Article(id=1311998479094870367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2511.25074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734413168, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734413168, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734413168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734413168, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311998371833934610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, year='2026', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='1017', pageEnd='1326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734387596, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739443587, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1221, endPage=1238, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311998479283614048, articleId=1311998479094870367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=EN, title=Application of S-band and X-band Radars in Quantitative Precipitation Estimation to Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, columnId=1311998374337934099, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
As urbanization accelerates, hazards including flash floods, debris flows, and urban inundation are becoming more frequent and severe, with escalating social disruption and economic losses. A scientific and effective radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product is essential for enhancing the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of extreme precipitation, which is of great value to current disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. This study used data from a single S-band dual-polarization radar and six X-band dual-polarization phased array radars in Jiaxing to develop S-band and X-band radar QPE products for the region. After preprocessing the radar observation data, including removing nonmeteorological echoes and performing quality control of the differential propagation phase, the effective minimum hybrid elevation for each radar was calculated. Then, the rain rate was estimated using single radar observations and raindrop size distribution parameters provided by the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite (GPM-DPR). Finally, the rain rate was mosaicked for multiple radars, forming a gridded QPE product with a temporal resolution of 1 min and a spatial resolution of 50 m. To verify the accuracy of the proposed method, two heavy precipitation events that occurred on 10 and 16 September 2024, in the Jiaxing area were selected to evaluate the radar QPE products. The evaluated products included the original Jiaxing X-band QPE product and the X-band, S-band, and mosaic products developed in this study. The results show that the proposed QPE products outperform the original X-band product in terms of accuracy and stability, with the mosaic product yielding the best estimation result. For localized heavy rainfall with horizontally inhomogeneous distribution, the mosaicking product accurately reflects the precipitation distribution across various towns (subdistricts), contributing to the early issuance of accurate warnings.
, authors=Qiulin ZHOU
1, Youcun QI
2, 3, Ziwei ZHU
2, 3, Jinyu XU
2, 3, Ben ZHA
4, Yuting FEI
5, authorsList=Qiulin ZHOU, Youcun QI, Ziwei ZHU, Jinyu XU, Ben ZHA, Yuting FEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Youcun QI, Ben ZHA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311998487055659417, articleId=1311998479094870367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=CN, title=浙江省嘉兴市S和X波段雷达在定量降水估测中的应用, columnId=1311998374501511957, journalTitle=大气科学, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
随着城市化进程的加快,山洪、泥石流、城市内涝等灾害呈现多发、重发的趋势,其所带来的社会影响和经济损失也越来越严重。因此,研发一套科学有效的雷达定量降水估计(QPE)方法,强化极端降水的监测、预报和预警,对当前防灾减灾工作具有极其重要的价值。本文利用浙江省嘉兴市1部S波段双偏振雷达和6部X波段双偏振相控阵雷达探测资料,研发了嘉兴市S波段和X波段雷达QPE产品。在对雷达观测资料进行非气象回波去除和差分传播相移的质量控制等预处理后,首先计算每部雷达的有效最低混合仰角;其次通过全球降水测量卫星搭载的双频降水雷达(GPM-DPR)提供的雨滴谱参数统计降水反演参数,计算单站雷达QPE;最后对S波段和X波段雷达QPE进行组网拼图,形成时间分辨率为1 min,空间分辨率为50 m的网格化QPE产品。为了验证所用方法的准确性,选取嘉兴地区2024年9月10日与16日两次典型的强降水过程对雷达QPE产品进行评估,参与评估的产品有嘉兴业务原X波段QPE产品,以及本方法产生的X波段、S波段、S波段和X波段融合QPE产品。结果表明,本方法研发的各项QPE产品,在精度和稳定性上都优于嘉兴业务原有X波段产品,其中S波段和X波段融合QPE产品各项性能最优。针对水平分布不均和局地性强的过程,S波段和X波段融合QPE产品可以较为精确地反映出各镇(街道)的降水分布,可用于实际精细化预警参考。
, authors=周秋林
1, 戚友存
2, 3, 朱自伟
2, 3, 许金玉
2, 3, 查贲
4, 费雨婷
5, authorsList=周秋林, 戚友存, 朱自伟, 许金玉, 查贲, 费雨婷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=戚友存, 查贲, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
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1, address=
1Jiaxing Meteorological Bureau, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311998487978406317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, authorId=1311998487827411370, language=CN, stringName=周秋林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1浙江省嘉兴市气象局, 嘉兴314000, bio={"content":"
周秋林,女,高级工程师,主要从事行业气象服务和雷达应用研究。E-mail: qiulin_first@163.com
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周秋林,女,高级工程师,主要从事行业气象服务和雷达应用研究。E-mail: qiulin_first@163.com
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2, 3, address=
2Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311998488192315827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, authorId=1311998488049709487, language=CN, stringName=戚友存, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, 3, address=
2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京100101
3中国科学院大学, 北京100049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998487475089821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998487479284126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, companyId=1311998487475089821, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2, 3, address=
2Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311998488456556985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, authorId=1311998488255230389, language=CN, stringName=朱自伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, 3, address=
2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京100101
3中国科学院大学, 北京100049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998487475089821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998487479284126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, companyId=1311998487475089821, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311998490285273535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, authorId=1311998488519471547, language=CN, stringName=许金玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, 3, address=
2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京100101
3中国科学院大学, 北京100049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998487475089821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998487479284126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, companyId=1311998487475089821, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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4Zhejiang Meteorological Service Center, Hangzhou 310017, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311998490713092548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, authorId=1311998490394325441, language=CN, stringName=查贲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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4浙江省气象服务中心, 杭州310017, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998487655444899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998487663833508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, companyId=1311998487655444899, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Distribution of the radar network in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province., figureFileSmall=Tfe2B+phMJVq+iE5kggMjA==, figureFileBig=J4krjY+31AOb21QeKXbWxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998491723919827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
浙江省嘉兴市雷达组网的分布。, figureFileSmall=Tfe2B+phMJVq+iE5kggMjA==, figureFileBig=J4krjY+31AOb21QeKXbWxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998491895886292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Flow chart of QPE (quantitative precipitation estimation) for (a) S-band radar, (b) X-band radar, (c) the mosaic products of S-band radar and X-band radar., figureFileSmall=UzNOI+CL/cfeYjDrfZnRdA==, figureFileBig=VLizVGgOScgiNlrdc8HYXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998491967189461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
(a)S波段雷达、(b)X波段雷达、(c)S波段雷达和X波段雷达融合产品定量降水估计流程。, figureFileSmall=UzNOI+CL/cfeYjDrfZnRdA==, figureFileBig=VLizVGgOScgiNlrdc8HYXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492059464150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
(a) Terrain, (b) hybrid elevation, (c) terrain blockage at 0.5° elevation for S-band radar (Z9573) in Jiaxing City., figureFileSmall=gmFoKYWK124ECC8yYzL82g==, figureFileBig=IXudfp9apvmI/45+9BEn+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492134961623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
嘉兴市S波段雷达Z9573覆盖范围内的(a)地形、(b)混合仰角和(c)0.5°仰角地形遮挡。, figureFileSmall=gmFoKYWK124ECC8yYzL82g==, figureFileBig=IXudfp9apvmI/45+9BEn+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492193681880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
(a) Terrain, (b) hybrid elevation, (c) terrain blockage at 0.9° elevation, (d) terrain blockage at 1.8° elevation for X-band radar (ZK551) in Jiaxing City., figureFileSmall=ezSp3Bi6jQ85WtC26ONGMA==, figureFileBig=QmZyeWqle7dZwYSCouP4Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492285956569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
嘉兴市X波段雷达ZK551覆盖范围内的(a)地形、(b)混合仰角、(c)0.9°仰角地形遮挡和(d)1.8°仰角地形遮挡。, figureFileSmall=ezSp3Bi6jQ85WtC26ONGMA==, figureFileBig=QmZyeWqle7dZwYSCouP4Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492348871130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Flowchart of the hybrid QPE algorithm., figureFileSmall=O17TrF5oMh43LOFtfxA0OQ==, figureFileBig=Y4TYa2yXeuZAW3Vbwh5L9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492411785691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
QPE混合反演算法流程。, figureFileSmall=O17TrF5oMh43LOFtfxA0OQ==, figureFileBig=Y4TYa2yXeuZAW3Vbwh5L9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492470505948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
(a) Cumulated QPE (shadings, units: mm) from original X-band radar, cumulated QPE (shadings, units: mm) from new (b) X-band radar, (c) S-band radar, (d) mosaic products of S-band radar and X-band radar, (e–h) the scatter plots of four types of QPE products and rainfall observed rain gauges from 1500 BJT (Beijing time) 10 September to 0200 BJT 11 September 2024. In Figs. a–d, color dots indicate the locations of rain gauges. In Figs. e–f, PAIRS, CC, RME, and RMSE indicate the number of paired samples, correlation coefficient, relative mean error, root mean square error, respectively. In Figs. e–f, PAIRS indicates the number of paired samples in which both the radar-estimated rainfall and the rain-gauge observations are greater than 0.1 mm., figureFileSmall=Zt0KgLh44bRtzBMzQVzurQ==, figureFileBig=tJvTCs2/3z0t8pBvPWwJCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492558586333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
2024年9月10日15:00(北京时,下同)至11日02:00累积的(a)业务原有X波段雷达QPE产品,新的(b)X波段、(c)S波段、(d)S波段和X波段雷达融合QPE产品空间分布(彩色阴影,单位:mm),(e–h)雷达QPE产品与雨量站观测降水量的散点图。图a–d中,彩色圆点表示地面雨量站的位置。图e–f中,PAIRS表示雷达估算与站点观测均超过0.1 mm的匹配样本数。, figureFileSmall=Zt0KgLh44bRtzBMzQVzurQ==, figureFileBig=tJvTCs2/3z0t8pBvPWwJCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492629889502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The scatter plots of hourly precipitation from rain gauges and QPE products from (a) original X-band radar, (b) new X-band radar, (c) new S-band radar, (d) mosaic products of new S-band radar and new X-band radar in Jiaxing area from 1500 BJT 10 September to 0200 BJT 11 September 2024., figureFileSmall=GZ4z5U8KcJ8VvSROj3zyJw==, figureFileBig=baRss9+bcXQjDvnWZNI6DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492709581279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
2024年9月10日15:00至11日02:00嘉兴地区雨量站观测的小时降水量和(a)业务原有X波段雷达QPE产品,新的(b)X波段、(c)S波段、(d)S波段和X波段雷达融合QPE产品散点图。, figureFileSmall=GZ4z5U8KcJ8VvSROj3zyJw==, figureFileBig=baRss9+bcXQjDvnWZNI6DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492789273056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
(a) CC (correlation coefficient), (b) RMSE (root mean square error), (c) RME (relative mean error) between QPE products and precipitation from rain gauges from 1500 BJT 10 September to 0200 BJT 11 September 2024., figureFileSmall=8Z57gMiBrcmaJ8AD5crz2A==, figureFileBig=bri2bz5ZosoI8JSl0T1RNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492856381921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
2024年9月10日15:00至11日02:00各QPE产品与雨量站观测的降水量的(a)相关系数(CC)、(b)均方根误差(RMSE)、(c)相对平均偏差(RME)。, figureFileSmall=8Z57gMiBrcmaJ8AD5crz2A==, figureFileBig=bri2bz5ZosoI8JSl0T1RNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998492927685090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
As in Fig. 6, but for the results of 0900 BJT–2000 BJT 16 September 2024., figureFileSmall=FSszAA1LblfrRQW/TRqPgQ==, figureFileBig=saOFss6UaKWRlmSr/yxWCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998493007376867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
同图6,但为2024年9月16日09:00~20:00的结果。, figureFileSmall=FSszAA1LblfrRQW/TRqPgQ==, figureFileBig=saOFss6UaKWRlmSr/yxWCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998493082874340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
As in Fig. 7, but for the results of 0900 BJT–2000 BJT 16 September 2024., figureFileSmall=LlO29B2K8hZptJUSY0cQWQ==, figureFileBig=r+Pf/+f0ZJ7iKsm3RIqtfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998494718652901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
同图7,但为2024年9月16日09:00~20:00的结果。, figureFileSmall=LlO29B2K8hZptJUSY0cQWQ==, figureFileBig=r+Pf/+f0ZJ7iKsm3RIqtfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998494794150374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
As in Fig. 8, but for the results of 0900 BJT–2000 BJT 16 September 2024., figureFileSmall=ojuizs0ySwyXTsa8vrW8Ug==, figureFileBig=puF1JTmcQTAHCO5aB7SiYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998494861259239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
同图8,但为2024年9月16日09:00~20:00的结果。, figureFileSmall=ojuizs0ySwyXTsa8vrW8Ug==, figureFileBig=puF1JTmcQTAHCO5aB7SiYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998494932562408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
(a) Areal rainfall from rain gauges, QPE products from new (b) X-band radar, (c) S-band radar, (d) mosaic products of S-band radar and X-band radar, (e–g) scatter plots of QPE products and precipitation from rain gauges in Jiaxing area from 1800 BJT to 1900 BJT 10 September 2024. In Figs. e–g, PAIRS, CC, RME, and RMSE indicate the number of towns/subdistricts with rain gauges, correlation coefficient, relative mean error, root mean square error, respectively. In Figs. e–g, PAIRS indicates the number of scatter points., figureFileSmall=nnxc1RUEpsVBV9J5NjQavA==, figureFileBig=tDS9C2iKbjs//0xopAxz0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998495003865577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
2024年9月10日18:00~19:00嘉兴地区(a)雨量计观测的面雨量,(b)X波段、(c)S波段、(d)S波段和X波段融合雷达面雨量QPE,及(e–g)QPE和雨量站降水散点图。图e–g中,PAIRS表示散点数。, figureFileSmall=nnxc1RUEpsVBV9J5NjQavA==, figureFileBig=tDS9C2iKbjs//0xopAxz0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998495066780138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
As in Fig. 12, but for the results of 1400 BJT–1500 BJT 16 September 2024., figureFileSmall=XrjnR9Jb7YdNgjGmov7AAA==, figureFileBig=UnosjFK70QC2QIUcFNb0eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998495133889003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
同图12,但为2024年9月16日14:00~15:00的结果。, figureFileSmall=XrjnR9Jb7YdNgjGmov7AAA==, figureFileBig=UnosjFK70QC2QIUcFNb0eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998495196803564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Parameters of S-band radar and X-band radars in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷达 名称 | 时间分 辨率/min | 空间分 辨率/m | 角度分 辨率/(°) | 扫描仰 角数 | 最低扫描 仰角/(°) | 最大探测 距离/km |
| Z9573 | 6 | 125 | 0.95 | 9 | 0.5 | 460 |
| ZK551 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK552 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK553 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK554 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK555 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK556 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
), ArticleFig(id=1311998495276495341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
浙江省嘉兴市S波段雷达和X波段雷达的参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷达 名称 | 时间分 辨率/min | 空间分 辨率/m | 角度分 辨率/(°) | 扫描仰 角数 | 最低扫描 仰角/(°) | 最大探测 距离/km |
| Z9573 | 6 | 125 | 0.95 | 9 | 0.5 | 460 |
| ZK551 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK552 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK553 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK554 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK555 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
| ZK556 | 1 | 30 | 0.9 | 40 | 0.9 | 75 |
), ArticleFig(id=1311998495339409902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Parameters of QPE for S-band and X-band radars obtained from DSD (raindrop size distribution)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 雷达波段 | 反演关系 | a | b | c |
| S波段 | $ R({Z}_{\text{H}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b} $ | 0.0385 | 0.6310 | / |
$ R({Z}_{\text{H}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 0.0072 | 0.8944 | −3.284 |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b} $ | 45.02 | 0.768 | / |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 82.79 | 0.9117 | −1.6572 |
| X波段 | $ R({Z}_{\text{H}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b} $ | 0.0875 | 0.5390 | / |
$ R({Z}_{\text{H}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 0.0068 | 0.9539 | −4.4412 |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b} $ | 16.93 | 0.8010 | / |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 23.75 | 0.9223 | −1.0530 |
), ArticleFig(id=1311998495410713071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998479094870367, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基于雨滴谱统计的S波段与X波段雷达QPE参数表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 雷达波段 | 反演关系 | a | b | c |
| S波段 | $ R({Z}_{\text{H}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b} $ | 0.0385 | 0.6310 | / |
$ R({Z}_{\text{H}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 0.0072 | 0.8944 | −3.284 |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b} $ | 45.02 | 0.768 | / |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 82.79 | 0.9117 | −1.6572 |
| X波段 | $ R({Z}_{\text{H}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b} $ | 0.0875 | 0.5390 | / |
$ R({Z}_{\text{H}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{Z}_{\text{H}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 0.0068 | 0.9539 | −4.4412 |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b} $ | 16.93 | 0.8010 | / |
$ R({K}_{\text{DP}},{Z}_{\text{DR}})=a{K}_{\text{DP}}{}^{b}{Z}_{\text{DR}}{}^{c} $ | 23.75 | 0.9223 | −1.0530 |
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