Article(id=1205533798260794240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205533795375113021, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25658, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1708876800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-26, revisedDate=1711987200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765351255240, onlineDateStr=2025-12-10, pubDate=1734624000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765351255240, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765351255240, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765351255240, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1205533795375113021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='12', pageStart='3', pageEnd='93', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765351254552, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765351619801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205535327520817992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205533795375113021, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205535327520817993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205533795375113021, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1205533798579561366, articleId=1205533798260794240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Distributed Collaborative Control of Electricity Load in Distribution Networks Based on Source-Load Uncertainty, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the continuous increase in the scale of distribution network construction and operation,a large number of electricity load control problems have emerged,especially the weakening of sample time series characteristics in electricity load data analysis,resulting in incomplete acquisition of local load characteristics,making it impossible for the distribution network electricity load prediction system to maintain the balance of energy in the power grid. In the past,the impact of "source-load" uncertainty was also rarely considered in the distribution network electricity load processing and distribution,which can easily lead to low probability of electricity load classification recognition,significant errors in electricity load prediction,and long-term problems such as high generation costs and insufficient distribution balance. In response to the above situation,the uncertainty of "source" and "load" was conducted research through probability distribution functions. A multi-objective function composed of two probability distribution functions was set as the constraint conditions for the coordinated output balance. The improved cluster eddy current search algorithm was used to solve the problem,and a coordinated control scheme for electricity load was obtained. The test results show that at 17:00,the power of photovoltaic device 1 is 1 050 kW, at 11:00,the power of photovoltaic device 2 is 980 kW,based on the source-load uncertainty root-mean-square error of less than 0.7%. The cost of the scheme based on "source-load" uncertainty is 453 200 yuan,and the balance degree is 0.94. The collaborative control method based on "source-load" uncertainty has a higher balance than the collaborative control method without "source-load" uncertainty,and the collaborative control technology is more reasonable.

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随着配电网建设运行规模的不断增大,形成了大量用电负荷控制问题,特别是在用电负荷数据分析中弱化了样本时序特征,造成了局部负荷特征获取不全,使配电网用电负荷预测系统无法维持电网能量的平衡性;在以往配电网用电负荷处理分配时很少考虑“源-荷”不确定性产生的影响,容易导致用电负荷分类识别概率过低、用电负荷预测出现较大误差,并长期存在发电成本过高、配电平衡度不足等一系列问题。针对上述情况,通过概率分布函数对“源”、“荷”两个方面的不确定性展开研究,设置由两个概率分布函数组成的多目标函数为协同出力平衡度设置约束条件,利用改进分群涡流搜索算法进行求解,得到用电负荷协同控制方案。测试结果显示,在17:00时,光伏装置1的功率为1 050 kW;在11:00时,光伏装置2的功率为980 kW,基于“源-荷”不确定性均方根误差小于0.7%;而基于“源-荷”不确定性的方案成本为45.32万元,平衡度为0.94。基于“源-荷”不确定性的配电网用电负荷协同控制方法比未基于“源-荷”不确定性方案所达成的协同控制平衡度更高,协同控制技术也更为合理。

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李顺昕(1978—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电网规划与智能电网技术,Email:

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李顺昕(1978—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电网规划与智能电网技术,Email:

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李顺昕(1978—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电网规划与智能电网技术,Email:

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"Source-load" uncertainty probability density function values

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类别 项目 概率密度函数值
“源”侧不确定性 光伏装置1 0.865 4
光伏装置2 1.854 3
风力发电机组 1.278 2
柴油发电机组 0.456 3
储能装置 2.787 4
“荷”侧不确定性 固定负荷 1.877 4
随机负荷 2.541 2
可中断负荷 0.358 9
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“源-荷”不确定性概率密度函数值

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类别 项目 概率密度函数值
“源”侧不确定性 光伏装置1 0.865 4
光伏装置2 1.854 3
风力发电机组 1.278 2
柴油发电机组 0.456 3
储能装置 2.787 4
“荷”侧不确定性 固定负荷 1.877 4
随机负荷 2.541 2
可中断负荷 0.358 9
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Basic information of IEEE 33 node distribution network system

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名称 参数 名称 参数
基准功率 100 MV·A 柴油发电机容量 200 kW
基准电压 12.66 kV 储能装置容量 200 kW
系统
总负荷
3 715 kW+j2 300 kvar 风电场
装机容量
480 MW
固定负荷
容量占比
40% 光伏电站
装机容量
150 MW
随机负荷
容量占比
50% 发电成本
折现系数
20 元/(MW·h)
可中断负荷
容量占比
10%
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IEEE 33节点配电网系统基本情况

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名称 参数 名称 参数
基准功率 100 MV·A 柴油发电机容量 200 kW
基准电压 12.66 kV 储能装置容量 200 kW
系统
总负荷
3 715 kW+j2 300 kvar 风电场
装机容量
480 MW
固定负荷
容量占比
40% 光伏电站
装机容量
150 MW
随机负荷
容量占比
50% 发电成本
折现系数
20 元/(MW·h)
可中断负荷
容量占比
10%
), ArticleFig(id=1205555831241704193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205533798260794240, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of cost and balance of control schemes

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对比项 成本/万元 平衡度
基于“源-荷”不确定性方案 45.32 0.936 2
未基于“源-荷”不确定性方案 58.622 0.756 2
混沌粒子群算法 60.32 0.874 5
帝国竞争算法 57.42 0.896 2
C&CG 算法 62.99 0.864 7
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控制方案成本以及平衡度对比表

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对比项 成本/万元 平衡度
基于“源-荷”不确定性方案 45.32 0.936 2
未基于“源-荷”不确定性方案 58.622 0.756 2
混沌粒子群算法 60.32 0.874 5
帝国竞争算法 57.42 0.896 2
C&CG 算法 62.99 0.864 7
), ArticleFig(id=1205555831375921923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205533798260794240, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison table of root mean square error of two methods

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迭代次数 RMSE/%
基于“源-荷”不确定性 未基于“源-荷”不确定性
100 0.62 0.95
200 0.52 0.93
300 0.45 0.87
400 0.32 0.86
500 0.21 0.82
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两种方法均方根误差对比表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
迭代次数 RMSE/%
基于“源-荷”不确定性 未基于“源-荷”不确定性
100 0.62 0.95
200 0.52 0.93
300 0.45 0.87
400 0.32 0.86
500 0.21 0.82
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基于“源-荷”不确定性的配电网用电负荷分布式协同控制
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李顺昕 , 赵轩 , 赵一男 , 杨敏 , 董少峤
电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024,54(12): 54-60
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电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024, 54(12): 54-60
基于“源-荷”不确定性的配电网用电负荷分布式协同控制
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李顺昕 , 赵轩, 赵一男, 杨敏, 董少峤
作者信息
  • 国网冀北电力有限公司经济技术研究院,北京 100070
  • 李顺昕(1978—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电网规划与智能电网技术,Email:

Distributed Collaborative Control of Electricity Load in Distribution Networks Based on Source-Load Uncertainty
Shunxin LI , Xuan ZHAO, Yinan ZHAO, Min YANG, Shaoqiao DONG
Affiliations
  • State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.,Ltd. Economic and Technological Research Institute,Beijing 100070,China
出版时间: 2024-12-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25658
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随着配电网建设运行规模的不断增大,形成了大量用电负荷控制问题,特别是在用电负荷数据分析中弱化了样本时序特征,造成了局部负荷特征获取不全,使配电网用电负荷预测系统无法维持电网能量的平衡性;在以往配电网用电负荷处理分配时很少考虑“源-荷”不确定性产生的影响,容易导致用电负荷分类识别概率过低、用电负荷预测出现较大误差,并长期存在发电成本过高、配电平衡度不足等一系列问题。针对上述情况,通过概率分布函数对“源”、“荷”两个方面的不确定性展开研究,设置由两个概率分布函数组成的多目标函数为协同出力平衡度设置约束条件,利用改进分群涡流搜索算法进行求解,得到用电负荷协同控制方案。测试结果显示,在17:00时,光伏装置1的功率为1 050 kW;在11:00时,光伏装置2的功率为980 kW,基于“源-荷”不确定性均方根误差小于0.7%;而基于“源-荷”不确定性的方案成本为45.32万元,平衡度为0.94。基于“源-荷”不确定性的配电网用电负荷协同控制方法比未基于“源-荷”不确定性方案所达成的协同控制平衡度更高,协同控制技术也更为合理。

“源-荷”不确定性  /  配电网  /  用电负荷  /  协同出力模型  /  分布式  /  控制技术

With the continuous increase in the scale of distribution network construction and operation,a large number of electricity load control problems have emerged,especially the weakening of sample time series characteristics in electricity load data analysis,resulting in incomplete acquisition of local load characteristics,making it impossible for the distribution network electricity load prediction system to maintain the balance of energy in the power grid. In the past,the impact of "source-load" uncertainty was also rarely considered in the distribution network electricity load processing and distribution,which can easily lead to low probability of electricity load classification recognition,significant errors in electricity load prediction,and long-term problems such as high generation costs and insufficient distribution balance. In response to the above situation,the uncertainty of "source" and "load" was conducted research through probability distribution functions. A multi-objective function composed of two probability distribution functions was set as the constraint conditions for the coordinated output balance. The improved cluster eddy current search algorithm was used to solve the problem,and a coordinated control scheme for electricity load was obtained. The test results show that at 17:00,the power of photovoltaic device 1 is 1 050 kW, at 11:00,the power of photovoltaic device 2 is 980 kW,based on the source-load uncertainty root-mean-square error of less than 0.7%. The cost of the scheme based on "source-load" uncertainty is 453 200 yuan,and the balance degree is 0.94. The collaborative control method based on "source-load" uncertainty has a higher balance than the collaborative control method without "source-load" uncertainty,and the collaborative control technology is more reasonable.

“source-load” uncertainty  /  distribution network  /  electricity load  /  collaborative output model  /  distributed  /  control technology
李顺昕, 赵轩, 赵一男, 杨敏, 董少峤. 基于“源-荷”不确定性的配电网用电负荷分布式协同控制. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (12) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25658
Shunxin LI, Xuan ZHAO, Yinan ZHAO, Min YANG, Shaoqiao DONG. Distributed Collaborative Control of Electricity Load in Distribution Networks Based on Source-Load Uncertainty[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (12) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25658
随着电力需求的不断增长,配电网的负荷管理变得越发复杂,传统的配电网面临着越来越多的挑战。传统的配电网通常采用集中式控制方式,缺乏适应动态变化和不确定性的能力。除了传统的集中式控制方法外,现代配电网中还有一种更加灵活和适应动态变化的分布式控制方式,它是通过将控制决策权下放到各个节点或各级别设备当中,从而使系统能够更快速地响应动态变化和不确定性,提高了系统整体的鲁棒性和适应性。在传统的电力输送系统中,配电网直接根据用电负荷需求向用户输送电力,随着分布式电源的加入,供电方不再具有唯一性,导致所承担的供电责任需要分配,即负荷分配调度[1]。合理的负荷分配能够有效提高配电网的配电能力和运行效率,但前提是能够控制配电网用电负荷合理分配[2]。 且面对大量分布式能源源源不断注入网络以及用户多样化的用电需求,传统的集中式控制方式已经不能有效应对。为了更好地应对负荷的波动性、可再生能源接入以及电动车充电等新需求,需要建立更灵活、可靠的控制机制,实现配电网的智能化升级。
周孟然等人[3]基于孤岛调度,提出多微电网电能互济调度模型,优化运行成本和联络线功率波动,并利用混沌粒子群算法对分层调度模型进行解算,得出负荷调度方案。但该方法计算复杂度较高;罗金满等人[4]基于多时间尺度思想,以最小化可调节量和最大程度增加新能源消纳为目标,建立日前-日内优化调度模型,利用帝国竞争算法对其进行优化求解,得出源网荷储分配得到的负荷量。但该算法收敛性较差;尉耀稳等人[5]利用分布鲁棒优化理论,协调优化配电网传统设备、可再生能源和储能决策,利用列约束生成算法(column-and-constraint generation,C&CG)在约束条件下进行优化求解,得出源储协调控制方案。但该方法协同控制平衡度较低;杨秀等人[6]利用不同负荷日功率因数变化曲线的组合场景及概率反映不确定性,以最小化运行成本期望值为目标,利用多重一维卷积自编码器提取不同用户日功率因数数据的低维表征,采用粒子群算法求解,确定最优配置方案,但该算法性能不稳定。
以往的研究未基于“源-荷”不确定性,导致用电负荷分布式协同控制方案脱离实际应用,为此研究一种基于“源-荷”不确定性的配电网用电负荷分布式协同控制技术。基于“源-荷”不确定性,利用概率分布函数对“源”、“荷”两个方面的不确定性进行分析,构建“源-荷”不确定性用电负荷协同出力模型,利用改进分群涡流搜索算法对其进行求解,得到用电负荷协同控制方案,从而提高了协同出力平衡度,降低了均方根误差和发电成本;再通过将“源-荷”不确定性因素考虑在内,实现优化配电网用电负荷分布式协同方案。通过概率分布函数建模并考虑“源-荷”不确定性是一种创新的方法,它能够更准确地描述负荷变化的不确定性特征,提高了协同控制系统的稳定性和应用效果。实验结果表明,该方法比传统方案具有更高的协同控制平衡度和合理性。
为保证所求出的配电网用电负荷分布式协同控制方案的准确性和有效性[7],考虑“源-荷”不确定性。利用概率分布函数对“源”、“荷”两个方面的不确定性进行分析。
不确定的存在必然会导致各“源”实际出力和预期出力存在一定的误差[8]。基于该误差,建立关于“源”侧实际出力不确定性的概率密度函数,函数表达式如下:
p ( a i ) = 1 2 π A i e - Δ a i 2 2 A i 2
式中: p ( a i )为“源”侧分布式电源 i的不确定性概率密度函数; a i为分布式电源 i的实际出力; Δ a i为分布式电源 i的实际出力和预期出力之间的误差; A i为分布式电源 i出力预测误差的方差。
相比较“源”侧不确定性,“荷”侧不确定性更强,很多外在客观因素的变化都有可能引发用电负荷发生突发性变化[9]。建立的关于“荷”侧实际出力不确定性的概率密度函数:
ζ ( c ) = 1 2 π B c e - c ( 1 - b ) 2 B 2 c
式中: ζ ( c )为“荷”侧实际出力不确定性的概率密度函数; c为用电负荷平均值; B为用电负荷标准差; b为预期用电总负荷。
在上述研究的基础上,设计基于“源-荷”不确定性的用电负荷协同出力模型。该模型由两部分组成,一是目标函数,二是目标函数的约束条件。
由于多个目标相比单一目标所能达到的综合效果更好[10],为此研究中设置由2个目标函数组成的多目标函数,分为协同出力成本以及协同出力平衡度。在大多数实际工程问题中,成本是一个非常重要的指标。协同出力成本主要考虑了系统在运行过程中所需的资金投入,包括能源成本、设备维护成本、人力成本等。优化协同出力成本有助于实现资源的有效利用,降低整体运行成本,提高系统的经济效益。
当系统中各组件的出力达到平衡时,整个系统的运行效率也会相应提高。这有助于减少能源损失,提高能源利用效率,从而进一步降低运行成本。
1)协同出力成本。在完成供电任务的前提下,经济效益也是电力公司追求的目标,因此将成本作为第一个目标函数[11]。该目标函数表达式如下:
F 1 = m i n f 1 + f 2 + f 3
其中
f 1 = i = 1 n p i ( d i D i E i )
f 2 = t = 1 T i = 1 n p i [ R i t E ^ i t ( H i t + r i t ) ]
f 3 = t = 1 T i = 1 n p i ( U i t J i t )
式中: f 1为分布式电源的投资费用; f 2为分布式电源的运行成本; f 3为环境成本; d i为分布式电源 i的投资折算系数; D i为分布式电源 i的单位投资成本; E i为分布式电源 i的额定功率; p i  为“源”侧分布式电源 i的不确定性概率密度函数; n为配电网中接入的分布式电源数量; R i t t时刻分布式电源 i的折现系数; E ^ i t t时刻分布式电源 i的输出功率; H i t t时刻分布式电源 i的固定运行费用; r i t t时刻分布式电源 i的可变运行费用; U i t t时刻分布式电源 i的碳交易价格; J i t t时刻分布式电源 i的碳交易量。
2)协同出力平衡度。协同出力平衡度反映了预期用电负荷和分布式电源实际出力之间的时序匹配度,函数表达式如下:
F 2 = m a x { t = 1 T ζ ( b t - i = 1 n Q i t ) - [ t = 1 T ζ ( b t - i = 1 n Q i t ) ] / T } 2 T - 1
式中: ζ  为分布式电源实际出力的时序函数; b t t时刻预期用电总负荷; Q i t t时刻分布式电源 i的总出力数值; T为协同出力时间[12]
结合上述建立的成本函数和平衡度,建立多目标函数表达式为
Y = w 1 F 1 + w 2 F 2
式中: w 1 w 2为目标函数对应的权重。
约束条件是目标函数相关参数的限定范围。针对式(8),建立的约束条件如下:
s . t . i = 1 n E ^ i t = b m i n a i a i m a x a i a i t - a i t - 1 a ^ a i t - 1 - a i t a ˘
式中: m i n a i m a x a i分别为分布式电源 i的出力上、下限; a ^ a ˘分别为分布式电源 i增负荷和减负荷时的出力上、下限值; a i t - 1 a i t分别为前一时刻、当前时刻的分布式电源 i的出力[13]
通过上述目标函数和约束条件,完成了对基于“源-荷”不确定性用电负荷协同出力模型的构建。
在完成基于“源-荷”不确定性的用电负荷协同出力模型构建之后,再利用改进分群涡流搜索算法对其进行求解,具体改进内容为:对算法参数进行动态调整,根据搜索过程中的表现情况自适应调整参数值,以提高算法的收敛速度和稳定性。由此得到用电负荷协同控制方案[14]。具体过程如下:
步骤1:设置算法初始参数:种群规模为50,分群数量为5个,迭代次数为500次,搜索步长为0.8,交叉概率为0.7,变异概率为0.02。
步骤2:利用改进分群涡流搜索算法生成初始解,对算法参数进行动态调整,提高了算法的收敛速度和稳定性。具体过程如图1所示。
步骤3:假设初始解的空间的维数为 Z维,其维数取值范围记为 [ λ m i n , λ m a x ]。通过求取平均值,计算搜索空间的中心 λ o,函数表达式如下:
λ o = ( λ m i n + λ m a x ) / 2
步骤4:以 λ o为中心、 r为搜索半径,高斯分布随机产生备选解,记为 x 1 , x 2 , , x n n代表备选解数量。
步骤5:将 x 1 , x 2 , , x n代入多目标函数中,计算其函数值,得到 Y 1 , Y 2 , , Y n
步骤6:从 Y 1 , Y 2 , , Y n中选出多目标函数值最大对应的备选解,并将该备选解与设置的全局最优解进行大小比较。如果前者大于后者,则前者替代后者,再进行当前迭代次数下的全局最优解更新,否则全局最优解仍保持不变[15]。通过改进涡流搜索过程,使个体能够更好地实现局部的最优解,增强了算法的全局搜索能力。
步骤7:计算当前迭代次数下全局最优解关于 λ o对称的点,记为 λ i ' [16-18]
步骤8:以当前迭代次数下全局最优解和对称点 λ i '分别为搜索中心、 r为搜索半径[19-20],产生新一代备选解。
步骤9:选出新的最优解。
步骤10:判断是否满足终止条件。如果满足,选出新的最优解,即所要求解的最优配电网用电负荷协同控制方案;否则需要再更新搜索半径r,迭代次数+1,回到步骤3。
通过上述流程,完成对基于“源-荷”不确定性的用电负荷协同出力模型的求解,得到了配电网用电负荷协同控制方案。
搭建一个IEEE 33节点配电网系统为测试环境,利用 Matlab R2018a 进行仿真实验测试,其节点配电网拓扑结构模型如图2所示。
图2中可以看出,该配电网拓扑结构中分布式电源通过公共连接点与配电网连接,分布式电源包含光伏装置、风力发电机组、柴油发电机组、储能装置。在IEEE 33节点配电网拓扑结构模型中,无功补偿器扮演着优化电力系统运行和提高系统性能的重要角色,能够有效改善电压质量,减少线路损耗,提高了电网的稳定性和可靠性。IEEE 33节点配电网拓扑结构中,“源-荷”不确定性概率密度函数值如表1所示。
其中,负荷包含固定负荷、随机负荷和可中断负荷,IEEE 33节点配电网系统基本情况如表2所示。
仿真实验测试过程中,收集所关注地区配电网历史用电负荷数据,包括每小时的负荷需求。对收集的用电负荷数据进行预处理,包括去除异常值、平滑处理等。一天中的地区配电网用电负荷需求变化情况如图3所示。
图3中,早晨和晚上的负荷功率较低,白天的功率较高。这是因为白天是商业和工业活动的高峰期,许多企事业单位和工厂在白天进行生产、办公等活动。大量的商业和工业用电需求使得白天的负荷功率较高。而早晨和晚上这段时间,商业和工业用电需求较低,因此负荷功率相对较低。
基于上述配电网用电负荷需求变化情况,利用改进分群涡流搜索算法进行优化求解。改进分群涡流搜索算法的具体参数设置为:种群大小100,分群数量5,涡流强度0.7,交叉概率0.8,变异概率0.05,迭代次数500,精英保留策略为保留每代前5%的最优个体。得到的最优配电网用电负荷协同控制方案如图4所示。
图4中,在17:00时,光伏装置1的功率为1 050 kW;在11:00时,光伏装置2的功率为980 kW;在08:00时,风力发电机组的功率为770 kW;在13:00时,柴油发电机组的功率为560 kW,储能装置的功率为410 kW。综上所述,光伏装置、风力发电机组、柴油发电机组和储能装置都在不同时间段提供了电力支持,其中光伏装置1和光伏装置2的功率最高,表明光伏能源在这些时段是主要的电力来源。风力发电机组提供的功率也较为稳定,而柴油发电机组在13:00时提供了额外的补充电力。同时,储能装置也在13:00发挥了一定作用,可能用于平衡负荷波动或应对突发情况。
为进一步验证所研究方法的应用效果,利用 Matlab R2018a模拟运行协同控制方案,统计其成本以及平衡度,再与未基于“源-荷”不确定性方案、文献[3]提出的基于混沌粒子群算法、文献[4]提出的帝国竞争算法、文献[5]提出的C&CG 算法进行对比分析,结果如表3所示。
表3中可以看出,基于“源-荷”不确定性的方案成本为45.32万元,平衡度为0.936 2,配电网用电负荷协同控制所花费的成本要比未基于“源-荷”不确定性的更少,低了约22.7%,且平衡度更高,高了约23.8%,表明了基于“源-荷”不确定性设计方案更为合理。另外,再与基于混沌粒子群算法、帝国竞争算法以及C&CG 算法的方法进行比较分析得知,基于“源-荷”不确定性的方案所花费的成本更少、平衡度更高,分别比混沌粒子群算法、帝国竞争算法和C&CG算法成本低约24.9%,21.1%和27.8%;平衡度高约7.1%,4.4%和8.3%,证明了所研究技术更为有效。
本文方法结合不确定性建模和协同控制算法,设计了适应“源-荷”不确定性的多目标函数并引入约束条件,优化了协同控制的平衡度和稳定性。通过改进分群涡流搜索算法,提高了搜索效率和收敛性,应用于解决带有不确定性约束的协同控制问题。
基于上述实验内容,收集历史用电负荷数据并加入不确定性因素的概率分布函数,将“源-荷”不确定性协同控制方法和未采用不确定性建模的方法作为对比实验组,比较两种方法对用电负荷进行预测的准确性。使用均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)来评估预测精度。对比两种方法的实验结果如表4所示。
表4中可以看出,基于“源-荷”不确定性均方根误差小于0.7%,未基于“源-荷”不确定性均方根误差大于0.8%,证明了基于“源-荷”不确定性所设计的方案更为合理。
综上所述,所研究基于“源-荷”不确定性的协同控制方法在配电网用电负荷处理方面表现更为合理、有效,能够降低成本,提高平衡度,并且具备更精准的负荷预测能力。该方法可以有效解决用电负荷分类识别概率过低、用电负荷预测出现较大误差并长期存在发电成本过高、配电平衡度不足等一系列问题。
合理的用电负荷能够极大地降低发电成本,提高发电经济性和可靠性。随着分布式电源大量地接入配电网当中,如何有效分配用电负荷成为了一大难题。在此背景下,本文研究了一种基于“源-荷”不确定性的配电网用电负荷分布式协同控制技术,通过将“源-荷”不确定性考虑在内,设置了多目标函数,构建基于“源-荷”不确定性的用电负荷协同出力模型,并利用改进分群涡流搜索算法进行了优化求解,得到用电负荷协同控制方案,最后进行仿真实验测试。通过成本及平衡度的对比分析,表明所研究技术花费的成本更少,平衡度更高,证明了方案的有效性和实用性。并且研究结果还表明,分布式协同控制是智能配电网的重要组成部分,通过协同控制,进一步优化了对能源的分配和调度,减少了能源浪费,提高了能源利用效率,同时还促进了可再生能源的消纳和利用,推动了绿色能源的发展。随着物联网、云计算、大数据等技术的不断发展,配电网的智能化水平将不断提升,为用电负荷的分布式协同控制提供了更加强大的技术支撑。
  • 国网冀北电力有限公司经济技术研究院技术成本类项目(B3018F220002)
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25658
  • 接收时间:2024-02-26
  • 首发时间:2025-12-10
  • 出版时间:2024-12-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26
  • 修回日期:2024-04-02
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国网冀北电力有限公司经济技术研究院技术成本类项目(B3018F220002)
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    国网冀北电力有限公司经济技术研究院,北京 100070
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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