Article(id=1205158462046057178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205158458619306387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24832, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1669996800000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-03, revisedDate=1672243200000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765261768113, onlineDateStr=2025-12-09, pubDate=1721404800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765261768113, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765261768113, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765261768113, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1205158458619306387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='7', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765261767296, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765261938922, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205159178575782323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205158458619306387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205159178575782324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1205158458619306387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=66, endPage=72, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1205158462733923057, articleId=1205158462046057178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Fault Identification Simulation of Distribution Network Based on Digital Twin with Local Abnormal Factors, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to further improve the accuracy of fault identification of local abnormal factors in distribution network,a digital twin based fault identification simulation of local abnormal factors in distribution network was proposed. Through real-time acquisition of electrical parameters of distribution network operation and preprocessing,the fault feature matrix based on time series was extracted,and the multidimensional scaling (MDS)method was used to detect the abnormal physical nodes of distribution network from the reduced dimension fault features. Then,the fault section corresponding to the abnormal physical nodes was obtained according to the distribution network topology. Finally,the local abnormal factor value corresponding to each physical node was calculated with local outlier factor (LOF)algorithm,so as to obtain the fault diagnosis results and complete the accurate identification of distribution network faults. The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve accurate identification of distribution network faults.

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为进一步提高对配电网局部异常因子故障辨识的精度,提出基于数字孪生的配电网局部异常因子故障辨识仿真。通过实时获取配电网运行电气参数并进行预处理,以此为基础提取基于时间序列的故障特征量列矩阵,使用多维标度分析(MDS)方法从降维处理后的故障特征中检测出配电网异常物理节点,再根据配电网网络拓扑得到异常物理节点对应的故障区段,最后结合局部异常因子(LOF)算法计算各物理节点所对应的局部异常因子值,从而获取故障诊断结果,完成对配电网故障的精准辨识。仿真结果表明,运用该方法可以实现对配电网故障的精准辨识。

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梁海生(1979—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电网工程数字化,Email:

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梁海生(1979—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电网工程数字化,Email:

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梁海生(1979—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电网工程数字化,Email:

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Industrial Engineering Journal, 2020, 23(3):145-153., articleTitle=A LOF algorithm-based multiva-riate process monitoring scheme for mixed-type data, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1205208438767854171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, awardId=521304170028, language=CN, fundingSource=国家电网公司科技项目(521304170028), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205208434649047525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205208434657436134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, companyId=1205208434649047525, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Economic and Technical Research Institute,Shanghai 200002,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205208434670019047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, companyId=1205208434649047525, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网上海市电力公司经济技术研究院,上海 200002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1205208437392122387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Operation feature extraction process of distribution network, figureFileSmall=cPlaZM7ytKXHN7rWCXoCow==, figureFileBig=D0RJkWDwChbITz2zUABMLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208437522145816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=CN, label=图1, caption=配电网运行特征提取流程, figureFileSmall=cPlaZM7ytKXHN7rWCXoCow==, figureFileBig=D0RJkWDwChbITz2zUABMLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208437643780637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Node structure of distribution network, figureFileSmall=46PX8Yf+rVNcjz3M1b3gzg==, figureFileBig=lWe4z6O45au4X6VF0zjhlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208437757026848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=CN, label=图2, caption=配电网节点结构图, figureFileSmall=46PX8Yf+rVNcjz3M1b3gzg==, figureFileBig=lWe4z6O45au4X6VF0zjhlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208437887050274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Current amplitude detection results of different, figureFileSmall=nn8cNk3gq8glRnXHDxz2fA==, figureFileBig=Ha4lz4vVfwuDbY5kEMy/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208438029656616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同故障辨识方法的电流幅值检测结果, figureFileSmall=nn8cNk3gq8glRnXHDxz2fA==, figureFileBig=Ha4lz4vVfwuDbY5kEMy/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208438105154095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Voltage amplitude detection results of different methods fault identification methods, figureFileSmall=63V9JEpDfXJeiRZrsVb1Ng==, figureFileBig=TWcruqM9CciGUEIRcjYFLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208438189040179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同方法的电压幅值检测结果, figureFileSmall=63V9JEpDfXJeiRZrsVb1Ng==, figureFileBig=TWcruqM9CciGUEIRcjYFLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205208438306480703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Details of hardware and software parameters

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计算机系统 项目 参数
硬件方面 CPU i5 7200U
主频 2.5 GHz
物理内存 32 GB
软件方面 操作系统 Windows 10
开发语言 Python
语料提取工具 AntConc
向量训练工具 Word2vec
数据库处理工具 SQL server 2019
), ArticleFig(id=1205208438377783879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

硬件、软件参数详情表

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计算机系统 项目 参数
硬件方面 CPU i5 7200U
主频 2.5 GHz
物理内存 32 GB
软件方面 操作系统 Windows 10
开发语言 Python
语料提取工具 AntConc
向量训练工具 Word2vec
数据库处理工具 SQL server 2019
), ArticleFig(id=1205208438482641485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Test results of fault identification accuracy of different methods

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待检测节点
数量/个
辨识精度测试结果/%
所提方法 文献[1-2]方法 文献[3-4]方法
5 100 100 99.25
10 100 99.68 98.99
15 99.98 98.66 97.48
20 99.57 97.81 96.33
25 98.73 96.96 95.87
), ArticleFig(id=1205208438579110481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1205158462046057178, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同方法的故障辨识精度测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待检测节点
数量/个
辨识精度测试结果/%
所提方法 文献[1-2]方法 文献[3-4]方法
5 100 100 99.25
10 100 99.68 98.99
15 99.98 98.66 97.48
20 99.57 97.81 96.33
25 98.73 96.96 95.87
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基于数字孪生的配电网局部异常因子故障辨识仿真
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电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024, 54(7): 66-72
基于数字孪生的配电网局部异常因子故障辨识仿真
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梁海生
作者信息
  • 国网上海市电力公司经济技术研究院,上海 200002
  • 梁海生(1979—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电网工程数字化,Email:

Fault Identification Simulation of Distribution Network Based on Digital Twin with Local Abnormal Factors
Haisheng LIANG
Affiliations
  • State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Economic and Technical Research Institute,Shanghai 200002,China
出版时间: 2024-07-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24832
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为进一步提高对配电网局部异常因子故障辨识的精度,提出基于数字孪生的配电网局部异常因子故障辨识仿真。通过实时获取配电网运行电气参数并进行预处理,以此为基础提取基于时间序列的故障特征量列矩阵,使用多维标度分析(MDS)方法从降维处理后的故障特征中检测出配电网异常物理节点,再根据配电网网络拓扑得到异常物理节点对应的故障区段,最后结合局部异常因子(LOF)算法计算各物理节点所对应的局部异常因子值,从而获取故障诊断结果,完成对配电网故障的精准辨识。仿真结果表明,运用该方法可以实现对配电网故障的精准辨识。

数字孪生  /  配电网  /  故障辨识  /  局部异常因子  /  运行特征分析

In order to further improve the accuracy of fault identification of local abnormal factors in distribution network,a digital twin based fault identification simulation of local abnormal factors in distribution network was proposed. Through real-time acquisition of electrical parameters of distribution network operation and preprocessing,the fault feature matrix based on time series was extracted,and the multidimensional scaling (MDS)method was used to detect the abnormal physical nodes of distribution network from the reduced dimension fault features. Then,the fault section corresponding to the abnormal physical nodes was obtained according to the distribution network topology. Finally,the local abnormal factor value corresponding to each physical node was calculated with local outlier factor (LOF)algorithm,so as to obtain the fault diagnosis results and complete the accurate identification of distribution network faults. The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve accurate identification of distribution network faults.

digital twins  /  distribution network  /  fault identification  /  local anomaly factor (LOF)  /  operation characteristic analysis
梁海生. 基于数字孪生的配电网局部异常因子故障辨识仿真. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (7) : 66 -72 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24832
Haisheng LIANG. Fault Identification Simulation of Distribution Network Based on Digital Twin with Local Abnormal Factors[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (7) : 66 -72 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24832
电力系统的安全稳定运行,是确保经济社会稳定发展的重要基础性保障。在配电网系统发生故障后,能够及时准确地对其故障产生原因和故障区段进行高效而精准地辨识,对后续故障处理以及恢复正常供电具有重要的价值和意义。由于传统配电网故障识别技术已经无法满足配电网更新的拓扑结构,所以,研究提出更加科学高效的配电网故障检测方法,成为了目前电力行业亟待解决的问题。
文献[1]针对配电网故障母线接地时的故障点状态无法精准判断的问题,详细分析配电网线路重载、轻载的电气量特征差异;基于配电网支路负荷电流,推导出配电网母线电流表达式;利用幅值与相位偏移度建立故障阈值门槛,计算配电网异常位置负荷电流幅值与相位偏移度;最后将计算结果与制定的阈值门槛实施对比,基于对比结果完成配电网的故障辨识。文献[2]基于建立的配电网中性点,并在其中注入特征等效回路,测算配电网的多频导纳参数以及阻尼参数;再对故障过渡电阻阻尼实施叠加处理,对配电网故障特征有效放大,大幅度降低干扰影响,完成配电网高阻接地故障的辨识。文献[3]首先通过深度置信网络(deep belief network,DBN)特征提取方法获取暂态电压时域波形数据,完成暂态电压时域波形特征的提取;再基于提取的特征建立配电网故障识别模型,采集配电网故障数据展开训练;最后将数据训练结果放入识别模型中,基于模型输出结果完成配电网故障的精准辨识。文献[4]基于改进哈里斯鹰优化算法的有源配电网故障区段定位方法,通过混沌映射改善初始种群和将逃逸能量非线性化,以加快哈里斯鹰优化算法的收敛速度,再通过结合黄金正弦算法跳出局部最优,在IEEE33节点有源配电网模型上进行仿真测试表明改进后的哈里斯鹰优化算法能较大程度加快收敛速率,故障定位方法具有很高的容错率。
因数据孪生技术可以通过刻画运行画像,准确获取配电网的运行特征,根据该特征采集结果可以进一步优化配电网故障辨识效果[5]。为此,本文提出基于数字孪生的配电网局部异常因子故障辨识方法。
在配电网故障辨识前,运用数字孪生技术[6-7]建立虚拟空间对物理电网实施映射交互,刻画配电网运行画像,从而实现对配电网的运行特征的详细分析,以此为基础完成配电网故障特征指标的获取。
配电网故障辨识之前,根据数字孪生技术刻画配电网运行画像获取配电网的运行特征,通过数字孪生技术构建配电网运行画像,具体刻画流程如图1所示。
步骤1:首先采集配电网运行数据。根据固定采样间隔获取配电网的日负荷状态,建立配电网日负荷状态量的量测序列值,在此过程中设定配电网数据采样间隔为 t,配电网台区编号描述成 k,配电网的日负荷状态量的量测序列值表述形式如下式所示:
Q T = Q 1,1 T Q 1,2 T Q 1 , t T Q 2,1 T Q 2,2 T Q 2 , t T Q k , 1 T Q k , 2 T Q k , t T
式中: Q T为配电网的日负荷状态量的量测序列矩阵; Q k , t T为矩阵向量。
由于数字孪生电网与数据在交互过程中需要分析配电网运行数据驱动的物理特性,基于上述获取配电网的日负荷状态量的量测序列取得配电网不同采样时刻的潮流状态数据序列[6],表述形式如下式所示:
Q L = Q 1,1 L Q 1,2 L Q 1 , t L Q 2,1 L Q 2,2 L Q 2 , t L Q k , 1 L Q k , 2 L Q k , t L
式中: Q k , t L为物理配电网运行数据驱动下,孪生电网的 k台区 t采样时段的潮流负荷数据; Q L 为配电网潮流状态数据序列矩阵。
步骤2:基于上述确定的配电网日负荷序列值以及潮流状态负荷值,获取配电网线路状态标签体系[7]。数字孪生画像技术在配电网运行路线刻画时,需要基于指定的标签描述配电网的一系列特征,从而完成对象的刻画。
首先基于上述确定的电网日负荷序列值以及潮流状态值建立反映配电网用电行为以及线路运行状态的特征状态指标,通过对指标的区间量化结果,来完成对标签的建立[8]
建立标签时,选取配电网日负荷率 y 1、峰谷差率 y 2、峰期负荷率 y 3、谷期负荷率 y 4、尖峰电力贡献率 y 5以及尖峰电量贡献率 y 6作为配电网用电特性指标,标签集合描述为 Y = { y 1 , y 2 , , y 6 }形式。线路负载特征标签注定时,选取配电网线路平均日负荷 x 7、最大荷载 x 8、最小荷载 x 9以及日荷载越限率 x 10作为配电网线路状态特征,标签表述为 X = { x 7 , x 8 , x 9 , x 10 }形式。
步骤3:由于配电运行过程存在不确定性,会随着季节等外部环境条件的变化而发生变化,因此上述确定的配电网特征标签,需要结合配电网历史运行数据,采用云模型数据驱动完成配电网运行状态的刻画,从而获取配电网的综合时间尺度特征[9]
首先基于数字孪生配电网采集一段时间内的样本序列值,并将其设定成 A = { A 1 , A 2 , , A k , , A N }形式,其中配电网历史数据样本日单位样本描述成 A k形式,样本总数量记作 N形式。然后,再对样本的各项特征指标展开计算,获取配电网日样本 k的各项特征向量值 A k = { a i k , a 2 k , , a 10 k },以此形成云滴。云滴形成后,对云模型参数展开计算。通过确定的模型参数完成模型隶属度的获取,具体隶属度获取流程如下式所示:
α i = e - ( a i - E a i ) 2 2 E n i 2
式中: α i为模型的隶属度; E a i为云滴群隶属度; a i为配电网特征标签; n为配电网历史数据的状态维度; e为云模型的熵值期望分布; E n i为配电网历史数据的状态维度隶属度。
最后,基于上述流程完成配电网运行特征标签以及历史数据隶属度的获取,从而实现对配电网运行画像的刻画,完成配电网运行特征的获取。
根据刻画的配电网运行状态,对配电网采集实际数据展开对比,通过配电网故障时馈线的特征量与实际数据之间的差异对比结果,即可获取配电网的故障特征值。
首先基于刻画的当前时刻配电网,采集当前状态下配电网运行数据,并通过现有的配电网线路测量设备采集配电网 n种运行状态下馈线的 b种故障特征[10],过程如下式所示:
δ ω ' = { δ ω 1 ' , δ ω 2 ' , , δ ω b ' }
式中: δ ω 1 ' , δ ω 2 ' , , δ ω b '为配电网 ω种工况状态下提取的故障特征, ω为整数; δ ω '为故障特征集合。
由于配电网不同状态下的故障特征值差异较大,因此可基于标准化处理方法对故障特征实施标准化处理,结果如下式所示:
δ n = δ n ' - 1 n n = 1 n δ n ' 1 n - 1 n = 1 n ( δ n ' - 1 n n = 1 n δ n ' )
式中: δ n为标准化后配电网 n个样本; δ n '为故障特征标准化结果。
配电网正常运行时,表征电网节点的运行状态特征经数据处理后建立的高维状态监测矩阵行向量之间无明显差异,处理后的节点高维空间也较为相似,不存在异常因子。但是,当配电网出现故障时,其故障区域节点就会离开正常节点,使节点不再聚成一类。所以,在其出现故障时可以通过局部异常因子的检测结果,完成对配电网故障的精准辨识。
为有效辨识配电网局部异常因子故障,需要通过三个环节实现配电网局部异常因子故障识别,分别为:数据处理、数据分析及故障辨识[11]。根据上述提取的配电网故障特征,以此为基础从中选取电流和功率两种参数作为电气特征量,利用选取的特征量对配电网故障数据处理后,结合分析的数据结果展开配电网局部异常因子故障辨识,实现配电网局部异常因子故障辨识研究[12]
MDS方法主要是根据配电网节点在空间中的相对距离去描述节点之间的相似程度。配电网故障节点的欧几里得距离要远大于正常节点距离值[13],因此可在维持配电网各个节点相对关系的前提下,对获取的配电网故障特征向量实施降维处理,降维流程如下:
1)基于欧几里得距离公式以及状态监测矩阵,构建配电网节点的相似性矩阵,获取节点相似性矩阵元素,结果如下式所示:
d i j = γ = 1 ϕ ( x i γ - x j γ ) 2
式中: x i γ x j γ为状态矩阵中 i行和 j行内第 γ个状态值; ϕ为状态量数量; d i j为配电网节点在高维空间中的相对距离。
2)基于上述获取的矩阵特征值,计算节点中心内积矩阵,矩阵元素表述形式如下所示:
φ i j = - 1 2 d i j 2 + 2 2 n ( j = 1 n d i j 2 + i = 1 n d i j 2 ) - 2 2 n 2 i = 1 n j = 1 n d i j 2
式中: φ i j为配电网节点中心的内化积矩阵元素。
3)基于获取的配电网节点中心的内化积矩阵元素,获取不同节点的特征根以及正交化特征向量,过程如下式所示:
η 1 η 2 0 ι i T ι i = η 1         i = 1,2
式中: η 1 η 2为节点特征根; ι i为正交特征向量。
4)基于获取的配电网节点正交特征向量,建立配电网节点的正交化特征向量矩阵 J = [ ι 1 , ι 2 ],矩阵中的行向量可看做配电网状态监测矩阵降维后二维空间坐标值。
状态监测矩阵在经过降维分析处理后,基于LOF算法[14]对配电网节点展开度量,获取配电网异常节点,表征出节点的局部异常程度,确定配电网故障类型,实现配电网故障的精准辨识。具体流程如下:
1)基于上述检测矩阵降维处理结果,获取各个配电网节点与相邻节点之间的距离,并将其记作 K d i s t ( p )形式。
2)根据上述节点距离计算结果,设定配电网节点邻域节点集合为 M k { p },该节点集合中节点与节点 p之间的距离要小于节点 p K距离值,表述形式如下式所示:
M k { p } = { q M / { d i s t ( p , q ) } K d i s t ( p ) }
式中: d i s t ( p , q )为节点 q与节点 p之间空间距离; M k { p }为配电网节点邻域节点集合。
3)基于上述计算结果,获取配电网节点 p相对于其他节点之间的局部可达距离值,以此获取节点之间的局部可达密度,计算结果如下两式所示:
W D ( p , q ) = m a x { K d i s t ( q ) ,   K d i s t ( p , q ) } S r d , k ( p ) = | M k { p } | q M k { p } W D ( p , q )
式中: W D ( p , q )为节点之间的局部可达距离; S r d , k ( p )为局部可达密度; | M k { p } |为节点 p K邻域节点数量。
4)基于上述获取的各项参数,计算配电网各个节点电流、电压异常时的局部异常因子值 S k (p) ,过程如下式所示:
S k ( p ) = q M k { p } S r d , k ( p ) S r d , k ( q ) | M k { p } |
基于上述配电网局部异常因子值计算结果,当配电网节点 p内电流值、电压值偏离程度相对较大,节点间相对距离较远,节点局部异常因子值较大。反之则配电网节点的局部异常因子值较小[15]。配电网正常运行时,网络节点相似会聚为一类,网络中不会存在异常因子。而配电网存在故障时,故障区域内的节点不会聚为一类,节点中出现异常因子。因此,可将配电网故障辨识因子设定成LOF值整定节点,再根据配电节点实际计算结果,完成配电故障的精准识别。
为了验证上述配电网故障辨识方法的整体有效性,分别采用基于数字孪生的配电网局部异常因子故障辨识方法(所提方法)、配电网快速故障点转移熄弧方法的有效性在线辨识研究(文献[1-2]方法)、基于多频导纳测量的配电网接地故障辨识方法(文献[3-4]方法)开展配电网故障辨识测试,以验证不同方法在配电网故障辨识时的有效性。
测试过程中利用PSCAD仿真软件构建包含27个节点的10 kV配电网仿真模型,具体配电网节点结构如图2所示。
设定选取的配电网节点中,U1为故障段位置,U2为参考的正常运行节点区段,受配电运行过程不确定性、季节等外部环境条件引起的环境噪声为35 dB。仿真参数如表1所示。
基于上述3种方法开展故障辨识。通过对故障位置电流幅值、电压幅值以及故障类型的识别精度3个方面验证上述3种故障辨识方法的辨识性能。
配电网运行过程中,故障节点位置的电流及电压幅值均会与正常节点的电流、电压值出现较大差异[16]。开展配电网故障节点辨识时,若无法有效检测出实际故障的电流、电压幅值,会直接影响故障的辨识效果,因此采用所提方法、文献[1-2]方法及文献[3-4]方法进行配电网故障识别时,测试不同方法检测出的配电网故障节点段电流幅值以及电压幅值,测试结果如图3图4所示。
分析图3图4可知,在配电网节点故障辨识过程中,所提方法检测出的配电网故障位置电流幅值以及电压幅值均与故障点实际电流、电压幅值一致;文献[1-2]方法在计算配电网异常位置负荷电流幅值与相位偏移度时,由于未能考虑环境噪声带来的影响,导致在检测过程中存在较大误差。而文献[3-4]方法直接通过配电网故障过渡电阻阻尼叠加处理,放大配电网故障特征来辨识配电网故障节点,导致在故障辨识时检测出的电流、电压幅值均与实际结果之间存在较大差距,检测结果不理想。由此可知,所提方法在刻画配电运行特征过程中,考虑了其不确定性以及外部环境等因素的影响,获取了更精准的配电网运行状态画像,优化了配电网故障辨识效果。
基于上述测试结果,继续采用所提方法、文献[1-2]方法以及文献[3-4]方法进行配电网故障识别,以测试上述3种方法的故障识别精度,结果如表2所示。
分析表2可知,待检测节点数量为10个时,本文所提检测方法、文献[1-2]方法以及文献[3-4]方法辨识精度测试结果分别为100%,99.68%,98.99%;当待检测节点数量为25个时,本文所提检测方法、文献[1-2]方法以及文献[3-4]方法辨识精度测试结果分别为98.73%,96.96%,95.87%。可看出随着配电网检测数量的增加,3种方法检测出的故障辨识精度均出现不同程度的下降趋势。其中,所提方法的测试结果要远远高于其他两种方法的测试结果。
综合上述仿真结果可知,文献[1-2]方法以及文献[3-4]方法进行配电网异常因子故障辨识时,效果均不理想,而本文所提方法开展配电网故障辨识时,其辨识性能更高,辨识效果更好。
随着配电网拓扑结构越来越复杂,配电网故障辨识就变得越来越重要。针对传统配电网故障辨识方法中存在的问题,所提方法基于配电网运行特征分析结果,获取配电网节点故障特征,并以此为基础对配电网节点展开聚类处理,计算出节点的局部异常因子。通过局部异常因子的计算结果,实现了对配电网故障类型的辨识。但是,由于在提取配电网故障特征时复杂度较高,今后还需要针对不同故障问题继续优化该辨识方法。
  • 国家电网公司科技项目(521304170028)
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2024年第54卷第7期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24832
  • 接收时间:2022-12-03
  • 首发时间:2025-12-09
  • 出版时间:2024-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-03
  • 修回日期:2022-12-29
基金
国家电网公司科技项目(521304170028)
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    国网上海市电力公司经济技术研究院,上海 200002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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