Article(id=1311998539111170348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2509.25104, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741795200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734427478, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734427478, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734427478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734427478, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311998371833934610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, year='2026', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='1017', pageEnd='1326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734387596, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739443587, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1309, endPage=1326, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311998539350245677, articleId=1311998539111170348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=EN, title=Wind Damage and Causes of Extreme Winds Associated with the “5.30” Severe Wind Event in Beijing, columnId=1311998374337934099, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The downslope-enhanced convective storms in the Beijing urban area triggered destructive winds that reached 12 on the Beaufort scale from 1300 to 1600 (Beijing time. the same below) on May 30, 2024, causing severe damage, including the toppling of utility poles and large trees with a diameter at breast height exceeding 1 m. This study combines damage surveys with polarimetric Doppler weather radar observations to investigate the characteristics of the disaster and the physical processes associated with the severe winds. The results show that the destructive winds exhibited westward divergent patterns, with extreme winds generated by microbursts and downbursts on the sub-100-meter scale, reaching at least EF1 intensity and, locally, reaching EF2 intensity. Observational analyses reveal that enhanced low-level southwesterly winds and sustained convergence zones along the mountainous areas facilitated moisture accumulation in Beijing’s western foothills 1–2 h before the storms moved downslope, with the Global Positioning System observing increased precipitable water vapor. The downslope movement of the storms essentially resulted from gust fronts interacting with mountain-foot convergence zones, triggering new convective storms that rapidly developed into a squall line with reflectivity levels exceeding 55 dBZ within 18 min. Physical process analysis indicates that damaging winds in areas such as Bei’anhe were caused by downbursts embedded within cold pool-driven gust fronts. Extreme winds near Yuanmingyuan additionally involved a low-level γ-mesoscale vortex, whose path closely matched the severely damaged areas, demonstrating the direct impact of the vortex on localized wind intensification. The radar detected radial velocities reaching 53 m s−1 (at an altitude of 0.38 km) following velocity de-aliasing at 1430 BJT, together with features resembling tornadic debris, albeit with a relatively weak echo intensity. Quantitative estimation of different physical processes suggests that cold pool outflow contributed approximately 20 m s−1, whereas the low-level γ-mesoscale vortex and downbursts each enhanced near-surface winds by 15–18 m s−1.
, authors=Huan TANG
1, Xiuming WANG
1, Fen XU
2, Xiaoding YU
1, Yuehan ZHANG
1, authorsList=Huan TANG, Xiuming WANG, Fen XU, Xiaoding YU, Yuehan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuming WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311998542881849684, articleId=1311998539111170348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=CN, title=北京“5.30”大风灾损与强风成因研究, columnId=1311998374501511957, journalTitle=大气科学, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
2024年5月30日13~16时(北京时,下同),对流风暴下山加强引发了北京城区12级致灾性强风,导致电线杆、胸径为1 m以上大树倒伏,灾损严重。本研究结合灾情调查和偏振多普勒天气雷达探测资料,对灾损特点和强风形成物理过程开展研究。结果表明:致灾大风为偏西辐散型大风,极端强风由微下击暴流和百米以下尺度下击暴流条迹造成,灾损强度至少为EF1级,局地达EF2级。观测分析表明,风暴下山前1~2 h,增强的低层西南风及沿山地区辐合线的维持,有利于水汽在北京西部沿山地区聚集,地基全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,简称GPS)监测到水汽含量增加。对流风暴下山本质上是阵风锋与沿山辐合线相遇的强抬升触发新的对流风暴并快速发展,风暴下山后在18 min内迅速增强为回波强度超过55 dBZ的飑线。强风物理过程分析表明,北安河等地致灾强风由冷池驱动的阵风锋内嵌下击暴流造成;而圆明园附近极端强风在此基础上还叠加了低层γ中尺度涡旋,其移动路径与灾损严重区十分吻合,表明低层γ中尺度涡旋对局地性强风形成有直接影响。大兴雷达于14时30分探测圆明园退速度模糊后的径向速度达53 m s−1(距地高度0.38 km),并出现类似龙卷的残片特征,只是回波强度较弱。不同物理过程作用估计表明,冷池出流强度约20 m s−1,低层γ中尺度涡旋与下击暴流产生的近地面风速各约15~18 m s−1。
, authors=汤欢
1, 王秀明
1, 徐芬
2, 俞小鼎
1, 张悦含
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汤欢,女,博士,副高级工程师,主要从事强对流短临预报教学与研究。E-mail: tangh@cma.gov.cn
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Comparative analysis of damage surveys and observations with two different types of wind disaster [J]. Torrential Rain and Disasters (in Chinese), 39(4): 418−426. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2020.04.012, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998543099953493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998543108342102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, companyId=1311998543099953493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1中国气象局气象干部培训学院, 北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311998543183839576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998543192228185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, companyId=1311998543183839576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998543200616794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, companyId=1311998543183839576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2南京气象科技创新研究院, 南京210000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311998545629118844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Spatial distribution of surface observation stations, ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) stations, and radar stations in Beijing and the surrounding areas. Shaded areas represent terrain elevation (units: m), brown lines indicate the mountain–plain transition zone (500 m elevation contour), black dots denote automatic weather stations, blue dots represent ground-based GPS stations, orange pentagrams denote radar stations (Daxing S-band radar, Shunyi X-band radar, and Changping X-band radar), and the red pentagram indicates the severely affected area of Yuanmingyuan. The thick black solid line outlines the administrative boundary of the Beijing Municipality., figureFileSmall=p5H6pMEV9I/B04Eq286PGg==, figureFileBig=hdKGL9Ede7NUs0KA+7gkpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998545989828989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
北京及周边地区地面自动站、地基全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,简称GPS)站点和雷达站空间分布。其中阴影表示地形(单位:m),褐色线表示山区与平原交界线(地形高度500 m等值线),黑色圆点表示地面自动站,蓝色圆点表示地基GPS站点,橘色五角星表示大兴S波段、顺义X波段雷达和昌平X波段雷达站,红色五角星表示受灾严重地区——圆明园,粗黑色实线勾勒北京市行政区边界。, figureFileSmall=p5H6pMEV9I/B04Eq286PGg==, figureFileBig=hdKGL9Ede7NUs0KA+7gkpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546405065086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
(a, b) ERA5 reanalysis field at 1000 BJT May 30, 2024: (a) 500 hPa; (b) 850 hPa. The red rectangular box indicates the area of Fig. c; blue solid lines and black wind barbs represent the geopotential height field (units: gpm) and wind field (units: m s−1), respectively; shading in Fig.a indicates the equivalent potential temperature difference between 850 and 500 hPa (units: K), while in Fig.b represents total column water vapor (units: mm). (c) Spatial distribution of hourly extreme winds (≥17 m s−1) at national and regional stations during 1400 BJT (purple barbs), 1500 BJT (blue barbs), and 1600 BJT (orange barbs) May 30, 2024 in Beijing and the surrounding areas. Shading indicates 3 h accumulated precipitation from 1300 BJT to 1600 BJT (units: mm), the red pentagram denotes the severely affected area—Yuanmingyuan, the red dot indicates the Beijing sounding station, and red triangles mark three stations recording ≥12 Beaufort scale winds: Jimingyi Station (Zhangjiakou City), Bei’anhe Station (Haidian District), and Qianlingshan Station (Fengtai District). The black line outlines the administrative boundary of Beijing Municipality. (d) Skew-T Log-P diagram for Beijing at 0800 BJT May 30, 2024, showing surface temperature and dew point temperature at 1400 BJT., figureFileSmall=eGbLb6UZ0hAC6WZgpyYSAQ==, figureFileBig=UrNGeLWaBjynCC4L7uSG4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546488951167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
(a,b)2024年5月30日10时(北京时,下同)ERA5再分析场:(a)500 hPa;(b)850 hPa。红色实线方框标记区域与图2c范围一致,蓝色实线和黑色风杆表示位势高度场(单位:gpm)和风场(单位:m s−1),图a中阴影表示850 hPa和500 hPa的假相当位温差值(单位:K),图b中阴影代表大气整层可降水量(单位:mm)。(c)2024年5月30日北京及周边地区14时(紫色风杆,单位:m s−1)、15时(蓝色风杆,单位:m s−1)和16时(橘色风杆,单位:m s−1)的国家站和区域站小时极大风(超过17 m s−1)空间分布,阴影为13时至16时的3 h累积降水量(单位:mm),红色五角星表示受灾严重地区—圆明园,红色圆点表示北京探空站,红色三角形表示3处12级以上大风站点:张家口市鸡鸣驿站、海淀区北安河站以及丰台区千灵山站,黑色闭合线为北京市行政区边界。(d)2024年5月30日08时经14时地面气温和露点订正的北京探空图。, figureFileSmall=eGbLb6UZ0hAC6WZgpyYSAQ==, figureFileBig=UrNGeLWaBjynCC4L7uSG4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546593808768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
(a) Distribution of disaster impact points with field photographs; red icons denote wind disaster sites confirmed via field surveys, and purple icons indicate damage points verified via online videos and photographs. (b) Species composition and diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution of affected trees in Yuanmingyuan; red icons represent willow trees, yellow icons denote poplar trees, and blue icons indicate large trees with DBH ≥ 1 m., figureFileSmall=LPEkeaXcmvmH+7b5i7A6vg==, figureFileBig=Z9xXSKDEzDq0tAuEFOw3Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546690277761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
(a)灾损点分布和现场照片,其中红色图标表示经过现场调查确认的风灾点,紫色图标表示经过网络视频与照片确定的灾损点;(b)圆明园受灾树木种类和胸径分布,其中红色图标表示柳树,黄色图标表示杨树,蓝色图标表示胸径为1 m的大树。, figureFileSmall=LPEkeaXcmvmH+7b5i7A6vg==, figureFileBig=Z9xXSKDEzDq0tAuEFOw3Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546757386626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Distribution of tree fall orientations in Yuanmingyuan and its vicinity after the wind disaster (a, b), and the dual-scale flow patterns characterized by these orientations (c). Numerals in the diagram indicate azimuth angles (°), red arrows represent the inferred wind direction based on tree fall patterns, purple lines denote approximate flow fields, and blue circles indicate downburst track segments., figureFileSmall=X7THHv3UJhL1IDaXeivJhQ==, figureFileBig=j6enLHAvoVFk8CJ+Gjmuhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546828689795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
圆明园及周边地区风灾后树木倒伏方向分布(a,b)及其所表征的两种尺度流场(c)。其中图中的数字表示方位角,红色箭头表示根据树木倒伏方向判断出的风向,紫色线表示大致流场,蓝色圆圈表示下击暴流条迹。, figureFileSmall=X7THHv3UJhL1IDaXeivJhQ==, figureFileBig=j6enLHAvoVFk8CJ+Gjmuhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546904187268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Horizontal divergence (blue dashed contours, units: 10−4 s−1) calculated from 2 min average surface winds and composite reflectivity (shaded, units: dBZ) at the nearest observation time for (a) 1300 BJT, (b) 1320 BJT, (c) 1330 BJT, (d) 1400 BJT, (e) 1405 BJT, (f) 1410 BJT, (g) 1420 BJT, (h) 1425 BJT, (i) 1430 BJT, (j) 1425 BJT, (k) 1435 BJT, (l) 1440 BJT May 30, 2024. Black barbs denote 0.15 km above ground level wind vectors from 10 min interval Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS) data. The black rectangle denotes the key downslope intensification zone (39.7°–40.5°N, 115.7°–116.5°E). Brown lines indicate the mountain–plain transition (500 m elevation contour). The black pentagram denotes Yuanmingyuan, and the black triangle represents the Bei’anhe automatic weather station. Thick red lines A and B indicate boundary layer convergence lines and gust fronts analyzed from VDRAS data., figureFileSmall=K5SbAQorp+669C65FEjxEA==, figureFileBig=AVVNtbwqWoou1yxGVU1aZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998546983879045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
2024年5月30日(a)13:00、(b)13:20、(c)13:30、(d)14:00、(e)14:05、(f)14:10、(g)14:20、(h)14:25、(i)14:30、(j)14:25、(k)14:35、(l)14:40地面2 min平均水平风计算的散度(蓝色虚线,单位:10−4 s−1)和最近时刻的组合反射率因子(阴影,单位:dBZ)。图中黑色箭头表示10 min间隔的变分多普勒雷达分析系统(Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System,简称VDRAS)资料在0.15 km AGL 的风矢量,黑色方框表示下山加强关键区(39.7°~40.5°N,115.7°~116.5°E),褐色线表示山区与平原交界线(地形高度500 m等值线),黑色五角星表示圆明园,黑色三角形表示北安河自动站。图中红色粗线A和B表示基于VDRAS资料分析的边界层辐合线和阵风锋。, figureFileSmall=K5SbAQorp+669C65FEjxEA==, figureFileBig=AVVNtbwqWoou1yxGVU1aZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998547088736646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
(a) Storm evolution characteristics in the downslope intensification zone (the black rectangle in Fig. 5) over Beijing. Solid red lines denote areas with composite reflectivity ≥35 dBZ, dashed red lines indicate ≥45 dBZ echo coverage (units: km2; 6 min interval). Green bars represent mean GPS precipitable water vapor within the key zone (units: mm; 30 min interval). Purple bars show mean hourly precipitation (units: mm; 1 h interval). (b) Vertical wind profiles from 1200 BJT to 1800 BJT measured using the Haidian Wind Profile Radar., figureFileSmall=ZaWRzjjKLjA4FS7dHyEUpg==, figureFileBig=GlDA5fTjRc+fcLcWnQUdVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998547256508807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
(a)北京地区下山加强关键区(图5中的黑色方框)风暴演变特征,其中红色实线和红色虚线表示关键区内组合反射率因子≥35 dBZ和≥45 dBZ回波面积(单位:km2,时间间隔为6 min),绿色柱子表示关键区内平均GPS可降水量(单位:mm,时间间隔为30 min),紫色柱子表示平均1 h降水量(单位:mm),时间间隔为1 h。(b)海淀风廓线雷达12~18时水平风随高度变化。, figureFileSmall=ZaWRzjjKLjA4FS7dHyEUpg==, figureFileBig=GlDA5fTjRc+fcLcWnQUdVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998547352977800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Surface observations of the past 30-min temperature/pressure changes and GPS precipitation water vapor increment (units: mm) at (a) 1330 BJT, (b) 1400 BJT, (c) 1430 BJT, (d) 1500 BJT. Shading indicates 30 min temperature change (units: °C). Red dashed lines denote negative pressure tendency and red solid lines indicate positive pressure tendency (units: hPa, contour interval: 0.5 hPa). Wind barbs represent 2 min average surface winds at the observation time (long barb: 4 m s−1; short barb: 2 m s−1)., figureFileSmall=CfzuHcFYVcAn3ZtD2+nMBA==, figureFileBig=aA8s1/99AmQWJwkUM6eqwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998547462029705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
(a)13:30、(b)14:00、(c)14:30和(d)15:00地面自动站加密观测的过去30 min变温变压和30 min GPS水汽增加量(彩色圆点,单位:mm)。阴影表示过去30 min变温(单位:℃);红色虚线(实线)表示过去30 min负(正)变压(单位:hPa,变压间隔0.5 hPa);风杆表示当前时刻地面2 min平均水平风(长杆:4 m s−1;短杆:2 m s−1)。, figureFileSmall=CfzuHcFYVcAn3ZtD2+nMBA==, figureFileBig=aA8s1/99AmQWJwkUM6eqwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998547688522122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
(a, d, g) 0.5° elevation radial velocity (V, units: m s−1) obtained by the Daxing Radar from 1418 BJT to 1430 BJT. Vertical cross sections along the radar radial passing through the maximum wind (yellow line) for (b, e, h) base reflectivity factor (R, units: dBZ) and (c, f, i) radial velocity (V, units: m s−1), where the cross sections at 1418 BJT and 1424 BJT pass through Bei’anhe are also shown. The black circles in (d) and (g) denote low-level γ-mesoscale vortices (LMVs). Blue squares and circles denote Bei’anhe and Yuanmingyuan., figureFileSmall=xsklOb1L0Al9ptJvibUC2Q==, figureFileBig=X0WMNyjOcF7wf/p/CU4LJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548099563915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
大兴雷达14时18分至30分的(a,d,g)0.5°仰角径向速度(V,单位:m s−1),沿雷达径向过极大风(黄色线)的(b,e,h)基本反射率因子(R,单位:dBZ)和(c,f,i)径向速度(V,单位:m s−1)的垂直剖面。其中14时18分和14时24分的剖面经过北安河,图(d)和(g)黑色圆圈表示低层γ中尺度涡旋(Low-level γ-mesoscale vortices,简称LMV)。蓝色方框和圆圈分别表示北安河和圆明园。, figureFileSmall=xsklOb1L0Al9ptJvibUC2Q==, figureFileBig=X0WMNyjOcF7wf/p/CU4LJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548200227212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
(a–c) Radial velocity (V, units: m s−1) at 0.5° elevation obtained from Daxing Radar during the period 1424–1436 BJT. (d–f) Radial velocity (V, units: m s−1) at 2.4° elevation from Changping Radar during the period 1427–1433 BJT. (g–i) Radial velocity (V, units: m s−1) at 2.4° elevation from Shunyi Radar during the period 1433–1439 BJT. Black circles denote low-level γ-mesoscale vortices (LMV), blue squares and circles denote Bei’anhe and Yuanmingyuan., figureFileSmall=BYAvfSk+Pao2HTeP4GKl6g==, figureFileBig=gn6AFaEm7Q5PeFV7YKbCuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548267336077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
(a–c)大兴雷达在14时24分至36分的0.5°仰角径向速度(V,单位:m s−1);(d–f)昌平雷达在14时27分至33分的2.4°仰角径向速度(V,单位:m s−1);(g–i)顺义雷达在14时33分至39分的2.4°仰角径向速度(V,单位:m s−1)。黑色圆圈表示LMV,蓝色方框和圆圈分别表示北安河和圆明园, figureFileSmall=BYAvfSk+Pao2HTeP4GKl6g==, figureFileBig=gn6AFaEm7Q5PeFV7YKbCuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548347027854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Temporal evolution of (a) vertical extent (units: km) and (b) rotational velocity (units: m s−1) of low-level γ-mesoscale vortices (LMV) detected by the Daxing, Changping, and Shunyi radars. Symbols: circles (Daxing Radar), squares (Changping Radar), triangles (Shunyi Radar). Red indicates the height at the LMV top, blue denotes the height at the LMV base. Green represents the rotational velocity at the LMV top, and orange shows the rotational velocity at the LMV base. Solid symbols: S-band radar, hollow symbols: X-band radar., figureFileSmall=PV7tCJtEwW/LVXlJt7omdw==, figureFileBig=FsxoU/XwVRBt6MvYhPc+yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548518994319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
大兴、昌平、顺义雷达探测的LMV(a)伸展高度(单位:km)和(b)旋转速度(单位:m s−1)随时间的演变,其中圆形表示大兴雷达,方框表示昌平雷达,三角形表示顺义雷达,红色表示LMV顶部对应的高度,蓝色表示LMV底部对应的高度,绿色表示LMV顶部对应的旋转速度,橙色表示LMV底部对应的旋转速度,S波段为实心,X波段为空心表示。, figureFileSmall=PV7tCJtEwW/LVXlJt7omdw==, figureFileBig=FsxoU/XwVRBt6MvYhPc+yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548586103184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Low-level γ-mesoscale vortices (LMV) trajectory and documented severe disaster impacts. Yellow icons with red circles denote the lowest-level center and core diameter (units: km) of LMV detected by the Daxing Radar. Green icons with black circles represent the lowest-level center and core diameter (units: km) jointly detected by the Changping and Shunyi radars. Blue text indicates the time, height (units: km), and magnitude (units: m s−1) of the maximum radial velocity measured at 0.5° elevation by the Daxing Radar. Blue icons mark downburst occurrences. Red and purple icons signify disaster impact points verified via field surveys and social media evidence, respectively (consistent with Fig. 3a)., figureFileSmall=6fsCdjejOD1Ddf7HbkF8NQ==, figureFileBig=59beiHnZvIOXvdvRfxu1sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548657406353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
LMV移动路径及有记录的严重灾情。黄色图标和红色圈为大兴雷达探测的LMV最低层中心位置和核区直径(单位:km);绿色图标和黑色圈为昌平、顺义雷达探测的LMV最低层中心位置和核区直径(单位:km);蓝色文字表示大兴雷达在0.5°仰角探测最大径向速度的时间、高度(单位:km)和径向速度值(单位:m s−1);蓝色图标表示下击暴流;红色和紫色图标分别表示经过现场调查确认和网络视频与照片确定的灾损点(同图3a)。, figureFileSmall=6fsCdjejOD1Ddf7HbkF8NQ==, figureFileBig=59beiHnZvIOXvdvRfxu1sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548724515218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Polarimetric parameters of the vortex at different elevation angles as characterized by the Daxing Radar at 1430 BJT. Rows 1–5 sequentially show: (1) Base reflectivity factor (R, units: dBZ); (2) radial velocity (V, units: m s−1); (3) differential reflectivity (ZDR, units: dB); (4) correlation coefficient (CC); (5) specific differential phase (KDP, units: deg km−1). Purple circles denote the LMV; black polygons indicate the downburst at 0.5° elevation; blue circles denote Yuanmingyuan., figureFileSmall=F56vy+mhGbV5HJRCoB6NBg==, figureFileBig=hoapow++7Zn9Xbb9vAOVWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548804206995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
大兴雷达14时30分LMV不同仰角的偏振参数特征,第1~5行依次为基本反射率因子R(单位:dBZ)、径向速度V(单位:m s−1)、差分反射率ZDR(Differential reflectivity,单位:dB)、相关系数CC(Correlation coefficient)和差分传播相移率KDP(Specific Differential Phase,单位:deg km−1),其中紫色圆圈表示LMV范围,黑色多边形表示0.5°仰角下击暴流范围,蓝色圆圈表示圆明园, figureFileSmall=F56vy+mhGbV5HJRCoB6NBg==, figureFileBig=hoapow++7Zn9Xbb9vAOVWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548917453204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Conceptual model showing the damaging wind genesis mechanism during the “5.30” Yuanmingyuan severe wind event in Beijing., figureFileSmall=IizNCtAKjuR2bS5Z9b5cXw==, figureFileBig=KMYap8t5uBOTZTiG12uzGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998548980367765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998539111170348, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
北京“5.30”圆明园强风成因概念模型。, figureFileSmall=IizNCtAKjuR2bS5Z9b5cXw==, figureFileBig=KMYap8t5uBOTZTiG12uzGg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1311385095715782771, delFlag=0, nameCn=大气科学, nameEn=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1006-9895, eissn=null, cn=11-1768/O4, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=LP50vgRD4hM0fI04zyL4ig==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1790588171177, updatedTime=1790588695815, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, 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