Article(id=1309584813485551661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, issueId=1309584674813472796, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6038/pg2026JJ0234, pmid=null, cstr=32085.14.pg2026JJ0234, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748534400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-30, revisedDate=1759075200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790158950443, onlineDateStr=2026-09-23, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790158950443, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790158950443, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790158950443, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309584674813472796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, year='2026', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='500', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790158917382, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790210867428, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309802569166316485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, issueId=1309584674813472796, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309802569166316486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, issueId=1309584674813472796, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=311, endPage=324, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309584813712044078, articleId=1309584813485551661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, language=EN, title=Research on the complex wettability characteristics and precise saturation evaluation method for the P formation reservoir in the Bongor Basin, Chad, columnId=null, journalTitle=Progress in Geophysics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Bongor Basin in Chad is located in the western extension zone of the Central African Rift System. Its Cretaceous P reservoir, as the main production layer, has complex lithology and significant heterogeneity, and the oil reservoir resistivity values vary greatly, making saturation evaluation difficult. Based on data from lithology, physical properties, rock electrical experiments, and nuclear magnetic experiments, this study focuses on the Baobab and Daniela blocks in the Bongor Basin of Chad. The study analyzes the complex wettability characteristics of the P reservoir in the Bongor Basin and proposes a saturation calculation model that combines rock wettability with electrical resistivity. Research has shown that the P group sand bodies can be divided into four sets from top to bottom. The first set is composed of thin sandstone layers containing mud, witharesistivity of less than 20 Ω·m, using a mud sandstone saturation model; The second set is partially thick sandstone with a resistivity of less than 100 Ω·m, suitable for hydrophilic models; The third set has an abnormally high resistivity reservoir with a resistivity of 300~1000 Ω·m, which is explained by an oil affinity model; The resistivity of the second set of partial sand bodies and the fourth set of sand bodies is between 100 and 300 Ω·m, suitable for the mixed wetting model. This method achieves accurate calculation of saturation of complex wettability reservoirs in the Bongor Basin of Chad, providing key technical support for efficient exploration and development in the basin in the future.

, authors=WenJing LI1, 2, ZhiHao JIANG1, 2, *, LiLi ZHANG3, 4, ChangWen LI4, ZhiQiang MAO5, authorsList=WenJing LI, ZhiHao JIANG, LiLi ZHANG, ChangWen LI, ZhiQiang MAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=ZhiHao JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Progress in Geophysics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309584819101724755, articleId=1309584813485551661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, language=CN, title=乍得Bongor盆地P组储层复杂润湿性特征及饱和度精细评价方法研究, columnId=1309584711584932741, journalTitle=地球物理学进展, columnName=应用地球物理学(油气、金属矿、海洋、环境、工程、仪器等), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

乍得Bongor盆地位于中非裂谷系西延带, 其白垩系P组储层作为主力产层, 岩性复杂、非均质性显著, 且油层电阻率数值变化巨大, 导致饱和度评价困难.本研究根据岩性、物性、岩电实验和核磁实验等资料, 以Bongor盆地Baobab区块和Daniela区块为主要研究对象, 分析乍得Bongor盆地P组储层的复杂润湿性特征, 提出一种结合岩石润湿性与电阻率的饱和度计算模型.研究表明, 从上到下P组砂体可分为四套, 第一套是含泥质薄层砂岩, 电阻率20 Ω·m以下, 采用泥质砂岩饱和度模型; 第二套为部分厚层砂岩, 电阻率小于100 Ω·m, 适用亲水模型; 第三套存在异常高阻储层, 电阻率在300~1000 Ω·m, 用亲油解释模型; 第二套部分砂体和第四套砂体的电阻率在100~300 Ω·m之间, 适用于混合润湿模型.该方法实现了乍得Bongor盆地复杂润湿性储层饱和度的精准计算, 为该盆地后续高效勘探开发提供了关键技术支撑.

, authors=李文静1, 2, 姜志豪1, 2, *, 张莉莉3, 4, 李长文4, 毛志强5, authorsList=李文静, 姜志豪, 张莉莉, 李长文, 毛志强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姜志豪, authorNote=

李文静, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生, 主要从事测井储层评价方面的研究.E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
姜志豪, 男, 1993年生, 副教授, 主要从事复杂润湿性储层、测井储层评价研究.E-mail:
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Bongor盆地构造特征及对油藏的控制作用[硕士论文]. 成都: 成都理工大学., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1309584819349188692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309584819361771605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, companyId=1309584819349188692, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi'an Petroleum University, Xi'an 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309584819370160214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, companyId=1309584819349188692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309584819466629207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Statistical chart of lithological types of group P in Bongor Basin, figureFileSmall=qKysTWAo1JUWksHpMgsg/g==, figureFileBig=wrIUKIiI5g5DyokjUVzx7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824164249738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Bongor盆地P组岩性类型统计图, figureFileSmall=qKysTWAo1JUWksHpMgsg/g==, figureFileBig=wrIUKIiI5g5DyokjUVzx7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824277495947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Statistical diagram of sandstone in the P formation of Bongor Basin, figureFileSmall=j9T3Zlt03UvEleqnkMjjKg==, figureFileBig=WxYBqjje/wiA9MhR2iARCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824361382028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Bongor盆地P组储集层砂岩统计图, figureFileSmall=j9T3Zlt03UvEleqnkMjjKg==, figureFileBig=WxYBqjje/wiA9MhR2iARCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824478822541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Roundness(a) and pore combination(b)of P group rocks in Bongor Basin, figureFileSmall=9DY4VbXtk5Vd0/6TmN9BTw==, figureFileBig=WAkNRNqj1f2Jf+TyvSWQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824571097230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Bongor盆地P组岩石磨圆度(a)及孔隙组合(b), figureFileSmall=9DY4VbXtk5Vd0/6TmN9BTw==, figureFileBig=WAkNRNqj1f2Jf+TyvSWQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824667566223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Distribution characteristics of porosity(a) and permeability(b)of P group core in Bongor Basin, figureFileSmall=aY79EirfSJg5x9IOWN2GWg==, figureFileBig=ThIZ4mprLpUe3FT64i3aOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824755646608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Bongor盆地P组岩心孔隙度(a)、渗透率(b)分布特征, figureFileSmall=aY79EirfSJg5x9IOWN2GWg==, figureFileBig=ThIZ4mprLpUe3FT64i3aOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824835338385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Oil bearing stratification and characteristics of the main sand layers in group P of Baobab area, figureFileSmall=d/IlDduJdzjFS8gS8GAOSw==, figureFileBig=M3yHHYxyI5Pycx/zikXq2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584824952778898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Baobab地区P组主力砂层含油性分层及各组特征, figureFileSmall=d/IlDduJdzjFS8gS8GAOSw==, figureFileBig=M3yHHYxyI5Pycx/zikXq2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584826655666323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Intersection diagram of P group pore permeability in Bongor Basin, figureFileSmall=iGvPhj6M44HDqMsp1z/oYQ==, figureFileBig=WkOk4UHBGzqtBCFThYsrlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584826747941012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Bongor盆地P组孔渗交会图

(a)BN-8井和D-3井P组孔渗交会图;(b)BS1-1井和BNE-3井P组孔渗交会图.

, figureFileSmall=iGvPhj6M44HDqMsp1z/oYQ==, figureFileBig=WkOk4UHBGzqtBCFThYsrlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584826827632789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Logging interpretation results of low resistance oil layer (BNE-3) (1450~1480 m), figureFileSmall=ZJZNGN/6qxA7EqPbDV1n5Q==, figureFileBig=juwEYfVK9rQ9v3mrA7yN/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584826919907478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图8, caption=亲水润湿油层测井解释成果图(BNE-3)(1450~1480 m), figureFileSmall=ZJZNGN/6qxA7EqPbDV1n5Q==, figureFileBig=juwEYfVK9rQ9v3mrA7yN/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827020570775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=BNE-3 well rock electrical experiment, figureFileSmall=pKVgO0VknMw82/cxKMpjsA==, figureFileBig=3NKzcf92dyV6Ca8/X071jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827108651160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图9, caption=BNE-3井岩电实验

(a)储层地层因素与孔隙度交会图;(b)储层电阻率指数与含水饱和度交会图.

, figureFileSmall=pKVgO0VknMw82/cxKMpjsA==, figureFileBig=3NKzcf92dyV6Ca8/X071jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827179954329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Logging interpretation results of high resistance oil layer (D-3) (1350~1380 m), figureFileSmall=L4Xy2kz5OsYQ8cFDXPJAcg==, figureFileBig=RHAmudJYyT21xUrb+ag+cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827255451802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图10, caption=亲油润湿油层测井解释成果图(D-3)(1350~1380 m), figureFileSmall=L4Xy2kz5OsYQ8cFDXPJAcg==, figureFileBig=RHAmudJYyT21xUrb+ag+cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827351920795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=D-3 Rock electricity experiment, figureFileSmall=xPlJdsGH82dAQiPhndFFsw==, figureFileBig=Dtl1+8SL8dZ58DdvfsjPlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827440001180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图11, caption=D-3井岩电实验

(a)储层地层因素与孔隙度交会图;(b)储层电阻率指数与含水饱和度交会图.

, figureFileSmall=xPlJdsGH82dAQiPhndFFsw==, figureFileBig=Dtl1+8SL8dZ58DdvfsjPlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827523887261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Interpretation results of intermediate state oil layer logging (BN-8) (1380~1410 m), figureFileSmall=2keDUwH9hfX287HunMnuDw==, figureFileBig=Xeor2aIY4NYmWIoIn4qtjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827620356254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图12, caption=混合润湿油层测井解释成果图(BN-8)(1380~1410 m), figureFileSmall=2keDUwH9hfX287HunMnuDw==, figureFileBig=Xeor2aIY4NYmWIoIn4qtjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827700048031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Rock electrical experiment of BN-8 well, figureFileSmall=OWfWvLkpyqShQG2iXTbD4A==, figureFileBig=BRvAgpe2o3q5ONTSRW4n7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584827796517024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=图13, caption=BN-8井岩电实验

(a)储层地层因素与孔隙度交会图;(b)储层电阻率指数与含水饱和度交会图.

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(a)不同润湿性储层地层因素与孔隙度交会图;(b)不同润湿性储层电阻率指数与含水饱和度交会图.

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Clay mineral content of group P in Bongor Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号样品数
量/个
伊利石/%伊/蒙混
层/%
高岭石/%绿泥石/%伊/蒙混
层比/%
BN-82643.29.70.047.1< 10
BNE-32428.713.50.057.824.6
BS1-11630.69.80.059.6< 10
D-31149.03.212.235.6< 10
), ArticleFig(id=1309584828928979116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Bongor盆地P组黏土矿物含量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号样品数
量/个
伊利石/%伊/蒙混
层/%
高岭石/%绿泥石/%伊/蒙混
层比/%
BN-82643.29.70.047.1< 10
BNE-32428.713.50.057.824.6
BS1-11630.69.80.059.6< 10
D-31149.03.212.235.6< 10
), ArticleFig(id=1309584829012865197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Table2, caption=

Physical property analysis of core well P group in Bongor Basin research area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井名孔隙度范围/%孔隙度平均
值/%
渗透率范围/(10-15 m2)渗透率平均值/(10-15 m2)
BNE-310~1815.10.1~50032.8
BN-814~2218.110~5000817.3
BS1-11~2914.60.01~1000113.5
D-34~2012.110~1000301.9
), ArticleFig(id=1309584829105139886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Bongor盆地研究区取心井P组物性分析情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井名孔隙度范围/%孔隙度平均
值/%
渗透率范围/(10-15 m2)渗透率平均值/(10-15 m2)
BNE-310~1815.10.1~50032.8
BN-814~2218.110~5000817.3
BS1-11~2914.60.01~1000113.5
D-34~2012.110~1000301.9
), ArticleFig(id=1309584829209997487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=EN, label=Table3, caption=

Applicable range of different saturation models

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模型分类适用砂体F-φI-SwSw计算公式适用范围
亲水储层第2套砂体a=1.4149
m=1.818
b=1.0284
n=1.557
$S_{\mathrm{w}}=\sqrt[1.557]{1.455 R_{\mathrm{w}} \varphi^{-1.818} / R_{\mathrm{t}}}$Rt < 100 Ω·m
亲油储层第3套砂体a=1.1176
m=1.653
b=1.04
n=3.178
$S_{\mathrm{w}}=\sqrt[3.178]{1.162 R_{\mathrm{w}} \varphi^{-1.653} / R_{\mathrm{t}}}$Rt>300 Ω·m
混合润湿第2、4套砂体a=1.0416
m=1.758
b=1.1095
n=2.021
$S_{\mathrm{w}}=\sqrt[2.021]{1.156 R_{\mathrm{w}} \varphi^{-1.758} / R_{\mathrm{t}}}$100 Ω·m < Rt < 300 Ω·m
泥质模型第1套砂体 $\frac{1}{S_{\mathrm{w}}^n}=\left(\frac{V_{\mathrm{sh}}^{\mathrm{c}}}{R_{\mathrm{sh}}}+\frac{\varphi^{\mathrm{c}}}{\sqrt{a R_{\mathrm{w}}}}\right)^2 R_{\mathrm{t}}, C=1-\frac{V_{\mathrm{sh}}}{2}$Rt < 30 Ω·m
), ArticleFig(id=1309584829306466480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584813485551661, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同饱和度模型适用范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型分类适用砂体F-φI-SwSw计算公式适用范围
亲水储层第2套砂体a=1.4149
m=1.818
b=1.0284
n=1.557
$S_{\mathrm{w}}=\sqrt[1.557]{1.455 R_{\mathrm{w}} \varphi^{-1.818} / R_{\mathrm{t}}}$Rt < 100 Ω·m
亲油储层第3套砂体a=1.1176
m=1.653
b=1.04
n=3.178
$S_{\mathrm{w}}=\sqrt[3.178]{1.162 R_{\mathrm{w}} \varphi^{-1.653} / R_{\mathrm{t}}}$Rt>300 Ω·m
混合润湿第2、4套砂体a=1.0416
m=1.758
b=1.1095
n=2.021
$S_{\mathrm{w}}=\sqrt[2.021]{1.156 R_{\mathrm{w}} \varphi^{-1.758} / R_{\mathrm{t}}}$100 Ω·m < Rt < 300 Ω·m
泥质模型第1套砂体 $\frac{1}{S_{\mathrm{w}}^n}=\left(\frac{V_{\mathrm{sh}}^{\mathrm{c}}}{R_{\mathrm{sh}}}+\frac{\varphi^{\mathrm{c}}}{\sqrt{a R_{\mathrm{w}}}}\right)^2 R_{\mathrm{t}}, C=1-\frac{V_{\mathrm{sh}}}{2}$Rt < 30 Ω·m
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乍得Bongor盆地P组储层复杂润湿性特征及饱和度精细评价方法研究
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李文静 1, 2 , 姜志豪 1, 2, * , 张莉莉 3, 4 , 李长文 4 , 毛志强 5
地球物理学进展 | 应用地球物理学(油气、金属矿、海洋、环境、工程、仪器等) 2026,41(1): 311-324
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地球物理学进展 |应用地球物理学(油气、金属矿、海洋、环境、工程、仪器等) 2026 , 41 (1) : 311 -324
乍得Bongor盆地P组储层复杂润湿性特征及饱和度精细评价方法研究
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李文静1, 2 , 姜志豪1, 2, * , 张莉莉3, 4, 李长文4, 毛志强5
作者信息
  • 1西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
  • 2西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
  • 3中国石油集团测井有限公司国际公司, 北京 102206
  • 4中国石油天然气集团公司测井重点实验室, 西安 710077
  • 5中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
通讯作者:
姜志豪, 男, 1993年生, 副教授, 主要从事复杂润湿性储层、测井储层评价研究.E-mail:
作者简介:

李文静, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生, 主要从事测井储层评价方面的研究.E-mail:

Research on the complex wettability characteristics and precise saturation evaluation method for the P formation reservoir in the Bongor Basin, Chad
WenJing LI1, 2 , ZhiHao JIANG1, 2, * , LiLi ZHANG3, 4, ChangWen LI4, ZhiQiang MAO5
Affiliations
  • 1School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi'an Petroleum University, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Formation Geology, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 3China Petroleum Logging International Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Logging, CNPC, Xi'an 710077, China
  • 5State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0234
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乍得Bongor盆地位于中非裂谷系西延带, 其白垩系P组储层作为主力产层, 岩性复杂、非均质性显著, 且油层电阻率数值变化巨大, 导致饱和度评价困难.本研究根据岩性、物性、岩电实验和核磁实验等资料, 以Bongor盆地Baobab区块和Daniela区块为主要研究对象, 分析乍得Bongor盆地P组储层的复杂润湿性特征, 提出一种结合岩石润湿性与电阻率的饱和度计算模型.研究表明, 从上到下P组砂体可分为四套, 第一套是含泥质薄层砂岩, 电阻率20 Ω·m以下, 采用泥质砂岩饱和度模型; 第二套为部分厚层砂岩, 电阻率小于100 Ω·m, 适用亲水模型; 第三套存在异常高阻储层, 电阻率在300~1000 Ω·m, 用亲油解释模型; 第二套部分砂体和第四套砂体的电阻率在100~300 Ω·m之间, 适用于混合润湿模型.该方法实现了乍得Bongor盆地复杂润湿性储层饱和度的精准计算, 为该盆地后续高效勘探开发提供了关键技术支撑.

乍得Bongor盆地  /  饱和度评价  /  复杂润湿性  /  测井解释

The Bongor Basin in Chad is located in the western extension zone of the Central African Rift System. Its Cretaceous P reservoir, as the main production layer, has complex lithology and significant heterogeneity, and the oil reservoir resistivity values vary greatly, making saturation evaluation difficult. Based on data from lithology, physical properties, rock electrical experiments, and nuclear magnetic experiments, this study focuses on the Baobab and Daniela blocks in the Bongor Basin of Chad. The study analyzes the complex wettability characteristics of the P reservoir in the Bongor Basin and proposes a saturation calculation model that combines rock wettability with electrical resistivity. Research has shown that the P group sand bodies can be divided into four sets from top to bottom. The first set is composed of thin sandstone layers containing mud, witharesistivity of less than 20 Ω·m, using a mud sandstone saturation model; The second set is partially thick sandstone with a resistivity of less than 100 Ω·m, suitable for hydrophilic models; The third set has an abnormally high resistivity reservoir with a resistivity of 300~1000 Ω·m, which is explained by an oil affinity model; The resistivity of the second set of partial sand bodies and the fourth set of sand bodies is between 100 and 300 Ω·m, suitable for the mixed wetting model. This method achieves accurate calculation of saturation of complex wettability reservoirs in the Bongor Basin of Chad, providing key technical support for efficient exploration and development in the basin in the future.

Bongor Basin in Chad  /  Saturation evaluation  /  Complex wettability  /  Logging interpretation
李文静, 姜志豪, 张莉莉, 李长文, 毛志强. 乍得Bongor盆地P组储层复杂润湿性特征及饱和度精细评价方法研究. 地球物理学进展, 2026 , 41 (1) : 311 -324 . DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0234
WenJing LI, ZhiHao JIANG, LiLi ZHANG, ChangWen LI, ZhiQiang MAO. Research on the complex wettability characteristics and precise saturation evaluation method for the P formation reservoir in the Bongor Basin, Chad[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2026 , 41 (1) : 311 -324 . DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0234
乍得Bongor盆地是中西非裂谷系重要的含油气盆地,油气资源极为丰富,主要来源于下部P组烃源岩(窦立荣等,2011).但该盆地P组储层非均质性强,不同油气层电阻率数值差异巨大(2~3 Ω·m至数千Ω·m)(毛志强等,2022).低阻油层及低对比度油层较为发育,油层识别难度大导致储层岩石测井饱和度评价困难,且常规单一储层饱和度评价方法计算精度低.因此,在乍得Bongor盆地油气储层分析中,高精度的含油饱和度评价对于提高该地区的勘探效益至关重要.
目前,众多学者对Bongor盆地开展了深入的地质研究,取得了一系列重要成果.窦立荣等(2015)研究认为乍得Bongor盆地基底古老,经多期地质作用形成,勘探获油气成果,基岩储层分类且垂向分带,利于储层预测评价.下白垩统烃源岩发育条件优越,有机质优质且丰度高、成熟度适中,为油气勘探及大油田的发现奠定了物质基础(徐锋等,2018).在油气分布规律上,Baobab构造带整体呈现出独特的油气分布格局,凸起带以基岩潜山油藏为主,次洼带则以源内P组油藏为主(张辰,2015;王利等,2022).尽管上述研究成果为Bongor盆地Baobab区块靶区优选指明了方向,但实际勘探开发过程中,该区块P组储层电阻率差异大,润湿性复杂,亟需明确其润湿性特征,完善饱和度精细评价方法,以推动该地区的油气勘探开发.
针对储层电性差异,众多学者开展了复杂润湿性的研究,在不同方面取得了丰富的成果.在润湿性对岩石电阻率的影响方面,有研究指出润湿性会影响流体在孔隙中的微观分布,进而对岩石电阻率产生作用,并阐述了润湿性与n值的关系(高楚桥等,1998;Meng et al., 2017).韩玉娇等(2022)针对油湿和水湿的中—低渗透延长组砂岩开展了岩电、核磁共振、扫描电镜等对比实验,从岩石物理角度探索了不同黏度原油对油湿和水湿砂岩导电响应规律的影响机理.张丽华等(2023)针对多种饱和度指数n的影响因素,简单概述各因素的影响特点及结果,并分析原因,给出了实际应用建议.随着核磁共振技术的发展,前人已经验证了核磁共振技术与岩石润湿性的关系.其中,最早采用的是定量手段评价油藏岩石润湿性,将饱和水的弛豫移动与含水饱和度和润湿性建立联系(Howard, 1998).此后,Liang等(2023)指出岩石润湿性对储层流体分布和提高采收率有显著影响,核磁共振(NMR)技术适用于润湿性表征,以饱和油水的致密砂岩为例,研究了不同润湿性特征的T2响应和基于核磁共振T2的润湿性指数,为混合润湿岩石中核磁共振T2表征的解释提供了理论基础.
为了提高复杂润湿性条件下P组储层的含油饱和度评价精度,本文以Bongor盆地Baobab区块和Daniela区块为主要研究对象,基于岩性、物性、岩电和核磁实验数据,分析P组不同砂体的润湿性特征,并建立了四个油层饱和度评价模型,揭示了乍得Bongor盆地P组储层复杂润湿性电阻率、核磁共振测井响应特征并进行饱和度精细评价,实际数据应用结果表明,本模型计算的含油饱和度与试油结论吻合率显著提升,该方法可为后续的勘探开发提供理论依据和技术支持.
Bongor盆地是受中西非北西—南东(NW-SE向)剪切带影响形成的中—新生代陆内裂谷盆地,地层包括下白垩统、古近系、新近系和第四系.下白垩统从下往上依次为P组、M组、K组、R组(宋红日等,2009;欧阳雪琪,2016;范璎宁,2018).根据下白垩统地层组合特征,可划分为上、下两大成藏组合.上部组合由B-R-K组构成,以R组下部厚层泥岩为区域盖层,油气主要来源于下部的M组和P组烃源岩(肖坤叶等,2015;李威等,2017;文志刚等,2018).P组地层为深湖—半深湖近岸水下扇—扇三角洲沉积,具有深灰—灰黑色泥岩夹薄至中厚层砂岩,储层发育,但岩性变化大,涵盖泥质砂岩至砂砾岩(王利等,2024).主要油层分布在R组和K组的砂岩中,以稠油藏或正常偏稠油藏为主,油气分布主要受构造控制(陈志刚等,2016;赵利伟,2016);下部组合由M—P组构成,是“自生自储型”成藏组合,也是Bongor盆地主力成藏组合(王楠,2018;闫林辉等,2019).以轻质油藏、凝析油气藏或气藏为主,油气分布受构造和储层双重控制,原油物性好,油气比高,产量高,局部发育异常高压(图 1).
Bongor盆地北部斜坡带P组主要为陆相扇三角洲相-湖相沉积,岩性较粗,以粗砂岩和砂砾岩为主,主要粒径分布在0.12~8.6 mm之间,且平均孔径较大,能形成较通畅的渗流通道(图 2).
碎屑组分主要为长石砂岩,少量为岩屑砂岩.长石含量平均为66.8%, 主要为斜长石和钾长石,石英含量为25.5%, 岩屑含量最低,仅为7.7%.部分井段含较高的火成岩屑(图 3).磨圆度较差,形态主要为次棱状(图 4a).胶结类型多为孔隙式,孔隙组合以溶孔-粒间孔和溶蚀孔-粒间孔为主(图 4b).BN-8井和BNE-3井岩心中存在大量溶蚀孔,长石含量高.黏土矿物主要为伊利石、绿泥石和伊/蒙间层,其中绿泥石含量较高,伊/蒙间层含量较低,约为10%(表 1).
P组目的层段包含6口取心井,共652个岩心样品数据,其中BNE-3井、BS1-1井、BN-8井和D-3井位于Baobab-Daniela凸起与Daniela洼陷.统计分析表明,P组岩心孔隙度范围广泛,主要集中在6% ~24%之间,平均孔隙度为15.2%(图 5a).渗透率分布跨度大,分布范围为(0.01~10000)× 10-15 m2,其中大部分渗透率集中在(10~5000)×10-15 m2,平均渗透率为518.9×10-15 m2(图 5b).
P组主力砂体特征明显,主力砂体从上到下可分为四段(图 6).第一套砂体为含泥质砂岩,自然电位异常幅度小或几乎无异常,通常发育电阻率小于30 Ω·m的低阻油气层.第二套砂体为厚层状砂岩,油层电阻率在30~100 Ω·m之间,保存条件好,基本未水淹,自然电位(SP)有小幅度负异常.第三套砂体的特点是发育高电阻率油层,电阻率接近2000 Ω·m,对应自然电位曲线负异常幅度最大,达到-120 mV.第三套砂体保存较好,通常未见水淹.第四套砂体位于主力砂体下部,油层大部分被破坏,形成高阻水层.岩心实验证实,第三套和第四套砂体的高阻油水层由亲油润湿引起.
P组储层渗透率差异较大(表 2),孔隙度与渗透率呈正相关.根据渗透率,BN-8井和D-3井规律一致(图 7a),BS1-1井和BNE-3井规律一致(图 7b),中孔高渗现象主要出现在第三套含砾或砂砾岩砂体中.
Bongor盆地P组油层电阻率变化较大.本文结合岩心观察、岩电实验和油驱水核磁共振实验,将P组储层划分为亲水、亲油和混合润湿三类,并基于油层类型与电性差异,建立不同的饱和度模型,提高三类润湿储层含油饱和度的计算精度.
测井响应结果表明,B-1井、BNE-3等井存在电阻率小于100 Ω·m的油层,属于第二套砂体.BNE-3井的电阻率曲线值始终低于100 Ω·m(图 8),孔隙度介于10% ~18%之间,渗透率在(0.1~100)×10-15 m2范围内.亲水岩石表面易被水润湿,水膜在孔隙壁面形成,通常占据较小孔隙,而油相则分布在孔隙中央等位置.根据Archie公式等相关理论,饱和度指数n在不同润湿性储层中表现出显著差异,主要受润湿性对流体分布和孔隙结构的控制影响(张丽华等,2025).亲水润湿储层计算得到的饱和度指数相对较小.对该井1456.43~1473.54 m区间的22块岩心进行岩电实验,首先对样品进行清洗和烘干,确保去除孔隙中的残余流体.再将岩心样品置于饱和装置中,通过真空抽吸和加压饱和法使其完全饱和.饱和完成后,使用四电极法测量岩样在不同饱和度下的电阻率,记录数据.最后通过离心法或气驱法逐步降低岩样中的流体饱和度,并在每个饱和度点重复电阻率测量.实验结果如图 9所示,饱和度指数n=1.579,表明岩石为亲水润湿.
D-3井发育典型的高阻油层,油层电阻率最高可达2000 Ω·m(图 10),发育第三套砂体,孔隙度介于8% ~25%之间,渗透率范围为(10~2000)×10-15 m2. 通过岩心观察,该岩石呈深褐色,为粗颗粒砂岩,含油性良好,散发浓郁油味,触摸后油污易沾染双手.亲油岩石表面不易被水润湿,油更容易附着在岩石孔隙壁上,形成油膜.对该井1268.02~1370.06 m区间的20块岩心进行岩电实验,结果表明,D-3井上下两层的F-φ与I-Sw关系相同,饱和度指数n=3.178,表明岩石为亲油润湿储层(图 11).
BN-8井的油层电阻率约为200 Ω·m(图 12),发育厚层砂泥岩互层,为第四套砂体.岩石孔隙中同时存在润湿相与非润湿相,电阻率介于完全亲水和完全亲油之间.BN-8井孔隙度介于14% ~30%之间,渗透率在(0.1~2000)×10-15 m2范围内.对该井1384.48~1401.64 m的22块岩心样品进行岩电实验,饱和度指数n=2.021,介于亲水润湿储层和亲油润湿储层之间,表明岩石为混合润湿储层(图 13).
核磁共振技术基于岩心流体赋存状态分析,可实现孔隙度、渗透率及含油饱和度的同步量化表征(Yang et al., 2020;谢文敏等,2024).本实验通过测量岩心样本的孔隙度、渗透率及饱和水和饱和油状态下的T2谱,先对岩心样品进行洗油洗盐、烘干并抽真空饱和,然后置于核磁共振仪器中,使用预设的测量参数进行饱和样品测试.样品在抽真空时的压力为0.01 MPa,且维持24 h.实验中使用CaCl2溶液模拟地层水进行样品的饱和.
BNE-3井孔隙度范围分布在10% ~18%之间,渗透率在(0.1~500)×10-15 m2范围内,电阻率小于100 Ω·m,属于第二套砂体.该储层岩石饱和水状态下的核磁共振T2谱呈较宽的单峰分布,峰值为60 ms左右(图 14),在油驱至束缚水状态过程中,60% ~80%的油进入孔隙中,驱替后饱和油的T2谱峰值显著增大至400 ms左右,T2谱表现为明显的双峰分布在1~10 ms之间,表征未被油驱替出的小孔隙中水的表面弛豫信号;后峰分布在100~500 ms之间,主要是大孔隙中油的体积弛豫信号.油驱后的核磁共振T2谱与饱和水状态下的T2谱存在显著差异,岩石中油水的状态表现为油体积弛豫和水表面弛豫现象,进一步证实岩石的亲水润湿性特征.油驱过程中,油优先进入大孔隙,而水滞留在小孔隙中,反映了岩石孔隙结构中油水分布的非均质性,表明岩石为亲水润湿性(Li and Cai, 2023).
D-3井孔隙度在4% ~20%之间,渗透率在(10~1000)×10-15 m2范围内,油层电阻率高达2000 Ω·m,发育第三套砂体.该储层岩石饱和油状态下,油主要分布在大孔隙中,其T2弛豫时间分布在100~1000 ms之间,呈现较窄的单峰分布,峰值为400 ms左右(图 15),油分子在较大孔隙中以体积弛豫为主;而小孔隙中的水受到孔隙壁的限制,T2弛豫时间小于100 ms,随着孔隙尺寸的增大,水的弛豫信号逐渐增强.油驱过程中,油优先占据大孔隙并吸附在孔隙表面,而水被驱替至孔隙中心或滞留于小孔隙中,反映了岩石的亲油润湿性.
BN-8井孔隙度范围分布在14% ~22%之间,渗透率值在(10~5000)×10-15 m2范围内.油层电阻率约为200 Ω·m,发育厚层砂泥岩互层,为第四套砂体.该储层岩石饱和水和饱和油状态下T2谱变化很小(图 16),岩石中的油和水在孔隙表面和孔隙中心的分布会更加复杂,亲油表面和亲水表面共存,样品饱和水时,水在岩石孔隙中同时表现为体积弛豫和表面弛豫;饱和油状态下,油和水同时存在,均表现为体积弛豫和表面弛豫,反映了混合润湿性储层的特征.
不同润湿性饱和度模型的建立至关重要.众多学者展开了相关研究,如阿尔奇(Archie,1942)在早期基于实验提出经典的阿尔奇公式,为亲水岩石电阻率与含水饱和度关系建模奠基.
本文针对不同套砂体和不同电阻率范围,采用不同润湿性模型计算饱和度.这里采用阿尔奇公式进行计算,计算公式如下:
$F=\frac{R_0}{R_{\mathrm{w}}}=\frac{a}{\varphi^m}=a \cdot \varphi^{-m}, $
$I=\frac{R_{\mathrm{t}}}{R_0}=\frac{b}{S_{\mathrm{w}}^n}=b \cdot \varphi S_{\mathrm{w}}^{-n}, $
$S_{\mathrm{w}}=\sqrt[n]{\frac{a b R_{\mathrm{w}} \varphi^{-m}}{R_{\mathrm{t}}}}, $
式中,F为地层因素,R0为岩石孔隙中百分百含水时的地层电阻率,单位为Ω·m;Rw表示地层水电阻率,单位为Ω·m;Rt为地层电阻率,单位为Ω·m;φ为岩石孔隙度,小数;a、b为比例系数,m为胶结指数,n为饱和度指数,Sw是含水饱和度,单位为%.
对于第一套砂体应用泥质模型进行计算含水饱和度,计算公式如下:
$\frac{1}{S_{\mathrm{w}}^n}=\left(\frac{V_{\mathrm{sh}}^{\mathrm{c}}}{R_{\mathrm{sh}}}+\frac{\varphi^{\mathrm{c}}}{\sqrt{a R_{\mathrm{w}}}}\right)^2 R_{\mathrm{t}}, $
$C=1-\frac{V_{\mathrm{sh}}}{2}, $
式中,Vsh为泥质含量,小数;Rsh为纯泥质层的电阻率,单位为Ω·m;C为修正指数,用于量化泥质含量对参数指数的影响.
亲水储层、亲油储层和混合润湿储层岩电参数分别由样品岩电实验确定(图 17),不同润湿性模型详细参数见表 3.
在BN-8井1380~1410 m井段,测井解释图(图 18)显示该区间发育连续厚层砂岩储层,自然伽马曲线呈现明显的钟形负异常,自然电位曲线出现显著的基线偏移,电阻率曲线表现为中高阻特征,反映出该段砂岩具有良好的渗透性和储集性能.
根据储层评价标准,将含油饱和度大于60%的层段划定为油层,含油饱和度处于40% ~60%区间的层段判定为油水同层.为了准确获取该井段的含油饱和度,基于岩电实验数据,采用混合润湿模型进行含水饱和度计算.该井段不同深度的含水饱和度数据与试油结论呈现高度一致性.例如,在1385~1390 m深度段和1400~1405 m深度段,模型计算的含油饱和度为68%左右,试油结果日产原油16.8 m3,不含水,符合油层标准.这一结果充分表明,采用混合润湿模型计算含水饱和度,能够有效解决混合润湿储层中流体饱和度精确评价的难题,为该井段的合理开发提供了可靠依据.
(1) 研究区P组储层主要以粗砂岩和砂砾岩为主,粒径较大.孔隙度范围为6% ~24%, 平均为15.2%;渗透率分布范围较广,主要集中在(10~5000)×10-15 m2,占比86.4%, 整体显示出较好的储集和渗流能力.
(2) 研究区P组主力砂体特征明显,完整的主力砂体自上而下可分为四套:第一套为含泥质砂岩,常发育低阻油气层,电阻率小于30 Ω·m;第二套为厚层砂岩,油层电阻率在30~100 Ω·m之间;第三套发育高电阻率油层,电阻率接近2000 Ω·m;第四套储层位于主力砂体下部,油层大部分被破坏,形成高阻水层,电阻率介于100~300 Ω·m,发育低对比度油层.
(3) 本研究根据不同套砂体的润湿性和电阻率响应特征,建立了一套适用于P组储层复杂润湿性的饱和度计算方法.低阻油层适用于印度尼西亚饱和度模型,常见于第一套砂体;第二套砂体为强亲水储层,适用于亲水模型;第三套砂体具有较强的亲油润湿性,可用亲油储层模型计算饱和度;第四套砂体表现为混合润湿,则采用混合润湿模型进行处理.
(4) 通过对研究区D-3井、BN-8井等4口试油井的生产数据进行分析,将基于四种不同润湿模型计算得出的含油饱和度与实际试油结果进行对比验证, 本模型大幅提升了含油饱和度计算与试油结论的吻合精度,为复杂润湿性储层的定量评价与高效开发提供了可靠的技术支撑.

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2026年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0234
  • 接收时间:2025-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-23
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30
  • 修回日期:2025-09-29
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    1西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
    2西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
    3中国石油集团测井有限公司国际公司, 北京 102206
    4中国石油天然气集团公司测井重点实验室, 西安 710077
    5中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249

通讯作者:

姜志豪, 男, 1993年生, 副教授, 主要从事复杂润湿性储层、测井储层评价研究.E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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