Article(id=1309584837862846691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, issueId=1309584674813472796, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6038/pg2026JJ0058, pmid=null, cstr=32085.14.pg2026JJ0058, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=1762272000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790158956256, onlineDateStr=2026-09-23, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790158956256, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790158956256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790158956256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309584674813472796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, year='2026', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='500', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790158917382, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790210867428, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309802569166316485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, issueId=1309584674813472796, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309802569166316486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, issueId=1309584674813472796, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=481, endPage=490, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309584838051590372, articleId=1309584837862846691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, language=EN, title=Research on OBN secondary location method in shallow water environment, columnId=null, journalTitle=Progress in Geophysics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accurate observation system information is the foundation of high-precision seismic data processing. Due to the inability to use conventional GPS positioning for OBN receiver points, specialized technical means are usually required to determine the coordinates of the receiver points. Common secondary positioning methods for receiver points include least squares method, approximate tetrahedron method, search method, fitting surface method, equivalent velocity method, vector synthesis method, etc. However, they are all based on direct wave travel time for positioning. Shallow water OBN data only has direct waves within a small offset distance, making those methods difficult to apply. Another commonly used secondary positioning method is refracted wave secondary positioning, which has low positioning accuracy due to its inability to handle speed gradients, interface bending, and other situations. In response to the problem of inaccurate positioning of receiver points in shallow water environments, this paper proposes a positioning method based on first arrival travel time fitting. Firstly, the first arrival time is accurately picked up from the common receiver point gather. Then, a polynomial is used to fit the relationship curve between the first arrival time and offset. The coordinates of the receiver points are adjusted by the difference between the actual picked travel time and the corresponding value on the curve, and multiple iterations are carried out until convergence. Finally, based on the water depth values measured in the survey, the corresponding Z coordinates can be obtained by projecting the X and Y coordinates of the receiver points, thus obtaining accurate three-dimensional coordinates of the receiver points. The method proposed in this article has been applied to both simulated and actual OBN data, achieving ideal results.

, authors=ZhongCheng WANG1, 2, DaMing GE1, Ning QIN1, *, PeiTi LIU1, JingGe WANG1, authorsList=ZhongCheng WANG, DaMing GE, Ning QIN, PeiTi LIU, JingGe WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ning QIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Progress in Geophysics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309584842283643133, articleId=1309584837862846691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, language=CN, title=浅水环境OBN二次定位方法研究, columnId=1309584711584932741, journalTitle=地球物理学进展, columnName=应用地球物理学(油气、金属矿、海洋、环境、工程、仪器等), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

准确的观测系统信息是高精度地震资料处理的基础,OBN检波点由于无法使用常规的GPS定位,通常需要专门的技术手段来确定检波点坐标.常见的检波点二次定位方法包括最小二乘法、近正四面体法、搜索法、拟合曲面法、等效速度法、矢量合成法等,但他们都基于直达波走时进行定位,浅水海域OBN资料仅在很小的偏移距内有直达波,因而难以适用;另一种常用的二次定位方法为折射波二次定位,因无法处理速度渐变、界面弯曲等情况,定位精度不高.针对浅水环境检波点定位不准的问题,本文提出了一种基于初至走时拟合的二次定位方法:首先在共检波点道集准确拾取初至时间,然后用多项式拟合初至时间和偏移距之间的关系曲线,用实际拾取走时和曲线上对应值的差对检波点坐标进行调整,多次迭代直至收敛.最后根据工区测量得到的水深值,用检波点X、Y坐标投影获得相应的Z坐标,即可获得准确的检波点三方向坐标.把本文方法应用于模拟资料和实际OBN资料的二次定位中,取得了理想效果.

, authors=王忠成1, 2, 葛大明1, 秦宁1, *, 刘培体1, 王敬阁1, authorsList=王忠成, 葛大明, 秦宁, 刘培体, 王敬阁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=秦宁, authorNote=

王忠成,男,1993年生,博士后,主要从事海洋地球物理方法研究. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
秦宁,女,1985年生,博士,研究员,主要从事地震资料处理、速度建模以及深度偏移等研究工作. E-mail:
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caption=Simulated travel time, figureFileSmall=RDgAVBC1tTQ62yHYpMcr5A==, figureFileBig=Fbsopv5fyHH3Cvph7S6z7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584847379722543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584837862846691, language=CN, label=图5, caption=模拟所得走时, figureFileSmall=RDgAVBC1tTQ62yHYpMcr5A==, figureFileBig=Fbsopv5fyHH3Cvph7S6z7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584847455220016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584837862846691, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Travel time fitting graph for different iterations of simulated data, figureFileSmall=Ql31PFrxlBO6B9zSTEw09A==, figureFileBig=iPB8k57DPH5/MONSwI3q9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309584849153913137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397311409356903, articleId=1309584837862846691, language=CN, label=图6, caption=模拟资料不同迭代次数对应的走时拟合图

(a)迭代0次;(b)迭代10次;(c)迭代100次.

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(a)文件号141650单炮;(b)文件号140850单炮.

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(a)迭代0次;(b)迭代10次;(c)迭代100次.

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Repositioning results of receiver points 161~170

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序号检波点真实x坐标/m检波点真实y坐标/m检波点真实z坐标/m检波点计算x坐标/m检波点计算y坐标/m检波点计算z坐标/mx坐标误差/my坐标误差y/mz坐标误/m
16050004975105000.0014974.96810.0000.001-0.0320.000
16150005000105000.0014999.99310.0000.001-0.0070.000
16250005025105000.0015025.01810.0000.0010.0180.000
16350005050105000.0015050.05910.0000.0010.0590.000
16450005075105000.0015075.09810.0000.0010.0980.000
16550005100105000.0015100.11910.0000.0010.1190.000
16650005125105000.0015125.13510.0000.0010.1350.000
16750005150105000.0015150.16510.0000.0010.1650.000
16850005175105000.0015175.19010.0000.0010.1900.000
16950005200105000.0015200.19610.0000.0010.1960.000
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161~170号检波点定位结果

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序号检波点真实x坐标/m检波点真实y坐标/m检波点真实z坐标/m检波点计算x坐标/m检波点计算y坐标/m检波点计算z坐标/mx坐标误差/my坐标误差y/mz坐标误/m
16050004975105000.0014974.96810.0000.001-0.0320.000
16150005000105000.0014999.99310.0000.001-0.0070.000
16250005025105000.0015025.01810.0000.0010.0180.000
16350005050105000.0015050.05910.0000.0010.0590.000
16450005075105000.0015075.09810.0000.0010.0980.000
16550005100105000.0015100.11910.0000.0010.1190.000
16650005125105000.0015125.13510.0000.0010.1350.000
16750005150105000.0015150.16510.0000.0010.1650.000
16850005175105000.0015175.19010.0000.0010.1900.000
16950005200105000.0015200.19610.0000.0010.1960.000
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浅水环境OBN二次定位方法研究
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王忠成 1, 2 , 葛大明 1 , 秦宁 1, * , 刘培体 1 , 王敬阁 1
地球物理学进展 | 应用地球物理学(油气、金属矿、海洋、环境、工程、仪器等) 2026,41(1): 481-490
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地球物理学进展 |应用地球物理学(油气、金属矿、海洋、环境、工程、仪器等) 2026 , 41 (1) : 481 -490
浅水环境OBN二次定位方法研究
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王忠成1, 2 , 葛大明1, 秦宁1, * , 刘培体1, 王敬阁1
作者信息
  • 1中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司物探研究院,东营 257022
  • 2胜利石油管理局博士后科研工作站,东营 257000
通讯作者:
秦宁,女,1985年生,博士,研究员,主要从事地震资料处理、速度建模以及深度偏移等研究工作. E-mail:
作者简介:

王忠成,男,1993年生,博士后,主要从事海洋地球物理方法研究. E-mail:

Research on OBN secondary location method in shallow water environment
ZhongCheng WANG1, 2 , DaMing GE1, Ning QIN1, * , PeiTi LIU1, JingGe WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1Geophysical Research Institute, SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying 257022, China
  • 2Working Station for Postdoctoral Scientific Research, Shengli Oilfield, Dongying 257000, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0058
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准确的观测系统信息是高精度地震资料处理的基础,OBN检波点由于无法使用常规的GPS定位,通常需要专门的技术手段来确定检波点坐标.常见的检波点二次定位方法包括最小二乘法、近正四面体法、搜索法、拟合曲面法、等效速度法、矢量合成法等,但他们都基于直达波走时进行定位,浅水海域OBN资料仅在很小的偏移距内有直达波,因而难以适用;另一种常用的二次定位方法为折射波二次定位,因无法处理速度渐变、界面弯曲等情况,定位精度不高.针对浅水环境检波点定位不准的问题,本文提出了一种基于初至走时拟合的二次定位方法:首先在共检波点道集准确拾取初至时间,然后用多项式拟合初至时间和偏移距之间的关系曲线,用实际拾取走时和曲线上对应值的差对检波点坐标进行调整,多次迭代直至收敛.最后根据工区测量得到的水深值,用检波点X、Y坐标投影获得相应的Z坐标,即可获得准确的检波点三方向坐标.把本文方法应用于模拟资料和实际OBN资料的二次定位中,取得了理想效果.

海底节点  /  共检波点  /  初至走时  /  二次定位

Accurate observation system information is the foundation of high-precision seismic data processing. Due to the inability to use conventional GPS positioning for OBN receiver points, specialized technical means are usually required to determine the coordinates of the receiver points. Common secondary positioning methods for receiver points include least squares method, approximate tetrahedron method, search method, fitting surface method, equivalent velocity method, vector synthesis method, etc. However, they are all based on direct wave travel time for positioning. Shallow water OBN data only has direct waves within a small offset distance, making those methods difficult to apply. Another commonly used secondary positioning method is refracted wave secondary positioning, which has low positioning accuracy due to its inability to handle speed gradients, interface bending, and other situations. In response to the problem of inaccurate positioning of receiver points in shallow water environments, this paper proposes a positioning method based on first arrival travel time fitting. Firstly, the first arrival time is accurately picked up from the common receiver point gather. Then, a polynomial is used to fit the relationship curve between the first arrival time and offset. The coordinates of the receiver points are adjusted by the difference between the actual picked travel time and the corresponding value on the curve, and multiple iterations are carried out until convergence. Finally, based on the water depth values measured in the survey, the corresponding Z coordinates can be obtained by projecting the X and Y coordinates of the receiver points, thus obtaining accurate three-dimensional coordinates of the receiver points. The method proposed in this article has been applied to both simulated and actual OBN data, achieving ideal results.

OBN  /  Common receiver point  /  First-arrival travel time  /  Secondary positioning
王忠成, 葛大明, 秦宁, 刘培体, 王敬阁. 浅水环境OBN二次定位方法研究. 地球物理学进展, 2026 , 41 (1) : 481 -490 . DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0058
ZhongCheng WANG, DaMing GE, Ning QIN, PeiTi LIU, JingGe WANG. Research on OBN secondary location method in shallow water environment[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2026 , 41 (1) : 481 -490 . DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0058
随着地震数据采集技术的发展和地震数据处理方法的进步,海洋勘探逐步向复杂构造区和小目标勘探方向发展,传统的海面拖缆地震采集方式逐渐不能满足勘探需求,因此,随着技术的进步,逐步发展出了海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismograph, OBS)(韩立强和常稳,2003;李丽青等,2013;马德堂等,2013)、海底电缆(Ocean Bottom Cable, OBC)(杨宝付等,2008;易昌华等,2008;邓元军等,2013)、海底节点(Ocean Bottom Node, OBN)(王忠成等, 2020, 2021;马力等,2023)等地震采集方式.OBN地震观测方法能够采集多分量、全方位、高信噪比和高分辨率的数据,同时具有数据定位精度高、采集可重复性以及数据采集性价比高等优势,具有非常重要的应用前景.但是,对于海面激发海底接收的地震采集方式,检波器需要部署在海底,由于海洋环境的复杂性,检波点的位置成了未知数,需要使用一定的技术手段来确定检波点的坐标,这一过程通常叫做二次定位.检波点坐标位置不准会从两方面影响成像质量:一是导致偏移距计算错误,影响动校正时的校正量(如图 1所示),从而不能实现同相叠加;二是会把地震道分配到错误的面元上,从而降低叠加剖面的信噪比(如图 2所示).
地震勘探行业解决海底检波点二次定位问题主要有两类方法:第一类是声波定位方法(曾湘轶和杨文艳,2001;邓元军等,2013),在检波器上额外安装声波应答器,在海面使用声波问答器测距,从而进行检波点的准确定位.第二类方法是初至波定位方法(高云等,2008;徐维秀等,2009;葛晓丹,2015;庞帅,2021),利用地震资料中的初至波走时信息计算检波点坐标.声波二次定位方法精度较高,但由于需要额外的硬件设备,费用昂贵,且存在采收率的问题,所以初至波二次定位方法是最为经济可靠的方法.关于初至波二次定位方法,又分为直达波二次定位和折射波二次定位.直达波二次定位主要分为以下几种方法:(1)搜索法(倪成洲等,2008),首先在检波点一次定位坐标附近划分网格,然后分别假设每个网格点为检波点真实坐标位置,对共检波点集地震数据做线性动校正,对比不同网格点线性动校正效果,其初至波拉平效果最好的点作为最终检波点. (2)近正四面体法(杨正华和张慧静,2013),按一定方法从众多的炮、检组合中优选出最接近正四面体组合进行计算, 舍去偏离正四面体程度大的组合, 将优选值再进行统计分析, 能够有效地提高检波点定位精度.(3)等效速度法(王忠成等, 2020, 2021),把海水速度当作变量加入检波点坐标求解方程组,根据共检波点道集多炮的用直达波走时进行求解.(4)矢量叠加法(杨海申等,2021),在共检波点集构建每个炮检对的位置矢量,然后用速度计算出该矢量方向的检波点坐标的修正量,最后把每个矢量方向的修正量进行叠加,不断迭代直到修正量小于一定门槛值.折射波二次定位方法是根据斯奈尔定律利用折射波走时同时反演检波点坐标、海水速度以及地层速度(高云等,2008).
目前所发展出的二次定位方法均不适用于浅海环境OBN检波点的二次定位:对于直达波定位方法而言,由于水深较浅,直达波通常与反射波、折射波混合在一起,难以有效分离并加以利用;而折射波方法,由于方法原理的限制,难以处理地层速度渐变、界面弯曲等情况,而这些情况在实际工区中又比较常见,因此,需要发展针对浅水环境的二次定位方法.本文的研究思路是首先在共检波点道集采用多项式拟合初至时间与偏移距之间的关系,然后利用实际拾取初至走时与曲线对应位置之差,进行检波点坐标的调整,迭代进行直至收敛,最终形成了浅海OBN二次定位方法.模拟资料和实际资料应用表明,本方法具有较高的定位精度,能够有效解决浅海地区OBN地震勘探中的检波点二次定位问题,提升资料的成像质量.
通常来说,对于海底地形较为平坦的区域,初至时间随偏移距地变化在共检波点道集呈现一定的相关性,借鉴于此,可用多项式对初至时间和偏移距进行拟合,并根据实际拾取的初至时间与拟合曲线相应位置的差来进行检波点坐标的调整,然后根据更新后的检波点坐标重新计算偏移距,循环进行直至收敛.具体实现过程如下:
(1) 在地震数据处理系统中拾取地震数据的初至走时.
(2) 在共检波点道集把初至时间按照偏移距从小到大排列,得到(x1, y1)、(x2, y2)、(x3, y3)、…、(xi, yi)、…、(xn, yn)组成的离散点,其中n为该检波点有效拾取到初至的炮数,(xi, yi)为该检波点道集第i炮的偏移距和拾取到的初至时间.
(3) 用4次多项式拟合初至时间虽偏移距的变化关系曲线.多项式格式为f(x)=a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3+a4x4,其中x表示偏移距,f(x)表示曲线在该点的值.把(xi, yi)代入该多项式曲线,得到如下方程组:
$\left\{\begin{array}{c}y_1=a_0+a_1 x_1+a_2 x_1^2+a_3 x_1^3+a_4 x_1^4 \\y_2=a_0+a_1 x_2+a_2 x_2^2+a_3 x_2^3+a_4 x_2^4 \\y_3=a_0+a_1 x_3+a_2 x_3^2+a_3 x_3^3+a_4 x_3^4 \\\vdots \\y_i=a_0+a_1 x_i+a_2 x_i^2+a_3 x_i^3+a_4 x_i^4 \\\vdots \\y_n=a_0+a_1 x_n+a_2 x_n^2+a_3 x_n^3+a_4 x_n^4\end{array}, \right.$
该方程组为超定线性方程组,采用高斯消元法即可得到多项式的系数a0、a1、a2、a3和a4.
(4) 计算共检波点集每一炮炮点到检波点的初至时差:Δti=f(xi)-yi,其中i为该共检波点道集的炮序号,xi为该炮的炮点到检波点的偏移距,f(xi)为该偏移距在步骤(3)中拟合曲线上的值,yi为步骤(1)中该炮实际拾取的初至走时.
(5) 计算共检波点道集每一炮在拟合曲线处的斜率:wi=a1+2a2xi+3a3xi2+4a4xi3,从而求出每一炮对应的修正量:Δsi=Δti/wi,假设该炮点到检波点的连线与正东方向的夹角为θi(逆时针旋转为正,顺时针旋转为负),则该炮在X方向的修正量为ΔXi=Δsi×cosθi,在Y方向的修正量为ΔYi=Δsi×sinθi.
(6) 求所有修正量的平均值$\Delta X=\frac{1}{n} \sum\limits_{i=1}^n \Delta X_i$,$\Delta Y=\frac{1}{n} \sum\limits_{i=1}^n \Delta Y_i$,并对检波点X坐标和Y坐标进行修正X=X0+ΔX,Y=Y0+ΔY.
(7) 在共检波点道集用炮点坐标和重新计算后的检波点坐标重新计算偏移距,即炮点和检波点在水平方向的距离.
(8) 重复(2)~(7),直到小于用户设定的门槛值或者达到用户设定的最大迭代次数.
(9) 根据前期多波束调查得到的区域水深数据,通过二维插值计算得到检波点的Z坐标.首先把水深数据整理成(X1, Y1, Z1)、(X2, Y2, Z2)、(X3, Y3, Z3)、…、(Xi, Yi, Zi)、…、(XN, YN, ZN)的形式,其中(Xi, Yi, Zi)表示第i个水深测量点的X、Y和Z坐标,共有N个水深测量点.步骤(1)~(8)已经得到检波点坐标的X和Y坐标,则检波点深度求取方法为:
$Z=F(X, Y)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{\sum\limits_{j=1}^N \frac{Z_i}{d_j}}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^N \frac{1}{d_j}} & \text { 当 }(X, Y) \neq\left(X_i, Y_i\right), i=1, 2, 3, \cdots, N \text { 时 } \\Z_i & \text { 当 }(X, Y)=\left(X_i, Y_i\right), i=1, 2, 3, \cdots, N \text { 时 }\end{array}\right. \text {, }$
如此便完成了检波点三个方向的二次定位计算.
(10) 读取二次定位前SPS文件中的.R文件,把经过二次定位计算后检波点坐标代替原先值写入新的.R文件,用新的.R文件以及原来的.S和.X文件重新在震数据处理系统中加载观测系统,即可完成二次定位计算.
为了定量评价本方法的定位精度,首先用模拟资料对本文所述二次定位方法进行试算.如图 3所示为胜利油田某海域OBN资料速度建模结果,图为该模型在南北方向上的速度剖面,模型东西方向保持不变.建立如图 4所示的观测系统,炮点在南北方向上以100 m间隔放炮,在东西方向上以50 m间隔放炮,共放101×201=20301炮,检波点在X=5000 m处排列成一条直线,在Y方向上在[1000, 9000]范围内以25 m间隔排列,共计321个检波点,采用射线追踪的方法获得每一个检波点对应的所有炮的初至走时.如图 5所示为第100个检波点对应的初至走时. 在获得初至走时后,检波点初始坐标在X、Y、Z三个方向都给定100 m误差,用本文所述方法进行二次定位计算,如图 6所示为第1个检波点第0次迭代、第10次迭代、第100次迭代后偏移距和初至时间散点图及其拟合曲线,由图可以看出随着迭代次数的增多,散点分布更加集中,曲线拟合程度更好.部分检波点二次定位结果如表 1所示,可见经过二次定位后所有检波点的定位误差都在1 m以内,精度极高.
为了验证本文方法在实际资料中的应用效果,选取了胜利油田某海域OBN资料一条接收线进行了试处理.由于海底洋流、捕鱼活动等影响,同一个检波器在不同时间所处的位置可能不同,如图 7红色方框部分所示,相同检波点不同时间采集的单炮初至形态发生了变化,说明这些检波点位置存在变动,因此需要分时段对检波点进行二次定位计算.时间段的划分可参考以下几种方式:(1)根据潮汐表进行时间段的划分;(2)根据OBN仪器中的姿态传感器中姿态角是否发生变化进行划分;(3)根据单炮分析的结果手动划分时间段.
在进行精细时间段划分之后,在地震数据处理系统中进行初至时间的精确拾取,然后用本文方法进行二次定位计算,如图 8所示为第7197号检波点二次定位前、迭代10次和迭代100次时初至走时和偏移距关系的散点图及其拟合曲线,由图可以看到,随着迭代次数的增加,散点分布更加集中,曲线拟合程度更好,变化趋势与模拟资料相同.同时采用行业内用来验证检波点坐标是否正确的线性动校正方法进行了验证,如图 9所示为第138218炮二次定位前后共检波点道集线性动校正图,由图中红色箭头部分可以看出,经过二次定位,共检波点道集初至同相轴更加水平,与理论情况更加相符.图 10为某一时间段内二次定位前后炮点和检波点位置对比图,从图中可以看出,部分检波点可能由于渔网拖拽等原因发生了严重偏移,如果不进行准确定位势必对成像效果产生严重影响.图 11为二次定位前后共检波点道集按照偏移距排序对比图,从图中可以看出,二次定位前由于部分检波点坐标误差较大,初至形态呈现参差不齐,而二次定位之后初至更加光滑,更符合实际情况.最后,对二次定位前后的地震数据进行叠加成像,结果如图 12所示,二者除了输入数据的检波点坐标不同之外,其他参数和流程完全相同.由图 12可以看出,由于检波点坐标发生变化,二次定位前后同一条CMP剖面的覆盖次数发生变化,且经过二次定位后,资料信噪比增高,地震同相轴连续性更好,分辨率更高,说明准确的检波点坐标对地震成像精度有着非常重要的作用.
针对常规的基于直达波走时二次定位方法不适用于浅水海域的问题,本文创新性提出了基于初至拟合的浅海检波点二次定位方法,通过曲线拟合初至与偏移距的关系作为理论走时,然后根据其与实际拾取走时之差作为检波点X、Y坐标调整依据,迭代进行直至收敛,最后以水深数据为约束计算检波点的Z坐标.模拟和实际资料验证了本文所提二次定位方法的精度,经过本文方法二次定位之后,共检波点道集线性动校正拉平效果更好,CMP道集初至形态更加合理,叠加剖面同相轴连续性更强、信噪比更高,表明该方法具有较高的生产应用价值.

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2026年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0058
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-23
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
  • 修回日期:2025-11-05
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    1中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司物探研究院,东营 257022
    2胜利石油管理局博士后科研工作站,东营 257000

通讯作者:

秦宁,女,1985年生,博士,研究员,主要从事地震资料处理、速度建模以及深度偏移等研究工作. E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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