Article(id=1200482406265377060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1200482403828495344, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24312, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1650124800000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-17, revisedDate=1652889600000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764146909538, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764146909538, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764146909538, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764146909538, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200482403828495344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='6', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764146908957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224882080, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809446868898278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1200482403828495344, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809446868898279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1200482403828495344, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=29, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200482406483480870, articleId=1200482406265377060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Optimal Dispatching Method for Power System Considering the Flexibility of BESS and PHES, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Making full use of the regulation of flexible resources can effectively suppress the fluctuation of renewable energy generation and ensure the economic and safe operation of power system. An optimal dispatching method for power system considering the flexibility of battery energy storage systems (BESS)and pumped hydro energy storage (PHES)was proposed. Based on the establishment of the flexible ramp-up (FRU)and flexible ramp-down (FRD)requirement model,a mixed-integer linear problem (MILP)based temporal day-ahead security-constrained unit commitment and re-dispatch with the objective of minimizing the cost of energy,reserve,and flexible ramp products (FRP)was formulated for the studies,which was solved using CPLEX solver. The IEEE-RTS-24 node system was taken as an example and the proposed model was studied on 4 cases to verify that the proposed method can effectively improve the operational flexibility of power system and reduce operating cost.

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充分利用灵活性资源的调节能力可有效平抑新能源出力的波动,保证系统经济安全运行。提出一种计及电池储能和抽水蓄能灵活性的电力系统优化调度方法。在建立向上/向下灵活性需求模型的基础上,以调度能量成本、备用成本和灵活调节服务调用成本的总成本最小为目标,建立基于日前安全约束机组组合和实时经济再调度的混合整数线性规划模型,采用CPLEX进行求解。以IEEE-RTS-24节点系统为算例,考虑4种不同典型方案场景,对比验证了所提方法能有效提升系统运行灵活性,降低运行成本。

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傅晨(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网规划、能源经济研究等,Email:

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傅晨(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网规划、能源经济研究等,Email:

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傅晨(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网规划、能源经济研究等,Email:

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Conditions of flexible resources

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灵活性资源 接入节点 容量/MW
常规机组 18 400
21 400
1 150
2 150
15 60
15 155
16 155
23 310
23 350
7 350
13 600
22 300
抽水蓄能 12 200
电池储能 3 50
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灵活性资源接入情况

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灵活性资源 接入节点 容量/MW
常规机组 18 400
21 400
1 150
2 150
15 60
15 155
16 155
23 310
23 350
7 350
13 600
22 300
抽水蓄能 12 200
电池储能 3 50
), ArticleFig(id=1200501572812796478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1200482406265377060, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Scheduling results for different cases

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运行成本/$×105 负荷削减成本/$×105 FRU调用量/(MW·h) FRD调用量/(MW·h)
方案1 4.72 3.14 560.0 4.75
方案2 4.60 2.68 568.3 3.75
方案3 4.58 2.35 772.0 4.25
方案4 4.57 2.5 779.0 6.84
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不同方案的调度结果

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运行成本/$×105 负荷削减成本/$×105 FRU调用量/(MW·h) FRD调用量/(MW·h)
方案1 4.72 3.14 560.0 4.75
方案2 4.60 2.68 568.3 3.75
方案3 4.58 2.35 772.0 4.25
方案4 4.57 2.5 779.0 6.84
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计及电池储能和抽水蓄能灵活性的电力系统优化调度方法
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傅晨 1 , 费斐 1 , 王建军 1 , 郭明星 1 , 林顺富 2 , 张琪 2
电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024,54(6): 29-36
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电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024, 54(6): 29-36
计及电池储能和抽水蓄能灵活性的电力系统优化调度方法
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傅晨1 , 费斐1, 王建军1, 郭明星1, 林顺富2, 张琪2
作者信息
  • 1 国网上海市电力公司 经济技术研究院,上海 200233
  • 2 上海电力大学 电气工程学院,上海 200090
  • 傅晨(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网规划、能源经济研究等,Email:

Optimal Dispatching Method for Power System Considering the Flexibility of BESS and PHES
Chen FU1 , Fei FEI1, Jianjun WANG1, Mingxing GUO1, Shunfu LIN2, Qi ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Economic Research Institute,State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company,Shanghai 200233,China
  • 2 College of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24312
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充分利用灵活性资源的调节能力可有效平抑新能源出力的波动,保证系统经济安全运行。提出一种计及电池储能和抽水蓄能灵活性的电力系统优化调度方法。在建立向上/向下灵活性需求模型的基础上,以调度能量成本、备用成本和灵活调节服务调用成本的总成本最小为目标,建立基于日前安全约束机组组合和实时经济再调度的混合整数线性规划模型,采用CPLEX进行求解。以IEEE-RTS-24节点系统为算例,考虑4种不同典型方案场景,对比验证了所提方法能有效提升系统运行灵活性,降低运行成本。

电池储能  /  抽水蓄能  /  灵活调节服务  /  混合整数线性规划  /  优化调度

Making full use of the regulation of flexible resources can effectively suppress the fluctuation of renewable energy generation and ensure the economic and safe operation of power system. An optimal dispatching method for power system considering the flexibility of battery energy storage systems (BESS)and pumped hydro energy storage (PHES)was proposed. Based on the establishment of the flexible ramp-up (FRU)and flexible ramp-down (FRD)requirement model,a mixed-integer linear problem (MILP)based temporal day-ahead security-constrained unit commitment and re-dispatch with the objective of minimizing the cost of energy,reserve,and flexible ramp products (FRP)was formulated for the studies,which was solved using CPLEX solver. The IEEE-RTS-24 node system was taken as an example and the proposed model was studied on 4 cases to verify that the proposed method can effectively improve the operational flexibility of power system and reduce operating cost.

battery energy storage systems (BESS)  /  pumped hydro energy storage(PHES)  /  flexible ramp products (FRP)  /  mixed-integer linear problem (MILP)  /  optimal dispatch
傅晨, 费斐, 王建军, 郭明星, 林顺富, 张琪. 计及电池储能和抽水蓄能灵活性的电力系统优化调度方法. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (6) : 29 -36 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24312
Chen FU, Fei FEI, Jianjun WANG, Mingxing GUO, Shunfu LIN, Qi ZHANG. Optimal Dispatching Method for Power System Considering the Flexibility of BESS and PHES[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (6) : 29 -36 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24312
2020年9月,我国在联合国大会上提出“二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和”的发展目标。2021年3月15日,习近平主席在中央财经委员会第九次会议中明确提出“构建以新能源(renewable energy sources,RES)为主体的新型电力系统”[1]。在双碳目标驱动下,构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系,高比例新能源接入将成为未来电力系统的基本特征及发展形态[2]。与此同时,新能源出力的间歇性和波动性要求电力系统具有更高的灵活性,灵活性作为含高比例新能源电力系统运行的关键引起广泛研究[3]
国际能源署(international energy agency,IEA)提出,电力系统灵活性是指电力系统可靠和经济有效地管理所有相关时间尺度的供求变化和不确定性的能力[4]。目前,我国电力系统灵活性主要是由供给侧的常规发电机组来提供。然而新能源渗透率的提升会导致仅由发电机组无法满足系统灵活性需求的增加,对系统灵活调节资源提出了更高的要求。灵活调节服务(FRP)作为一种新型电力市场交易品种,在美国加州独立系统运营商和中部独立系统运营商两大电力市场中得到了初步应用[5]。FRP的单位为MW/min,包括上行灵活性(FRU)和下行灵活性(FRD)两种类型。国内从指标设计[6]、电力系统规划和优化运行[7-8]以及电力系统灵活性评估[9]等方面对FRP进行研究。与其他辅助服务不同,FRP目的在于激励市场成员提供min级的灵活调节能力,以应对负荷需求与新能源机组出力的波动性造成的系统净负荷的短期快速变化。
关于FRP调度模型方面的研究,文献[10]在传统确定性模型的基础上加入FRP最小值约束,使机组调度可以满足一定范围内的不确定性,同时降低预期成本;文献[11]提出了一种多时间尺度的日前调度模型,基于传统调度时间单位(h)优化能量和备用服务,并在实时(时间尺度为10 min,15 min,30 min)基础上优化调度FRP。上述文献中基于传统确定性模型的灵活性优化调度,其灵活性需求设定值的合理性对运行结果的影响较大。文献[12]考虑了风电的时空相关性和电力需求的不确定性,提出了一种基于分布式鲁棒机会约束的多时段最优潮流方法对FRP需求建模。此外,由于优良的鲁棒性,鲁棒优化也被应用到考虑系统灵活性的优化调度中。由于鲁棒优化的目的是求得最坏情况下的最优解,文献[13]提出一种基于分布鲁棒优化的灵活爬坡备用调度方法,可以有效缓解随机规划对精确概率分布的依赖,并避免鲁棒优化求解结果的保守性。文献[14]考虑电力系统运行灵活性概率平衡特性,将FRU和FRD约束纳入经济调度模型,克服了基于条件风险价值度量灵活性不足给电力系统带来的风险损失。文献[15-16]研究了电池储能、电动汽车和微网提供FRP的策略。
储能系统可为电力系统提供灵活调节能力,确保电力供需平衡,兼顾系统安全性和经济性,降低用能成本。最近的文献证明了电池储能(BESS)在提供FRP和解决负荷失衡方面的作用[17]。然而,其他新兴储能技术,如抽水蓄能(PHES)、压缩空气储能等的FRP尚未得到广泛研究。PHES具有技术发展成熟、装机规模大、度电成本低等优点,适宜为电力系统提供FRP。此外,在当前的电力市场调度中,FRP交易的时间尺度主要是实时市场,但随着新能源渗透率的增加,可能会导致灵活调节能力不足,因此,需要在日前调度决策中包含FRP约束。
综上,提出一种计及电池储能、抽水蓄能灵活性的电力系统优化调度方法,分析了BESS,PHES提供FRP对提升系统运行灵活性、降低运行成本的影响。首先,分析电力系统灵活性需求,建立电力系统向上/向下灵活性需求模型;其次,将PHES和BESS的详细建模纳入日前FRP采购决策和日内再调度问题中,以调度能量成本、备用成本和FRP调用成本的总成本最小为目标,建立一个基于日前安全约束机组组合和实时经济再调度的混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型;最后,基于IEEE-RTS-24节点系统在GAMS中利用CPLEX求解器求解,验证了所提方法的有效性。
系统的灵活性需求主要由新能源电源和负荷两部分决定,图1为原始负荷曲线以及考虑新能源接入后的净负荷曲线。与原始负荷曲线相比,考虑新能源接入后的净负荷曲线波动性更强,呈现出“鸭型曲线”的特征,使得系统灵活性需求增加。本文将灵活性需求定义为单位时间净负荷的时序爬坡功率,即系统下一时刻与当前时刻的净负荷变化量,依据其方向分为FRU需求和FRD需求,如图2所示。
图2中,NL1NL2分别为系统净负荷在t1t2时刻的预测值,图中箭头为t1时刻系统FRU/FRD需求。系统净负荷计算公式为
N L t = L t - P s , t - P w , t
式中:NLtt时刻预测的系统净负荷值;Lt P s , t P w , t分别为t时刻预测的系统负荷功率、光伏出力和风电出力。
FRU和FRD需求的具体计算公式如下:
F R U t = m a x ( 0 ,   N L t + 1 - N L t ) F R D t = m a x ( 0 ,   N L t - N L t + 1 )
本文所提优化调度模型如图3所示。计及系统灵活性需求,协同优化常规机组、BESS和PHES的灵活调节能力,保证系统灵活性供需平衡,考虑系统的运行约束,以系统总成本最小建立日前安全约束机组组合和实时经济再调度模型,其中,日前调度时间尺度为15 min,实时调度时间尺度为5 min。
日前调度的目标函数为最小化能量成本、备用成本、购买FRP的成本的加和,日前调度模型每隔15 min执行结束后,得到日前调度计划,包括常规机组的发电计划以及各灵活性资源调用计划,并作为实时调度中常规机组出力和灵活性资源调度的上限。实时调度的目标函数为最小化负荷削减惩罚成本和弃风弃光惩罚成本的加和,基于日前调度,每隔5 min执行实时调度模型,保证实时调度的输入不偏离日前调度计划,执行结束后得到实时调度计划。
优化问题的目标是使日前调度中能量成本、备用成本、FRP调用成本、实时调度中负荷削减和弃风、弃光惩罚成本之和的总成本最小:
M i n ( C o p e r ) = C e n e r D A + C r e s D A + C f r p D A + L C R T + R C R T
其中
C e n e r D A = i , t ( C i m i n u i , t + k s l i , k p i , k , t k ) + i , t ( C i s t y i , t + C i s d z i , t ) + b e , t ( C b e c h P b e , t c h ) + p h , t ( C p h g _ p h P p h , t g _ p h + C p h m _ p h P p h , t m _ p h )
C r e s D A = C r e s ( i , t r e s i , t + p h , t r e s p h , t + b e , t r e s b e , t )
C f r p D A = C f r p [ i , t ( R U i , t + R D i , t ) + p h , t ( R U p h , t + R D p h , t ) + b e , t ( R U b e , t + R D b e , t ) ]
式中: C e n e r D A C r e s D A C f r p D A分别为日前调度中的能量成本、备用成本和FRP调用成本;LCRT为实时调度中负荷削减成本;RCRT为实时调度中弃风、弃光惩罚成本: C i m i n为机组i的最小发电成本; u i , t为第i个机组在t时刻启停状态;sli,k为机组i的二次成本函数线性化在第k段的斜率; p i , k , t k为机组i在第k段的出力; C i s t C i s d分别为机组i的启、停成本;yi,tzi,t分别为机组i的开启动作变量和关停动作变量; C b e c h为储能电池的充电成本; P b e , t c h为储能电池的充电功率; C p h g _ p h C p h m _ p h分别为抽水蓄能机组的发电、抽水成本; P p h , t g _ p h P p h , t m _ p h分别为抽水蓄能机组的发电、抽水功率;Cres为备用成本;resi,tresph,tresbe,t分别为常规机组、PHES,BESS的备用容量;Cfrp为FRP调用成本;RUi,tRUph,tRUbe,t分别为常规机组、PHES,BESS的向上灵活性容量;RDi,tRDph,tRDbe,t分别为常规机组、PHES,BESS的向下灵活性容量。
式(4)中,第1部分表示常规机组二次成本函数的线性化形式,第2部分为常规机组启/停成本,第3部分为PHES抽水及发电模式下的成本,第4部分为BESS放电成本。
常规机组出力上下限约束、爬坡约束、机组运行状态及启/停状态约束分别如下:
P _ i u i , t P i , t + r e s i , t + R U i , t P - i u i , t
P i , t - P i , t - 1 + r e s i , t + R U i , t R i t + u i , t - 1 + S i + y i , t  
P i , t - 1 - P i , t - r e s i , t - R D i , t R i t - u i , t + S i - z i , t
y i , t - z i , t = u i , t - u i , t - 1
y i , t + z i , t 1
式中:Pi,t为常规机组it时刻的有功出力,kW; P - i P _ i分别为机组i的有功出力上、下限,kW; R i t + R i t -分别为机组向上、向下爬坡极限,kW/h; S i + S i -分别为机组启/停爬坡极限,kW/h。
PHES的数学模型及其运行约束如下:
P p h , t t u r b = ( η g ρ g H U R ) Q p h , t t u r b
P p h , t p u m p = ( ρ g H L R ) Q h , t p u m p / η m
L p h , t U R = L p h , t - 1 U R + ( Q p h , t p u m p - Q p h , t t u r b ) t
L p h , t L R = L p h , t - 1 L R + ( Q p h , t t u r b - Q p h , t p u m p ) t
P p h , t g _ p h + r e s p h , t + R U p h , t P p h , t t u r b
P p h , t m _ p h - r e s p h , t - R D p h , t P p h , t p u m p
式中: P p h , t t u r b P p h , t p u m p分别为PHES的发电功率和抽水功率,分别与上、下水库水流量 Q p h , t t u r b Q p h , t p u m p以及上、下水库水头HURHLR相关; η g η m分别为PHES的发电效率和抽水效率; L p h , t U R L p h , t L R分别为上、下水库的水位; P p h , t g _ p h P p h , t m _ p h r e s p h , t 分别为PHES的发电能量功率、抽水能量功率、备用功率;RUph,tRDph,t为PHES提供的向上灵活性和向下灵活性; ρ为水的密度; g为重力加速度。
BESS的电量平衡约束、充放电功率限值约束、充放电状态约束如下:
S O C b e , t = S O C b e , t - 1 + [ P b e , t c h η b e c h - P b e , t d i s / η b e d i s ] Δ t
S O C _ b e S O C b e , t S O C ¯ b e
P _ b e c h Ψ b e , t P b e , t c h P - b e c h Ψ b e , t
P _ b e d i s ζ b e , t P b e , t d i s P - b e d i s ζ b e , t
Ψ b e , t + ζ b e , t 1
式中:SOCbe,t为BESS的荷电状态; P b e , t c h P b e , t d i s分别为BESS充电、放电功率; Ψ b e , t ζ b e , t分别为BESS充电、放电工作状态的0-1变量; η b e c h η b e d i s分别为BESS充电、放电过程中的能量转化效率。
式(22)确保了储能电池的充电、放电不同时进行。
光伏、风电的出力约束如下:
0 P s , t P s , t m a x         s , t
0 P w , t P w , t m a x         w , t
式中: P s , t m a x P w , t m a x分别为光伏、风电的可用资源量的最大值。
日前调度中常规机组、PHES,BESS满足向上/向下灵活性需求的约束如下:
R R t u p = b R U i , t + b R U p h , t + b R U b e , t
R R t d n = b R D i , t + b R D p h , t + b R D b e , t
i r e s i , t + p h r e s p h , t + b e r e s b e , t = 0.5 M a x ( P - i u i , t )
式中: R R t u p R R t d n分别为系统日前向上、向下灵活性需求。
式(27)为系统的备用约束,为保证系统运行的可靠性,备用容量设置为常规机组最大出力的50%。
t时刻节点b与节点n间的传输功率和输电线路传输容量约束分别如下:
P f b , n , t = γ b , n ( Φ b , t - Φ n , t ) S b a s e         b , t
- l l b , n P f b , n , t l l b , n             b , t
式中: P f b , n , tt时刻节点b与节点n间的传输功率; Φ b , t Φ n , t分别为节点b和节点n的电压角度; S b a s e为输电线路容量基准值; γ b , n为输电线路导纳; l l b , n为输电线路最大传输容量。
实时调度中,FRU/FRD需求由式(1)给出,实时再调度中系统灵活性约束如下:
i R U i , m R T + p h R U p h , m R T + b e R U b e , m R T = F R U m
i R D i , m R T + p h R D p h , m R T + b e R D b e , m R T = F R D m
式中: R U i , m R T R U p h , m R T R U b e , m R T分别为实时调度中m时刻常规机组、PHES,BESS的向上灵活性供给; R D i , m R T R D p h , m R T R D b e , m R T分别为实时调度中m时刻常规机组、PHES,BESS的向下灵活性供给; F R U m F R D m 分别为实时调度中m时刻系统的向上、向下灵活性需求。
日前调度中的功率平衡约束和日内调度中功率平衡约束分别如下:
i i b P i , t + p h p h b P p h , t g _ p h - p h p h b P p h , t m _ p h + b e b e b P b e , t d i s -                                 b e b e b P b e , t c h - N L b , t = P f b , n , t
i i b P i , m R T + p h p b b P p h , m g _ p h _ R T - p h p b b P p h , m m _ p h _ R T +                                   b e b e b P b e , m d i s _ R T - b e b e b P b e , m c h _ R T + F R U b , m -                                     F R D b , m + L C b , m - N L b , m R T = P f b , n , m R T
式中: i b p h b b e b分别为常规机组、PHES,BESS接入节点的集合; P i , m R T为实时调度中m时刻的常规机组出力; P p h , m g _ p h _ R T P p h , m m _ p h _ R T分别为实时调度中m时刻的PHES发电、抽水功率; P b e , m c h _ R T P b e , m d i s _ R T分别为实时调度中m时刻的BESS充、放电功率; L C b , m为实时负荷削减量; N L b , m R T为实时净负荷; P f b , n , m R T为实时传输功率。
本文以IEEE-RTS-24节点系统为算例背景,所提出的MILP模型在GAMS 24.2.3中使用商业优化软件CPLEX求解,计算机配置为Intel Core i7-10510U系列,主频1.8 GHz,内存16 GB。
以改进的IEEE-RTS-24节点系统为算例模型,如图4所示。其中,峰值负荷为2 900 MW;常规机组节点12个(其中15节点、23节点分别有2个),总装机容量为3 380 MW;分布式风电节点3个,总装机容量为450 MW;分布式光伏节点3个,总装机容量为550 MW;抽水蓄能节点1个,库容为1 TMC,最大功率为200 MW;储能节点1个,总容量200 MW·h,最大功率50 MW。灵活性资源接入情况如表1所示。
负荷削减和弃风弃光的罚金为100 $/(WM·h)。日前灵活性需求定义为 K σ t,其中, σ t为根据历史数据计算出的净负荷标准差,K取1。系统某典型日的负荷及风光出力曲线如图5所示。
为了验证所提方法的有效性,对以下4种方案进行对比分析:
方案1:仅由常规机组提供FRP,即常规机组提供能量、备用和FRP,PHES和BESS只提供能量。
方案2:在方案1的基础上,由常规机组和PHES共同提供FRP。
方案3:在方案1的基础上,由常规机组和BESS共同提供FRP。
方案4:本文所提出的方案,由常规机组、PHES和BESS共同提供FRP。
图6为方案1中的日前调度方案,图7为方案1中的实时功率平衡。图8~图10为方案4中常规机组、PHES,BESS提供FRP的日前计划和实时调度间的偏差。
4种方案的调度对比结果如表2所示。
表2图6~图10的对比结果可知:在方案1中,尽管在实时再调度中将从常规机组处采购的FRP用来满足系统灵活性需求,但在某些时段由于爬坡能力不足会导致系统切负荷约314 MW·h;在方案2中,由于在方案1的基础上加入了PHES的FRP,运行成本降低了12万\$,系统切负荷减少了46 MW·h;在方案3中,将BESS的FRP纳入实时再调度,与方案1相比,运行成本降低了14万\$,系统切负荷减少了61 MW·h;在方案4中,虽然常规机组、PHES,BESS都提供了FRP,但运行成本和系统切负荷的减少与方案2、方案3相比不明显,这是由于所有的储能设备都参与了充放电循环,其中系统切负荷减小到250 MW·h,运营成本降低到457万$,较方案1下降了3.18%。此外,从方案4的运行结果中可以得到:系统FRU需求较大,需要从日前计划中采购大量FRU资源应用到实时调度中,而系统FRD需求较小,仅由常规机组提供就能满足。
在上述4种方案中,系统对向上灵活性有很大的需求,并在实时调度中使用日前计划中分配的向上灵活性容量。尽管在日前机组出力计划中,机组出力满足所有净负荷,不进行任何负荷削减,但在实时运行中,可以观察到可用机组的向上灵活性能力不足以满足净负荷的变化,能量和FRP调用计划的不足会导致在某些时段内有大量负荷削减。另一方面,在系统净负荷下降时,可用机组的向下灵活性能力足以满足系统FRD需求,因此储能的充电或FRD调用可以忽略不计。此外,通过方案2和方案3的对比,可以观察到BESS比PHES具有更快速的爬坡能力,因此BESS比PHES在提供FRP方面潜力更大。
随着新能源渗透率的不断增大,如何保证大规模波动性电源接入下电力系统灵活安全运行是亟需考虑的工程问题。为此,本文建立了考虑净负荷时变特性的向上/向下灵活性需求量化模型,进而考虑BESS和PHES的FRP供应能力,从系统总成本最优的角度构建优化调度模型,确定灵活性资源的日前调度计划和实时调度策略。通过算例验证了模型的正确性和有效性,结果表明所提模型能够充分利用常规机组、BESS和PHES的灵活性供应能力,合理制定机组组合和调度计划,显著降低系统运行成本。后续将进一步研究考虑净负荷不确定性的调度模型及其高效求解方法。
  • 国网上海市电力公司科技项目(52090R200013)
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2024年第54卷第6期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24312
  • 接收时间:2022-04-17
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-17
  • 修回日期:2022-05-19
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国网上海市电力公司科技项目(52090R200013)
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    1 国网上海市电力公司 经济技术研究院,上海 200233
    2 上海电力大学 电气工程学院,上海 200090
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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