Article(id=1200482477409162059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1200482473936286279, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24753, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1667750400000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-07, revisedDate=1669046400000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764146926499, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1716134400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764146926499, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764146926499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764146926499, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200482473936286279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='5', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764146925672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224860848, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809357815443757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1200482473936286279, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809357815443758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1200482473936286279, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200482477681791826, articleId=1200482477409162059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Research on Grid Load Control and Planning Technology of Distribution Network Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the grid load control and planning of distribution network,in order to optimize the grid structure of distribution network,such as line loss,power supply quality and load,a grid load control and planning technology based on differential evolution algorithm was proposed. For all kinds of power generation devices in the distribution grid,the power grid planning model was established,the initial population was set and constructed,and the appropriate differential initial vector was selected for mutation processing. On the premise of forming a new individual under the difference increment,in order to improve the diversity of the population of future generations,the differential individual was cross trained by using cross factors to form a new distribution individual. Finally,the greedy selection model was used to evaluate and retain the offspring population,control the active power of controllable load and uncontrollable load,and complete the grid planning. The experimental results show that the load control and planning of distribution grid using differential evolution algorithm are better,the robust performance is superior,and the iteration speed is faster.

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在配电网网格负荷控制与规划中,为优化配电网网格线损、供电质量、负荷等结构性指标,研究提出了一种基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划技术。针对配电网格中各类发电装置,建立电网规划模型,设定和构建初始化种群,选取适当差分初始矢量实施变异处理,在差分增量下构成新个体的前提下,为提高后代种群多样性,利用交叉因子对差分出的个体实施交叉训练,以此形成新的分配个体。最后,利用贪婪选择模式评价和保留子代种群,控制可控负荷和不可控负荷的有功功率,从而完成电网网格规划。实验结果证明,运用差分进化算法对配电网网格的负荷控制和规划效果都比较好,鲁棒性能优越,迭代速度也更快。

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杨毅东(1982—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力工程检修,Email:

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杨毅东(1982—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力工程检修,Email:

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杨毅东(1982—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力工程检修,Email:

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Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2020, 57(16): 101-108., articleTitle=Distribution system operators model based on distribution meshes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200501651216921512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, awardId=SGGSKYOOWYJS2000124, language=CN, fundingSource=国网甘肃省电力公司科技项目(SGGSKYOOWYJS2000124), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200501644984185614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200501644988379920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, companyId=1200501644984185614, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Pingliang Power Supply Company,State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company,Pingliang 744000,Gansu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200501644996768528, 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language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison of three different optimization paths under example 2, figureFileSmall=5FbE7pAMuQNTkeW2pkQW/Q==, figureFileBig=vLZShqH3VzG8kMCVL5om/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200501649518228369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, language=CN, label=图7, caption=算例2下的3种不同方法的寻优路径比较, figureFileSmall=5FbE7pAMuQNTkeW2pkQW/Q==, figureFileBig=vLZShqH3VzG8kMCVL5om/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200501649644057492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Grid load control performance of distribution network, figureFileSmall=llOY6bApB9rGfc579RJbAw==, figureFileBig=dwPuAbLUN5fpieo7NWH9EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200501649753109400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, language=CN, label=图8, caption=配电网网格负载控制性能, figureFileSmall=llOY6bApB9rGfc579RJbAw==, figureFileBig=dwPuAbLUN5fpieo7NWH9EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200501650868794268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Quality analysis of optimal solution with consistent convergence degree

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 最优解出现的
代数范围/次
计算时间范围/s
本文方法 3~25 0.20~5.60
分层控制策略 8~95 0.94~10.40
分布式二次控制策略 12~88 0.83~9.20
), ArticleFig(id=1200501650969457567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482477409162059, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

收敛次数一致的最优解质量分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 最优解出现的
代数范围/次
计算时间范围/s
本文方法 3~25 0.20~5.60
分层控制策略 8~95 0.94~10.40
分布式二次控制策略 12~88 0.83~9.20
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基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划技术研究
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杨毅东
电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024,54(5): 34-40
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电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024, 54(5): 34-40
基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划技术研究
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杨毅东
作者信息
  • 国网甘肃省电力公司 平凉供电公司,甘肃 平凉 744000
  • 杨毅东(1982—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力工程检修,Email:

Research on Grid Load Control and Planning Technology of Distribution Network Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm
Yidong YANG
Affiliations
  • Pingliang Power Supply Company,State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company,Pingliang 744000,Gansu,China
出版时间: 2024-05-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24753
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在配电网网格负荷控制与规划中,为优化配电网网格线损、供电质量、负荷等结构性指标,研究提出了一种基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划技术。针对配电网格中各类发电装置,建立电网规划模型,设定和构建初始化种群,选取适当差分初始矢量实施变异处理,在差分增量下构成新个体的前提下,为提高后代种群多样性,利用交叉因子对差分出的个体实施交叉训练,以此形成新的分配个体。最后,利用贪婪选择模式评价和保留子代种群,控制可控负荷和不可控负荷的有功功率,从而完成电网网格规划。实验结果证明,运用差分进化算法对配电网网格的负荷控制和规划效果都比较好,鲁棒性能优越,迭代速度也更快。

差分进化算法  /  负荷控制  /  配电网  /  规划技术  /  优化控制模型  /  电压特点

In the grid load control and planning of distribution network,in order to optimize the grid structure of distribution network,such as line loss,power supply quality and load,a grid load control and planning technology based on differential evolution algorithm was proposed. For all kinds of power generation devices in the distribution grid,the power grid planning model was established,the initial population was set and constructed,and the appropriate differential initial vector was selected for mutation processing. On the premise of forming a new individual under the difference increment,in order to improve the diversity of the population of future generations,the differential individual was cross trained by using cross factors to form a new distribution individual. Finally,the greedy selection model was used to evaluate and retain the offspring population,control the active power of controllable load and uncontrollable load,and complete the grid planning. The experimental results show that the load control and planning of distribution grid using differential evolution algorithm are better,the robust performance is superior,and the iteration speed is faster.

differential evolution algorithm  /  load control  /  distribution network  /  planning technology  /  optimization control model  /  voltage characteristics
杨毅东. 基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划技术研究. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (5) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24753
Yidong YANG. Research on Grid Load Control and Planning Technology of Distribution Network Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (5) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24753
划分清晰的配电网格网架片区是实行网格化管理的基本要求,对城市及农村的电能运输现状进行系统化分析,有助于辅助之后的配电分布工作。配电网网格规划是指以一定区域性用电需求为基础,以目标网架为导向,将配电网供电范围划分成若干个供电网格,再进一步细分为若干个供电单元,从而更科学合理的开展分层、分级地进行输电管理和作业。运用网格规划配电网系统作业,需要明确网格与负荷之间的变换关系,规划出具有较强适用性与针对性的配电网网格,提高网格化规划自身的可行性。配电网根据网格结构完成分段规划,不断优化网架结构、网格划分、配电网络线损及供电质量等工况条件,使电网负载等各项指标达到最佳均衡状态,切实提高配电网的运行效率与可靠性。
针对配电网网格规划问题,孟明等人[1]研究的分层控制策略,利用并网变流器完成上层调度指令,满足电网系统工作优化状态,利用互联变流器和储能单元变流器,交互控制电网适应恶劣工作环境,通过优化调度指令,实现电网系统运行状态规划。刘骁康等人[2]提出的分布式二次控制法,通过观测器融合电流节点,实现动态反馈电网控制器的具体误差,利用函数方程式分析系统误差闭环,获得矩阵特征值扰动分析结果,实现对电网的稳定性规划。周炳华等人[3]提出计及新负荷的配电网规划关键技术框架研究,文章在对新增的电力负荷分析基础上,针对电力系统中各种新的影响因子进行了深入的探讨,以期应对新形势下配电网规划工作所面对的问题与挑战,更好地对配电网进行有序的建设。贺兴安等人[4]提出变电站容量与间隔资源的配电网协调规划分析,首先进行外层的方案规划,以改善该地区的负荷集中节点;其次再进行内部规划,依据各区间与负载群的相关关系,进行最优的调节;通过二值微粒群优化方法,得到了最优化的电力系统的负荷和时间间隔。虽然上述研究取得了一定进展,但上述方法没有优先考虑到网格负荷问题,导致迭代速度略慢,规划性能方面不够理想。
根据上述研究背景,针对上述方法存在的不足,本文提出基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划技术。对比前文三种算法,所提出技术的创新点是利用差分进化算法完成电网负荷控制和规划技术。差分进化算法作为一种新型的基于群体智能的演化算法,它在群体智能的指导下,通过团队合作和竞争搜索来实现参数捕获,在减少遗传复杂运作影响的同时可以实时追踪目前的搜寻状况,并及时调整搜索策略,是一种能够快速且准确地查找网络规划的最优解决方案。经过实验分析得到了有效性证明,说明该技术方法具有良好的全局优化效果。
在配电网网格化规划中,形成了“供电区域、供电网格和供电单元”组成的三级网络单元。其中供电网格是在配电网供电区域划分的基础上形成的功能分区,它能够统筹考虑配网建设、运维、抢修服务及管理权限边界。电力系统中的发电机以柴油为动力,利用柴油机将其转化为电力发电,是相对较为常见的微电源装置,在发电机能量转换过程中考虑损耗问题,主要包括发电机冷却损耗(水冷、氢冷、空冷)、发电机风扇鼓风损耗、发电机定子线圈铜损、发电机铁心损耗、发电机转子励磁损耗、转子摩擦损耗等。损耗为额定功率的1%~2%,可以将柴油发电机在能量转换过程中消耗燃料成本函数F1看作是发电机的实际输出功率:
F 1 ( P i ) = α i + β i P i + γ i P i 2
式中: α i β i γ i为柴油发电机对应的动力系数,这三个系数通常情况下是在发电机出厂时已知的;Pi为电网发电机i对应的电力输出功率。
配电网网格中配置小型热动装置,能够有效地整合燃气涡轮发动机在高速运转情况下所产生的电能,电网内该种小型燃气轮机的总效率函数可以表示为
η M T = P n e + P t h , r e e m f × L H V f
式中:Pne为小型燃气轮机的净电力输出值;Pth,ree为燃气轮机对应的恢复热功率; m f为燃料进入能量转换环节的质量流速[5]LHVf为低温燃料的实际加热率。
此时可以计算出小型燃气轮机相应的成本函数:
C M T = C n l J P J η l J
式中: C n l为配电网网格供应给小型燃气轮机的天然气实时售价;PJ 为在一段时间J内燃气轮机的净电力输出值;ηlJ为一段时间J内的电池效率。
在配电网络中,光电发生器装置利用半导体将太阳能转换成电能,这种半导体的平板动作就是利用光的能量转化为非线性直流电源[6]。电机最大功率值由发电机启动,跟踪记录相应的输出功率表示为
P P V = P S T C G m a x G S T C 1 k ( T c - T r ) ]
式中:PPV为在实际光照强度为GING时光伏发电机所输出的实际功率;PSTC为正常测试条件下光伏发电机的最大输出功率;Gmax为正常测试条件下的最强光照强度;GSTC为正常测试条件下的光照强度; k为发电机的电池温度系数;Tc为电池的实际温度值;Tr为温度的参考值。
风力发电机利用涡轮增压来提高风机转速产生更多的风力,从而激励发电机产生电能,对应的输出功率函数为
P W T = 0 v v c i P W T = a × v 3 - b × P r v c i v v r P W T = P r v r v v c o P W T = 0 v v c o
其中
a = P r v r 3 - v c i 3 b = v c i 3 v r 3 - v c i 3
式中:v为风力发电机的风速;vci为风力发电机的切入风速;vr为风力发电机的风速额定值;vco为风力发电机的切出风速;Pr为风力发电机的额定功率。
基于上述计算结果,构建配电网网格模型如图1所示。
为实现对配电网网格的科学规划,选用差分进化算法对网格负荷进行优化控制。首先设定并构建一定规模的初始化种群[7],用 Ω  ={X1X2,…,XNp}表示,Np为初始化种群数量;Xi={xi,1xi,2,…,xiNN},NN为负荷优化问题函数的解空间维数[8],初始化种群内每个研究个体 X i的变量 x i , j G = 0有其固定的法则:
x i ,   j G = 0 = x i ,   j m i n + ( x i ,   j m a x - x i ,   j m i n ) r a n d 0,1
式中: x i ,   j m a x , x i ,   j m i n分别为研究个体 X i中包含的第j个研究个体变化分量的上、下限; r a n d 0,1为0到1之间的随机数值。
基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划,其创新性是对建立好的初始值实施变异处理,在初始化群体中,随机选取3组变量分别对其进行选优,差分矢量通过求变系数得到相应的差值,正常个体通过与被变异的个体结合形成新的个体 V i G
V i G = X r 1 G + F ( X r 2 G - X r 3 G ) i = 1,2 , , N p
式中: X r 1 G , X r 2 G , X r 3 G分别为从父代个体中随机选择的不同个体分量,且r1≠r2≠r3≠iF(·)为柴油发电机在能量转换过程中消耗燃料总成本函数。
为避免变异处理后的个体分量不在可适行区域内的情况发生,需要对差分进化算法下的个体分量开展可行性分析和边界处理。
假设 x i , j G为经过差分得到的第G代种群, v i , j G x i , j G经过变异过后得到的新种群,为了提高和保障子代群体的多样性,必须使用跨因素参数对差分中的个体进行交叉运算,从而形成新的分配个体 U i G
U i G = u i , j G = v i , j G r a n d ( 0,1 ) C R x i , j G o t h e r w i s e
式中:CR为交叉因子。
差分进化算法利用贪婪选择模式对在后代群体 X i G + 1中的个体评估函数比父代 X i G更好时,才能予以保留[9];而父代种群始终是保留在群体中的,评价和选择的过程如下:
X i G + 1 = U i G f ( U i G ) f ( X i G ) X i G o t h e r w i s e
根据对电力用户用电量特征分析,可以把电力系统中的电力负荷分成可控负荷和不可控负荷。在有源配电网络技术和智能化电力技术迅速发展进程中,用户端可控制的负载基数迅速增加,并且控制负载能够自由调整用电时间和用电功率。在负载可控的前提下,用户负载在每个时间都具有调整的弹性,具体如图2所示。
在对负载具备控制能力之前,电力系统的电力消耗是不可控制的,当考虑负载控制后,每一秒的负载都会有相应的调整能力。以不能控制的负载为基础,在最大值和最小值之间响应电力系统的功率调度命令,在较小的范围内调整电力消耗及消耗时间,考虑负载控制后,每一时间段内的负载可以表达为
P t = P b + Δ P t
式中: P t为当前时刻下的负载情况; P b为电网内不可控的负载; Δ P t为可控制的负载,且满足 Δ P t , m i n Δ P t Δ P t , m a x条件。
接下来针对考虑可控负荷的电压特点进行深度分析,其电压分布示意图如图3所示。
根据图3所显示的情况,每一个节点都有一定的受控负载,除去受电源端和分布式发电装置(DG)的影响外,节点电压也会受到可控制负载效应的影响[10]。在计算负载控制状况之后,显示两个节点之间的电压差值和各个节点的实际电压分别表示为
Δ U n - 1 = i = n N ( P i - P i , D G - P i , c t r ) R n - 1 , n U n - 1
U n = U 0 - j = 1 n i = j N ( P i - P i , D G - P i , c t r ) R j - 1 , j U j - 1
其中
P i , c t r = I 1 ' × U 1 ' × c o s φ
式中: P i , D G为分布式发电装置对应的有功功率; P i , c t r为可控制负荷对应的有功功率; R n - 1 , n为电源端对应的有功功率; I 1 '为可控制负荷对应的电流; U 1 '为可控制负荷对应的电压;φ为电压与电流之间的夹角。
由上述公式可知,只要对受控负载进行适当的控制,就能实现对配电系统网格中单个电源节点的电压进行有效调节,并且还会进一步降低分布式电源的波动,而设备的输出波动对电力系统的实际电压也会产生一定影响。
本文基于差分进化算法构建出优化配电网电压调整模型,利用预测分布式发电装置的发电量数值对非控制负荷进行深度预测,在预测过程中采用神经网络预测算法,是一种结构简单、功能强大、应用广泛的机器学习算法,其收敛速度快,能够逼近任意非线性函数。在当前的分布式发电功率负荷预测方面,从输入层通过隐含层到输出层的前向神经网络的输入端,各层之间没有任何的回馈。考虑预测数值与实际值的差异对最终结果的具体影响,利用神经网络预测算法进行了光伏发电的电力需求最终结果预测,其预测的误差在1%~3%之间。由此实现了配电网络中各节点的最优负载的协同优化,使配电网网格的负荷控制达到最优水平[11]
以配电网网格中各个供电节点的电压Ui和系统安全工作状态下的电压下限Umin为基准,计算最小优化目标,每个供电节点的电压与电压下限Umin之间的差值作为惩罚项[12-13],组成目标优化函数,保证了各个供电结点的电压不低于安全作业值。当一个节点的电压在其下限Umin以下,其占据目标函数比例会更高,优化目标函数可表示为下式:
F = m a x [ i = 1 N ( U i - U m i n ) + C j = 1 M ( U j - U m i n ) ]
式中:N为配电网网格的供电节点个数;C为惩罚系数;M为配电网网格中低于Umin的供电节点个数。
在配电网网格中,每个电源结点都存在一个均衡的限制,表达式为
P i , L + P i , c t r = P i + P i , D G
其中 P i , c t r = I 2 ' × U 2 ' × c o s φ
式中: P i , L为不可控制负荷对应的有功功率[14-15] I 2 '为不可控制负荷对应的电流; U 2 '为不可控制负荷对应的电压。
假设 B i j表示供电节点的电纳值,通过控制受控负载的有功功率,完成电网网格内的电压调节,实现网格中有功、无功的相应电压调整和流动限制:
P i = U i j = 1 N U j ( G i j c o s θ i j + B i j s i n θ i j ) Q i = U i j = 1 N U j ( G i j s i n θ i j - B i j c o s θ i j )
式中: G i j为各个供电节点的电导系数; θ i j为电网供电节点的相角差。
则对电网网格安全运行规划需要满足上、下限的约束:
U m i n U i U m a x
实行配电网电压调节时,对可控负荷的规划不能超出当前时间段内可调节的上、下限值:
P i , c t r , m i n Δ P i P i , c t r , m a x
为了深度验证本文研究的基于差分进化算法的配电网网格负荷控制与规划方法是否合理有效,利用IEEE Garver-6系统完成实验测评。选择该IEEE Garver-6系统是因为6号节点是一个孤立节点,参数的基准容量为100 MV·A,在系统初始状态下,网络损耗较小,节点6电压最低。根据配电网的结构及数据参数进行规划分析,通过差分进化算法对多个电网参数进行调试计算,设置种群数Np=150,对跨因素的限制设置为0.2~0.7,变化系数设置为0.2~2,将负荷控制的最大迭代次数设置为100。实际给出的规划方案如图4所示。
为了验证所研究的差分进化算法性能是否优越,将其与分层控制策略和分布式二次控制策略进行比较,其中总计算次数、迭代次数及种群数量分别设置为30次、30次和150种,3种不同方法收敛次数一致的最优解质量分析如表1所示。
表1可以看出,在共同计算次数、迭代次数和种群数量的情况下对3种不同方法进行对比可知,本文所提方法能够得到的最优解方案的速度更快,在迭代速度方面均优于分层控制策略和分布式二次控制策略。其原因是本文方法在对负载具备控制能力前,电力系统的电力消耗是不可控制的,当考虑负载控制后,每一秒的负载都会有相应的调整能力。以不能控制的负载为基础,在最大值和最小值之间响应电力系统的功率调度命令,在较小的范围内调整电力消耗及消耗时间,考虑负载控制后,每一时间段内的负载均满足条件,有利于提高最优解方案的速度。
算例1下的3种不同方法的寻优路径比较如图5所示。
图5可以看出,相比本文方法,其他两种方法都在得到最优解方案之前陷入了长时间的局部极值情况,这证明本文方法综合考虑了配电网网格负荷变化的所有影响因素,所以能够快速得出全局最优解技术方案。
接下来针对IEEE-18节点的配电网系统进行实验测定,该配电网网格系统内包含18个供电节点,其中包含9条已经构建完成的输电线路和33条待选择线路。在IEEE-18节点中所有的实例域、静态域和数组元素都存放在堆内存中,并且这些数据是线程共享的,所以选择该节点系统具有代表性。此时针对差分进化算法的各项参数进行调试,设置种群数量为250种,对跨因素的限制设置为0.2~0.7,变化系数设置为0.2~0.9,实验过程中的最大迭代次数设置为200次,实际给出的规划方案如图6所示。
针对所规划的配电网网格系统,分别采取分层控制策略、分布式二次控制策略和本文方法进行负荷控制和技术规划,实验将迭代次数设置为60次,具体的分析结果如图7所示。
图7显示可知,其他两种方法在路径寻优过程中依旧存在陷入局部极值情况,迭代次数需要超过20次之后才能完全跳出极值点,使得分层控制策略和分布式二次控制法的迭代运行时间更长。结合算例1的计算分析可知,本文方法能够适配各类型的配电网网格负荷控制和技术规划,整体适用性能更高。其原因是本文方法对建立好的初始值实施变异处理,在初始化群体中,随机选取3组变量分别对其进行选优,差分矢量通过求变系数得到相应的差值,即正常个体通过与被变异的个体结合形成新的个体,一定程度上有利于提高整体适用性能。
配电网网格负载控制性能如图8所示。根据图8可以看出,经过本文方法控制后的配电网网格负载变化整体波动较小,相较于控制前的负载变化更加平稳,证明所提方法控制效果较好。其原因是本文方法基于差分进化算法构建出优化配电网电压调整模型,利用预测分布式发电装置的发电量数值对非控制负荷进行深度预测,实现了配电网络中各节点的最优负载的协同优化,使配电网网格的负荷控制达到最优水平,使负载变化更加平稳,控制效果较好。
通过差分进化算法对配电网负荷控制和实行规划,所提出技术的创新点是利用差分进化算法完成电网负荷控制和规划技术,在减少遗传复杂运作影响的同时可以实时追踪目前的搜寻状况,及时调整搜索策略,是一种能够快速且准确地查找网络规划的最优解决方案。通过研究得到如下结论:
1)本文所提方法能够得到的最优解方案的速度更快。
2)本文方法综合考虑了配电网网格负荷变化的所有影响因素,能够快速得出全局最优解技术方案。
3)本文方法能够适配各类型的配电网网格负荷控制和技术规划,整体适用性能更高。
4)经过本文方法控制后的配电网网格负载变化整体波动较小,控制效果较好。
用于实际应用时,在迭代过程中群体能够有效地跳出局部最优解方案,既提升了局部寻优策略,也改善了整体和局部的规划能力,避免了落入到局部极值情况。
我国配电网网格负荷控制与规划技术还在不断发展中,需不断根据配电网的发展对方法进行优化,从而真正准确地为配电网负荷控制与规划提供依据。未来研究工作可以充分考虑控制与规划方法的不同特征,并依据实际开发情况进行全新控制与规划。
  • 国网甘肃省电力公司科技项目(SGGSKYOOWYJS2000124)
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2024年第54卷第5期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24753
  • 接收时间:2022-11-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-07
  • 修回日期:2022-11-22
基金
国网甘肃省电力公司科技项目(SGGSKYOOWYJS2000124)
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    国网甘肃省电力公司 平凉供电公司,甘肃 平凉 744000
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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