Article(id=1311998428368957477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2507.25042, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741449600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734401075, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734401075, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734401075, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734401075, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311998371833934610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, year='2026', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='1017', pageEnd='1326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734387596, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739443587, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1135, endPage=1151, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311998428729667622, articleId=1311998428368957477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=EN, title=Impact of Increased Horizontal Resolution in the Global Atmospheric Circulation Model FAMIL on the Simulation of Global Cloud Radiative Effects, columnId=1311998374337934099, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Uncertainties in cloud simulations can affect key physical processes in climate modelling. Using satellite data from CloudSat/CALIPSO and CERES, together with ERA5 reanalysis data, this study analyzes the distribution characteristics of global climatological cloud fraction and cloud radiative effects (CREs) simulated by the atmospheric component FAMIL in the climate system model FGOALS-f3 at resolutions of 100, 25, and 12.5 km. Moreover, the study investigates the potential sources of simulation errors based on the Xu–Randall cloud diagnostic scheme. The results show that at different resolutions, cloud fraction is underestimated in low-latitude areas and overestimated in high-latitude areas and that the simulation performance changes nonlinearly with increasing resolution. On the global scale, the deviation in the 25 km model increases compared with the 100 km model, and the cloud fraction deviation of the 12.5 km model is approximately 4% higher than that of the 25 km model in regions such as the Western Pacific Warm Pool. As model resolution increases, the simulated CRE decreases in association with a reduction in cloud fraction. In the Xu–Randall scheme, relative humidity (RH) is the dominant factor controlling climatological cloud fraction. Resolution enhancement further changes RH by affecting variables such as temperature and vertical velocity, thereby indirectly affecting cloud fraction bias. The weak vertical velocity in the 100 km model indirectly leads to underestimation of middle- and high-level cloud fractions in low-latitude areas. The higher temperature in the 25 km model compared with the 100 km model increases the cloud fraction bias. Furthermore, the lower temperature in the 12.5 km model compared with the 25 km model decreases the cloud fraction bias.
, authors=Hailan YAO
1, 2, 3, Bian HE
1, 2, authorsList=Hailan YAO, Bian HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bian HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311998438301069393, articleId=1311998428368957477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=CN, title=全球大气环流模式FAMIL水平分辨率提高对全球云辐射效应模拟的影响, columnId=1311998374501511957, journalTitle=大气科学, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
云模拟的不确定性会影响气候模式中的关键物理过程。本文利用CloudSat/CALIPSO和CERES卫星资料及ERA5再分析资料,分析了LASG/IAP开发的气候系统模式FGOALS-f3中的大气分量FAMIL在100 km、25 km、12.5 km分辨率下对全球气候态云量和云辐射效应(CRE)模拟的分布特征;并基于Xu-Randall云量诊断方案,讨论了模式偏差的可能来源。结果表明,不同分辨率下,云量模拟结果均呈现低(高)纬地区均被低(高)估的特征,而随分辨率增加,模拟技巧呈非线性变化。在全球尺度上,25 km模式云量模拟偏差较100 km模式增大,12.5 km模式较25 km模式在西太平洋暖池等区域云量偏差改善了约4%。模式分辨率增加后,模拟的CRE随云量的减少而偏低。在Xu-Randall方案中,相对湿度(RH)是气候态云量形成的主导因子,因此分辨率的提升会通过影响温度和垂直速度等变量进一步改变RH,间接影响云量偏差。在低纬度对流层中高层,100 km模式垂直速度偏弱,间接导致云量被低估;25 km模式较100 km模式温度偏高,导致云量偏差增大;12.5 km模式较25 km模式温度偏低,致使云量偏差减小。
, authors=姚海兰
1, 2, 3, 何编
1, 2, authorsList=姚海兰, 何编, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何编, authorNote=
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1National Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Application (LabESM), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
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1中国科学院大气物理研究所地球系统数值模拟与应用全国重点实验室(LabESM), 北京100029
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姚海兰,女,博士研究生,主要从事气候模式云模拟研究。E-mail: yaohailan@lasg.iap.ac.cn
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姚海兰,女,博士研究生,主要从事气候模式云模拟研究。E-mail: yaohailan@lasg.iap.ac.cn
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Earth Syst., 7(1): 1−20. doi:10.1002/2014MS000349, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998438766637139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998438775025748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, companyId=1311998438766637139, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998439186067547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, companyId=1311998439165096025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3中国科学院大学, 北京100049)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311998443380371575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Spatial distributions of the global annual average cloud fraction observed by CloudSat/CALIPSO satellites during 2007–2010: (a) Total cloud fraction; (b) high-level cloud fraction; (c) mid-level cloud fraction; (d) low-level cloud fraction., figureFileSmall=Yq+TgiESe/8eeQJYU2IPZA==, figureFileBig=XYGW1W62JPgWQQUm1IbcWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998443451674744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
2007~2010年CloudSat/CALIPSO卫星观测的全球年平均(a)总云量、(b)高云云量、(c)中云云量和(d)低云云量的空间分布。, figureFileSmall=Yq+TgiESe/8eeQJYU2IPZA==, figureFileBig=XYGW1W62JPgWQQUm1IbcWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998443623641209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Spatial distributions of the global annual average total cloud fraction and (e–g) biases during 2007–2010 by (a) CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite observations and (b–g) AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) simulations with different resolutions: (b) 100 km model; (c) 25 km model; (d) 12.5 km model; (e) 100 km model minus observations; (f) 25 km model minus 100 km model; (g) 12.5 km model minus 25 km model. In figures, M represents the global spatial mean of the observations, RMSE denotes the root mean square error between the model and observations, MB represents the mean bias between the model and observations, MB’ indicates the mean bias between different model configurations, the same below., figureFileSmall=ZcvqWituJU4d9FbaWtVhdA==, figureFileBig=9PpMjIlNZVmSCKTcm1kGqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998443690750074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
2007~2010年(a)CloudSat/CALIPSO卫星观测和(b–d)国际大气环流模式比较计划(AMIP)不同分辨率模拟的全球年平均总云量空间分布及其(e–g)偏差:(b)100 km模式;(c)25 km模式;(d)12.5 km模式;(e)100 km模式与观测的差值;(f)25 km模式与100 km模式的差值;(g)12.5 km模式与25 km模式的差值。图中M表示观测的全球空间平均,RMSE表示模式与观测的均方根误差,MB表示模式与观测的平均偏差,MB’表示模式与模式的平均偏差,下同。, figureFileSmall=ZcvqWituJU4d9FbaWtVhdA==, figureFileBig=9PpMjIlNZVmSCKTcm1kGqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998443753664635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Zonal mean vertical structure of the global annual average cloud fraction and (e–g) biases during 2007–2010 by (a) CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite observations and (b-d) AMIP simulations with different resolution: (b) 100 km model; (c) 25 km model; (d) 12.5 km model; (e) 100 km model minus observations; (f) 25 km model minus 100 km model; (g) 12.5 km model minus 25 km model., figureFileSmall=ieL5PfpYGGYQKc4boG+sfw==, figureFileBig=tCo2rQqpjSbt/ONqyO8jGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998445422997628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
2007~2010年(a)CloudSat/CALIPSO卫星观测和(b–d)AMIP不同分辨率模拟的全球年平均云量纬向平均垂直结构及其(e–g)偏差:(b)100 km模式;(c)25 km模式;(d)12.5 km模式;(e)100 km模式与观测的差值;(f)25 km模式与100 km模式的差值;(g)12.5 km模式与25 km模式的差值。。, figureFileSmall=ieL5PfpYGGYQKc4boG+sfw==, figureFileBig=tCo2rQqpjSbt/ONqyO8jGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998445523660925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Global annual mean spatial distributions of all-sky upward shortwave radiation (top line), clear-sky upward shortwave radiation (second line), and shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE, third line) during 2007–2010 as observed by CERES satellite (first column), and as simulated by AMIP 100 km model (second column), AMIP 25 km model (third column), and AMIP 12.5 km model (fourth column) resolutions. Panels (n-o) show the SWCRE differences for: AMIP 100 km model minus observations, AMIP 25 km model minus 100 km model results, and AMIP 12.5 km model minus 25 km model results, respectively., figureFileSmall=X0jtSELJcWyzcidN5AmdzA==, figureFileBig=hSvD8GNU0HJ8XjK78iK5Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998445607547006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
2007~2010年CERES卫星观测(第一列)以及AMIP 100 km模式(第二列)、AMIP 25 km模式(第三列)和AMIP 12.5 km模式(第四列)模拟的全球年平均全天空向上短波辐射(第一行)、晴空向上短波辐射(第二行)和短波云辐射效应(第三行)的空间分布,(n–o)分别是AMIP 100 km模式减观测、AMIP 25 km模式减去100 km模式结果以及AMIP 12.5 km模式减去25 km模式结果的短波云辐射效应偏差分布。, figureFileSmall=X0jtSELJcWyzcidN5AmdzA==, figureFileBig=hSvD8GNU0HJ8XjK78iK5Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998445674655871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Global annual mean spatial distributions of all-sky outgoing longwave radiation (top line), clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (second line), and longwave cloud radiative effect (LWCRE, third line) during 2007–2010 as observed by CERES satellite (first column), and as simulated by AMIP 100 km (second column), AMIP 25 km (third column), and AMIP 12.5 km (fourth column) models. Panels (n–o) show the LWCRE differences for: AMIP 100 km model minus observations, AMIP 25 km minus 100 km models, and AMIP 12.5 km minus 25 km models, respectively., figureFileSmall=ctUfHbVixiKtKnUx2k60Iw==, figureFileBig=jbLc+M2//8LDR3TByyT43A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998445741764736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
2007~2010年CERES卫星观测(第一列)以及AMIP 100 km模式(第二列)、AMIP 25 km模式(第三列)和AMIP 12.5 km模式(第四列)模拟的全球年平均全天空输出长波辐射(第一行)、晴空输出长波辐射(第二行)和长波云辐射效应(第三行)的空间分布。(n–o)分别是AMIP 100 km模式减观测、AMIP 25 km模式减100 km模式结果、AMIP 12.5 km模式减25 km模式结果的长波云辐射效应偏差分布。, figureFileSmall=ctUfHbVixiKtKnUx2k60Iw==, figureFileBig=jbLc+M2//8LDR3TByyT43A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998445892759681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Same as Fig. 3, butfor the zonal mean vertical structure of relative humidity and their biases., figureFileSmall=NMxw6Bs27yNmvfVsxRrePQ==, figureFileBig=gkcb63CM8mod837WqWACnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998445964062850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
同图3,但为相对湿度纬向平均的垂直结构及其偏差。, figureFileSmall=NMxw6Bs27yNmvfVsxRrePQ==, figureFileBig=gkcb63CM8mod837WqWACnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998446043754627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Scatter relationships between annual mean relative humidity and cloud fraction at 200 hPa (top line), 500 hPa (second line), and 925 hPa (third line) over the Western Pacific region during 2007–2010 from CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite observations (first column) and AMIP simulations with resolutions of 100 km (second column), 25 km (third column), and 12.5 km (fourth column). In figures, the red lines represent linear fitting curves., figureFileSmall=eFk0WrsAndpqhD/2uiRTIA==, figureFileBig=PYhxYp4TaSQehaoV0JfK9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998446270247044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
2007~2010年西太平洋区域CloudSat/CALIPSO卫星观测(第一列)及AMIP 100 km(第二列)、25 km(第三列)、12.5 km(第四列)模式模拟的200 hPa(第一行)、500 hPa(第二行)、925 hPa(第三行)年平均相对湿度与云量的散点关系。图中红色线为线性拟合曲线。, figureFileSmall=eFk0WrsAndpqhD/2uiRTIA==, figureFileBig=PYhxYp4TaSQehaoV0JfK9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998446328967301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Same as Fig. 3, but for the zonal mean vertical structure of temperature and their biases (units: K)., figureFileSmall=rXcGDdvI2d0lxDiyzbEMWQ==, figureFileBig=Z7JvW+oxDrx/lURB+yJwxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998446404464774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
同图3,但为温度纬向平均的垂直结构及其偏差(单位:K)。, figureFileSmall=rXcGDdvI2d0lxDiyzbEMWQ==, figureFileBig=Z7JvW+oxDrx/lURB+yJwxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998446471573639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Same as Fig. 3, but for the zonal mean vertical structure of the vertical circulation and their biase (units: 10−2 m s−1)., figureFileSmall=ifkehttEjqiUJpta6VBHQQ==, figureFileBig=1xoyk95B8cGhg3/3PhKTSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998446521905288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998428368957477, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
同图3,但为垂直环流纬向平均的垂直结构及其偏差(单位:10−2 m s−1)。, figureFileSmall=ifkehttEjqiUJpta6VBHQQ==, figureFileBig=1xoyk95B8cGhg3/3PhKTSg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1311385095715782771, delFlag=0, nameCn=大气科学, nameEn=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1006-9895, eissn=null, cn=11-1768/O4, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=LP50vgRD4hM0fI04zyL4ig==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1790588171177, updatedTime=1790588695815, createdBy=18614031015, 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