Article(id=1205533796843119429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205533795375113021, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24825, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1669824000000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-01, revisedDate=1673884800000, revisedDateStr=2023-01-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765351254902, onlineDateStr=2025-12-10, pubDate=1734624000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765351254902, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765351254902, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765351254902, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1205533795375113021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='12', pageStart='3', pageEnd='93', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765351254552, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765351619801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205535327520817992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205533795375113021, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205535327520817993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205533795375113021, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=79, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1205533797027668809, articleId=1205533796843119429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Short-term Wind Direction Prediction Based on Laser Wind Measurement Radar and Improved NESN, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the accuracy and stability of short-term wind direction prediction,a wind direction prediction method based on lidar wind data and an improved nonlinear echo state network (NESN) model was proposed.First of all,wind direction data 100 meters ahead of the wind turbine was obtained by laser wind detection radar. Secondly,the multivariate polynomial function was used to construct the nonlinear relation of the internal state of the reserve pool,the order of the weight matrix and the complexity of model calculation were reduced.Finally,the prediction model was established and the simulation prediction was carried out on different lidar data sets.The results show that compared with the nonlinear echo state network and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS),the mean absolute error (MAE),root mean square error (RMSE),normalized mean absolute error (NMAE)and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE)of the improved NESN model are significantly reduced,and the prediction accuracy and stability are improved.The accuracy of the wind turbine alignment the wind direction is improved and the mechanical loss of yaw is reduced.

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为了提高短期风向预测的准确性和稳定性,提出一种基于激光雷达测风数据及改进非线性回声状态网络(NESN)模型进行风向预测。首先,通过激光测风雷达获取风机前方100 m的风向数据;其次,采用多元多项式函数构建储备池内部状态的非线性关系,减少权重矩阵的阶数,降低模型计算的复杂度;最后,建立预测模型,分别在不同的激光测风雷达数据集上展开仿真预测。结果表明,与非线性回声状态网络和自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)相比,改进NESN模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、归一化平均绝对误差(NMAE)和归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)明显降低,预测精度和稳定性有所提升;提高了风机对风精度,降低了偏航机械损耗。

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何山(1974—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为可再生能源发电与并网控制,Email:
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布宪帅(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为风电机组偏航控制优化,Email:

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布宪帅(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为风电机组偏航控制优化,Email:

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figureFileSmall=TpT9ob6x79C2NA417tlQ9g==, figureFileBig=lMTG3HLumpg1BT51UIh+hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205544438136308099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205533796843119429, language=CN, label=图11, caption=偏航误差概率分布对比, figureFileSmall=TpT9ob6x79C2NA417tlQ9g==, figureFileBig=lMTG3HLumpg1BT51UIh+hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205544438253748616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205533796843119429, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

NMAE values in different sample ranges

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预测模型 NMAE/%
1~50 1~100 51~100 101~200 1~200
ANFIS 2.06 2.15 2.11 8.15 5.17
NESN 1.33 0.92 0.51 2.23 1.63
改进NESN 1.2 0.84 0.48 1.85 1.35
), ArticleFig(id=1205544438400549259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205533796843119429, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同样本范围内的NMAE值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测模型 NMAE/%
1~50 1~100 51~100 101~200 1~200
ANFIS 2.06 2.15 2.11 8.15 5.17
NESN 1.33 0.92 0.51 2.23 1.63
改进NESN 1.2 0.84 0.48 1.85 1.35
), ArticleFig(id=1205544438501212558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205533796843119429, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

NRMSE values in different sample ranges

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预测模型 NRMSE/%
1~50 1~100 51~100 101~200 1~200
ANFIS 1.49 1.01 1.35 7.75 3.03
NESN 1.45 0.81 0.47 2.71 1.13
改进NESN 1.09 0.61 0.38 2.5 1.01
), ArticleFig(id=1205544438635430292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205533796843119429, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同样本范围内的NRMSE

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预测模型 NRMSE/%
1~50 1~100 51~100 101~200 1~200
ANFIS 1.49 1.01 1.35 7.75 3.03
NESN 1.45 0.81 0.47 2.71 1.13
改进NESN 1.09 0.61 0.38 2.5 1.01
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基于激光测风雷达及改进NESN的短期风向预测
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布宪帅 1 , 何山 1, 2
电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024,54(12): 79-85
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电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024, 54(12): 79-85
基于激光测风雷达及改进NESN的短期风向预测
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布宪帅1 , 何山1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 新疆大学 电气工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 2 可再生能源发电与并网控制教育部工程研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 布宪帅(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为风电机组偏航控制优化,Email:

通讯作者:

何山(1974—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为可再生能源发电与并网控制,Email:
Short-term Wind Direction Prediction Based on Laser Wind Measurement Radar and Improved NESN
Xianshuai BU1 , Shan HE1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,Xinjiang,China
  • 2 Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Renewable Energy Power Generation and Grid Connection Control,Urumqi 830017,Xinjiang,China
出版时间: 2024-12-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24825
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为了提高短期风向预测的准确性和稳定性,提出一种基于激光雷达测风数据及改进非线性回声状态网络(NESN)模型进行风向预测。首先,通过激光测风雷达获取风机前方100 m的风向数据;其次,采用多元多项式函数构建储备池内部状态的非线性关系,减少权重矩阵的阶数,降低模型计算的复杂度;最后,建立预测模型,分别在不同的激光测风雷达数据集上展开仿真预测。结果表明,与非线性回声状态网络和自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)相比,改进NESN模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、归一化平均绝对误差(NMAE)和归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)明显降低,预测精度和稳定性有所提升;提高了风机对风精度,降低了偏航机械损耗。

激光测风雷达  /  风向预测  /  非线性回声状态网络  /  偏航

In order to improve the accuracy and stability of short-term wind direction prediction,a wind direction prediction method based on lidar wind data and an improved nonlinear echo state network (NESN) model was proposed.First of all,wind direction data 100 meters ahead of the wind turbine was obtained by laser wind detection radar. Secondly,the multivariate polynomial function was used to construct the nonlinear relation of the internal state of the reserve pool,the order of the weight matrix and the complexity of model calculation were reduced.Finally,the prediction model was established and the simulation prediction was carried out on different lidar data sets.The results show that compared with the nonlinear echo state network and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS),the mean absolute error (MAE),root mean square error (RMSE),normalized mean absolute error (NMAE)and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE)of the improved NESN model are significantly reduced,and the prediction accuracy and stability are improved.The accuracy of the wind turbine alignment the wind direction is improved and the mechanical loss of yaw is reduced.

laser wind measurement radar  /  wind prediction  /  nonlinear echo state network (NESN)  /  yaw
布宪帅, 何山. 基于激光测风雷达及改进NESN的短期风向预测. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (12) : 79 -85 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24825
Xianshuai BU, Shan HE. Short-term Wind Direction Prediction Based on Laser Wind Measurement Radar and Improved NESN[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (12) : 79 -85 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24825
由于风向的随机性和不稳定性,风机对风存在误差和滞后,影响风能利用率,因此风向预测对于风能的规划调度具有重要意义[1-3]。随着风电渗透率的增长,风电场数据的预测精度亟待提高。风电场一般由风速风向仪采集的信号来调节偏航控制系统,导致其滞后于风向变化。风向预测可用于风力发电机以实现最佳偏航控制,从而减少偏航误差并提高发电量[4]
激光测风雷达较传统测风仪能有效地获取高时间、空间分辨率和高精度的大气风向实时信息[5]。基于激光测风雷达数据可更加精准地预测下一时间点或时间段的风电场风向,并进行预偏航控制。文献[6]通过对激光测风雷达在机舱上的实际应用研究,发现将其应用于风电机组的偏航控制系统,可提前预测风向,减少偏航误差。
为了提高风向预测的准确性,国内外学者提出许多方法。文献[7]采用随机Markov链模型模拟风向时间序列;文献[8]对风向样本进行了聚类分析。上述两种方法虽然易于实现,但存在模型定阶、参数估计问题。文献[9]提出一种神经网络和模糊神经推理系统组合的自适应神经模糊推理系统(adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system,ANFIS)进行预测;文献[10]使用基于自回归综合移动平均线的卡尔曼滤波模型来预测风向;文献[11]提出一种变分模态分解(variational model decomposition,VMD)和蝙蝠算法(bat algorithm,BA)优化长短期记忆(long short-memory term,LSTM)神经网络的风向预测模型,采用变模态分解降低复杂度。上述模型虽然具有自学习、非线性逼近的能力,但其复杂度高,易陷入局部最优,且对参数调整有较强的依赖性。
回声状态网络(echo state network,ESN)可有效处理非线性及混沌时间序列预测问题。在输入为非线性的模式下表现出色,能够保证全局最优。ESN也存在一些问题需要克服,例如储备池的适应性、稳定性问题等。
因此,众多学者针对储备池及权重矩阵进行改进。文献[12]采用互补型集成经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)处理时间序列,利用模糊熵降低计算规模;文献[13]提出了一种链式多子网ESN,构建一个简单的结构化混合网络,提高预测精度。上述策略需要扩大储层权重矩阵,以满足ESN的稳定条件。文献[14-15]提出多储层ESN模型,减少单个储层内各单元的耦合效应,提高处理时间序列的能力,但储层的数量设置存在困难。文献[16]采用具有生物特性的储层,虽然提高了预测精度和收敛速度,但增加了模型的复杂度和计算量。文献[17]提出一种拉普拉斯回声状态网络(Laplacian echo state network,LAESN),克服了储备池不适应问题。
基于以上研究,本文提出基于激光测风雷达数据及改进NESN(nonlinear echo state network)模型,对风电场风向进行预测。该模型以激光测风雷达所测风机前方100 m处风向数据为基础,结合改进NESN模型,提高风轮面风向预测精度。以非线性函数构建NESN储备池内部状态之间的非线性关系,简化内部网络,降低模型复杂度,且预测精度不会随时间降低。通过与ANFIS和NESN模型的对比,改进NESN模型在风向预测方面的效果更佳。仿真结果表明,基于激光测风雷达数据及改进NESN模型可以快速精确预测风向,提高偏航对风精度。
由于低空大气中气溶胶粒子浓度较高,且其散射系数较低,具有良好的跟随性,故以其为探测对象。发射装置向前方位置发射激光脉冲波,遇到气溶胶粒子后脉冲信号发生散射,接收器接收回波信号得出频域信息,根据多普勒频移效应计算风向。激光测风雷达原理如图1所示。图中, v r为气溶胶粒子沿雷达径向速度; Δ v为粒子与雷达信号间相对位移速度。
激光测风雷达发射信号为
s ( t ) = A c o s ( ω 0 t + φ )
式中: A为发射信号振幅; ω 0为发射信号频率; φ为信号的随机初相位。
散射后的返回信号为
s r ( t ) = s ( t - t 0 ) = A c o s [ ω 0 ( t - 2 l / c ) + φ ]
式中:l为信号源与目标的间距; c为光速。
t s后,散射回波信号被系统接收。此时,发射信号与返回信号的相位差为
φ t = - ω 0 t 0 = - 4 π l t λ
其中 l t = l 0 - Δ v t
式中: l 0 t = 0时刻雷达与目标的距离; λ为雷达信号的波长。
多普勒频移 f D可表示为
f D = 1 2 π d φ d t = 2 Δ v λ
根据多普勒射束摆动原理,绘制激光雷达测风三维矢量图,如图2所示。图中, v为测量点的实际风速; v r θ θ分别为0°,90°,180°,270°)为4个径向风速; β为实际风速与径向风速的夹角; γ为径向与中轴线的夹角; x , y , z为空间直角坐标系坐标轴; v x , v y , v z为沿空间直角坐标系xyz轴方向的风速分量。
图2几何关系可得:
v x = v r 90 ° + v r 270 ° 2 s i n γ
v = v r 0 + v r 180 ° 2 s i n γ
β = a r c t a n ( v y / v x )
由以上可得激光测风雷达预测风向。本文基于激光测风雷达所测风向数据,对未来不同时段的风向进行预测。
ESN是一种离散时间循环神经网络,其储备池内部状态的关系为线性[18]。ESN的标准组成部分为具有K个神经元的输入层、包含N个内部神经元的储备池层和具有L个神经元的输出层。输入层与储备池层之间的连接为 N × K阶权重矩阵,储备池层内部的互连为 N × N阶权重矩阵。在训练前,权重矩阵是固定的,为区间[-1,1]上随机选择的对称矩阵。储备池与输出层之间的连接为 L × N阶权重矩阵,其权重系数通常由最小二乘法调整。
为了保证ESN的回声状态特性,储备池内部连接权重矩阵 W的谱半径必须小于1。一般将其缩放为 a W | λ m a x |,其中 | λ m a x |为谱半径, a为缩放系数(0< a<1)。
令表示输出状态的激活函数为 f o u t = f 1 o u t ,   f 2 o u t ,   f 3 o u t ,   ,   f L o u t,通常选用双曲正切函数[19]。确定激活函数后,用递归最小二乘算法计算输出权重矩阵 U
U = [(X T X ) - 1     (X T D ) ] T
式中: X为内部状态矩阵; D为训练样本的输出矩阵。
内部状态 x t和输出状态 y t的更新公式如下所示:
x t + 1 = f ( V × S t + 1 + W × x t + T × y t )
y t + 1 = f o u t ( U × x t + 1 )
式中: f为储备池内部状态的激活函数; S t + 1 t + 1时刻的输入向量; V为输入权重矩阵; T为反馈权重矩阵。
非线性回声状态网络的特点为:设计一个读出层,并采用非线性函数构建内部状态的非线性关系[20]。相比线性形式,非线性形式可以提供更好的学习能力和更高的预测精度。NESN通过减少储备池神经元,很大程度上减少了储备池内部权重矩阵和反馈权重矩阵的维度。
储备池内部状态如下式:
x N E S N = f ( x ) = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + . . . + a n x n
其中

x = [ x 1 ,   x 2 ,   x 3 ,   ,   x p ]

x n = [ x 1 n ,   x 2 n ,   x 3 n ,   ,   x p n ]

式中: p为储备池内神经元的个数; n为构建储备池内部状态之间关系的非线性函数的阶数; a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , , a n为内部状态向量的权重系数; x p为内部状态向量第 p个神经元的值。
NESN采用形如式(11)的无内部状态乘积的多项式函数 f x,而改进NESN采用包含不同内部状态乘积的多变量多项式函数构建读出层。如图3结构图所示,改进NESN相比于NESN,使用了更少的储备池内部神经元,进一步提高了处理复杂非线性问题的能力,模型计算的复杂度也相应降低。内部状态向量更新公式如下:
x t + 1 = f ( W × x t + V × S t + 1 + T × y t )
式中:S为输入向量, S R K × 1x为内部状态向量, x R p × 1y为输出向量, y R L × 1
读出向量为
x ¯ t + 1 = [ x t + 1       x t + 1 2       i 1 = 1 p i 2 = 1 p x i 1   ( t + 1 ) · x i 2   ( t + 1 ) 2 ]           x ¯ R p 2 + 2 p × 1
其中
x t + 1 2 = [ x 1 ( t + 1 ) 2 ,   x 2 ( t + 1 ) 2 ,   x 3 ( t + 1 ) 2 ,   ,   x p ( t + 1 ) 2 ]
式中: p为储备池内神经元的个数, [ N p + 2 ]
图3中,矩阵 W表示储备池内部状态之间的关系, W R p × p W中的值为对称区间上随机生成的固定值:
W = [ w i j ] p × p         w i j - 1,1 ; i , j = 1,2 , , p
矩阵 V表示输入与储备池内部状态之间的关系, V R p × K V中的值为随机选择的固定值:
V = [ v i j ] p × K         v i j ( - 1,1 ) ; i = 1,2 , , p ;   j = 1,2 , , K
输出矩阵 U R L × p 2 + 2 p定义为
U = [ u i j ] L × p 2 + 2 p         u i j ( - 1,1 ) ; i = 1,2 , , L ;   j = 1,2 , , 2 p + p 2
输出反馈矩阵 T R p × L定义为
T = [ t i j ] p × L         t i j ( - 1,1 ) ; i = 1,2 , , p ;   j = 1,2 , , L
式中: K为输入神经元数量; L为输出神经元数量。
改进NESN的构建过程与NESN相同。改进NESN风向预测流程图如图4所示。
第1步,读取激光测风雷达所测风向及相关气象数据(大气压强、温度、湿度)作为输入层数据样本,对其进行归一化处理,将数据集分为训练集和测试集。
第2步,设置初始储备池规模大小 p,初始化输入权重矩阵 V,选取双曲正切函数作激活函数。初始化储备池内部权重矩阵 W,并将其缩放使得谱半径小于1。采用多元多项式函数构建读出层,提高储备池的非线性动态存储能力。
第3步,将训练数据集输入模型,记录并更新储备池内部状态。计算出输出权重,构建改进NESN模型。
第4步,将测试集数据输入改进NESN模型,输出层输出风向预测结果,进行反归一化处理,与实际风向对比并作误差分析。
参数设置如下:输入神经元数量 K = 4;输出神经元数量 L = 1;储备池稀疏度范围[0.01,0.5];谱半径范围为[0.1,0.99];NESN的内部神经元数量为34,改进NESN的内部神经元数量为12。
由于风的随机性,以风向风速仪所测信号作为输入,执行偏航时偏航滞后且存在较大误差。采用基于激光测风雷达及改进NESN的风向预测数据进行偏航控制,可提前感知风向,提高对风精度。
偏航流程图如图5所示,详细描述如下:
1)获取激光测风雷达所测风向数据,剔除异常数据,数据归一化处理并建立风向预测模型;
2)预测出到达风轮面的风向 β(即实际风速与径向风速的夹角)与机舱位置对比计算出偏航误差角 α
3)判断误差角是否超过所设阈值,若超过则进行偏航调整机舱角度使其对风,反之则偏航不动作保持机舱位置不变。
为了验证改进NESN模型的风向预测性能,搭建预测模型,并与NESN 和ANFIS模型在相同条件及参数设置下进行预测效果对比。本文选取新疆某风电场,采样间隔为10 min的激光测风雷达数据(1 064组)作为测试数据,并与相同条件下的风轮面实际风向数据对比,验证各预测模型性能。实际风向数据由风电场提供。将每个数据集分为两个不相交的部分进行训练和测试,其长度分别为 l t r a i n = 200 l t e s t = 864。采用平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、归一化平均绝对误差(NMAE)和归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)来评估模型的性能。
图6为ANFIS,NESN和改进NESN 3种模型在200个训练样本中数据序列80~180的预测结果。为了验证所提出的模型在训练样本中的预测效果,表1表2展示了3种模型在不同范围(1~50,1~100,51~100,101~200,1~200)的NMAENRMSE值。前100个样本ANFIS模型和NESN模型的NMAE值分别高出改进NESN模型60.9%和9.52%;后100个样本分别高出77.3%和17%。对于NRMSE指标,前100个样本ANFIS模型和NESN模型分别高出改进NESN模型39.6%和24.7%;后100个样本高出67.7%和7.7%。改进NESN模型在不同范围内均优于ANFIS和NESN模型。
风向预测采用6 d的数据,每天包含144个采样点。其中一天的风向预测结果如图7所示。图7a为ANFIS模型预测结果,其数值误差较大,平均绝对误差约为10°;图7b为NESN模型预测结果,与实际风向趋势相近,预测效果有一定的提升,验证了该模型具有较好的非线性特性;图7c为改进NESN模型预测结果,预测精度有明显提升,平均绝对误差维持在3°左右,具有较强的稳定性。
图8为3种模型风向预测数据的误差对比。第1天,改进NESN的平均绝对误差(MAE)为3.1°,分别比ANFIS和NESN给出的MAE值低39.2%和13.8%。而对于RMSE指标,改进NESN的值为3.7°,低于ANFIS的值(5.6°)和NESN的值(4.5°)。从第2天开始,ANFIS的RMAENRMSE值显著增加,NESN也略有变化,而改进NESN几乎保持不变。综合考虑,该模型可有效预测风向变化,预测结果更准确。
随着天数的推移,预测精度是否下降是风向预测的重点之一,这也是改进NESN的一个明显优势。与第1天相比,改进NESN的MAE值只增加了6.4%,NESN增加了16.6%,而ANFIS增加了196.07%。结果表明,所提出的改进NESN模型的预测稳定性优于ANFIS和NESN。
为了验证所提出的模型具有普适性,随机选取一天进行风向预测,预测结果如图9所示。误差分析结果表明,改进NESN模型的MAE值为3.04°,分别比ANFIS模型和NESN模型低43.4%和9.5%;RMSE值为3.6°,低于ANFIS模型的值9.1°和NESN模型的值4.3°。
基于激光测风雷达数据及改进NESN的预测模型可以准确预测风向变化,误差小、精度高。将预测数据作为偏航控制系统输入参数,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建风机偏航控制系统模拟偏航动作,并与传统偏航作对比分析。预测前、后机舱角度对比如图10所示。
图10中可以看出,预测前的偏航控制不能根据风向变化实时调节机舱角度,导致偏航滞后,而该预测模型可以根据预测数据提前偏航,提高对风精度。与预测前相比,预测后偏航动作次数在2 h内减少了4次,说明该模型可通过提前感知风向减少无效偏航,有效降低机械损耗。
根据实时风向与机舱位置,得出偏航误差概率分布对比如图11所示。可以看出,以风向预测数据为输入的偏航控制系统偏航误差角集中分布于[-12°,12°],说明该风向预测模型可以有效提高偏航控制系统的对风精度。
为了提高风向预测的精度和稳定性,本文提出一种基于激光测风雷达数据及改进NESN的风向预测模型,通过仿真分析及模型对比,得出以下结论:
1)基于激光测风雷达数据,改进NESN模型可精准预测风向变化,模型内部状态之间的非线性关系增强了学习能力,保证风向预测的稳定性;
2)将预测的风向数据作为偏航控制系统的输入,可有效提高偏航控制系统的对风精度。提前感知风向,偏航控制系统提前动作,对提高风功率捕获和降低偏航损耗具有重要的工程意义。
  • 新疆自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2021I010)
  • 新疆自治区重点实验室开放课题(2022D04029)
  • 新疆自治区重点研发项目(2022B01003-3)
  • 新疆大学课程思政标杆课项目(XJU2022BGK27)
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2024年第54卷第12期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24825
  • 接收时间:2022-12-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-10
  • 出版时间:2024-12-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-01
  • 修回日期:2023-01-17
基金
新疆自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2021I010)
新疆自治区重点实验室开放课题(2022D04029)
新疆自治区重点研发项目(2022B01003-3)
新疆大学课程思政标杆课项目(XJU2022BGK27)
作者信息
    1 新疆大学 电气工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    2 可再生能源发电与并网控制教育部工程研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017

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何山(1974—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为可再生能源发电与并网控制,Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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