Article(id=1311998374140801810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2506.25016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737216000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734388145, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734388145, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734388145, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734388145, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311998371833934610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, year='2026', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='1017', pageEnd='1326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734387596, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739443587, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019578272702985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, issueId=1311998371833934610, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1077, endPage=1087, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311998374413431572, articleId=1311998374140801810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=EN, title=Impact of the East Asian Subtropical Jet’s Zonal Position on Summer Precipitation in China and Its Response to Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Central-Eastern Pacific, columnId=1311998374337934099, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study employs ERA5 reanalysis data, station precipitation data from the China Meteorological Administration, NOAA monthly average SST (sea surface temperature), and outgoing longwave radiation flux data from 1980 to 2020 to analyze the impact of zonal position of EASJ (East Asian subtropical jet) on summer precipitation in China, as well as its response to SST in the tropical central-eastern Pacific. The results indicate that in westward-shift years of the EASJ, upper-level convergence and lower-level divergence play an important role in YRV (Yangtze River valley). The eastward displacement and weakening of WPSH (western Pacific subtropical high) at 500 hPa suppress moisture transport to the YRV, leading to reduced precipitation. Meanwhile, upper-level divergence over the Hetao area promotes rising motion, accompanied by lower-level moisture convergence, increasing precipitation in the Hetao area. Meanwhile, in eastward-shift years of the EASJ, the WPSH strengthens and shifts westward. The convergence and divergence patterns in the upper and lower troposphere, along with moisture conditions and vertical motion in these two regions, exhibit reversed characteristics compared with those in westward-shift years of the EASJ. As a result, the precipitation anomalies of eastward-shift years of the EASJ display an opposite phase distribution compared with in westward-shift years of the EASJ. The EASJ’s zonal position is closely related to the summer SST in the tropical central-eastern Pacific. In this region, negative (positive) SST anomalies directly cool (warm) the atmosphere, suppressing (enhancing) local convective activity. These alterations modulate Walker circulation and lead to anomalous ascending (descending) motion in the tropical western Pacific. The vertical motion anomalies further affect East Asia’s mid-latitude region through meridional circulation, reducing (intensifying) convective activity near 30°N. Consequently, the meridional temperature gradient in the eastern part of the climatological jet region decreases (increases) due to diabatic heating, weakening (strengthening) the tropospheric westerlies and resulting in an anomalous westward (eastward) EASJ.

, authors=Mengyao WANG1, 2, 3, Lijuan WANG1, 2, authorsList=Mengyao WANG, Lijuan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lijuan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311998378767119156, articleId=1311998374140801810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, language=CN, title=东亚副热带急流东西位置与我国夏季降水的关系及其对热带中东太平洋海温的响应, columnId=1311998374501511957, journalTitle=大气科学, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用1980~2020年ERA5再分析资料、中国气象局提供的台站降水资料以及NOAA(美国国家海洋和大气管理局)月平均海表温度以及向外长波辐射通量(OLR)资料,分析了东亚副热带急流东西位置与我国夏季降水的关系及其对热带中东太平洋海温异常的响应。结果表明:东亚副热带急流异常偏西年,长江流域高层辐合,低层辐散,偏东偏弱的西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)不利于水汽输送到长江流域,降水异常减少;河套地区高层辐散,伴随上升运动和水汽辐合,降水增多。急流异常偏东年,西太副高偏强、偏西,上述2个地区高低层辐合辐散形势、水汽条件及垂直运动与急流偏西年相反,因此降水异常也呈反位相分布。急流的东西位置与夏季热带中东太平洋海温关系密切。热带中东太平洋海温负(正)异常可以直接冷却(加热)大气,导致该处的对流活动减弱(增强),作用于Walker环流使得热带西太平洋地区出现异常的上升(下沉)运动,再经由经圈环流影响东亚中纬度地区,30°N附近对流活动减弱(增强),通过改变非绝热加热减小(增大)原气候态急流区东部的南北温度梯度,对流层西风减弱(增强),有利于急流偏西(东)。

, authors=王梦遥1, 2, 3, 王黎娟1, 2, authorsList=王梦遥, 王黎娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王黎娟, authorNote=

王梦遥,女,硕士研究生,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王黎娟,女,教授,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:
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2School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
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2南京信息工程大学大气科学学院, 南京210044
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王梦遥,女,硕士研究生,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:

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Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 42(4): 935−950. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1803.18107, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311998379098469173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998379115246390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, companyId=1311998379098469173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management (CPRM)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998379140412215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, companyId=1311998379098469173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南京信息工程大学气候系统预测与变化应对全国重点实验室/气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311998379211715384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998379220103993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, companyId=1311998379211715384, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998379232686906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, companyId=1311998379211715384, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南京信息工程大学大气科学学院, 南京210044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311998379295601467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998379303990076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, companyId=1311998379295601467, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Huangshi Meteorological Service, Hubei Province, Huangshi 435000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311998379308184381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, companyId=1311998379295601467, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3湖北省黄石市气象局, 黄石435000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311998383284384595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Climatology of zonal wind (units: m s−1), (b) zonal wind (shadings, units: m s−1) and its maximum values (solid line with dots, units: m s−1) averaged over 35°–45°N at 200 hPa in summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020., figureFileSmall=xgjhFOopJ1rWLHJImCiy3w==, figureFileBig=L+4TdKLEyL57uf/eVUzhJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998383464739668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)200 hPa(a)平均的纬向风(单位:m s−1),(b)35°~45°N平均纬向风(阴影,单位:m s−1)及其最大值(带点实线,单位:m s−1)。, figureFileSmall=xgjhFOopJ1rWLHJImCiy3w==, figureFileBig=L+4TdKLEyL57uf/eVUzhJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998383703814997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=(a) Standardized East Asian subtropical jet zonal position index (SEASJZPI, bars) and its trend (black solid line), (b) correlation coefficients between SEASJZPI and the precipitation anomaly percentage (PAP) in China, scatters of SEASJZPI and the standardized PAP in (c) Yangtze River valley [the bottom rectangle area (25°–33°N, 92°–122°E) in Fig. b], and (d) Hetao area [the top rectangle area (33°–43°N, 102°–112°E) in Fig. b] during summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. In Fig. b, the dotted areas represent correlation coefficients pass the significance test at 95% confidence level. In Figs. c and d, r and p denote the correlation coefficient and significance level, respectively., figureFileSmall=/+WAQIN0JsV35jtMUzHFwQ==, figureFileBig=tXeyt+EAB+G9BBGn9VM8BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998383770923862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)(a)东亚副热带急流东西位置指数(SEASJZPI,柱状)及其趋势(黑色实线),(b)东亚副热带急流东西位置指数与我国降水距平百分率(PAP)的相关系数,东亚副热带急流东西位置指数与(c)长江流域[图b中下方矩形框区域(25°~33°N,92°~122°E)]、(d)河套地区[图b中上方矩形框区域(33°~43°N,102°~112°E)]区域平均的降水距平百分率的散点图。东亚副热带急流东西位置指数和降水距平百分率均为标准化数值。图b中,打点区域表示相关系数通过95%置信水平的显著性检验。图c、d中,r表示相关系数,p表示显著性水平。, figureFileSmall=/+WAQIN0JsV35jtMUzHFwQ==, figureFileBig=tXeyt+EAB+G9BBGn9VM8BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998383896752983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=(a, b) The zonal wind (dashed lines, units: m s−1), South Asian High (solid lines, units: dagpm), wind anomalies (arrows, units: m s−1), and convergence anomalies (shadings) at 200 hPa, (c, d) 500-hPa geopotential height (contours, units: dagpm) and 850-hPa wind anomalies (arrows, units: m s−1) composite-averaged in (a, c) westward-shift years and (b, d) eastward-shift years of the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) during summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. The dotted areas represent wind anomalies pass the significance test at 95% confidence level., figureFileSmall=hqhGSaYdZcE8epnUnCjjAg==, figureFileBig=mB32t4XkhYmLYIevzk55XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384001610584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)东亚副热带急流异常(a、c)偏西年、(b、d)偏东年合成平均的(a、b)200 hPa纬向风(虚线,单位:m s−1)、南亚高压(等值线,单位:dagpm)、距平风场(箭头,单位:m s−1)以及异常辐合区(阴影),(c、d)500 hPa位势高度(等值线,单位:dagpm)和850 hPa距平风场(箭头,单位:m s−1)。打点区域表示距平风场通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。, figureFileSmall=hqhGSaYdZcE8epnUnCjjAg==, figureFileBig=mB32t4XkhYmLYIevzk55XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384060330842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The whole layer water vapour flux anomalies (arrows, units: kg m−1 s−1) and its divergence anomalies (shadings, units: 10−5 kg m−2 s−1) composite-averaged in (a) westward-shift years and (b) eastward-shift years of the EASJ during summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. The dotted areas represent anomalies pass the significance test at 95% confidence level., figureFileSmall=zOk2CqGO2k5v9jXVjrBX0g==, figureFileBig=tVgHE3L6l1M7ShHUon534A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384194548571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图4, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)东亚副热带急流异常(a)偏西年、(b)偏东年合成平均的整层水汽通量距平(箭头,单位:kg m−1 s−1)和整层水汽通量散度距平(阴影,单位:10−5 kg m−2 s−1)。打点区域表示通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。, figureFileSmall=zOk2CqGO2k5v9jXVjrBX0g==, figureFileBig=tVgHE3L6l1M7ShHUon534A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384257463132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Meridional–vertical circulation anomalies (arrows, meridional velocity units: m s−1, vertical velocity units: 10−2 Pa s−1) and divergence anomalies (shadings, units: 10−6 s−1) averaged over (a, b) Yangtze River valley (92°–122°E) and (c, d) Hetao area (102°–112°E) composite-averaged in (a, c) westward-shift years and (b, d) eastward-shift years of the EASJ during summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. The white lined areas represent anomalies pass the significance test at 95% confidence level., figureFileSmall=8cvg3vcOOJhicJqmM+gdoQ==, figureFileBig=H+ye+QuSSfhc96SDcsZ7vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384328766301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图5, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)东亚副热带急流异常(a、c)偏西年、(b、d)偏东年合成平均的(a、b)长江流域(92°~122°E)、(c、d)河套地区(102°~112°E)平均的经向—垂直环流距平(箭头,经向速度单位:m s−1,垂直速度单位:10−2 Pa s−1)和散度距平(阴影,单位:10−6 s−1)。白色划线区域表示通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。, figureFileSmall=8cvg3vcOOJhicJqmM+gdoQ==, figureFileBig=H+ye+QuSSfhc96SDcsZ7vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384400069470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=(a) The correlation coefficients between SEASJZPI and sea surface temperature (SST), (b) scatters detrended SEASJZPI and STPSI (standardized tropical central-eastern Pacific SST index) in summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. In Fig. a, the lined area indicates the correlation coefficients pass the significance test at 95% confidence level, and the rectangle area indicates the tropical central–eastern Pacific (10°S–10°N,80°–160°W). In Fig. b, r and p denote the correlation coefficient and significance level, respectively., figureFileSmall=uh/9YPtUe2UTGl+D9gXeaA==, figureFileBig=1P4H6nHZ3ip1BrrbGLkrhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384471372639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图6, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)(a)东亚副热带急流东西位置指数与海温的相关系数、(b)去趋势的东亚副热带急流东西位置指数与热带中东太平洋海温指数的散点图。图a中,划线区域表示相关系数通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验,方框区域为热带中东太平洋区域(10°S~10°N,80°~160°W)。图b中,东亚副热带急流东西位置指数和赤道中东太平洋海温指数均为标准化数值,r为相关系数,p为显著性水平。, figureFileSmall=uh/9YPtUe2UTGl+D9gXeaA==, figureFileBig=1P4H6nHZ3ip1BrrbGLkrhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384601396064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=OLR (outgoing longwave radiation) flux anomalies (shadings, units: W m−2) and meridional temperature gradient anomalies (contours, units: 10−5 K m−1) averaged over 200–500 hPa composite-averaged in (a) westward-shift years and (b) eastward-shift years of the EASJ during summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. The white lined areas represent anomalies pass the significance test at 95% confidence level., figureFileSmall=DxvGzV5k2dLrZBPL9S66kQ==, figureFileBig=eC/v8zPk2wvBD0eSNTzwxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998384693670753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图7, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)东亚副热带急流异常(a)偏西年、(b)偏东年合成平均的向外长波辐射通量距平(阴影,单位:W m−2)和200~500 hPa平均的南北温度梯度距平(等值线,单位:10−5 K m−1)。白色划线区域表示距平通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。, figureFileSmall=DxvGzV5k2dLrZBPL9S66kQ==, figureFileBig=eC/v8zPk2wvBD0eSNTzwxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998385025020771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Zonal–vertical circulation anomalies (arrows, zonal wind units: m s−1, vertical velocity units: 10−2 Pa s−1) and vertical velocity anomalies (shadings, units: 10−2 Pa s−1) along 0° composite-averaged in (a) westward-shift years and (b) eastward-shift years of the EASJ during summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. The dotted areas represent anomalies pass the significance test at 95% confidence level., figureFileSmall=xn9pY2JIIrOPe/X+eJPNyA==, figureFileBig=plt+5yb440KrrWLSEOV/Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998385125684068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图8, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)东亚副热带急流异常(a)偏西年、(b)偏东年合成平均的沿着0°的纬向—垂直环流距平(箭头,纬向速度单位:m s−1,垂直速度单位:10−2 Pa s−1)和垂直速度距平(阴影,单位:10−2 Pa s−1)。打点区域表示距平通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。, figureFileSmall=xn9pY2JIIrOPe/X+eJPNyA==, figureFileBig=plt+5yb440KrrWLSEOV/Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998385452839781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Meridional–vertical circulation anomalies (arrows, zonal wind units: m s−1, vertical velocity units: 10−2 Pa s−1) and vertical velocity anomalies (shadings, vertical velocity, units: 10−2 Pa s−1) along 120°E composite-averaged in (a) westward-shift years and (b) eastward-shift years of the EASJ during summer (June–August) from 1980 to 2020. The dotted areas represent anomalies pass the significance test at 95% confidence level., figureFileSmall=w6635kzqQyfT8bDy+zcKyQ==, figureFileBig=2EFtQQaNZMGdgda50W58HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998385566085990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=CN, label=图9, caption=1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)东亚副热带急流异常(a)偏西年、(b)偏东年合成平均的沿着120°E的经向—垂直环流距平(箭头,纬向速度单位:m s−1,垂直速度单位:10−2 Pa s−1)和垂直速度距平(阴影,单位:10−2 Pa s−1)。打点区域表示距平通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。, figureFileSmall=w6635kzqQyfT8bDy+zcKyQ==, figureFileBig=2EFtQQaNZMGdgda50W58HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311998387222836071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Schematic diagram of circulation anomalies in eastward-shift years of the EASJ. The 588-dagpm contour indicates the western Pacific subtropical high, Q indicates diabatic heating, and the red contours in the upper level indicate the South Asian High (SAH). 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东亚副热带急流东西位置与我国夏季降水的关系及其对热带中东太平洋海温的响应
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王梦遥 1, 2, 3 , 王黎娟 1, 2
大气科学 | 论文 2026,50(4): 1077-1087
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大气科学 |论文 2026 , 50 (4) : 1077 -1087
东亚副热带急流东西位置与我国夏季降水的关系及其对热带中东太平洋海温的响应
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2School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
3Huangshi Meteorological Service, Hubei Province, Huangshi 435000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311998379731809092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385791232049272, articleId=1311998374140801810, authorId=1311998379375293247, language=CN, stringName=王梦遥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1南京信息工程大学气候系统预测与变化应对全国重点实验室/气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044
2南京信息工程大学大气科学学院, 南京210044
3湖北省黄石市气象局, 黄石435000, bio={"content":"

王梦遥,女,硕士研究生,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:

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王梦遥,女,硕士研究生,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:

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王梦遥1, 2, 3 , 王黎娟1, 2
作者信息
  • 1南京信息工程大学气候系统预测与变化应对全国重点实验室/气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044
  • 2南京信息工程大学大气科学学院, 南京210044
  • 3湖北省黄石市气象局, 黄石435000
通讯作者:
王黎娟,女,教授,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

王梦遥,女,硕士研究生,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:

Impact of the East Asian Subtropical Jet’s Zonal Position on Summer Precipitation in China and Its Response to Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Central-Eastern Pacific
Mengyao WANG1, 2, 3 , Lijuan WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management (CPRM)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
  • 2School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
  • 3Huangshi Meteorological Service, Hubei Province, Huangshi 435000
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2506.25016
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利用1980~2020年ERA5再分析资料、中国气象局提供的台站降水资料以及NOAA(美国国家海洋和大气管理局)月平均海表温度以及向外长波辐射通量(OLR)资料,分析了东亚副热带急流东西位置与我国夏季降水的关系及其对热带中东太平洋海温异常的响应。结果表明:东亚副热带急流异常偏西年,长江流域高层辐合,低层辐散,偏东偏弱的西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)不利于水汽输送到长江流域,降水异常减少;河套地区高层辐散,伴随上升运动和水汽辐合,降水增多。急流异常偏东年,西太副高偏强、偏西,上述2个地区高低层辐合辐散形势、水汽条件及垂直运动与急流偏西年相反,因此降水异常也呈反位相分布。急流的东西位置与夏季热带中东太平洋海温关系密切。热带中东太平洋海温负(正)异常可以直接冷却(加热)大气,导致该处的对流活动减弱(增强),作用于Walker环流使得热带西太平洋地区出现异常的上升(下沉)运动,再经由经圈环流影响东亚中纬度地区,30°N附近对流活动减弱(增强),通过改变非绝热加热减小(增大)原气候态急流区东部的南北温度梯度,对流层西风减弱(增强),有利于急流偏西(东)。

东亚副热带急流  /  急流东西位置  /  中国夏季降水  /  热带中东太平洋海温

This study employs ERA5 reanalysis data, station precipitation data from the China Meteorological Administration, NOAA monthly average SST (sea surface temperature), and outgoing longwave radiation flux data from 1980 to 2020 to analyze the impact of zonal position of EASJ (East Asian subtropical jet) on summer precipitation in China, as well as its response to SST in the tropical central-eastern Pacific. The results indicate that in westward-shift years of the EASJ, upper-level convergence and lower-level divergence play an important role in YRV (Yangtze River valley). The eastward displacement and weakening of WPSH (western Pacific subtropical high) at 500 hPa suppress moisture transport to the YRV, leading to reduced precipitation. Meanwhile, upper-level divergence over the Hetao area promotes rising motion, accompanied by lower-level moisture convergence, increasing precipitation in the Hetao area. Meanwhile, in eastward-shift years of the EASJ, the WPSH strengthens and shifts westward. The convergence and divergence patterns in the upper and lower troposphere, along with moisture conditions and vertical motion in these two regions, exhibit reversed characteristics compared with those in westward-shift years of the EASJ. As a result, the precipitation anomalies of eastward-shift years of the EASJ display an opposite phase distribution compared with in westward-shift years of the EASJ. The EASJ’s zonal position is closely related to the summer SST in the tropical central-eastern Pacific. In this region, negative (positive) SST anomalies directly cool (warm) the atmosphere, suppressing (enhancing) local convective activity. These alterations modulate Walker circulation and lead to anomalous ascending (descending) motion in the tropical western Pacific. The vertical motion anomalies further affect East Asia’s mid-latitude region through meridional circulation, reducing (intensifying) convective activity near 30°N. Consequently, the meridional temperature gradient in the eastern part of the climatological jet region decreases (increases) due to diabatic heating, weakening (strengthening) the tropospheric westerlies and resulting in an anomalous westward (eastward) EASJ.

East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ)  /  Zonal position of the EASJ  /  Summer precipitation in China  /  SST in the tropical central–eastern Pacific
王梦遥, 王黎娟. 东亚副热带急流东西位置与我国夏季降水的关系及其对热带中东太平洋海温的响应. 大气科学, 2026 , 50 (4) : 1077 -1087 . DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2506.25016
Mengyao WANG, Lijuan WANG. Impact of the East Asian Subtropical Jet’s Zonal Position on Summer Precipitation in China and Its Response to Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Central-Eastern Pacific[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2026 , 50 (4) : 1077 -1087 . DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2506.25016
东亚副热带西风急流是位于东亚副热带地区对流层上部200 hPa附近的强西风带。作为大气环流的重要组成部分,其位置变化可以通过影响季风环流进而作用于整个东亚地区的天气和气候,对我国多地降水均存在显著影响。
大量研究表明南移的西风急流可以引发横跨东亚北部和北太平洋的气旋环流,导致华南西部出现反气旋,进而减少夏季华南地区的降水(Lin et al., 2023;Tang et al., 2024)。而当西风急流向北延伸时,华南上空辐散,夏季华南降水高于正常水平(Hao et al., 2024)。急流的南北位置对夏季江淮流域的降水也存在显著联系,当东亚高空西风急流的位置相较于其气候态偏南(北)时,易造成7月长江流域降水偏多(少)(宣守丽等, 2013)。Jiang et al.(2023)利用观测和数值模拟研究了急流南北位置与青藏高原雨季东西向迁移之间的异相关系。当西风急流在7月之前向北移动时,青藏高原西风的减弱导致低层暖空气中心西移和湿空气辐合向西延伸,高原雨带向西推进。由于急流南北位置的变化是急流变化最突出的特征,因此以往的研究大多集中于急流南北位置与我国夏季降水关系的探讨上。但Lin et al.(2019)基于多个CMIP5模型研究了东亚副热带西风急流的东西位置对东亚夏季降水的影响发现,发现当东亚副热带西风急流核位置异常偏西时,东亚大陆降水偏多,而副热带西北太平洋降水偏少。西风急流核的向西移动伴随着南亚高压的减弱东移以及西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)的北移,导致我国雨带向北移动(Dong et al., 2011)。魏林波等(2012)指出若某年1月急流中心异常偏西,4~5月急流轴又异常偏南,则该年可能为丰梅年,江淮地区易出现暴雨洪涝灾害。以上研究均表明东亚副热带西风急流的东西位置对我国降水的影响也不容忽视,但前人对急流东西位置变化造成的降水异常区域的选取较为单一,且作用机制不够明确,因此本文着重分析急流东西位置对我国夏季全区域降水的影响及机制。
为了更好地掌握东亚副热带急流的位置变化特征,许多学者探讨了海温在其变化变异中所起的作用。大西洋海温异常可以通过欧亚大陆中高纬度东传的Rossby波列位相变化影响急流的南北分布(张庆云等, 2018)。太平洋海温对急流的南北位置也存在显著影响(Yang et al., 2002; Kosaka et al., 2011)。正的热带中东太平洋海温异常可以诱发热带弱的正地表潜热通量异常和降水距平,加热热带对流层,根据热成风原理,此时副热带急流向赤道移动(Wang et al., 2024)。Xiao et al.(2023)指出独立于ENSO的印度洋海温也能使得副热带西风急流相对于气候态位置偏南或者偏北,当热带印度洋海温高于正常水平时,对流层大气通过调制热带对流活动而变暖,异常对流迫使开尔文波向东扩展到赤道西太平洋,诱发太平洋—日本遥相关使得急流南北侧西风异场,急流向南移动;相反,当热带印度洋海温低于正常水平时,急流会向北移动(Qu and Huang, 2012)。以往的研究详细地探讨了各区域海温对急流南北位置的影响。然而,由于前人对急流东西位置的讨论较为有限,关于急流东西位置与海温之间关系的探讨就更为稀少。因此,进一步分析东亚副热带西风急流东西位置对全球海温响应的关键区域及其物理机制,仍是一个亟待关注的重要课题。
(1)欧洲中期预报中心(ECMWF)提供的逐月ERA5再分析资料(Hersbach et al., 2020),包括位势高度、水平风速、垂直速度、比湿。资料水平空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°,垂直方向为13层。
(2)降水数据来自中国气象局气象信息中心气象资料室提供的格点化数据集CN05.1(吴佳和高学杰, 2013),空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°。
(3)美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)提供的月平均海表温度(Hirahara et al., 2014)以及向外长波辐射通量(OLR)资料(Liebmann and Smith, 1996)。海表温度的空间分辨率为1°×1°,OLR的空间分辨率为2.5°×2.5°。
以上资料时间均选取1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)。
参照况雪源和张耀存(2006)的方法,依据急流的气候态分布,定义东亚副热带急流东西位置指数为区域(35°~45°N, 70°~120°E)内各纬度上200 hPa纬向风最大值所在经度的平均值,即对于35°~45°N范围内的每一个纬度,首先确定其在70°~120°E范围内200 hPa上纬向风最大值所对应的经度值,然后对所有经度值取平均。
由多年(1980~2020年)平均的夏季200 hPa纬向风(图1a)可知,夏季东亚副热带气候态急流轴位于40°N附近,西风大值区位于我国青藏高原北侧,急流主体纬向风速超过30 m s−1的区域从80°E向东延伸至105°E。依据图1a中气候态急流区的范围,对夏季200 hPa纬向风风速进行了经向(35°~45°N)平均(图1b),纬向风大值区主要分布在80°~120°E之间,大值带和最大值中心随年份均有先向西移再向东偏移的趋势。伴随着急流的西移,急流区的范围减小,急流的强度减弱。2000年前后急流强度较弱,纬向风最大值只有26 m s−1。之后随着急流的东移,急流的强度增强,急流区的范围也逐渐扩大,在2016年左右,急流再次减弱至26 m s−1。
为了研究东亚副热带急流的东西位置与我国降水之间的关系,我们计算了1980~2020年夏季(6~8月)东亚副热带急流东西位置指数,并对其进行标准化。当标准化数值大于1的年份,我们将其定义为急流异常偏东年,反之,标准化数值小于1的年份定义为急流异常偏西年。如图2a所示,急流异常偏东年为:1982、1987、1991、1993、1996、2005、2014、2015、2019年;急流异常偏西年份为:1981、1994、2007、2010、2013、2018年。2007年之前,急流异常偏东年较多,而2007年之后,急流异常偏西年较多。整体而言,东亚副热带急流的东西位置随年份有向西偏移的趋势。
由夏季东亚副热带急流东西位置指数与我国全区域降水距平百分率的相关图(图2b)可知,东亚副热带急流的东西位置与长江流域的降水存在显著的正相关,而与河套地区的降水为显著的负相关。当东亚副热带急流异常偏东时,长江流域降水增多,河套地区降水减少;反之,当急流异常偏西时,长江流域降水少,而河套地区降水多。根据图2b中相关系数通过95%置信水平的显著性检验的区域,计算长江流域(25°~33°N,92°~122°E)和河套地区(33°~43°N,102°~112°E)区域平均的降水距平百分率并进行标准化。由图2c、d可知,急流东西位置指数与长江流域的降水距平百分率之间的相关系数为0.35,而与河套地区的相关系数达到了−0.38,均通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。由此进一步验证了急流东西位置与我国长江流域以及河套地区降水之间显著的联系。
东亚副热带急流异常偏西年(图3a),200 hPa急流区分布在70°~100°E之间,急流轴较平直,呈纬向型,其位置相较于气候态向北偏移。气候态急流轴(40°N)以北西风加强,表现为异常西风,40°N以南西风减弱,为异常东风,综合作用使得东亚中纬度地区出现异常的反气旋性环流。而在急流异常偏东年(图3b),急流区向东偏移至80°~110°E之间,急流轴向南偏移,在我国北方地区上空表现为“V”字形,该处西风增强。由于急流的南移,气候态急流轴以北西风减弱,表现为异常东风,东北亚由此出现异常的气旋性环流,异常风场进一步影响高层辐合辐散场的分布。河套地区在急流偏西年受气旋性环流影响,对流层高层辐散,有利于上升运动,降水增强。而急流偏东年为气旋性环流控制,高层辐合,不利于降水。急流东西位置异常年份对应的南亚高压位置也存在显著差异。急流异常偏西(东)年,气候态急流区南侧的异常东(西)风减弱(增强)东亚上空的反气旋强度,南亚高压位置偏西(东)。长江流域对流层高层出现辐合(辐散)异常,上升运动减弱(增强),不利于(有利于)该地区的降水。
急流异常偏西年(图3c),500 hPa中纬度等高线呈纬向分布,西太副高强度偏弱,位置偏东。850 hPa异常东风在长江流域向南北两侧辐散,低层辐散不利于上升运动,长江流域降水减少。向北的偏南气流为河套地输送水汽,导致其降水增强。而在急流异常偏东年(图3d),500 hPa中纬度等高线经向度加大,(45°N,115°E)附近有槽出现,引导冷空气南下。偏西偏强的西太副高边缘引导西南暖湿气流进入长江流域,与南下的冷空气交绥,产生大量降水。850 hPa低层辐合带主要位于长江流域,气流辐合上升也有利于降水增强,而河套地区低层为偏北气流,水汽供应较少,降水减弱。
充足的水汽是降水形成的必要条件,因此有必要对急流东西位置异常年份的水汽条件进行诊断分析。图4给出了急流异常偏西、偏东年整层水汽通量及其散度距平。在急流异常偏西年(图4a),长江流域的水汽分别向南北两侧输出,导致长江流域整层水汽通量散度为正异常,水汽辐散,而河套地区整层水汽通量散度为负异常,水汽辐合;在急流异常偏东年(图4b),水汽辐合带分布在长江流域,河套地区为水汽辐散。这与图2b中急流东西位置指数与长江流域降水正相关而与河套地区降水呈现负相关关系相吻合。
急流异常偏西年,长江流域对流层高层的异常辐合以及中低层的异常辐散使得该地低层到高层均表现为异常的下沉运动(图5a),抑制对流不利于降水;而河套地区高层辐散,中低层辐合,对应上升运动(图5c),对流活动加强,降水异常偏多。急流异常偏东年两地的高低层辐合辐散形势与急流偏西年相反,长江流域(图5b)主要为异常的上升运动,有利于长江流域降水的增多;河套地区(图5d)则被下沉气流控制,降水异常减少。
大量的研究表明海温对东亚副热带急流的位置存在显著的影响,为了进一步探讨急流东西位置对海温的响应区域,将急流东西位置指数与夏季全球的海温求相关。如图6a所示,两者显著正相关区位于热带中东太平洋,当热带中东太平洋海温异常增暖时,急流位置异常偏东。反之,当热带中东太平洋海温异常偏冷时,急流位置偏西。选取图6a中通过95%置信水平显著性检验的热带中东太平洋区域(10°S~10°N,80°~160°W)海温进行平均,得到热带中东太平洋海温指数。图6b为热带中东太平洋海温指数与东亚副热带急流位置指数的散点图,两者的相关系数达到了0.42,通过了95%置信水平的显著性检验。但相比于“海温偏高,急流偏东”事件,“海温偏低,急流偏西”事件出现的频率更高。
图7对东亚副热带急流东西位置异常年份的OLR距平以及200~500 hPa平均南北温度梯度距平进行合成,以研究急流东西位置对热带中东太平洋海温的响应机制。当东亚副热带急流异常偏西时(图7a),热带中东太平洋和东亚中纬度地区的OLR距平为正值,对流上升运动减弱,热带西太平洋为负的OLR距平,对流活动加强。而当东亚副热带急流异常偏东时(图7b),热带中东太平洋以及东亚中纬度地区的OLR距平变为显著的负值,对流上升运动显著增强,而正的OLR距平主要分布在热带西太平洋地区,这表明该处的对流活动减弱。出现该现象的原因可能是当东亚副热带急流异常偏西(东)时,热带中东太平洋海温负(正)异常可以直接冷却(加热)大气,导致该处的对流活动减弱(增强),通过Walker环流使得热带西太平洋地区出现异常的上升(下沉)运动,再经由经圈环流影响东亚中纬度地区,使得30°N附近对流活动减弱(增强),非绝热加热大气作用减弱(增强),大气异常偏冷(暖),异常冷(暖)中心北侧的南北温度梯度减小(增大),梯度异常小(大)值中心位于原气候态急流区的东部,根据热成风原理,该处对流层西风减弱(增强),有利于急流偏西(东)。
为了进一步验证热带中东太平洋海温影响东亚副热带急流的路径,图8分析了急流东西位置异常年份赤道太平洋地区的纬向垂直环流异常。急流异常偏西年(图8a),100°W~140°E之间均表现为异常的下沉运动,下层气流到达低层向西输送,在100°~140°E之间上升。而急流异常偏东年(图8b),赤道中东太平洋地区为异常的上升运动,上升气流到达高空100~200 hPa高度向东西两侧辐散,西传的气流在赤道西太平洋下沉。这表明热带中东太平洋地区的海温异常可以使得该处对流活动异常,进而通过Walker环流影响到热带西太平洋地区的对流活动。
从东亚副热带急流东西位置异常年沿着120°E的经向—垂直环流距平来看,急流异常偏西时(图9a),热带副热带地区主要为异常的上升运动,上升运动大值中心在10°~25°N之间,30°N近为异常的下沉运动,对流活动减弱。急流异常偏东时(图9b),热带副热带地区主要为异常的下沉运动,此时垂直速度负异常的大值中心相较于急流偏西年上升运动大值中心位置偏南,位于0°~10°N之间,异常的上升运动则分布在30°~35°N之间。急流南侧的垂直运动异常通过影响潜热释放作用于大气,进一步改变大气温度和南北温度梯度分布,西风的强度因此产生差异,从而使得急流的东西位置分布不同。
本文重点探讨了东亚副热带西风急流东西位置与我国夏季降水的关系及其对热带中东太平洋海温异常的响应,主要结论如下:
(1)夏季东亚副热带西风急流区位于我国青藏高原北部,气候态急流轴位于40°N附近。夏季200 hPa纬向风大值带和最大值中心随年份均有先向西移再向东偏移的趋势。东亚副热带急流异常偏西(东)年,长江流域降水较常年偏少(多),河套地区降水偏多(少)。
(2)东亚副热带急流异常偏西年,200 hPa长江流域为辐合区,河套地区为辐散区。500 hPa中纬度等高线呈纬向分布,西太副高强度偏弱,位置偏东,不利于水汽输送到长江流域。850 hPa长江流域辐散下沉,降水减少,河套地区水汽辐合上升,有利于降水增多。急流异常偏东年,西太副高偏强、偏西,引导西南暖湿气流到达长江流域,上述2个地区高低层辐合辐散形势、水汽条件及垂直运动与急流偏北年相反,因此降水异常也与急流偏西年呈反位相分布。
(3)东亚副热带急流的东西位置与夏季热带中东太平洋的海温呈现显著的正相关。热带中东太平洋海温负(正)异常可以直接冷却(加热)大气,导致该处的对流活动减弱(增强),通过Walker环流使得热带西太平洋地区出现异常的上升(下沉)运动,再经由经圈环流影响东亚中纬度地区,使得30°N附近对流活动减弱(增强),非绝热加热大气作用减弱(增强),大气异常偏冷(暖),异常冷(暖)中心北侧的南北温度梯度减小(增大),梯度异常小(大)值中心位于原气候态急流区的东部,根据热成风原理,该处对流层高层西风减弱(增强),有利于急流偏西(东)(图10)。
由前文可知,2007年之前东亚副热带急流异常偏东年较多,而急流异常偏西年主要出现在2007年之后,这使得急流东西位置整体上随年份有向西偏移的趋势。这种变化的物理机制是一个值得思考的科学问题,有待于进一步探讨。此外,我们发现急流位置偏东时其整体位置也偏南,而2022年急流偏东,急流轴却异常偏北。南亚高压异常东伸,西太副高脊线也异常西伸北抬,二者同时控制长江流域,导致异常的下沉运动,降水异常减少。以上分析说明东亚副热带西风急流作为东亚夏季风的成员之一,其对我国降水的影响除了考虑急流本身的位置外,还需结合其他成员系统进行综合分析。

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doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2506.25016
  • 接收时间:2025-01-19
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-19
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    1南京信息工程大学气候系统预测与变化应对全国重点实验室/气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044
    2南京信息工程大学大气科学学院, 南京210044
    3湖北省黄石市气象局, 黄石435000

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王黎娟,女,教授,主要从事季风动力学研究。E-mail:
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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