Article(id=1195748954865451933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1195748950557901709, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24685, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1665936000000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-17, revisedDate=1668441600000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763018366781, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1705680000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763018366781, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763018366781, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763018366781, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195748950557901709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='1', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763018365754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763022843823, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195767733011923850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1195748950557901709, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195767733011923851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1195748950557901709, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=75, endPage=82, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195748955133887391, articleId=1195748954865451933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Decision Method of Short-circuit Current Limiting Scheme of Power Networks Based on Asymmetric Closeness, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to effectively manage the grid short-circuit current overrun problem,optimization decision-making evaluation method of short-circuit current limitation scheme based on hybrid decision model considering asymmetric closeness was designed. Considering the relevant influence of the short-circuit current limiting measures of the power grid,a four-level evaluation index system considering short-circuit current,static safety,transient stability and implementation cost was established,eight three-level evaluation index factors were simplified and analyzed,and the decision evaluation results were divided further. An improved DEMATEL+ANP index weight assignment method for balancing the interaction relationship between indexes was proposed,and a hybrid decision-making model for the optimization decision evaluation of the short-circuit current limitation scheme of power grid was established by further considering asymmetric closeness,priority and cloud theory. Combined with simulation example based on PSASP,the effectiveness of the proposed optimization decision evaluation method was verified. This method can better balance the evaluation indexes,fully consider the fuzziness and randomness in the optimization decision evaluation,not only can realize the evaluation of multiple schemes,but also can realize the evaluation of its own scheme,and improve the accuracy and applicability of the optimization decision evaluation of the short-circuit current limit scheme of the power grid.

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为了有效治理电网短路电流超标问题,设计了基于非对称贴近度混合决策模型的电网短路电流限制方案决策评估与优选方法。考虑电网短路电流限制措施的相关影响,从短路电流、静态安全、暂态稳定、实施费用4个方面建立了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策指标体系,精简分析了8个三级评价指标因素,并进行了决策评估结果划分。提出了均衡指标间相互影响关系的改进DEMATEL+ANP指标权重赋值方法,进一步计及非对称贴近度、优先度和证据云理论建立了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估混合决策模型。结合基于PSASP的仿真实例对所提出的优化决策评估方法的有效性进行了验证。该方法可更好均衡评价指标,充分考虑了优化决策评估中的模糊性与随机性,不仅能够实现多种方案选优的评估,更能实现自身方案评估,提高了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估的准确性及适用性。

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李名科(1984-),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为网架优化及短路电流研究等,Email:

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李名科(1984-),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为网架优化及短路电流研究等,Email:

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A power system analysis software package based comprehensive evaluation method for short-circuit current limitation strategy[J]. Power System Technology, 2011, 35(8):150-154., articleTitle=A power system analysis software package based comprehensive evaluation method for short-circuit current limitation strategy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1197108458496504234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, awardId=2021YFB2401300, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2401300), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197108452955828511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197108452960022816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, companyId=1197108452955828511, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Guangdong Power Grid Corporation Dongguan Power Supply Bureau,Dongguan 523000,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197108452968411425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, companyId=1197108452955828511, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局,广东 东莞 523000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1197108453056491812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197108453060686117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, companyId=1197108453056491812, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197108453069074726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=CN, label=图5, caption=指标权重对比, figureFileSmall=EhYrbwFFa0Xr135QJ4kZSw==, figureFileBig=HWYtgXkFQJsRySbYmrD/Qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197108457754112406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Grading of optimization decision assessment and countermeasures

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等级 划分标准 应对措施
p1 [0.6,1] 不推荐实施
一般p2 [0.4,0.6] 可以实施
良好p3 [0.2,0.4] 推荐实施
优秀p4 [0,0.2] 优先安排实施
), ArticleFig(id=1197108457829609879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

优化决策评估等级划分及其应对措施

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 划分标准 应对措施
p1 [0.6,1] 不推荐实施
一般p2 [0.4,0.6] 可以实施
良好p3 [0.2,0.4] 推荐实施
优秀p4 [0,0.2] 优先安排实施
), ArticleFig(id=1197108457888330137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation of cloud theory parameters for index classification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级区间 云理论参数
Ex En He
[k4k5] k4+k5)/2 k5-k4)/2.355 En/100
[k3k4] k3+k4)/2 k4-k3)/2.355 En/100
[k2k3] k2+k3)/2 k3-k2)/2.355 En/100
[k1k2] k1+k2)/2 k2-k1)/2.355 En/100
), ArticleFig(id=1197108457951244699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

指标划分等级的云理论参数计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级区间 云理论参数
Ex En He
[k4k5] k4+k5)/2 k5-k4)/2.355 En/100
[k3k4] k3+k4)/2 k4-k3)/2.355 En/100
[k2k3] k2+k3)/2 k3-k2)/2.355 En/100
[k1k2] k1+k2)/2 k2-k1)/2.355 En/100
), ArticleFig(id=1197108458018353565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Calculation data of evaluation indicators under restricted schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 C11 C12 C21 C22 C31 C32 C41 C42
方案1 20.87 39.12 163.05 762.58 15.89 31.32 2.3 923.37
方案2 18.24 41.71 161.17 916.29 17.43 33.06 0 918.42
方案3 21.43 40.15 165.11 845.91 17.61 35.74 3.6 919.51
), ArticleFig(id=1197108458085462431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

限制方案下的评估指标计算数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 C11 C12 C21 C22 C31 C32 C41 C42
方案1 20.87 39.12 163.05 762.58 15.89 31.32 2.3 923.37
方案2 18.24 41.71 161.17 916.29 17.43 33.06 0 918.42
方案3 21.43 40.15 165.11 845.91 17.61 35.74 3.6 919.51
), ArticleFig(id=1197108458156765601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Optimize decision evaluation index cloud theory parameters

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指标 n1 n2 n3 n4
C11 (23.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (21.75,0.636 9,0.006 4) (20.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (18.75,0.636 9,0.006 4)
C12 (42.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (41.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (40.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (39.5,0.424 6,0.004 2)
C21 (168,0.849 3,0.008 5) (166,0.849 3,0.008 5) (164,0.849 3,0.008 5) (162,0.849 3,0.008 5)
C22 (1 050,42.462 9,0.424 6) (950,42.462 9,0.424 6) (850,42.462 9,0.424 6) (750,42.462 9,0.424 6)
C31 (20.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (18.75,0.636 9,0.006 4) (17.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (15.75,0.636 9,0.006 4)
C32 (31.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (32.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (33.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (34.5,0.424 6,0.004 2)
C41 (4.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (3.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (2.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (1,0.849 3,0.008 5)
C42 (925,0.849 3,0.008 5) (923,0.849 3,0.008 5) (921,0.849 3,0.008 5) (919,0.849 3,0.008 5)
), ArticleFig(id=1197108458236457379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

优化决策评估指标云理论参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 n1 n2 n3 n4
C11 (23.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (21.75,0.636 9,0.006 4) (20.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (18.75,0.636 9,0.006 4)
C12 (42.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (41.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (40.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (39.5,0.424 6,0.004 2)
C21 (168,0.849 3,0.008 5) (166,0.849 3,0.008 5) (164,0.849 3,0.008 5) (162,0.849 3,0.008 5)
C22 (1 050,42.462 9,0.424 6) (950,42.462 9,0.424 6) (850,42.462 9,0.424 6) (750,42.462 9,0.424 6)
C31 (20.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (18.75,0.636 9,0.006 4) (17.25,0.636 9,0.006 4) (15.75,0.636 9,0.006 4)
C32 (31.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (32.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (33.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (34.5,0.424 6,0.004 2)
C41 (4.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (3.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (2.5,0.424 6,0.004 2) (1,0.849 3,0.008 5)
C42 (925,0.849 3,0.008 5) (923,0.849 3,0.008 5) (921,0.849 3,0.008 5) (919,0.849 3,0.008 5)
), ArticleFig(id=1197108458295177637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of evaluation methods for optimal decision-making of short-circuit current limitation in power networks

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数据组 评估模型 评估等级 T 评估结果
n1 n2 n3 n4
方案1 方法1 0.686 1 0.747 6 0.890 5 0.886 8 1.278 5 良好
方法2 0.075 5 0.244 0 0.439 4 0.241 1 0.298 3 良好
方法3 0.091 3 0.312 4 0.359 4 0.236 9 0.360 7 良好
方案2 方法1 0.654 3 0.823 1 0.779 0 0.944 1 1.263 1 优秀
方法2 0.043 4 0.332 2 0.133 7 0.490 7 0.290 0 优秀
方法3 0.079 2 0.305 6 0.174 1 0.441 1 0.312 5 优秀
方案3 方法1 0.668 3 0.925 3 0.914 7 0.781 2 1.347 7 一般
方法2 0.014 6 0.486 1 0.372 8 0.126 5 0.379 2 一般
方法3 0.034 5 0.395 1 0.416 4 0.154 0 0.365 5 良好
), ArticleFig(id=1197108458362286503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954865451933, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

电网短路电流限制优化决策评估方法对比

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数据组 评估模型 评估等级 T 评估结果
n1 n2 n3 n4
方案1 方法1 0.686 1 0.747 6 0.890 5 0.886 8 1.278 5 良好
方法2 0.075 5 0.244 0 0.439 4 0.241 1 0.298 3 良好
方法3 0.091 3 0.312 4 0.359 4 0.236 9 0.360 7 良好
方案2 方法1 0.654 3 0.823 1 0.779 0 0.944 1 1.263 1 优秀
方法2 0.043 4 0.332 2 0.133 7 0.490 7 0.290 0 优秀
方法3 0.079 2 0.305 6 0.174 1 0.441 1 0.312 5 优秀
方案3 方法1 0.668 3 0.925 3 0.914 7 0.781 2 1.347 7 一般
方法2 0.014 6 0.486 1 0.372 8 0.126 5 0.379 2 一般
方法3 0.034 5 0.395 1 0.416 4 0.154 0 0.365 5 良好
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基于非对称贴近度的电网短路电流限制方案决策方法
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李名科 1 , 钟锦星 1 , 薛琰 1 , 熊晓晟 2 , 刘军伟 2 , 邓丽娜 2
电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024,54(1): 75-82
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电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2024, 54(1): 75-82
基于非对称贴近度的电网短路电流限制方案决策方法
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李名科1 , 钟锦星1, 薛琰1, 熊晓晟2, 刘军伟2, 邓丽娜2
作者信息
  • 1 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局,广东 东莞 523000
  • 2 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510663
  • 李名科(1984-),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为网架优化及短路电流研究等,Email:

Decision Method of Short-circuit Current Limiting Scheme of Power Networks Based on Asymmetric Closeness
LI Mingke1 , ZHONG Jinxing1, XUE Yan1, XIONG Xiaosheng2, LIU Junwei2, DENG Lina2
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangdong Power Grid Corporation Dongguan Power Supply Bureau,Dongguan 523000,Guangdong,China
  • 2 China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,Guangdong,China
出版时间: 2024-01-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24685
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为了有效治理电网短路电流超标问题,设计了基于非对称贴近度混合决策模型的电网短路电流限制方案决策评估与优选方法。考虑电网短路电流限制措施的相关影响,从短路电流、静态安全、暂态稳定、实施费用4个方面建立了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策指标体系,精简分析了8个三级评价指标因素,并进行了决策评估结果划分。提出了均衡指标间相互影响关系的改进DEMATEL+ANP指标权重赋值方法,进一步计及非对称贴近度、优先度和证据云理论建立了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估混合决策模型。结合基于PSASP的仿真实例对所提出的优化决策评估方法的有效性进行了验证。该方法可更好均衡评价指标,充分考虑了优化决策评估中的模糊性与随机性,不仅能够实现多种方案选优的评估,更能实现自身方案评估,提高了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估的准确性及适用性。

短路电流  /  限制措施  /  优化决策  /  云理论  /  证据理论  /  非对称贴近度

In order to effectively manage the grid short-circuit current overrun problem,optimization decision-making evaluation method of short-circuit current limitation scheme based on hybrid decision model considering asymmetric closeness was designed. Considering the relevant influence of the short-circuit current limiting measures of the power grid,a four-level evaluation index system considering short-circuit current,static safety,transient stability and implementation cost was established,eight three-level evaluation index factors were simplified and analyzed,and the decision evaluation results were divided further. An improved DEMATEL+ANP index weight assignment method for balancing the interaction relationship between indexes was proposed,and a hybrid decision-making model for the optimization decision evaluation of the short-circuit current limitation scheme of power grid was established by further considering asymmetric closeness,priority and cloud theory. Combined with simulation example based on PSASP,the effectiveness of the proposed optimization decision evaluation method was verified. This method can better balance the evaluation indexes,fully consider the fuzziness and randomness in the optimization decision evaluation,not only can realize the evaluation of multiple schemes,but also can realize the evaluation of its own scheme,and improve the accuracy and applicability of the optimization decision evaluation of the short-circuit current limit scheme of the power grid.

short-circuit current  /  restrictive measures  /  optimize decision-making  /  cloud theory  /  evidence theory  /  asymmetric closeness
李名科, 钟锦星, 薛琰, 熊晓晟, 刘军伟, 邓丽娜. 基于非对称贴近度的电网短路电流限制方案决策方法. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (1) : 75 -82 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24685
LI Mingke, ZHONG Jinxing, XUE Yan, XIONG Xiaosheng, LIU Junwei, DENG Lina. Decision Method of Short-circuit Current Limiting Scheme of Power Networks Based on Asymmetric Closeness[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (1) : 75 -82 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24685
随着电网建设速度的不断加快与建设规模的逐步扩大,不同电压等级网络间的环网联系密切,且变电站容量和负荷密度的迅猛增长导致各节点处的短路电流超标现象明显[1-4]。对现有运行情况的统计分析表明,部分特高压变电站接入后,华北、华东电网部分变电站内短路电流将超过63 kA,短路电流超标问题已成为制约电力系统安全稳定运行的瓶颈[5-8]
目前关于短路电流问题的研究多集中于对不同的限制措施进行优化。文献[9]引入了短路电流限额,构建了具有非线性约束的网架优化模型,采用启发算法进行求解,该方法在提升网架短路电流限制效果的同时还进一步降低了系统运行成本。文献[10]以融合节点自阻抗、节点电压和短路电流的综合灵敏度为优化目标,进行线路开断多目标优化决策,可快速准确地得到最佳限制方案。文献[11]提出了动态调整系统拓扑结构的短路电流限制方法,实现了短时效的调整系统拓扑结构,减少常规措施的实施影响冲击。文献[12]提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的网架调整全局优化算法,该方法可有效实现短路电流限制,同时简单易行且计算速度快。文献[13]提出了基于Benders分解求解大电网单相和三相短路电流限额约束的网架优化方法,取得了良好的限流效果,同时决策过程得到简化。
目前关于短路电流限制方案优选决策评估的研究较少,文献[14]基于层次分析法,开展了电流限制方案的综合量化评估,但该评估方法仅采用层次分析,指标权重的选取过于主观,影响了评估结果的可信度,同时也忽略了指标相互间的影响。文献[15]提出了基于模糊综合评价的算法,实现了各限流方案的优化决策。但该评估方法的权重计算方法较为单一,忽略了5种评价等级边界间存在的随机性。由此可知,当前研究未充分考虑各评估状态边界的模糊性与随机性,同时评估指标权重的计算方法较为单一。
本文提出了计及非对称贴近度的改进融合决策实验与评估+网络分析(decision making trial and evaluation laboratory+analytic network process,DEMATEL+ANP)-证据云理论混合模型的电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估方法。考虑电网短路电流限制措施的相关影响,从短路电流、静态安全、暂态稳定、实施费用4个方面建立了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策指标体系,精简分析了8个三级评价指标因素,并进行了决策评估结果划分。设计了均衡考虑指标间相互影响的改进DEMATEL+ANP的指标权重赋值方法,计及非对称贴近度和证据云理论建立了电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估混合决策模型,结合具体实例对所提出方法的正确性和普遍适用性进行了验证。
电网短路电流限制方法的主流形式分为两大类,一类是拉断线路,该类方法简单可行,效果较为明显,另一类是加装限流电抗器,该类方法投入成本提高,效果受到限制。以上的措施实施后能在一定程度上限制短路电流水平,但操作的同时还会使得电网的静稳态特性受到不同程度的影响,给电网的安全稳定带来风险。因此,在进行电网短路电流限制方案决策评估时,除了考虑短路电流的直接抑制效果外,还得兼顾限制方案实施后的电网过负荷水平及暂态稳定水平等因素。
综上可知,全面合理的指标体系是开展短路电流限制方案优化决策的前提和基础。在综合考虑全面性、不重叠以及获取方便性,同时参考相关标准、目前研究成果及行业专家经验,最后从短路电流、静态安全、暂态稳定、实施费用4个方面建立了含4个二级指标和8个三级指标的电网短路电流限制方案优化决策指标体系,如图1所示。
不同限流方案的最终目的在于限制短路电流,因此把限制方案实施后的短路电流设为二级指标,短路电流的下级指标设有短路电流越限C11和短路容量均衡C12两个。其定义如下:
1)短路电流越限C11
C 11 = i ω δ I , i ( I i / I i m a x ) 2 q
式中:ω为母线集合;δIi为母线短路电流越限权重因子; I i为母线实际短路电流;Iimax为母线断路器最大关断电流;q为正整数,建议取值为1。
2)短路容量均衡C12
C 12 = i ω ( S i - S a v e ) 2 q
式中:SiSave分别为母线短路容量及所有母线的短路容量平均值。
限流方案实施后的静态安全通常以电网支路或变压器过负荷、母线电压越限约束条件是否满足来表征。其下级指标电网支路或变压器过负荷C21与节点电压越限C22定义如下:
1)支路或变压器过负荷C21
C 21 = l Ψ δ l ( P l / P l m a x ) 2 q
式中:Ψ为线路或变压器集合;δl为线路权重因子;PlPlmax分别为支路功率和功率上限。
2)节点电压越限C22
C 22 = i ω δ U , i [ ( U i - Δ U i a v e ) / Δ U i l i m ] 2 q Δ U i a v e = ( U i m a x + U i m i n ) / 2 Δ U i l i m = ( U i m a x - U i m i n ) / 2
式中:δUi为节点电压越限的对应权重因子;Ui为母线电压实际值;UimaxUimin分别为母线电压最大值与最小值。
限流方案实施后的系统暂态稳定通常首要考虑发电机功角差C31及电压安全裕度C32两个指标,其定义如下:
1)发电机功角差C31
C 31 = τ ϕ δ θ , τ m a x | θ i - θ j |
式中:δθτ为权重因子;θiθj分别为限制方案内的任意两台发电机的功角;ϕ为限制方案发电机集合。
2)电压安全裕度C32
C 32 = μ ξ δ T V ,   μ α μ
式中:ξ为监视母线电压集;δTV,μ为其对应的权重因子;αμ为暂态电压跌落的承受范围。
实施费用方面主要考虑开关设备投入费用C41及实施运行网损C42,其定义如下:
1)开关设备投入费用C41
C 41 = η β O η
式中:β为开关设备集合;Oη为开关设备的费用。
2)实施运行网损C42
C 42 = P g e n - P l o a d
式中:Pgen为发电机的输出功率;Pload为电网的总负载。
通过对上述指标的分析可知,指标之间存在互相影响,例如:节点电压越限将使得电压安全裕度降低,开关设备投入费用增加会使得短路电流越限更小。
目前电网短路电流限制方案的优化决策评估等级划分并无统一规定,因而本文对照其他相关的标准并结合行业内专家给出的经验,将电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估结果等级划分为4级,对应的评语集为N=[p1p2p3p4]。优化决策评估等级划分标准及相应的应对措施如表1所示。
当前主流评估指标权重设计方法主要分为主、客观赋权法两大类,具体代表有层次分析法、熵权法。主观赋权法评估结果的准确性易受主观因素的影响,而客观赋权法会因为数据自身存在较大偏差时而出现权重与实际偏离较大的现象。此外,1.1节中分析表明所设计的各指标间并不相对独立。因此,本文提出一种改进DEMATEL+ANP的指标权重赋值方法,该方法既能融合指标之间的相互影响,又能融合主、客观因素的指标赋权法。其具体实施如下:
1) 结合DEMATEL原理进行指标体系准则层的综合影响分析,得到矩阵D,如下式所示:
F = [ f i j ] r × r λ = m a x 1 i r ( j = 1 r f i j ) H = F / λ D = H ( I - H ) - 1
式中:fij为准则层ij相互影响的程度;r为指标体系中准则层级的个数;H为矩阵F的标准化。
2)根据已确定的门槛阈值对矩阵D中关联度较小的值进行删除,用以简化准则层中各元素网络结构,再结合专家的意见确定ANP网络,基于三角模糊数确定不同准则层包含的元素之间的判断矩阵,并进行基于特征根法的特征向量求解,得到未加权超矩阵W'。
3)为了得到最终各指标之间的影响关系,需对W'进行标准化处理,最终形成准则层下的权重矩阵,该矩阵与W'相乘得到W并进行极限求解,最终实现了评估体系中各指标赋权wj
考虑到优化决策评估过程中,会出现随机性的现象,导致无法给出准确的判断结果。云理论能实现定性与定量之间的相互转换,并能融合模糊性和随机性,形成两者的相互映射。一般的模糊评价方法更多依赖专家的经验来求取指标与评估等级之间的隶属度,而云理论能体现数据中的模糊性与随机性,增强了优化决策评估普适性。
云理论的数字特征参数可用下式确定:
E x = k m i n + k m a x 2 E n = k m a x - k m i n 2.355 H e = E n 100
式中:kmaxkmin分别为各评价等级划分标准对应的上、下限;Ex为期望值;En为数据组的熵;He为数据组的超熵。
基于云理论结合式(10)将电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估指标量化,表2为各指标划分等级的云理论参数计算方法。
根据电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估等级划分范围,得到优化决策评价云模型如图2所示。
各指标的隶属评价等级的云关联度 γ的计算如下所示:
γ = e - ( k - E x ) 2 ( E n ' ) 2
式中:k为指标对应的参数值; E n '为正态随机数。
依次计算不同指标下的 γ并进行组合进一步得到优化决策评估矩阵G
G = γ 11 γ 12 γ 1 t γ 11 γ 11 γ 2 t γ s 1 γ s 2 γ s t
式中:s为优化评估指标数; γ s t为第s个指标对于优化决策评估等级t的云关联度。
为了进一步降低数据之间的冲突,加强多源数据融合,本文引入证据理论加强融合云理论。首先定义优化决策评估的评价等级 p 1 ~ p 4作为识别框架元素:
Θ = { p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 }
当进行决策优化层面评估时, γ作为证据理论的基本概率分配(basic probability assignment,BPA),其合成规则如下:
$\left\{v_{1} \oplus v_{2} \oplus \cdots+v_{s}\right\}(L)=\left\{\begin{array}{l}\sum_{A_{1} \cap A_{2} \cap \cdots \cap A_{s}=L} \frac{v_{1}\left(A_{1}\right) v_{2}\left(A_{2}\right) \cdots v_{s}\left(A_{s}\right)}{1-Q} \quad L \neq Y \\0 \\L=Y\end{array}\right.$
其中 Q = A 1 A 2 A s = L v 1 ( A 1 ) v 2 ( A 2 ) v s ( A s )
式中:A1A2As 分别为识别框架Θ的子集;L为识别框架Θ的子集相交的非空子集;Y为识别框架Θ的子集相交的空子集;vL)为基本概率分配;s为子证据个数。
由于不同子证据体具备不同的重要性,因而需引入置信度系数来修正证据BPA,如下式所示:
v ' ( A ) = ϑ v ( A ) ϑ = u w j w m a x w m a x = m a x { w 1 , w 2 , , w j } v ' ( Θ ) = 1 - ϑ
式中:v'(A)为修正后的信度函数值;u为优先可行度系数,文中设定为0.9; v ' ( Θ )为证据的不确定度;wj 为第j个子证据的权重。
考虑到优化决策评估仅考虑最大隶属原则将导致评估结果出现偏差,本文在通过对指标权重与优化决策评估矩阵进行加权平均算法后得到的综合评估值再进行非对称贴近度决策分析,以充分利用各评价指标因素,减小评估结果的偏差,从而提升电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估结果的准确性及方法的普遍适用性。非对称贴近度定义为
N ( M , R ) = 1 - 1 n l n | γ M ( χ l ) - γ R ( χ l ) | l
式中: γ M γ R分别为模糊子集MR的云关联度;χl为风险等级的l级评语。
电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估最终落脚到优选方案的优劣排序,并进行最优方案的选择。这里提出方案优先度这个概念,方案优先度T 由经式(16)算出的该方案下属于各评价等级的隶属度作为权重并与评价等级范围对应的分数进行加权平均。
本文设计的考虑非对称贴近度的改进DEMATEL+ANP-云理论的电网短路电流限制方案评估方法,其流程如图3所示。
具体步骤如下:
1)确定短路电流限制方案集;
2)构建优化决策评估指标体系,确定优化决策评价等级;
3)根据步骤2)中的各个指标,结合第2节构造方法以及式(9)确定其权重;
4)根据步骤2)构建的指标体系确定各指标对应状态等级范围,并由3.1节中云理论方法,按照式(10)计算不同指标下所对应不同等级下的云理论数字特征参数(ExEnHe);
5)输入不同限制方案集下由式(1)~式(8)确定的各指标的具体值,结合步骤4)中确定的指标等级云模型,由式(11)计算各指标具体值隶属评价等级下的云关联度,并进行归一化处理,按照式(12)得到优化决策评价矩阵;
6)根据步骤3)中计算的指标权重,再结合步骤5)中计算的各指标属于评价等级之间的云关联度的优化决策评估矩阵,采用加权平均算子后得到综合关联度值;
7)根据步骤6)中得到的综合关联度值,进行基于改进证据理论融合规则进行信息融合,即先由式(15)经过修正后作为证据的BPA,再由式(14)进行信息融合;
8)根据步骤7)中得到的各评估等级的融合值,结合非对称贴近度理论,由式(16)计算出各评价等级的非对称贴近度,再由方案优先度分析进行各方案的优先度计算,给出电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估最终结果。
本文首先以某省输电网500 kV电网的相关数据为例进行短路电流限制方案优化决策评估方法验证。该500 kV电网网架结构如图4所示,由于该网架结构与220 kV存在着电磁环网导致阻抗值比较小,且负荷水平比较高,又靠近直流输电系统,短路电流存在着超标现象,其中部分站点最大短路可高达62.72 kA,超标百分比达125.44%。
针对以上短路电流超标现状,基于仿真软件制定3套限制方案,分别为:1)方案1:变电站3-变电站4单回线断开,变电站7-发电厂2单回线断开,变电站7主变串接7 Ω电抗,该方案下变电站3号和变电站7号的短路电流分别降至47.98 kA,46.67 kA。2)方案2:变电站7-变电站9双回线断开,变电站7-发电厂2单回线断开,该方案下变电站3号和变电站7号的短路电流分别降至46.55 kA,45.32 kA。3)方案3:变电站3-变电站4单回线断开,变电站3-变电站14交流线串接15 Ω电抗器,变电站7断路器更换为额定电流为60 kA。该方案下变电站1号和变电站6号的短路电流分别降至48.03 kA,47.85 kA。
以上3种方案对应的短路电流、稳态安全、暂态稳定、实施费用等计算结果如表3所示。依据云理论结合该优化决策评估各指标对应的取值范围,得到电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估中各指标等级的云模型数字特征参数如表4所示。
向电气专业行业内的12名专家咨询意见,得到准则层及指标元素间的关系,经由改进DEMATEL+ANP的指标权重赋值方法计算的各评价指标的权重值及与采用层次分析(analytic hierarchy process ,AHP)得到的权重值的对比如图5所示。
图5可知AHP注重短路电流越限这个指标因素对短路电流限制方案优化的影响,而改进的DEMATEL+ANP除了注重短路电流越限之外更关注成本投入等。改进的DEMATEL+ANP的权重标准差为0.035 1,比AHP的权重标准差0.066 8小了近47%,因而改进的DEMATEL +ANP法的指标权重分配相较于AHP法更重视指标之间的均衡,体现了指标内部相互影响关系。
为了验证本文提出的考虑非对称贴近度的改进DEMATEL+ANP-证据云理论混合决策方法(简称为方法1)的准确性与适用性,将其与另外两种优化决策方法进行对比,其中方法2为基于最大隶属原则的改进DEMATEL+ANP-证据云理论,方法3为基于层次分析-证据(analytic hierarchy process-dempster shafer ,AHP-DS)理论,3种不同评估方法的对比结果如表5所示。
表3中的3种限制方案由以上提出的3种不同评估方法进行排序时,对应的方案优先度均满足方案2<方案1<方案3,因此,方案2的综合评价最高,是最优方案。
其中就限制方案1而言,当进行方案自身评价时,方法1与方法2的评价结果保持一致,原因在于评估等级中的最大值超过次大值44.4%,相差范围较大。而方法1与方法3的评价等级结果虽然相同,但方法3中只考虑了AHP这种主观指标赋值法使得最终评估状态的辨识边界较为模糊,如处于良好状态下的值与处于一般状态下的值仅相差0.047,这是由于其权重评估的片面性造成的。
就限制方案2而言,就进行方案自身评价时,方法1与方法2、方法3的评价均一致,原因在于方案2的成本费用为0,且短路电流限制最大,使得最终评估等级中的最大值超过次大值47.8%。
就限制方案3而言,方法1与方法2具备相同的评估结果,而方法1与方法3的评估结果不相同,这是因为方法3中的AHP主观且单一指标赋值法会因其片面性导致评估结果偏离于其他方法的结果,也忽略了评估时的变化趋势。
本文提出了基于非对称贴近度的改进DEMATEL+ANP-证据云理论混合决策模型的电网短路电流限制方案优化决策方法,并结合仿真开展了该方法的应用,算例结果表明:
1) 提出的改进DEMATEL+ANP方法的权重标准差为0.046 4,比AHP的权重标准差0.052 8小了约13.8%,相较于AHP更重视指标之间的均衡,体现了指标内部相互影响关系,也能体现控制层对指标层的影响。
2)提出的考虑非对称贴近度的改进DEMATEL+ANP-证据云理论混合决策模型的评估方法实现了各优化决策评价指标之间的均衡关系,具有比单一指标赋权的评估方法更高的准确性,避免最大隶属原则的不足,更考虑了评估中的模糊性与随机性,不仅能够实现多种方案选优的评估,更能实现自身方案评估,大大提升电网短路电流限制方案优化决策评估的普适性,能够为电网调度人员提供实际的技术决策参考。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2401300)
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2024年第54卷第1期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24685
  • 接收时间:2022-10-17
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-17
  • 修回日期:2022-11-15
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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2401300)
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    1 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局,广东 东莞 523000
    2 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510663
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