Article(id=1203038991923769717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1203038986534085494, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25245, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1689436800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-16, revisedDate=1701619200000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764756447058, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764756447058, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764756447058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764756447058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203038986534085494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764756445773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764756666322, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203039911638163741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1203038986534085494, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203039911638163742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1203038986534085494, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=42, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203038992175427969, articleId=1203038991923769717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=FMSS Positive and Negative Sequence Current Compensation VSG Control When Three-phase Voltage Imbalance Occurs in the Power Grid, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Flexible multi-state switch (FMSS) is a new type of power electronic device that replaces traditional tie switches and is applied to modern distribution networks. It can optimize the consumption and regulation of distributed power sources in modern distribution networks. The FMSS controlled by VSG is not affected by the deterioration of phase-locked loop performance in weak power grid environments,it can provide frequency support to the grid at low grid strength,thus enhancing the stability of the system. As a device connected to the distribution network,FMSS,when there is three-phase imbalance in the grid voltage,the output current of FMSS under traditional VSG control will become unstable,and the power will also fluctuate significantly,greatly reducing the efficiency of the grid connection point. To address this issue,based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) structure and the traditional VSG control strategy,positive and negative sequence current compensation was introduced to achieve the stability of FMSS output current,active power,and reactive power under unbalanced power grids. Finally,a four terminal FMSS model was built using Matlab/Simulink,and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified through the simulation.

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柔性多状态开关(FMSS)是一种取代传统联络开关应用于现代配电网的新型电力电子设备,能够优化现代配电网分布式电源的消纳和调控。和传统控制算法相比,采用VSG控制的FMSS不受弱电网环境下锁相环性能恶化的影响,在低电网强度下能够向电网提供频率支撑,从而增强系统的稳定性。FMSS作为接入配电网的装置,当电网电压发生三相不平衡现象时,传统VSG控制下的FMSS输出电流、功率会发生明显的波动,并网点的效率会大大降低。针对此问题,以模块化多电平变流器(MMC)结构为基础,在VSG控制策略的基础上引入正负序电流补偿,分别实现不平衡电网下FMSS输出电流、有功功率及无功功率的稳定。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink搭建四端FMSS模型,利用仿真验证所提控制策略的有效性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
魏炜(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为柔性多状态开关,Email:
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王正齐(1984—),男,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为新型智能配电设备及其应用,Email:

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王正齐(1984—),男,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为新型智能配电设备及其应用,Email:

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电网电压三相不平衡时FMSS正负序电流补偿型VSG控制
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王正齐 1 , 魏炜 2
电气传动 | 新能源输配电系统柔性互联装备及控制技术 2024,54(4): 34-42
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电气传动 | 新能源输配电系统柔性互联装备及控制技术 2024, 54(4): 34-42
电网电压三相不平衡时FMSS正负序电流补偿型VSG控制
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王正齐1 , 魏炜2
作者信息
  • 1 南京工程学院 电力工程学院,江苏 南京 211167
  • 2 国网扬州供电公司,江苏 扬州 225000
  • 王正齐(1984—),男,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为新型智能配电设备及其应用,Email:

通讯作者:

魏炜(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为柔性多状态开关,Email:
FMSS Positive and Negative Sequence Current Compensation VSG Control When Three-phase Voltage Imbalance Occurs in the Power Grid
Zhengqi WANG1 , Wei WEI2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electric Power Engineering,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,Jiangsu,China
  • 2 State Grid Yangzhou Power Supply Company,Yangzhou 225000,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2024-04-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25245
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柔性多状态开关(FMSS)是一种取代传统联络开关应用于现代配电网的新型电力电子设备,能够优化现代配电网分布式电源的消纳和调控。和传统控制算法相比,采用VSG控制的FMSS不受弱电网环境下锁相环性能恶化的影响,在低电网强度下能够向电网提供频率支撑,从而增强系统的稳定性。FMSS作为接入配电网的装置,当电网电压发生三相不平衡现象时,传统VSG控制下的FMSS输出电流、功率会发生明显的波动,并网点的效率会大大降低。针对此问题,以模块化多电平变流器(MMC)结构为基础,在VSG控制策略的基础上引入正负序电流补偿,分别实现不平衡电网下FMSS输出电流、有功功率及无功功率的稳定。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink搭建四端FMSS模型,利用仿真验证所提控制策略的有效性。

不平衡电网  /  柔性多状态开关  /  模块化多电平变流器  /  正负序电流补偿

Flexible multi-state switch (FMSS) is a new type of power electronic device that replaces traditional tie switches and is applied to modern distribution networks. It can optimize the consumption and regulation of distributed power sources in modern distribution networks. The FMSS controlled by VSG is not affected by the deterioration of phase-locked loop performance in weak power grid environments,it can provide frequency support to the grid at low grid strength,thus enhancing the stability of the system. As a device connected to the distribution network,FMSS,when there is three-phase imbalance in the grid voltage,the output current of FMSS under traditional VSG control will become unstable,and the power will also fluctuate significantly,greatly reducing the efficiency of the grid connection point. To address this issue,based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) structure and the traditional VSG control strategy,positive and negative sequence current compensation was introduced to achieve the stability of FMSS output current,active power,and reactive power under unbalanced power grids. Finally,a four terminal FMSS model was built using Matlab/Simulink,and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified through the simulation.

unbalanced power grid  /  flexible multi-state switch(FMSS)  /  modular multilevel converter(MMC)  /  positive and negative sequence current compensation
王正齐, 魏炜. 电网电压三相不平衡时FMSS正负序电流补偿型VSG控制. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (4) : 34 -42 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25245
Zhengqi WANG, Wei WEI. FMSS Positive and Negative Sequence Current Compensation VSG Control When Three-phase Voltage Imbalance Occurs in the Power Grid[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (4) : 34 -42 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25245
“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标对现代电力系统提出了新的要求[1],配电网作为电力系统的重要一环,正承受着以新能源汽车为代表的大量不稳定负荷馈入的压力,面临严峻的挑战[2-3]。现有配电网结构丞待优化,接入设备自动化程度低且维修成本高、电能质量难以为继、供电可靠性低等诸多问题日益凸显[4-5],因此,大力发展能够灵活控制潮流的智能配电网成为了国内外学者的共识[6]
柔性多状态开关虽问世不久,但突破了传统开关在闭合次数、冲击电流等方面的技术限制,能够迅速检测和隔离故障,及时恢复负载供电,满足现代配电网分布式电源的消纳、提升区域稳定性及其他特殊电力需求[7]。柔性多状态开关由软常开开关(soft normally open point,SNOP)发展而来[8]。这种新型的电力电子设备一经提出迅速受到业内学者的关注,天津大学王成山教授团队在此领域研究较深。传统FMSS多为两端口背靠背结构,通过外环功率控制和内环电流控制维持直流侧电压的稳定,以便实现系统功率传输[9]。相比之下,四端FMSS可以实现不同电压等级和系统之间的潮流互济,故障时能准确隔离目标,改善优化配电网的调控能力,在平衡馈线负载、减少系统功率损耗和改善电压等级等方面有较大优势,但控制策略也更加复杂[10]。目前常见的协调控制策略可总结为两大类:跟网型控制(grid-forming)以及构网型控制(grid-following)[11-12]。跟网型控制主要利用锁相环(phase locked loop,PLL)跟踪交流母线电压的相角实现与电网的同步,典型的控制方法有PQ控制、定直流电压控制等[13]。但在弱电网环境下,跟网型控制由于锁相环的存在,与电流控制的耦合现象加重,易造成系统失稳[14]。构网型控制主要通过功率控制实现电网同步,典型的控制方法有下垂控制和虚拟同步控制[15]。构网型控制能解决跟网型控制低惯量、无法支撑系统动态过程所需的功率等问题。虚拟同步控制属于典型的构网型控制,不同于传统控制方法零阻尼零惯量的特点,VSG模拟同步电机的输出特性,使FMSS从外特性上具备阻尼特性和惯性[16],满足电网的调节需求,改善配网的运行能力。VSG最初由荷兰学者在虚拟同步机课题中提出,该课题提出逆变器VSG控制,通过仿真测试,在实验室样机上验证了控制性能的可行性。国内钟庆昌教授团队提出了具有同步发电机特性的控制方法,在原有的基础上加入阻尼及惯性控制,引入转动方程和电磁方程,从而进一步改善虚拟同步机使其更加贴近真实的同步电机,给电力系统提供阻尼特性和惯量[17]。后续学者的实验也表明VSG控制与传统控制策略相比具有较大的优势,将对配电网的稳定性起到不容忽视的作用[18]
在FMSS的各种拓扑结构中,模块化多电平变流器由于其特殊的结构,得到了广泛的关注和研究。MMC各子模块所受电压应力较小,可工作在较低开关频率下,能够面对更高的电压等级和更大的容量需求;同时其输出特性亦具备谐波含量少、波形质量高、可扩展性好等诸多优势[19]
本文的研究对象是以MMC结构为基础的四端口FMSS。分析了FMSS的数学模型和原理,重点讨论电网电压不平衡时VSG的运行特性。由于传统VSG控制不能满足不平衡电网下FMSS系统的稳定,引入正负序电流补偿,旨在实现不平衡电网下FMSS输出电流、有功和无功功率的稳定。
图1为四端口FMSS系统拓朴,图2为MMC的示意图。
图2可知,MMC系统的输入端为三相交流电,输出端为上、下桥臂中点,上、下桥臂包含的子模块数和电感值相等,本文采用的子模块为半桥结构,各子模块内部的功率管和电容参数均相同。直流侧电压依靠子模块电容支撑,由于子模块数相同从而保证直流侧电压的稳定。通过控制桥臂子模块的投切,进一步控制MMC的输出电压,实现功率的连续可控。
根据系统的对称性,以A相MMC为例进行分析,其结构如图3所示。
由MMC结构的对称性,可得A相各桥臂电流:
i p a = - i d c 3 - i o a 2 i n a = - i d c 3 + i o a 2
根据KCL定律,可得输出侧相电压和上、下桥臂输出电压的表达式:
U o a = U n a - U p a 2 + L d ( i n a - i p a ) / d t + R 2 ( i n a - i p a )
同理可得直流侧电压和上、下桥臂输出电压的表达式:
U d c = U p a + U n a + R ( i p a + i n a ) + L d ( i p a + i n a ) / d t
由于MMC的三相对称性,另外两相分析同A相,因此可得MMC在静止坐标系下的数学模型:
U s a = ( L s + 0.5 L ) d i o a / d t + ( R s + 0.5 R ) i o a + ( U n a - U p a ) / 2 U s b = ( L s + 0.5 L ) d i o b / d t + ( R s + 0.5 R ) i o b + ( U n b - U p b ) / 2 U s c = ( L s + 0.5 L ) d i o c / d t + ( R s + 0.5 R ) i o c + ( U n c - U p c ) / 2
设:
V k = ( U k n - U k p ) / 2 L o = L / 2 + L s S o = R / 2 + R s
将式(5)代入式(4)得简化后的MMC数学模型:
U s a = V a + L o d i o a / d t + R o i o a U s b = V b + L o d i o b / d t + R o i o b U s c = V c + L o d i o c / d t + R o i o c
引入d-q旋转坐标系对式(2)和式(3)进行坐标变换,可得:
L d i d / d t = - R i d + ω L i q + u s d - e d L d i q / d t = - R i q - ω L i d + u s q - e q
由式(7)可以看出基于MMC结构的FMSS有着非线性和强耦合性,这为下文VSG的运行特性分析提供了理论基础。
VSG控制下的MMC接入电网的示意图如图4所示。
忽略开关器件的损耗可得VSG在a-b-c静止坐标系下的数学模型,以a相为例进行分析:
L 2 d i 2 a ( t ) d t = u c a ( t ) - e g a L 1 d i 1 a ( t ) d t = u a ( t ) - u c a ( t ) C f d u c a ( t ) d t = i c a = i 1 a - i 2 a C d u d c ( t ) d t = i d c - k = a , b , c S k ( t ) i 1 k ( t )
式中: S k ( t )为全控型器件的开关函数,导通为1,关断为0。
bc两相的分析同a相。由图4中三相三线的结构可知,VSG中不存在零序分量,由对称分量法分析可得机端电压表达式为
u c a u c b u c c = U + c o s ( ω 0 t + φ + ) U + c o s ( ω 0 t + φ + - 120 ° ) U + c o s ( ω 0 t + φ + + 120 ° ) + U - c o s ( ω 0 t + φ - ) U - c o s ( ω 0 t + φ - + 120 ° ) U - c o s ( ω 0 t + φ - - 120 ° )
α-β坐标系下可表示为
u c α u c β = u c α + u c α + + u c α - u c α - = U + c o s ( ω 0 t + φ + ) U + s i n ( ω 0 t + φ + ) + U - c o s ( ω 0 t + φ - ) - U - s i n ( ω 0 t + φ - )
式中: U + U -分别为机端电压的正序分量和负序分量; φ + φ -分别为机端电压正序和负序相位角的初始值; ω 0为角频率。
同理可得输出电流的时域表达式:
i 1 α i 1 β = i 1 α + i 1 α + + i 1 α - i 1 α - = I 1 + c o s ( ω 0 t + θ + ) I 1 + s i n ( ω 0 t + θ + ) + I 1 - c o s ( ω 0 t + θ - ) - I 1 - s i n ( ω 0 t + θ - )
式中: I 1 + I 1 -分别为MMC侧电流的正序分量和负序分量; θ + θ -分别为输出电流的正序和负序相位角的初始值。
输出的瞬时有功和无功功率表达式为
P = R e ( S ) = p 0 + p c o s 2 c o s ( 2 ω 0 t + 2 φ + ) + p s i n 2 s i n ( 2 ω 0 t + 2 φ + ) Q = I m ( S ) = q 0 + q c o s 2 c o s ( 2 ω 0 t + 2 φ + ) + q s i n 2 s i n ( 2 ω 0 t + 2 φ + )
p 0 q 0 p c o s 2 p s i n 2 q c o s 2 q s i n 2 = u c d p + u c q p + u c d n - u c q n - u c q p + - u c d p + u c q n - - u c d n - u c d n - u c q n - u c d p + u c q p + u c q n - - u c d n - - u c q p + u c d p + u c q n - - u c d n - u c q p + - u c d p + - u c d n - - u c q n - u c d p + u c q p + i 1 d p + i 1 q p + i 1 d n - i 1 q n -
式中: p 0 q 0分别为输出的瞬时有功功率和无功功率平均值; p c o s 2 q c o s 2分别为有功和无功功率的二次余弦波动值; p s i n 2 q s i n 2分别为有功和无功功率的二次正弦波动值。
在电网电压三相不平衡时,FMSS输出的电流三相不平衡,含有正序和负序分量,输出的瞬时有功功率不仅包含有功功率平均值 p 0,而且包含以2倍电网频率波动的有功功率余弦分量 p c o s 2 c o s ( 2 ω 0 t + 2 φ + )和正弦分量 p s i n 2 s i n ( 2 ω 0 t + 2 φ + )。同理,无功功率中也含有无功功率平均值和以2倍电网频率波动的无功功率余弦分量以及正弦分量。
分析式(13)可以分别设计旋转坐标系下的正序和负序电流指令,以实现电网电压不平衡情况下,输出电流的三相平衡、有功功率的稳定和无功功率的稳定这三个目标。
当以输出电流三相平衡为目标时,要求电流负序分量为0,即 i 1 d n - *= i 1 q n - *=0。上标“ *”表示各个分量的参考值,以机端电压矢量正序分量为基准进行旋转坐标系正负序定向,得 u c q p +=0。进一步得正序电流和负序电流参考值在d-q旋转坐标系下的表达式:
i 1 d p + * = p * / u c d p + i 1 q p + * = - q * / u c d p + i 1 q n - * = 0 i 1 d n - * = 0
式中:下标“dp”,下标“qp”分别表示旋转坐标系下正序d轴和q轴分量;下标“dn”,下标“qn”分别表示旋转坐标系下负序d轴和q轴分量。
当以有功功率稳定为目标时,要求 p c o s 2= p s i n 2=0,即抑制了有功功率的2倍频波动,此时正序和负序电流参考值为
i 1 d p + * = p * / [ u c d p + ( 1 - k d d 2 - k q d 2 ) ] i 1 q p + * = - q * / [ u c d p + ( 1 + k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) ] i 1 q n - * = - k d d i 1 d p + * - k q d i 1 q p + * i 1 d n + * = - k q d i 1 d p + * + k d d i 1 q p + *
其中 k q d = u c q n -/ u c d p + k d d = u c d n -/ u c d p +
式中:kqdkdd为电网电压不平衡参数。
当以无功功率稳定为目标时,要求 q c o s 2= q s i n 2=0,即抑制了无功功率的2倍频波动,此时正序和负序电流参考值为
i 1 d p + * = p * / [ u c d p + ( 1 + k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) ] i 1 q p + * = - q * / [ u c d p + ( 1 - k d d 2 - k q d 2 ) ] i 1 q n - * = k d d i 1 d p + * + k q d i 1 q p + * i 1 d n + * = k q d i 1 d p + * - k d d i 1 q p + *
由上述三种目标的数学表达式可以看出,当以电流三相平衡为目标时,由于负序电压和正序电流的影响,有功功率和无功功率的2倍频波动仍然存在。当以有功或无功功率稳定为目标时,由于负序电压的影响使得负序电流不为0,电流三相不平衡的情况仍然存在。所以针对上述三种控制目标,下文将设计相应的控制策略分别使得电流三相平衡、有功功率稳定以及无功功率稳定。
根据第2节的分析,在电网电压不平衡时,要想输出的电流保持平衡,便要消除电流中的负序分量,令之为0,使最终输出的电流中只含有正序分量。又因为VSG有功-频率控制以及无功-电压控制分别输出相位角 θ和电势参考值 E r e f,结合第2节的分析得到三相参考电压 u *,对 u *进行d轴定向dq分解得到电压正序分量 u d + *以及 u q + *,由于参考电压 u *为三相平衡电压,即负序分量为0,所以可得输出电流正序分量的参考值为
i d p + * i q p + * = Y u d + * u q + * - e d + e q +
式中:Y为阻抗矩阵; e d + e q +分别为电压正序d轴和q轴分量。
电流参考值计算框图如图5所示。
为实现电流三相平衡的目标,需要分别跟踪电流的正序和负序分量参考值,将参考值送到MMC中的前馈解耦控制环,得到d-q旋转坐标系下的正序和负序电压调制信号,再通过正弦脉宽调制,最终得到MMC输出三相电压。上述过程需要对电流和电压的正负序分量进行独立控制,因此为进行正负序分离,利用基于广义积分器(reduced order generalized integrator,ROGI)的提取方法获得正负序分量。ROGI响应快,准确度高,特别适用于弱电网环境下电网电压电流正负序的提取,与VSG应用场景十分切合[20]
得到分离的正、负序分量后,根据机端正序电压矢量定向进行电压和电流正、负序分量的d-q旋转坐标变换,之后将瞬时功率输入到VSG控制中得到电压参考值,再通过电压参考值的计算得到机端电压正序指令值,将其送入电压环中得到正序电流指令值,而负序电流指令值设置为0,接着跟踪正序负序指令,得到旋转坐标系下的电压,最终将d-q/a-b-c坐标变换后的值送入SPWM调制模块得到最终的控制信号,电流平衡策略控制图如图6所示。用 i ˜ 1 d q p + i ˜ 1 d q n -分别表示正序和负序电流指令补偿值,在电流平衡时补偿值均为0。
根据前文的分析,电流平衡控制输出的正序电流指令可以和式(14)中的电流参考值等价,而在电网电压不平衡时,根据功率表达式得到的电流指令可以看出,当电网不平衡参数 k d d k q d 固定后,式(15)中正、负序电流参考值和VSG电流平衡控制的指令值之间存在数学关系,即先补偿VSG平衡控制正序和负序电流的指令值,再跟踪补偿之后的电流指令值,如此便能达到抑制有功功率2倍频波动的目标。固定基准电流指令值为电流平衡时的正、负序指令,结合式(14)和式(15)不同目标时的电流参考值可得,当以抑制有功功率2倍频波动为目标时,正、负序电流补偿值的表达式为
i ˜ l d p + = i 1 d p + * ( k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) / ( 1 - k d d 2 - k q d 2 ) i ˜ l q p + = - i 1 q p + * ( k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) / ( 1 + k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) i ˜ l q n - = - k d d i 1 d p + * - k q d i 1 q p + * i ˜ 1 d n - = - k q d i 1 d p + * + k d d i 1 q p + *
式中:上标“~”代表电流补偿值; i 1 d p + * i 1 q p + *分别为VSG电流平衡控制的正序d轴和q轴指令。
负序电流指令基准值为0,最终得到改进后的VSG电流平衡控制的内环控制框图,如图7所示。
抑制无功功率2倍频波动的方法同3.2节,先补偿以无功功率稳定为目标的正、负序电流参考值,再跟踪补偿后的电流值,以此达到抑制无功功率2倍频波动的目标。内环控制框图与图7同理,补偿后的正负序电流表达式为
i ˜ l d p + = - i 1 d p + * ( k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) / ( 1 + k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) i ˜ l q p + = i 1 q p + * ( k d d 2 + k q d 2 ) / ( 1 - k d d 2 - k q d 2 ) i ˜ l q n - = k d d i 1 d p + * + k q d i 1 q p + * i ˜ 1 d n - = k q d i 1 d p + * - k d d i 1 q p + *
以上基于dq轴的改进VSG控制,在电网电压不平衡时,通过VSG电流平衡控制得到了电流基准值,引入电网不平衡参数 k d d k q d ,根据控制目标的不同,得到不同的正、负序电流指令,在跟踪电流指令后,最终达到电流三相平衡、有功功率和无功功率稳定的目标。改进后的VSG控制,基于VSG本体算法,不改变原有控制特性,且在电网出现电压不平衡现象时,无需切换FMSS的控制模式便可实现系统的稳定,切合实际应用。同时在电网电压平衡时,ROGI不发挥作用,不平衡参数 k d d = k q d =0,此时改进后的VSG控制和传统VSG控制一致,不影响FMSS的正常工作。
为了验证基于MMC的四端口FMSS正负序电流补偿型VSG控制在接入不平衡电网时的控制效果,通过Matlab/Simulink平台搭建了四端口FMSS模型。其中MMC1采用定直流电压控制,MMC2采用定功率PQ控制,MMC3采用VSG本体控制,MMC4采用改进VSG控制。FMSS接入电网示意图如图8所示,具体仿真参数为:直流侧电压20 kV,电网电压10 kV,子模块数4,子模块直流电容10 mF,桥臂电感7 mL,桥臂电阻0.1 Ω。
电流平衡控制验证结果如图9所示。仿真总时长设置为1.5 s,其中0~0.5 s时间内,电网电压正常,系统不受影响;0.5 s开始电网电压出现三相不平衡现象。图9b为MMC3未采用VSG改进控制的电流波形,图9c为MMC4采用了改进VSG控制的电流波形,可以明显地看出,当FMSS接入电压三相不平衡的电网时,未采用改进控制的MMC3端口,电流波形发生明显的畸变,三相平衡被打破;改进后的VSG控制则能够在电压不平衡时,有效地保证了电流三相平衡,电流的幅值几乎没有改变;此时因为仅工作在电流平衡模式下,有功功率和无功功率出现了明显的2倍频波动,见图9d图9e;各端口直流电压始终保持恒定,FMSS正常工作。
抑制有功功率波动仿真结果如图10所示。仿真过程共有3 s,0~1 s时电网正常运行,1 s时出现电网电压三相不平衡现象并持续到2 s,2~3 s电网电压恢复正常。图10b为FMSS端口3采用常规VSG控制的功率波形,图10c为FMSS端口4采用改进VSG控制抑制了有功功率波动后的波形。可以看出,采用传统VSG控制在电压三相不平衡时,FMSS的端口会出现明显的2倍频有功功率波动;改进VSG控制由于抑制了有功功率波动,在整个过程中,消除了负序分量的影响,有功功率能保持稳定,几乎无波动。
图11给出了抑制有功功率波动时,有功功率发生变化时的仿真结果,仿真总时长2 s,0~0.5 s时,电网三相平衡,0.5~1 s时,电压三相不平衡,1~2 s时电网电压恢复正常,在0.8 s时有功功率从预设值8 MW分别突变到6 MW和10 MW并保持到仿真结束。从图中可以看出改进VSG控制,在抑制有功功率2倍频波动的同时,能有效地跟踪有功给定值,使FMSS在有功功率发生阶跃变化时迅速做出响应。整个过程系统保持稳定。
抑制无功功率波动仿真结果如图12所示。仿真过程共有1 s,0~0.4 s时电网正常运行,0.4 s开始出现电网电压三相不平衡现象,0.8~1 s电压恢复,无功功率初始值为1 Mvar。图12b图12c分别为FMSS常规VSG控制端口和改进VSG控制端口。常规VSG控制端口在电网电压不平衡时无功功率会出现明显的2倍频波动;改进后的VSG控制能保证无功功率稳定在初值1 Mvar左右。
图13给出了抑制无功功率波动时,无功功率发生阶跃后的仿真结果,仿真总时长1 s,0~0.4 s时,电网三相平衡,0.4~0.8 s时,电压三相不平衡,0.8~1 s时电网恢复正常,在0.6 s时设置端口输出的无功功率分别从给定值1 Mvar阶跃到1.5 Mvar和0.5 Mvar并保持到仿真结束。和抑制有功功率波动的仿真结果类似,改进的VSG端口能及时跟踪无功功率给定值,实现FMSS并网后的无功调节。
本文主要研究电网电压不平衡时,柔性多状态开关正负序电流补偿型VSG控制。针对电网电压不平衡可能导致FMSS输出的电流、有功功率和无功功率2倍频波动等问题,设计基于dq轴的正负序电流补偿型VSG控制,旨在分别达到电流三相平衡、有功功率稳定和无功功率稳定这三个目标。最后通过Matlab平台验证所提策略的有效性并得出以下结论:
1)引入正负序电流补偿后的VSG控制面对不平衡电网,能分别达到抑制电流不平衡、抑制有功功率波动和抑制无功功率波动三种目标。
2)虽然引入了正负序电流补偿,但并未改变VSG本体算法的特性,FMSS依然能够跟踪有功和无功功率的变化并做出响应,向电网提供必要的支撑。
  • 江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(18KJD470004)
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25245
  • 接收时间:2023-07-16
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-16
  • 修回日期:2023-12-04
基金
江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(18KJD470004)
作者信息
    1 南京工程学院 电力工程学院,江苏 南京 211167
    2 国网扬州供电公司,江苏 扬州 225000

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魏炜(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为柔性多状态开关,Email:
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