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In order to actively respond to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and explore the innovative teaching design of the curriculum suitable for the cultivation of new engineering talents, taking the electronic design automation (EDA) technology course of electronic information major as an example, this paper proposes a teaching reform plan of “three new integrations, three methods in one, and three views strengthening”. “Three new integrations” organically integrate new EDA development tools, new field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices and new online hardware debugging methods into the traditional teaching content. Combined with the teaching method, the collaborative teaching method of tool platform and the project-driven method, the “three methods in one” teaching mode is established, which not only allows students to master theoretical knowledge, but also helps to improve the practical engineering ability of students. The design of “three views strengthening” experiment cultivates the ability of students to carry out system-level design and innovative design for practical engineering problems. Through this teaching reform, students were organized to participate in the 2023 National College Student Electronic Design Competition and won two second prizes in the Hainan Provincial Division, and a school-level education reform project based on the curriculum reform was approved in the same year.

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为了主动应对新一轮科技革命和产业变革,探索适应于新工科人才培养的课程教学创新设计,以电子信息类专业的电子设计自动化(EDA)技术课程为例,提出“三新融入-三法一体-三观强化”教学改革方案。“三新融入”是在传统教学内容有机融入新EDA开发工具、新现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)器件和新的在线硬件调试方法;结合讲授方法、工具平台协同教学方法和项目型驱动方法建立“三法一体”教学模式,目的是让学生掌握理论知识,提升学生的工程实践能力;“三观强化”实验设计,培养学生针对实际工程问题进行系统级设计和创新设计的能力。通过该教学改革,组织学生参加2023年全国大学生电子设计竞赛并获得了两项海南省赛区二等奖,同年获批了一项基于该课程改革的校级教改项目。

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高家宝(1987—),男,海南乐东人,博士,主要从事FPGA应用加速与智能系统方面的研究工作。

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高家宝(1987—),男,海南乐东人,博士,主要从事FPGA应用加速与智能系统方面的研究工作。

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“三新融入-三法一体-三观强化”培养新工科人才——以电子设计自动化技术课程为例
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高家宝 , 张永辉 , 王咸鹏
电气技术 | 工程教育研究 2025,26(5): 63-66
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电气技术 | 工程教育研究 2025, 26(5): 63-66
“三新融入-三法一体-三观强化”培养新工科人才——以电子设计自动化技术课程为例
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高家宝, 张永辉, 王咸鹏
作者信息
  • 海南大学信息与通信工程学院, 海口 570228
  • 高家宝(1987—),男,海南乐东人,博士,主要从事FPGA应用加速与智能系统方面的研究工作。

“Three new integration-three methods in one-three views strengthening” to cultivate new engineering talents—electronic design automation technology course
Jiabao GAO, Yonghui ZHANG, Xianpeng WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
出版时间: 2025-05-15
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为了主动应对新一轮科技革命和产业变革,探索适应于新工科人才培养的课程教学创新设计,以电子信息类专业的电子设计自动化(EDA)技术课程为例,提出“三新融入-三法一体-三观强化”教学改革方案。“三新融入”是在传统教学内容有机融入新EDA开发工具、新现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)器件和新的在线硬件调试方法;结合讲授方法、工具平台协同教学方法和项目型驱动方法建立“三法一体”教学模式,目的是让学生掌握理论知识,提升学生的工程实践能力;“三观强化”实验设计,培养学生针对实际工程问题进行系统级设计和创新设计的能力。通过该教学改革,组织学生参加2023年全国大学生电子设计竞赛并获得了两项海南省赛区二等奖,同年获批了一项基于该课程改革的校级教改项目。

电子设计自动化(EDA)技术  /  三新融入  /  三法一体  /  三观强化  /  新工科人才

In order to actively respond to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and explore the innovative teaching design of the curriculum suitable for the cultivation of new engineering talents, taking the electronic design automation (EDA) technology course of electronic information major as an example, this paper proposes a teaching reform plan of “three new integrations, three methods in one, and three views strengthening”. “Three new integrations” organically integrate new EDA development tools, new field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices and new online hardware debugging methods into the traditional teaching content. Combined with the teaching method, the collaborative teaching method of tool platform and the project-driven method, the “three methods in one” teaching mode is established, which not only allows students to master theoretical knowledge, but also helps to improve the practical engineering ability of students. The design of “three views strengthening” experiment cultivates the ability of students to carry out system-level design and innovative design for practical engineering problems. Through this teaching reform, students were organized to participate in the 2023 National College Student Electronic Design Competition and won two second prizes in the Hainan Provincial Division, and a school-level education reform project based on the curriculum reform was approved in the same year.

electronic design automation (EDA) technology  /  three new integration  /  three methods in one  /  three views strengthening  /  new engineering talents
高家宝, 张永辉, 王咸鹏. “三新融入-三法一体-三观强化”培养新工科人才——以电子设计自动化技术课程为例. 电气技术, 2025 , 26 (5) : 63 -66 .
Jiabao GAO, Yonghui ZHANG, Xianpeng WANG. “Three new integration-three methods in one-three views strengthening” to cultivate new engineering talents—electronic design automation technology course[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2025 , 26 (5) : 63 -66 .
近年来,现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array, FPGA)以其高度并行运算能力和灵活可编程的特点,在人工智能、通信和医疗等领域表现优异,取得了一系列成果[1-4]。FPGA是电子设计自动化(electronic design automation, EDA)技术课程的硬件载体,以及作为芯片原型验证的重要硬件载体,培养学生利用EDA技术对FPGA进行设计与研发的能力十分重要[5]。自新工科建设提出以来,各高校从未停止对新工科人才培养的思考与建设,积极应对新一轮科技革命与产业变革[6-8]。在此背景下,高校对工科教育的改革与发展提出了新要求,更加重视培养人才的工程实践能力、系统级设计能力与创新能力[9-11]。为此,高校工科专业课程必须顺应新兴产业技术的发展,对工科课程实施教学改革势在必行。
EDA技术课程内容主要划分为EDA工具、FPGA芯片及硬件开发平台和硬件描述语言理论知识。该课程不仅具有丰富的理论知识体系,而且具有较强的工程性。为了让学生能紧跟技术发展,应用新技术与新方法解决实际工程问题,以及具有创新观念,需要对现有的教学内容、教学方法和实验设计进行全方位的改革与优化。现有的EDA技术课程实验通常以独立且简单的逻辑功能要求为主,实际工程性较弱、系统性较差;教材内容更新难以紧跟EDA技术和半导体技术的迅速发展。部分高校已经结合新一代FPGA及其EDA设计环境做出了教学改革[12-14],但这些改革仍无法充分满足培养新工科人才的要求。
现有EDA技术课程在教学内容和单一实验内容设计方面,基本难以适应新工科人才的培养要求。要培养能够将新技术、新器件、新方法实际应用于综合工程设计的工科人才,现有的课程教学主要存在以下3个问题:
1)学生学习的知识全“旧”无“新”。EDA技术课程包含开发工具、可编程逻辑芯片和开发语言方面的内容,由于EDA技术和微电子技术发展迅速,导致现有教材中关于开发工具和可编程逻辑芯片的内容全“旧”;若要求教材内容与最新发展同步,则要对大量的理论内容和实验内容进行调整。因此,现有教材的理论教学基本全“旧”无“新”,而“旧”的理论教学内容难以满足学生的学习需求。
2)学生对工具与平台的掌握不足。传统教学方式下,授课教师基本以讲解硬件、描述语言语法和展示代码仿真的讲授方式为主,大部分学生进行填鸭式的语言语法和代码学习,造成学生的学习兴趣不足,失去学习的内驱力,导致大部分学生基本停留在能看得懂代码和对代码仿真的阶段,对EDA工具如何将硬件代码映射至平台的过程完全不清楚,更不具备使用开发平台对硬件代码进行验证的工程能力。
3)学生的工程观、系统观与创新观不足。该课程实验教学中,每次2个学时的实验是设计一个独立且简单的逻辑功能数字电路模块,实验内容较为单一,并且多次实验之间毫无关联,这让学生认为大规模可编程逻辑器件与单片机之类的微处理器没有差别,甚至认为单片机可以完全取代大规模可编程逻辑器件,导致学生对EDA技术课程的学习兴趣不足,而未能真正认识到该课程对系统性且工程性较强的数字系统设计的重要性。
为了对推进新工科人才培养做出应有的贡献,针对课程教学存在的以上问题,课程团队进行教学创新设计,以“三新融入”机制每年动态更新教学内容,以“三法一体”建立培养能够熟练运用工具与平台的工程师的教学模式,以“三观强化”培养综合型人才,形成课程教学的新理论知识、新教学模式和新实验设计。
针对学生学习需求难以满足的问题,团队将新工具、新器件、新方法“三新”教学内容无缝衔接地融入传统教学内容中,不仅保留了传统教学的精华,而且紧跟科技发展、与时俱进,使学生对EDA技术理论知识的学习不再枯燥无味,让学生自主学习新知识、新技术,培养新时代新工科人才终生学习新知识的能力。
1)新工具:将新EDA开发工具Vivado融入第一章EDA技术概述教学内容,让学生熟悉新工具的界面和使用方法。
2)新器件:将新FPGA器件结构融入教材FPGA器件结构内容中,并讲解新器件结构的优化或改进之处,让学生了解新型FPGA器件内部结构及其开发平台。
3)新方法:将新的硬件在线调试方法融入仿真介绍教学内容部分,在讲授实例代码仿真时自然地融入,并对其与软件仿真方法进行对比分析,让学生深刻理解新的硬件在线调试方法,以及进行大规模数字系统代码仿真时的高效性。
为了学生更好地理解与掌握“三新融合”教学内容,利用多媒体教学资源将“三新融合”教学内容引入传统教学内容中,并在Canvas学习管理平台线上分享多媒体课件和相关资料。
针对学生对工具与平台掌握不足的问题,团队构建讲授方法-工具平台协同教学方法-项目型驱动方法“三法一体”教学模式,不仅让学生掌握理论知识,而且有利于学生熟练掌握新工具与新平台,培养学生的工程实践能力,为培养新工科人才打下扎实的技术基础。类似EDA技术这种具有丰富理论知识和较强工程实践性的课程均可参考此教学模式。
1)讲授方法。该教学方法是传授知识的常用方法,在课程理论教学的讲解与分析中发挥着重要作用,也是教学环节不可或缺的一部分。
2)工具平台协同教学方法。在课堂教学过程中,结合新EDA开发工具和新器件展示与分析教材中硬件代码实例的全过程,让学生可以直观地观察每个环节的作用,熟练掌握EDA工具的使用方法、代码映射机制和平台的测试与验证过程。
3)项目型驱动方法。以项目型任务来激发学生的学习兴趣和动力,为此,每次作业是一个小项目,所有实验合成一个大项目,学生需要完成从代码设计至平台测试与验证的全开发过程。为了能够让每次作业和实验进展顺利,从第一堂课后,每两位学生配备图1所示新型ZYNQ—7000系列FPGA芯片为核心的PYNQ—Z2开发平台,让学生可以随时随地对自己设计的硬件代码进行平台测试与验证,提升学生的工程实践能力。
在EDA技术课程实验中,针对实验内容单一、系统性与工程性不足的问题,团队对实验内容进行改造,构建了代码设计-工程案例设计-创新开发的坡度体系,锻炼学生的代码设计能力,并让学生通过代码设计解决工程任务,再基于工程任务进行系统开发与创新,培养学生的工程应用能力、系统级设计与创新设计能力,强化学生的工程观、系统观和创新观,达到“三观强化”实验设计的目的。为此,团队设计了“软硬件协同设计的密码锁系统”综合性实验,该实验贯穿所有实验学时,要求学生利用软硬件协同设计方法完成系统的设计,并在PYNQ—Z2开发平台进行测试验证。
融入“三新”教学内容的软硬件协同设计的密码锁系统综合性实验框架如图2所示。“三新融入”教学内容不仅无缝衔接地融入传统教学内容中,而且在该综合性实验中得到实践;“三法一体”教学模式让学生具备了使用EDA工具和平台设计综合性系统的能力。“三观强化”实验具体实施过程如下。
1)系统架构与软硬件代码设计:提前在Canvas系统上发布实验内容和要求,学生在课前收集和查阅相关设计资料,分析系统功能,设计系统架构。其中,密码锁顶层模块包含按键消抖模块、密码输入模块、密码匹配模块、密码重置模块和警报模块,硬件代码设计工作量较大,通过项目型驱动教学方法,将部分模块设计为作业,学生利用EDA工具仿真和硬件在线调试方法进行功能仿真。在完成硬件代码后,学生继续利用高级语言编写微处理器端运行的软件程序,实现对密码锁系统的正确开启,以及输入密码的信息打印功能等。软硬件协同设计的综合性实验更好地培养了学生的工程观和系统观,引导学生要充分利用处理器在复杂控制方面的优势和可编程逻辑器件在运算高并行方面的优势,鼓励学生在硬件设计方面做出改进与创新,比如加入指纹功能、人脸智能识别功能等。
2)板级测试与验证:学生在PYNQ—Z2开发平台对整个系统进行板级测试,如果功能未达到要求,就继续修改软硬件代码并重新调试,直至设计目标达成,确保系统稳定运行。
3)撰写实验报告:撰写报告并提交至Canvas学习管理平台,就项目任务需求分析、技术方法、系统设计、板级验证与实验结果等内容进行阐述。
与2020学年相比,在2022学年进行上述教学改革后,该课程的成绩平均分由73.5提升至75.8。近4年的课程平均成绩如图3所示。此外,课程团队在2023年获批了一项基于该课程改革的校级教改项目“基于现代FPGA与新一代设计环境的EDA技术教学内容的优化与实践”,同年组织学生参加2023年全国大学生电子设计竞赛并获得两项海南赛区“安诚迅飞杯”本科组二等奖,获奖证书如图4所示。
围绕培养新工科人才这一目标,以工科专业课程EDA技术为例,本文提出了“三新融入-三法一体-三观强化”的教学改革,旨在培养学生学习新知识的能力,使用新工具与新平台的能力,解决实际工程问题的能力,以及系统级设计和创新设计的能力,可以为类似工科专业课程提供一定的参考。
  • 海南省教学改革重点项目(RC2000005508)
  • 海南大学教育教学改革研究项目(hdjy2366)
  • 海南大学教育教学改革研究项目(hdjy2005)
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-05
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
  • 修回日期:2025-02-01
基金
海南省教学改革重点项目(RC2000005508)
海南大学教育教学改革研究项目(hdjy2366)
海南大学教育教学改革研究项目(hdjy2005)
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    海南大学信息与通信工程学院, 海口 570228
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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