Article(id=1311998554164519618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2509.25041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741449600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734431066, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734431066, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734431066, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734431066, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311998371833934610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, year='2026', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='1017', pageEnd='1326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734387596, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739443587, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1117, endPage=1134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311998555028546244, articleId=1311998554164519618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=EN, title=Impact Analysis of Intraseasonal Oscillation Signals on the Compound High Temperature–Drought Event in Southwestern China Between August and September 2024, columnId=1311998374337934099, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Southwestern China experienced a typical compound heat–drought event between mid-August and mid-September 2024, which significantly impacted the local economy and livelihoods. In this region, such compound events are related to intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) originating from different areas. However, conventional statistical methods fail to distinguish the specific contributions of various ISOs to these extreme conditions. Using atmospheric-circulation diagnostics and numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with varying-ISO-signal-driven boundary forcings, this study reveals the following: the ISO signal induced by a mid-latitude westerly wave train in the upper troposphere increased the regional average temperature by 1.331°C in Southwestern China, primarily affecting the northern part of the region. This ISO signal accounted for 62.8% of the overall compound heat–drought event. The ISO signal associated with a middle-tropospheric teleconnection wave train increased regional average temperatures by 0.768°C. This impact is mainly concentrated in the eastern Sichuan Basin and most of Chongqing, accounting for 37.2% of the event. The development of this compound event was predominantly influenced by a mid-latitude westerly wave train from the northwestern boundary. This promoted the significant expansion of the South Asian High over Southwestern China, resulting in strong positive geopotential height anomalies. Simultaneously, warm advection due to the westward extension and northward shift of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High, coupled with positive tropospheric geopotential height anomalies, contributed to regional temperature increases and decreased soil moisture. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms driving compound heat–drought events in Southwestern China, providing a foundation for improving subseasonal-prediction capabilities.

, authors=Yonghua LI1, Haonan JI2, Yingying BAI1, Bo XIANG1, Juanxiong HE3, authorsList=Yonghua LI, Haonan JI, Yingying BAI, Bo XIANG, Juanxiong HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311998568760697570, articleId=1311998554164519618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=CN, title=ISO信号对2024年8~9月中国西南地区高温干旱复合灾害事件的影响分析, columnId=1311998374501511957, journalTitle=大气科学, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

2024年8月中旬至9月中旬,中国西南地区出现了一次典型的高温干旱复合灾害事件,对当地经济和人民生活造成了较大影响。西南地区的高温干旱复合灾害事件与来自不同地区的季节内振荡(Intraseasonal Oscillations,简称ISO)有关,然而常规统计分析不能区分不同ISO对高温干旱复合灾害的特定作用,本文通过大气环流特征诊断并进行不同ISO信号驱动的WRF侧边界强迫数值模拟试验,分析发现:本次过程由对流层高层的中纬度西风带波列引起的ISO信号导致西南地区区域平均升温1.331°C,主要影响西南地区北部,该ISO信号对整个区域高温干旱贡献率为62.8%;对流层中层的遥相关波列引起的ISO信号造成西南地区区域平均升温0.768°C,主要影响区域集中在四川东部及重庆大部地区,此ISO信号对整个区域高温干旱事件贡献率达37.2%。此次西南地区高温干旱复合灾害发展主要受来自西北边界的中纬度西风带波列的影响,使得南亚高压显著发展并控制西南地区造成位势高度正异常;同时,受来自西北太平洋副热带高压西伸北抬影响下的暖平流作用影响,伴随对流层的位势高度场正异常,引起了区域性温度升高及土壤湿润度的下降。本研究有助于更好地了解西南地区高温干旱复合灾害的成因,并为提高该区域次季节预测水平提供基础。

, authors=李永华1, 季豪楠2, 白莹莹1, 向波1, 何卷雄3, authorsList=李永华, 季豪楠, 白莹莹, 向波, 何卷雄, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

李永华,男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事气候与气候变化研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), 48(1): 26−36. doi:10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.20240911002, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998570039960291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998570056737508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, companyId=1311998570039960291, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chongqing Climate Center/China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy/Geleshan National Climate Observatory, Chongqing 401147), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998570077709029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, companyId=1311998570039960291, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆市气候中心/中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室/歌乐山国家气候观象台,重庆 401147)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311998570891404007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998570903986920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, companyId=1311998570891404007, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster & Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998570912375529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, companyId=1311998570891404007, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京 210044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311998570996261611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998571008844524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, companyId=1311998570996261611, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Institute of Atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998571029816045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, companyId=1311998570996261611, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京 100029)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311998580517331733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Topographic map of the study area (26~34°N, 102~109°E) in this paper. The shadings indicate terrain height (units: m)., figureFileSmall=9tTIVjxVW+3bFwixCiAY9A==, figureFileBig=lad3Pxtue7dSA58K3OZFkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998580634772246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图1, caption=本文研究区域(26~34°N,102~109°E)地形图,填色为地形高度(单位:m)。, figureFileSmall=9tTIVjxVW+3bFwixCiAY9A==, figureFileBig=lad3Pxtue7dSA58K3OZFkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998580924179223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distributions of (a) high-temperature (≥35°C) day anomalies (units: d) and (b) precipitation anomaly percentage over southwestern China from August 11 to September 21, 2024. Variations of (c) regional average temperature anomalies (units: °C) and (d) precipitation percentage anomalies for the same period from 1961 to 2024., figureFileSmall=6Asfrn+hsjvmBTzyonA9IQ==, figureFileBig=lNNjfl/noGaznVTG/uuB0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998581041619736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2024年8月11日至9月21日西南地区(a)高温(≥35°C)日数距平(单位:d)和(b)降水量距平百分率分布以及1961~2024年逐年同期(c)区域平均气温距平(单位:°C)和(d)降水量距平百分率的变化。, figureFileSmall=6Asfrn+hsjvmBTzyonA9IQ==, figureFileBig=lNNjfl/noGaznVTG/uuB0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998581364581145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=(a, d) Climatological mean of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), (b, e) distributions of NDVI, (c, f) NDVI anomalies relative to the multi-year climatological mean from August 13 to August 28 (top line) and from August 29 to September 13 (bottom line), 2024., figureFileSmall=/UpZKoICx18Q4zquWNbGYw==, figureFileBig=TPvWeKsArXTUSH/9hskjoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998581465244442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2024年8月13~28日(第一行)和8月29日至9月13日(第二行)归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)的(a、d)气候平均值、(b、e)分布以及(c、f)NDVI距平值(相较于气候平均值的差值)。, figureFileSmall=/UpZKoICx18Q4zquWNbGYw==, figureFileBig=TPvWeKsArXTUSH/9hskjoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998581800788763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Variations of (a) regional average maximum temperature (blue bars, units: °C), climatological mean of regional average temperature (red line, units: °C) and (b) regional average precipitation (units: mm), climatological mean of regional average precipitation (red line, units: mm) from August 15 to September 13, 2024. Climatological values represent the 30-year average (1990–2019). The six stages are: August 15−18 (P1), August 19−22 (P2), August 23−27 (P3), August 28−31 (P4), September 1−4 (P5), and September 5−10 (P6)., figureFileSmall=mwdxQpxoPD95v3w+ZolpKw==, figureFileBig=woXU8T4P4LitlNb8jUmkLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998581884674845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2024年8月15日至9月13日(a)区域平均最高温度(蓝色柱,单位:°C)、区域平均气温的气候值(红线,单位:°C)以及(b)区域平均降水量(单位:mm)、区域平均降水的气候值(红线,单位:mm)的时间序列。气候值表示1990~2019年30年平均值。6个阶段分别为8月15~18日(P1)、8月19~22日(P2)、8月23~27日(P3)、8月28~31日(P4)、9月1~4日(P5)和9月5~10日(P6)。, figureFileSmall=mwdxQpxoPD95v3w+ZolpKw==, figureFileBig=woXU8T4P4LitlNb8jUmkLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998582304105247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=(a) During the high-temperature and drought event of 2024, the positional characteristics of (a) the 500 hPa South Asian high (SAH, 5880 gpm contour) and (b) the 200 hPa Western North Pacific Subtropical high (WNPSH, 12540 gpm contour). The solid blue line represents the average position during the 2024 hot-dry event, while the solid green line denotes the climatological mean position. The red box marks the Southwestern China region. The climatological mean is based on the 30-year average from 1990 to 2019., figureFileSmall=/hjriOv1rvMgsS7pR1DOJQ==, figureFileBig=I5ETxFHogKZpe9OFnkkB/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998584254456608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2024年高温干旱过程期间(a)500 hPa南亚高压(SAH,5880 gpm线)、(b)200 hPa西北太平洋副热带高压(WNPSH,12540 gpm线)的位置特征。蓝色实线为2024年高温干旱事件期间平均位置,绿色实线为气候态平均位置,红色框表示西南地区。气候态平均为1990年~2019年30年平均。, figureFileSmall=/hjriOv1rvMgsS7pR1DOJQ==, figureFileBig=I5ETxFHogKZpe9OFnkkB/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998584355119905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Anomalies of the 200 hPa geopotential height ISO (Intraseasonal Oscillations) component (shadings) and wave activity flux (blue arrows, unit: m2 s−2) during phases P1 to P6. The red box indicates Southwestern China., figureFileSmall=SQwD8VgiWSPqpHL804zHmw==, figureFileBig=pojCmryos7bjQB0PGbJGNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998584447394594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图6, caption=P1至P6阶段200 hPa位势高度季节内振荡(ISO)分量异常(填色)以及波作用通量(蓝色箭头,单位:m2 s−2)红色框表示西南地区。, figureFileSmall=SQwD8VgiWSPqpHL804zHmw==, figureFileBig=pojCmryos7bjQB0PGbJGNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998584531280675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Same as Fig. 6, the 500 hPa geopotential height., figureFileSmall=5Sgim5BEewyE6C6yeb+FIA==, figureFileBig=FlLykbtyxxt69zp/f10Y5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998584711635748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图7, caption=同图6,但为500 hPa位势高度。, figureFileSmall=5Sgim5BEewyE6C6yeb+FIA==, figureFileBig=FlLykbtyxxt69zp/f10Y5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998584824881957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Temporal evolutions of regionally averaged (a) maximum temperature (units: °C) and (b) precipitation over southwestern China from ERA5 reanalysis data (blue line) and WRF simulation (orange line) from August 15 to September 13, 2024; (b) temporal variations of soil moisture (units: m3 m−3) from ERA5 data (green and blue lines) and WRF simulations (red and orange lines) from August 29 to September 13, 2024. Spatial distributions of surface maximum temperature (shadings, units: °C) and 850 hPa wind field (arrows, units: m s−1) from (c) ERA5 data and (d) WRF simulation during phases P2 to P5., figureFileSmall=PhRrDyR0O8GhjyCc/bq7SA==, figureFileBig=A2h5rs4T7E2VVYYKSS1IGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998585135260454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图8, caption=2024年8月15日至9月13日ERA5再分析资料(蓝线)与WRF模式模拟(橘线)的(a)西南地区平均最高温度(单位:°C)以及研究区平均降水量(单位:mm)随时间变化,(b)ERA5资料(绿线、蓝线)和WRF模拟(红线、橘线)的土壤湿度(单位:m3 m−3)随时间变化。P2至P5阶段(c)ERA5再分析资料与(d)WRF模式模拟的地面最高温度(填色,单位:°C)及850 hPa风场(箭头,单位:m s−1)的空间分布。, figureFileSmall=PhRrDyR0O8GhjyCc/bq7SA==, figureFileBig=A2h5rs4T7E2VVYYKSS1IGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998585214952231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Spatial distributions of soil moisture decrease (shadings, units: m3 m−3) in the control experiment compared to phase P1 during phases (a–d) P2 to P5., figureFileSmall=VwVmpZxJFfkrFm60LLhQSQ==, figureFileBig=v92F6eqTRsT0tGjAFJyPyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998585311421225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图9, caption=(a–d)P2至P5阶段控制试验较P1阶段土壤湿度的下降值(填色,单位:m3 m−3)的空间分布。, figureFileSmall=VwVmpZxJFfkrFm60LLhQSQ==, figureFileBig=v92F6eqTRsT0tGjAFJyPyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998585563079466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=(a–c) Temporal evolutions of area-averaged maximum temperature (units: °C) from (a, d) RMV-NW, (b, e) RMV-SE, (c, f) RMV-ALL sensitivity experiments (yellow lines) and the control experiment (blue lines) from August 29 to September 13, 2024. (d–f) Spatial distributions of maximum temperature differences (shadings, units: °C) between the three sensitivity experiments and the control experiment during the P2 to –P5 phase, with hatched areas indicating regions passing the 95% significance test., figureFileSmall=p23cpr2S/wsP5BmcLLJxOA==, figureFileBig=GrjYpJGWB/S6Vt1NRdzk4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998585995092779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图10, caption=2024年8月15日至9月13日(a、d)RMV-NW、(b、e)RMV-SE和(c、f)RMV-ALL敏感性试验(黄线)与控制试验(蓝线)区域平均最高温度(单位:°C)随时间变化(第一行)以及P2至P5阶段敏感性试验与控制试验最高温度差异(填色,单位:°C)的空间分布(划线区域表示通过95%置信水平检验)。, figureFileSmall=p23cpr2S/wsP5BmcLLJxOA==, figureFileBig=GrjYpJGWB/S6Vt1NRdzk4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998586087367468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Same as Fig. 10, but top line for regionally averaged precipitation (control experiment: blue line; sensitivity experiments: orange line; units: mm) and soil moisture (control experiment: green line; sensitivity experiments: red line; units: m3 m−3), bottom line for differences in regionally averaged soil moisture during the high-temperature event., figureFileSmall=k+ugUhypEWlzGtsPpQTYqw==, figureFileBig=SPvu/nMUVECUhHK6aIjJJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998586385163053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图11, caption=同图10,但第一行为区域平均降水量(控制试验为蓝线,敏感性试验为橙线,单位:mm)和土壤湿度(控制试验为绿线,敏感性试验为红线,单位:m3 m−3),第二行为高温事件期间区域平均土壤湿度差值(填色,单位:m3 m−3)。, figureFileSmall=k+ugUhypEWlzGtsPpQTYqw==, figureFileBig=SPvu/nMUVECUhHK6aIjJJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998586469049134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Spatial distributions of time-averaged geopotential height differences (shadings, units: gpm) between the RMV-ALL experiment and the control experiment during phases P2 to P5 at (a) 200 hPa, (b) 500 hPa, and (c) 850 hPa. Hatched areas denote regions where geopotential height changes pass the 95% significance test., figureFileSmall=pXCaMHhML3/B8QJc6gktCQ==, figureFileBig=fhStFfSdrPtdEsZXIDq83g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998586540352303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图12, caption=P2至P5阶段(a)200 hPa、(b)500 hPa和(c)850 hPa上高温事件时间平均的控制试验与RMV-ALL试验位势高度差值(填色,单位:gpm)的空间分布,斜杠线区域表示位势高度变化通过95%置信水平检验。, figureFileSmall=pXCaMHhML3/B8QJc6gktCQ==, figureFileBig=fhStFfSdrPtdEsZXIDq83g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998586624238385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Possible physical mechanisms of the influence of different ISO signals on compound hot-dry events in Southwestern China. The red box denotes the Southwestern China region, the solid blue line represents the average positions of the South Asia high and the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical high during the 2024 heatwave and drought event, and the solid green line shows the climatological mean position., figureFileSmall=BzE5LRPnF0Pejydd7osiZw==, figureFileBig=FcQhAZvjls/x1M5mjF/pZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998586825564978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同ISO信号对西南地区高温干旱复合事件影响的可能物理机制。红色框表示西南地区,蓝色实线为2024年高温干旱事件期间南亚高压、西北太平洋副热带高压平均位置,绿色实线为气候态平均位置。, figureFileSmall=BzE5LRPnF0Pejydd7osiZw==, figureFileBig=FcQhAZvjls/x1M5mjF/pZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998586909451059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Changes in variables of sensitivity experiments under different boundary removal conditions compared to the control experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RMV-NWRMV-SERMV-ALL
Temperature−1.331°C−0.768°C−2.120°C
Precipitation+1.570 mm+1.146 mm+4.009 mm
Soil humidity+0.023 m3m−3+0.013 m3m−3+0.040 m3m−3
), ArticleFig(id=1311998587219829556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998554164519618, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

去除不同边界条件下敏感性试验结果各要素相较于控制试验结果的变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RMV-NWRMV-SERMV-ALL
Temperature−1.331°C−0.768°C−2.120°C
Precipitation+1.570 mm+1.146 mm+4.009 mm
Soil humidity+0.023 m3m−3+0.013 m3m−3+0.040 m3m−3
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ISO信号对2024年8~9月中国西南地区高温干旱复合灾害事件的影响分析
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李永华 1 , 季豪楠 2 , 白莹莹 1 , 向波 1 , 何卷雄 3
大气科学 | 论文 2026,50(4): 1117-1134
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大气科学 |论文 2026 , 50 (4) : 1117 -1134
ISO信号对2024年8~9月中国西南地区高温干旱复合灾害事件的影响分析
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李永华1 , 季豪楠2, 白莹莹1, 向波1, 何卷雄3
作者信息
  • 1重庆市气候中心/中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室/歌乐山国家气候观象台,重庆 401147
  • 2南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京 210044
  • 3中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京 100029
作者简介:

李永华,男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事气候与气候变化研究。E-mail:

Impact Analysis of Intraseasonal Oscillation Signals on the Compound High Temperature–Drought Event in Southwestern China Between August and September 2024
Yonghua LI1 , Haonan JI2, Yingying BAI1, Bo XIANG1, Juanxiong HE3
Affiliations
  • 1Chongqing Climate Center/China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy/Geleshan National Climate Observatory, Chongqing 401147
  • 2Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster & Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
  • 3Institute of Atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2509.25041
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2024年8月中旬至9月中旬,中国西南地区出现了一次典型的高温干旱复合灾害事件,对当地经济和人民生活造成了较大影响。西南地区的高温干旱复合灾害事件与来自不同地区的季节内振荡(Intraseasonal Oscillations,简称ISO)有关,然而常规统计分析不能区分不同ISO对高温干旱复合灾害的特定作用,本文通过大气环流特征诊断并进行不同ISO信号驱动的WRF侧边界强迫数值模拟试验,分析发现:本次过程由对流层高层的中纬度西风带波列引起的ISO信号导致西南地区区域平均升温1.331°C,主要影响西南地区北部,该ISO信号对整个区域高温干旱贡献率为62.8%;对流层中层的遥相关波列引起的ISO信号造成西南地区区域平均升温0.768°C,主要影响区域集中在四川东部及重庆大部地区,此ISO信号对整个区域高温干旱事件贡献率达37.2%。此次西南地区高温干旱复合灾害发展主要受来自西北边界的中纬度西风带波列的影响,使得南亚高压显著发展并控制西南地区造成位势高度正异常;同时,受来自西北太平洋副热带高压西伸北抬影响下的暖平流作用影响,伴随对流层的位势高度场正异常,引起了区域性温度升高及土壤湿润度的下降。本研究有助于更好地了解西南地区高温干旱复合灾害的成因,并为提高该区域次季节预测水平提供基础。

季节内振荡信号  /  西南地区  /  高温干旱复合灾害事件  /  成因  /  数值模式模拟试验

Southwestern China experienced a typical compound heat–drought event between mid-August and mid-September 2024, which significantly impacted the local economy and livelihoods. In this region, such compound events are related to intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) originating from different areas. However, conventional statistical methods fail to distinguish the specific contributions of various ISOs to these extreme conditions. Using atmospheric-circulation diagnostics and numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with varying-ISO-signal-driven boundary forcings, this study reveals the following: the ISO signal induced by a mid-latitude westerly wave train in the upper troposphere increased the regional average temperature by 1.331°C in Southwestern China, primarily affecting the northern part of the region. This ISO signal accounted for 62.8% of the overall compound heat–drought event. The ISO signal associated with a middle-tropospheric teleconnection wave train increased regional average temperatures by 0.768°C. This impact is mainly concentrated in the eastern Sichuan Basin and most of Chongqing, accounting for 37.2% of the event. The development of this compound event was predominantly influenced by a mid-latitude westerly wave train from the northwestern boundary. This promoted the significant expansion of the South Asian High over Southwestern China, resulting in strong positive geopotential height anomalies. Simultaneously, warm advection due to the westward extension and northward shift of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High, coupled with positive tropospheric geopotential height anomalies, contributed to regional temperature increases and decreased soil moisture. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms driving compound heat–drought events in Southwestern China, providing a foundation for improving subseasonal-prediction capabilities.

Intraseasonal oscillation signals  /  Southwestern China  /  Compound high-temperature and drought disaster event  /  Formation mechanisms  /  Numerical model simulation experiments
李永华, 季豪楠, 白莹莹, 向波, 何卷雄. ISO信号对2024年8~9月中国西南地区高温干旱复合灾害事件的影响分析. 大气科学, 2026 , 50 (4) : 1117 -1134 . DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2509.25041
Yonghua LI, Haonan JI, Yingying BAI, Bo XIANG, Juanxiong HE. Impact Analysis of Intraseasonal Oscillation Signals on the Compound High Temperature–Drought Event in Southwestern China Between August and September 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2026 , 50 (4) : 1117 -1134 . DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2509.25041
全球气候变暖背景下,极端天气气候事件引起了科学界和社会的广泛关注。政府间气候变化专门委员会第六次评估报告(IPCC, 2021)指出:1850年以来,过去40年中的每一个十年相比之前的任何一个十年都暖;在全球范围内温室气体强迫增强的情况下,夏季复合极端高温干旱事件正变得越来越频繁,这一趋势将随着全球变暖的加剧而持续。分析发现,温室气体浓度的持续上升助长了创纪录的陆地和海洋温度,气候变化的速度加快、影响加剧(Laufkötter et al., 2020; Li et al., 2021; WMO, 2023)。复合高温干旱事件的发生频率、强度、持续时间和受影响面积在全球范围内增加,这在亚洲、澳大利亚、欧洲和北美大陆尤为明显(Zhang et al., 2025)。研究表明,中国夏季极端高温干旱事件发生也较频繁,全国大部分地区复合高温干旱事件呈显著增加趋势(熊少堂等,2024),20世纪90年代之前,其发生频率相对较低,而在随后的30年中,其发生频率有所增加,西南和西北东部是复合高温干旱事件发生频率最高的地区(Zeng et al., 2024);同时,我国大部分地区复合高温干旱事件的严重程度呈显著增加趋势(Li et al., 2023),发生时间也发生了变化,表现为开始时间提前、结束时间延后(Yu et al., 2024)。复合高温干旱极端事件严重影响我国的经济、社会可持续发展,因此研究高温干旱复合灾害事件出现的原因及预测方法具有重要的科学与现实意义。
研究表明,区域性异常高温干旱灾害事件是全球变暖及大气环流异常共同作用的结果,ENSO、北极海冰、陆面热源等因子驱动的大气环流异常是区域性高温干旱复合事件的直接原因(Feng et al., 2014; Hao et al., 2019; 马双梅等, 2021; Zhang X L et al., 2024; Lu et al., 2024; 周秋雪等, 2024; 温昕晟等, 2024; Leng et al., 2025; Li et al., 2025)。在我国长江流域,南亚高压的异常偏东偏北以及西北太平洋副热带高压脊线的异常偏北所引起的持续性大范围大气环流异常是造成该地区区域性高温干旱复合灾害的重要因素之一(Chen and Li, 2023),而次季节尺度大气系统是引起持续性环流异常的重要因素。在南方地区及长江流域,季节内振荡(ISO)证实与高温和降水异常事件有关(Hong et al., 2021; Tian et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2023; Qin et al., 2023)。长江中游地区是中高纬度与热带大气次季节波动汇合的主要地区之一(Wang W W et al, 2013),同时长江流域高温干旱复合事件受到中高纬度大气低频波动以及热带低频振荡的共同作用(Lu et al., 2022)。研究表明,中、高纬度的ISO信号均对长江流域高温事件生成产生重要影响(Gao et al., 2018)。针对2022年夏季我国长江流域发生的1961年以来持续时间最长、强度最大的极端高温干旱事件,不少学者从不同角度进行了研究。Huang et al.(2024)研究表明,异常加强东伸的南亚高压和异常加强西伸的西北太平洋副热带高压是2022年7~8月长江流域破纪录极端高温的直接原因,由此形成的局地准正压高压异常(热穹顶)覆盖整个长江流域,与之伴随的下沉绝热增温效应促使地表升温,而重新加强的拉尼娜相关的热带大西洋对流以及相对独立的热带外北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,简称NAO)是影响长江流域地表气温的两个最主要因子。Zhang D P et al.(2024)研究表明,南亚高压的异常东伸是2022年高温干旱事件持续的关键,前期春季青藏高原异常少的积雪,同期7月和8月异常偏少的印度降水和中国地区的气溶胶以及显著偏暖的大西洋中纬度海温是导致此次南亚高压异常东伸的主要因子,Liu et al.(2024)指出南亚高压异常加强还与非线性纬向涡动通量有关。还有研究探究了土壤湿度反馈在2022年夏季长江中下游极端高温干旱复合极端事件中的作用,指出陆气耦合及陆面反馈的作用对此次事件温度的升高和降水的减少具有不可忽视的贡献(Jiang et al., 2023; Chen and Wang, 2024; 郭祎等, 2025)。
我国西南地区也呈现出高温、干旱事件增多增强的趋势(胡豪然和李跃清, 2010; 李韵婕等, 2014)。进入21世纪以来,西南区域发生了多次极端高温干旱事件:2006年川渝地区遭遇了当时有气象记录以来最严重的高温干旱事件,2009年秋至2010年春西南地区出现连旱,2022年夏季西南地区再次发生了罕见的极端高温干旱复合事件(彭京备等, 2007; 李永华等, 2009a; 黄荣辉等, 2012; 孙昭萱等, 2022),2024年夏秋,西南地区大部又发生了极端高温干旱复合事件。对西南地区高温干旱的成因也有一些研究,如:王林等(2024)研究指出,西南地区频发超级干旱及跨季节持续性降水减少的年代际背景与太平洋年代际振荡的极端负位相和西太平洋暖池的异常变暖有关;李永华等(2009b)分析发现,西南地区东部夏季极端旱年热带40d左右低频对流经向和纬向传播在该区域得到削弱,低频对流偏弱,从而引起降水偏少;Deng et al.(2020)研究指出,春季巴伦支海海冰的减少可激发欧亚波列,在西南地区引发异常反气旋导致热浪发生;宦杜斌等(2022)研究表明,夏季巴伦支海海冰异常偏多的情况可持续到秋季,并引发西南地区的干旱,这种联系在20世纪90年代后期尤为显著。总体而言,相对于我国其他地区尤其是东部地区,西南地区高温干旱的影响因素更为复杂,而成因诊断及预测方法研究相对较少。
不同纬度间大气次季节波动的相互作用是次季节持续性高温干旱研究的重要内容之一(祝亚丽等, 2025),但如何区分不同地区ISO信号对高温干旱事件的相对贡献仍有待进一步深入研究。与全球气候模式相比,区域气候模式使用动力降尺度增加了局地地形信息,是研究次季节气候系统的有效手段(Abhik et al., 2017)。一些研究尝试通过数值模拟手段,通过滤除特定周期的ISO信号所产生的差异来研究不同信号对区域气候异常的影响,如:Cao et al.(2014)对比了添加了活跃期和不活跃期ISO信号的WRF模式中台风的生成差异,发现ISO能够通过中低层气旋性涡度相互作用的动力过程和对流—环流—水汽反馈的热力过程影响台风的发展;Ching et al.(2015)利用WRF模式和波数—频率谱分析方法开展了滤波敏感性试验,厘定了包括热带大气季节内振荡(Madden Julian Oscillation,简称MJO)和赤道罗斯贝(Rossby)波在内的热带波动对台风生成的影响;Yang and Wang(2018)通过滤除不同侧边界ISO信号研究了区域极端事件的产生机制。
2024年8月中旬至9月中旬,西南地区大部出现严重的高温干旱天气过程,其中重庆有35个区县受灾,农作物受灾面积超6万公顷。自8月11日起,重庆高温天气持续42天,为1961年以来持续时间最长高温过程,极端最高气温达43.6°C(北碚)。如何分离不同纬度的ISO信号,并量化他们对本次持续性复合高温干旱事件的贡献?本文尝试结合诊断分析及数值模式模拟方法,探讨本次过程的成因。借鉴已有研究(Yang and Wang, 2015; Lu et al., 2022; Qin et al., 2023)的WRF部分侧边界强迫试验方法,本文将通过去除不同侧边界ISO分量的试验结果与控制试验的结果进行对比,分析不同纬度ISO在本次事件发展过程的不同影响,从而为西南地区次季节复合高温干旱事件预测提供基础。
本文研究区域为我国西南地区(26~34°N,102~109°E),主要为四川、重庆(图1)。
本文研究所使用的资料包括:中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的《中国地面基本气象要素日值数据集(V3.0)》中气象站的1961~2024年逐日气温和降水量数据;欧洲中期数值预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,简称ECWMF)提供的ERA5再分析资料,分辨率为0.5°×0.5°,高空垂直方向上共37层,地面土壤资料共4层(Hersbach et al., 2020);此外,本文还使用了来自美国国家航空航天局的2000~2024年的归一化差异植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,简称NDVI)数据集,网格分辨率为0.05°×0.05°(Schaaf, 2015; Jayakumar et al., 2018),用于监测评估干旱情况。本文研究的2024年西南地区高温干旱事件发生在8月中旬至9月中旬,因此,使用了NDVI数据集的两个16天过程(2024年8月13~28日和8月29日至9月13日)。除特别说明外,文中的气候平均值为1991年~2020年30年资料计算所得。
参照Hong et al.(2021)ISO分量的提取方法,对ERA5高空再分析资料,将原始资料减去夏季平均后进行5日滑动平均去除天气尺度扰动,最后得到ISO信号。为了确定ISO波动的移动传播方向作为数值试验的基础,参照Takaya and Nakamura(2001)的计算方法将在200 hPa及500 hPa上逐阶段计算二维TN波作用通量,用于描述定常罗斯贝波的能量频散特征。
在对本次事件进行研究时,使用WRF(V4.5)模式进行模拟试验及部分侧边界强迫试验,WRF-ARW模式由美国国家大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research,简称NCAR)的中小尺度气象研究部门开发,已经被广泛应用于区域气候模拟中(Shi et al, 2024)。所有试验均从2024年8月1日开始持续至9月30日,选用的物理参数化方案包括WSM3云微物理方案(Hong et al., 2004)、CAM长波辐射及短波辐射方案(Collins et al., 2004)、MYJ近地面层及边界层方案(Janjić, 2001)、Noah陆面方案(Chen and Dudhia, 2001)以及Betts-Miller-Janjic 积云方案(Janjić, 1994, 2000)。模拟区域包括(26°~34°N,102°~109°E)的区域,水平网格距30 km,边界缓冲区设为5个格点。试验的初始场及边界条件均来自ECWMF的ERA5再分析资料,以6小时为间隔,高空垂直方向上共37层至1 hPa,包括水平风、位势高度、垂直速度和比湿;土壤资料共4层至地表以下289 cm,包括土壤温度及湿度。
为了区分不同地区的ISO信号对高温干旱事件发展的影响,采用了部分侧边界强迫试验的方法进行控制试验及敏感性试验。控制试验的边界场即为原始边界场,敏感性试验的边界场为原始边界场在某一方向上消去ISO信号而得到,初始场不变。基于观测结果,共开展三次敏感性试验,记为RMV-NW、RMV-SE和RMV-ALL,分别代表消去西北侧边界、东南侧边界、所有侧边界影响的敏感性试验。去除西北侧边界时,实验结果消除了来自中高纬度的温带ISO的信号影响,当去除东南边界时(同时去除东边界和南边界),消除了来自副热带的ISO信号的影响,通过此种实验设置可单独定性定量分析出不同ISO信号的影响效果及程度。当将两ISO信号同时去除时(RMV-ALL试验),则可体现出二者的协同影响作用。在运行WRF时,real.exe模块会生成含有风速、温度等试验边界气象要素场的wrfbdy文件,该文件中的BXE、BXS、BYS、BXN分别代表东西南北四个边界的相关变量。基于上述滤波方法,在进行部分侧边界试验时对该文件中对应边界场的风速、温度、比湿、位势高度进行了去除季节内信号的处理。本文使用双样本T检验(Student, 1908)对敏感性试验与控制试验之间的差值进行显著性检验,每次试验所使用的物理参数化方案均保持一致。
2024年8月中旬至9月中旬,西南地区出现大范围持续高温干旱天气,具有持续时间长、波及范围广、过程强度大等特点,尤其是四川东部和重庆高温日数较常年明显偏多(图2a),降水明显偏少(图2b),期间,区域平均气温(图2c)和降水量(图2d)均是1961年以来同期最高和最少的。重庆此次过程为1961年以来持续时间最长,极端最高气温达43.6°C(北碚,8月23日),区域平均≥35°C、≥37°C高温日数均为1961年以来同期最多。
图3表示的是西南地区8月13~28日和8月29日至9月13日的NDVI值。通过对比常年NDVI气候值与2024年同期指数,可明显看出,高温事件过程中四川盆地及重庆出现大面积的NDVI下降。尤其在30°N附近四川盆地至重庆中部一带,9月上旬相对于气候态NDVI下降显著,同经度下贵州北部也呈现出显著的NDVI下降。8月下旬川渝地区也出现了NDVI的下降,但程度低于9月上旬,显示出的干旱变化与国家气候中心业务常用的综合气象干旱指数(Meteorological drought composite index,简称MCI)监测结果(图略)基本一致。说明高温前期的发生发展,一直到9月上旬给植被造成了持续性的影响。持续性的高温天气加剧了地面的蒸散过程,同时高温事件发展期间无明显降水过程,也造成了干旱的发展。为了分析ISO分量对本次高温干旱过程的生成与发展的影响,按照气温和降水的阶段变化,将此次过程发生的主要时段分为了6个阶段,分别为8月15~18日(P1)、8月19~22日(P2)、8月23~27日(P3)、8月28~31日(P4)、9月1~4日(P5)、9月5~10日(P6),其中P2至P3阶段和P6阶段分别对应着气温的峰值期和低谷期(图4)。
在西北太平洋副热带高压脊线的西伸和大陆高压的协同控制下,容易造成持续性的高温干旱天气(Lu et al., 2022)。图5表示2024年高温干旱过程期间南亚高压(SAH)、西北太平洋副热带高压(WNPSH)的位置特征。在此次事件期间,南亚高压相较于气候态的位置有明显的东伸,向东可达130°E左右,从我国长江流域延伸至朝鲜半岛南部、日本南部地区。高温干旱事件发生时,西北太平洋副热带高压强度异常强且影响范围广,已深入至我国西北内陆地区。西南地区在两高压系统控制下,造成高温干旱天气。对比此次高温干旱事件发生过程中的两高压平均位置与气候态多年平均的位置特征,可以发现,南亚高压、西北太平洋副热带高压的影响区域明显扩大,具有显著的季节内变化特征,可推断此次事件与ISO联系较为密切。
由图6可见,高温干旱发生期间,200 hPa上自西向东从地中海至欧洲西部、里海至西西伯利亚平原、帕米尔高原至中西伯利亚地区、我国东北至俄罗斯东南部以及西北太平洋地区出现了正负交替的横跨欧亚大陆中纬度(沿45°N附近)西风带的高度异常场分布,具有明显的波列状环流特征,并且伴随着明显的纬向型波作用通量向东传播。在P1至P2阶段后,盘踞在帕米尔高原至中西伯利亚地区的位势高度正异常加强,并在向东南方向传播的波作用通量输送影响下,在高温发生期间,高压持续控制西南地区。在高温发展鼎盛的P2至P3阶段,西南地区上空200 hPa上位势高度异常由负转正,在东传罗斯贝波影响下,高压控制我国西南至东北大部分地区,有利于整层的空气下沉,加重高温干旱天气。在500 hPa上(图7),高温干旱发展前期(P1至P2阶段),西南地区受大范围高压系统影响,对该地区有明显的增温作用。在热浪形成的又一次“小高峰”的P5期间,200 hPa上有来自中高纬度西伯利亚地区(温带地区)的波动能量输送,南亚高压表现为正异常(图6),伴随500 hPa上P5时期来自副热带地区的波动能量传送,西北太平洋副热带高压明显增强(图7),因此二者共同在西南地区上空对流层从低层到高层形成较为深厚的正异常区,从而导致高温干旱天气。
前面分析指出来自温带、副热带不同的ISO信号均在高温干旱事件的发生发展过程中起到重要的作用,但对于对流层上层(200 hPa)欧亚中纬度遥相关波列、500 hPa来自西北太平洋的能量扰动分别如何影响西南地区,如何造成增温?贡献程度如何?为解决这些问题,下面引入部分侧边界强迫试验模拟去除不同信号影响时西南地区大气的演变特征及气温、降水量、土壤湿度、高温、风等的变化特征。
由高温干旱期间控制试验及ERA5资料显示的西南地区温度对比可以看出(图8a),控制试验能够比较好地模拟出此次过程温度的演变特征,升温峰值时间段与再分析资料吻合很好,尽管温度演变的振幅相对于实际情况减少了1°C~2°C。控制试验结果与再分析资料表示的降水量、土壤湿度时间演变也非常一致。土壤湿度在8月18日后出现明显的下降特征,同时降水量显著减少,出现将近2周的较为明显的区域性干旱特征(图8b)。
如图8c所示,高温事件主要发生在四川中东部及重庆西部地区,模式基本模拟出了川渝大部分地区的35°C以上的高温,但对于四川、重庆毗邻区≥38°C的极端高温模拟结果稍偏弱(图8d)。模式同样较好地模拟出了850 hPa的风场分布,有来自贵州、云南等地的持续的暖平流输送,持续造成该地的高温干旱天气。
由各阶段土壤湿度的变化情况(图9)可以看出,相对于P1阶段,在高温事件发生发展的P2至P5阶段,西南地区绝大部分地区都出现了明显的土壤湿度持续下降特征,四川中东部和重庆西部地区最为明显,土壤湿度累积下降接近0.1 m3 m−3。持续性的土壤湿度下降区域也与出现极端高温的区域范围一致,导致了川渝大部分地区的干旱程度加深。
下面通过进一步去除ISO信号的RMV-NW、RMV-SE及RMV-ALL敏感性试验,定量分析自温带、副热带不同的ISO信号对本次高温干旱复合事件的影响。
从三次敏感性试验与控制试验最高温度区域平均的对比来看,三次敏感性试验区域平均的最高温度均呈现一定程度下降,表明不同侧边界的低频振荡信号均对本次高温事件有明显的作用,但不同敏感性试验出现的最高温度下降幅度不同。其中,RMV-NW试验结果显示在8月17~27日左右最高温度的降幅较为明显,对应着热浪发展最鼎盛的时间段。P2至P5全时段时间平均下区域平均最高温度与控制试验的差值为1.331°C,此外,RMV-NW的试验结果显示影响区域主要集中在四川盆地至重庆东部一带,其余地区降温幅度较小,表明该侧边界试验条件对其余地区不大敏感(图10a、d)。RMV-SE试验的受影响的时段主要是8月22日至9月4日,最大温差出现在8月25日,达1.42°C,其余时间温度降幅都很小。P2至P5时间平均结果下,RMV-SE试验区域平均最高温度与控制试验的差值为0.768°C。RMV-SE试验的受影响范围更集中在四川东部和重庆西部一带,范围更小,最高温度的降幅也更小(图10b、e)。而同时考虑去除西北面以及东南侧边界低频影响信号后,RMV-ALL试验降温幅度最大,P2至P5阶段都出现了明显的下降,相对控制试验P2至P5阶段平均下降了2.12°C,四川盆地一带受影响最明显,温度差值达到4°C以上(图10c、f)。
图11给出了由三次敏感性试验与控制试验的降水及土壤湿度的对比情况,结果与区域平均最高温度的变化情况类似。其中,RMV-NW试验中降水量从8月20日之后出现明显下降,相对于控制试验,去除西北边界ISO信号后,降水在P1、P2阶段明显增加(8月15~22日)。在P2至P5时间平均下,去除西北边界的降水量相对控制试验上升了1.570 mm。同时,RMV-NW试验的土壤湿度下降数值也小于控制试验。相较于控制试验,RMV-NW试验在高温事件全时域时间段中,土壤湿度变化的主要影响区域出现在29°N以北,主要是四川东北部地区(图11a、d)。在RMV-SE试验中,降水量的增加主要出现在P3至P5阶段(8月23日~9月5日),其余时间段与控制试验结果接近。时间平均整体增加了1.146 mm,大于RMV-NW的影响,表明降水受东南边界影响更为显著。此外,土壤湿度相对于控制试验全时间段偏高,且在后期有明显的增加(图11b)。去除东南边界后的增湿区域主要出现在四川盆地北界附近。与RMV-NW较为明显的差异是,与四川接壤的云南东南部并未出现明显增湿,而贵州西北部出现了增湿现象,但增湿强度较低,表明此次过程受西北边界ISO信号的影响更为明显(图11e)。同时去除西北边界和东南边界的ISO信号后,降水和土壤湿度均呈现出几乎全时域的增大。P2至P5时间平均下,敏感性试验的降水增加了4.009 mm,大于前面所讨论的去除单边界的影响。相较于控制试验,RMV-ALL土壤湿度最大差值约0.04 m3 m−3,降水量增加在P2至P5阶段尤其明显,8月31日前后出现最大值,达10 mm左右(图11c)。相应地,川渝大部分地区都出现了土壤湿度的增加,尤其在103°E以东至重庆大部分地区,以四川盆地为中心的增湿效果最强(图11f)。在实际结果中,P2-P5时间平均下的敏感性试验土壤湿度增加值也表现为RMV-ALL最显著,变化值达0.04 m3 m−3,超过了RMV-NW和RMV-SE试验中的0.023 m3 m−3和0.013 m3 m−3(表1)。
综上所述,来自西北边界和来自东南边界的ISO信号均在高温干旱事件的产生及发展中起到重要作用。相对而言,西北边界的高层温带信号主要影响四川偏北地区;而东南边界的副热带信号主要影响四川东部及重庆一带。西北边界相关的温带信号相对于东南边界的副热带信号更为明显,在四川北部地区造成的影响强度更强,对整个区域高温干旱贡献率为62.8%,而西南边界ISO信号对于高温干旱影响为37.2%。值得注意的是,同时叠加西北边界和东南边界的ISO信号后,高温事件相关的干旱情况更为严重,表明温带—副热带的ISO信号的可能的相互作用进一步促进了本次高温干旱复合事件的发生发展。
进一步分析ISO信号对本次高温干旱复合事件的具体影响,200 hPa上西南地区北部出现明显正异常(图12a),而在500 hPa上,受西北太平洋副热带高压的西伸和北抬,西南地区尤其四川东部地区呈现显著的正异常变化,位势高度明显升高(图12b)。同时在850 hPa上,四川东部、重庆大部地区以及贵州东北部也出现了显著的位势高度正异常,变化量相对500 hPa较小(图12c)。对流层的整层高度抬升,下沉气流旺盛,引发高温事件加剧和高温干旱复合灾害的产生。
根据上面的分析,不同ISO信号对本次高温干旱复合事件的影响的可能物理机制可以概括为图13所示。
本文分析了温带、副热带ISO信号对2024年8月中旬至9月中旬西南地区复合高温干旱事件的影响,得到如下主要结论:
(1)本次过程中,由对流层高层的中纬度西风带波列引起的ISO信号(温带ISO信号)对西南地区北部的高温热浪以及干旱具有明显作用。通过对比去除西南地区西北侧边界的ISO分量驱动的WRF侧边界强迫试验与原控制试验结果发现,西北边界ISO信号能够引起该区域高温发生时段内1.331°C的升温,降水量减少1.570 mm,土壤湿度减小0.023 m3 m−3,加重了四川盆地及以北的干旱程度。
(2)对流层中层的遥相关波列引起的ISO信号(副热带ISO信号)同样对本次高温干旱事件具有重要作用。通过对比去除东南侧边界的ISO信号导致了该区域平均升温0.768°C,降水量减少1.146 mm,土壤湿度减小0.013 m3 m−3,主要影响区域集中在四川东部及重庆大部地区。
(3)在以上的温带、副热带ISO信号共同作用下,西南地区研究时段内的平均升温达到了2.120°C,降水量减少4.009 mm,土壤湿度减小0.04 m3 m−3。此次高温干旱事件发展主要受来自西北边界的中纬度西风带波列的影响,源自帕米尔高原的波能量输送加剧了高层200 hPa南亚高压的异常增强,对整个区域高温干旱贡献率为62.8%;同时,受来自西北太平洋副热带高压西伸北抬影响下的暖平流作用影响,伴随对流层的位势高度场正异常,引起了区域性温度升高以及土壤湿润度的下降,此种ISO信号对于高温干旱事件贡献率达37.2%。
本文通过设计部分侧边界场强迫试验,尝试定量分析了不同纬度带ISO信号对2024年8~9月西南地区高温和干旱的影响程度,仍然存在一些问题有待今后进一步研究。由于不同的ISO信号之间可能存在相互作用(Ralph et al., 2011; Wang L et al., 2013; Samanta et al., 2016),其影响程度不能简单看作不同的侧边界场强迫的线性叠加,因此,不同的ISO信号的相互作用对区域极端天气气候事件的影响仍有待深入研究。本文主要考虑了温带及副热带地区ISO信号试验,但由于上游夏季青藏高原也存在显著的ISO特征,对长江流域高温干旱形成也可能存在影响(魏挪巍等, 2021),后期可针对西边界的ISO强迫影响及可能相关的青藏高原季ISO信号与传播特征作进一步深入研究。另外,本文仅分析了一次个例,结论普适性存疑,实际上西南地区2006年、2022年夏季也发生了类似的极端高温干旱复合事件,与2024年相比,2022年极端高温干旱事件主要发生在7月下旬至8月下旬后期,时间提前,针对2022年极端事件的研究表明,其也是受到副热带和温带ISO的共同影响,副热带ISO的影响弱于温带(Qin et al., 2023),与本文对2024年的这次事件的研究结果类似,只是2022年事件ISO影响的程度更甚,可能与2022年高温干旱复合事件更严重有关,但对两个年份的事件研究均表明,不同ISO对高温干旱复合事件均有不同程度的影响,今后需要对更多的个例进行分析,从而归纳得到更加普适科学的结论,为提高高温干旱复合灾害预测水平提供基础。

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doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2509.25041
  • 接收时间:2025-03-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-09
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    1重庆市气候中心/中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室/歌乐山国家气候观象台,重庆 401147
    2南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京 210044
    3中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京 100029
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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