Article(id=1195748954265661941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1195748950557901709, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24615, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1662998400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-13, revisedDate=1666627200000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763018366638, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1705680000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763018366638, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763018366638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763018366638, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195748950557901709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='1', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763018365754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763022843823, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195767733011923850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1195748950557901709, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195767733011923851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1195748950557901709, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=33, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195748954500542967, articleId=1195748954265661941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Research on Power Quality Problems and Countermeasures of Low Voltage Distribution Network Based on Unbalance Compensation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problems of three-phase load imbalance,power quality degradation and harmonic dispersion in current electronic power distribution system,a comprehensive power quality control scheme with fast dynamic response and small output harmonic was proposed,which includes comprehensive control mode and compound repeat control strategy. By example analysis,it is found that harmonic content decreases before and after compensation in a specific subharmonic compensation mode. After the unbalanced grid compensation,the current distortion was eliminated and the voltage and current were in the same phase,which indicates the effectiveness of the comprehensive management. In the experimental verification,the continuous output of 25 kW inductive reactive power to 25 kW capacitive reactive power was realized,the requirements of reactive power regulation -100%~100% in the technical index was met,and the deviation between the output power and the command value was only 0.49%,the requirements of less than 3% in the technical index were met. In addition,the compensated three-phase grid current THD was reduced to 4.7%,after unbalance compensation treatment,the unbalance degree was reduced to 1.4%,which shows the effectiveness of the device in the treatment of three-phase load unbalance,power quality degradation and harmonic dispersion.

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针对目前电力电子化配电系统三相负荷不平衡、电能质量下降及谐波分散等问题,提出一种动态响应快及输出谐波小的电能质量综合治理方案,其包括综合治理方式和复合重复控制策略。通过算例分析可知,在特定次谐波补偿模式中发现补偿前后谐波含量减少;不平衡电网补偿后电流畸变消除且电压电流同相位,这说明了综合治理的有效性。在实验验证中,所提方案可实现25 kW感性无功到25 kW容性无功的连续输出,满足技术指标中无功调节-100%~100%的要求,且输出功率与指令值偏差仅为0.49%,满足技术指标中小于3%的要求。此外,补偿后的三相电网电流THD降至4.7%;经过不平衡补偿治理,不平衡度降至1.4%,因此说明所提方案在治理三相负荷不平衡、电能质量下降及谐波分散等问题的有效性。

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徐军岳(1977-),男,硕士,副高级工程师,Email:

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Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 2021, 16(5):2543-2552., articleTitle=Experimental verification for active power filter based four leg inverter with SUI-PI controller, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197108745445618366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954265661941, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197108745449812671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954265661941, companyId=1197108745445618366, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Jinhua Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jinhua 321000,Zhejiang,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197108745458201280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954265661941, companyId=1197108745445618366, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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Reactive power regulation ability analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模式 P1/
kW
P2/
kW
P3/
kW
i/A u/V
L1 L1 L1 L12 L23 L31
-25 kW感性
无功补偿
-0.20 25.72 25.70 43.7 42.9 42.5 410.86 407.84 413.23
-25 kW容性
无功补偿
-0.21 24.84 24.83 43.4 42.8 42.5 400.98 399.72 404.31
), ArticleFig(id=1197108750365537018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1195748954265661941, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

无功调节能力分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模式 P1/
kW
P2/
kW
P3/
kW
i/A u/V
L1 L1 L1 L12 L23 L31
-25 kW感性
无功补偿
-0.20 25.72 25.70 43.7 42.9 42.5 410.86 407.84 413.23
-25 kW容性
无功补偿
-0.21 24.84 24.83 43.4 42.8 42.5 400.98 399.72 404.31
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基于不平衡补偿的低压配电网电能质量问题及治理对策研究
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徐军岳 1 , 柳毅 1 , 桂家娥 2
电气传动 | 电力电子 2024,54(1): 33-39
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电气传动 | 电力电子 2024, 54(1): 33-39
基于不平衡补偿的低压配电网电能质量问题及治理对策研究
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徐军岳1 , 柳毅1, 桂家娥2
作者信息
  • 1 金华电力设计院有限公司,浙江 金华 321000
  • 2 浙江优能电力设计有限公司,浙江 宁波 315000
  • 徐军岳(1977-),男,硕士,副高级工程师,Email:

Research on Power Quality Problems and Countermeasures of Low Voltage Distribution Network Based on Unbalance Compensation
XU Junyue1 , LIU Yi1, GUI Jiae2
Affiliations
  • 1 Jinhua Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jinhua 321000,Zhejiang,China
  • 2 Zhejiang Youneng Electric Power Design Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315000,Zhejiang,China
出版时间: 2024-01-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24615
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针对目前电力电子化配电系统三相负荷不平衡、电能质量下降及谐波分散等问题,提出一种动态响应快及输出谐波小的电能质量综合治理方案,其包括综合治理方式和复合重复控制策略。通过算例分析可知,在特定次谐波补偿模式中发现补偿前后谐波含量减少;不平衡电网补偿后电流畸变消除且电压电流同相位,这说明了综合治理的有效性。在实验验证中,所提方案可实现25 kW感性无功到25 kW容性无功的连续输出,满足技术指标中无功调节-100%~100%的要求,且输出功率与指令值偏差仅为0.49%,满足技术指标中小于3%的要求。此外,补偿后的三相电网电流THD降至4.7%;经过不平衡补偿治理,不平衡度降至1.4%,因此说明所提方案在治理三相负荷不平衡、电能质量下降及谐波分散等问题的有效性。

电能质量综合治理  /  电力电子技术  /  三相负荷不平衡  /  不平衡补偿

Aiming at the problems of three-phase load imbalance,power quality degradation and harmonic dispersion in current electronic power distribution system,a comprehensive power quality control scheme with fast dynamic response and small output harmonic was proposed,which includes comprehensive control mode and compound repeat control strategy. By example analysis,it is found that harmonic content decreases before and after compensation in a specific subharmonic compensation mode. After the unbalanced grid compensation,the current distortion was eliminated and the voltage and current were in the same phase,which indicates the effectiveness of the comprehensive management. In the experimental verification,the continuous output of 25 kW inductive reactive power to 25 kW capacitive reactive power was realized,the requirements of reactive power regulation -100%~100% in the technical index was met,and the deviation between the output power and the command value was only 0.49%,the requirements of less than 3% in the technical index were met. In addition,the compensated three-phase grid current THD was reduced to 4.7%,after unbalance compensation treatment,the unbalance degree was reduced to 1.4%,which shows the effectiveness of the device in the treatment of three-phase load unbalance,power quality degradation and harmonic dispersion.

comprehensive treatment of power quality  /  power electronics technology  /  three-phase load imba-lance  /  compensation of imbalance
徐军岳, 柳毅, 桂家娥. 基于不平衡补偿的低压配电网电能质量问题及治理对策研究. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (1) : 33 -39 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24615
XU Junyue, LIU Yi, GUI Jiae. Research on Power Quality Problems and Countermeasures of Low Voltage Distribution Network Based on Unbalance Compensation[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (1) : 33 -39 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24615
在低压配电网中,存在单相负荷不均衡、所占比例大以及使用的随机性较高的现象,这导致配电网出现三相负荷不平衡[1-3],特别是目前电网中大量接入电力电子装备使得这一情况更加严重,同时分布式电源带来的双向随机潮流问题以及负荷时空随机特性均会导致供电电能质量下降等问题[4-5]。这些电能质量问题使得电网输配电能力和质量受到了严重影响,从而导致电网系统负担增加,影响电力用户的正常生产生活[6]。一般来说,逆变器在低功率运行时输出波形畸变明显[7],特别是电网中存在受环境影响的光伏、风电等非线性电力电子负荷,其输出功率呈现无规律甚至紊乱特性[8]
因此,现今电力电子化配电系统呈现电能质量下降、输出波形畸变、功率不稳定的特点,这就要求对配电系统进行谐波治理[9-12]。本项目将多电平技术与重复控制技术相结合,提出一种具有动态响应快及输出谐波小的电能质量综合治理方案[13-15]。本方案的主要改进在于两个方面:第一方面针对综合治理,即谐波治理、特定次谐波治理、无功补偿与三相不平衡治理综合治理;第二方面针对控制策略,即一种复合重复控制策略,其包含前馈技术和重复控制,既解决了传统重复控制动态性差的问题,又保证了控制策略的静态特性[16-19]
控制策略技术思路如图1所示。在输出不同模式的参考电流给定情况下,首先采集非线性负载端电流,根据不同控制模式的需求,调节检测模块;随后通过基于最小电流误差模型预测的无差拍控制算法,实现对谐波电流的精确预测,使得系统能快速地跟踪给定指令电流,提升系统动态性能,减少 PI 控制器参数整定复杂度;最后,利用三电平变流器简化空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)算法产生开关信号。
直流母线电压的建立可被视为整流过程,可依据如图2所示三相电压型整流器电压控制环设计PI控制器参数,以稳定直流侧电容电压。
图2为简化的电压外环结构,此时该结构采用典型Ⅱ型系统进行 PI 控制器参数设计,因此中频宽h可表示为
h = τ u / 4 T s
式中: T s为系统时间常数; τ u为比例调节系数。
中频宽h在工程上取值范围一般为3~10,一般情况下取值为5较为合理。
进一步可得:
0.75 K u p C s τ u = h + 1 2 h 2 4 T s ) 2
式中:Kup为积分增益。
联立式(1)、式(2)可得 PI 调节器参数为
K u p = C s 5 T s τ u K u i = K u p τ u = K u p 20 T s
式中: K u i为比例系数。
图3为无功跟踪与功率因数控制流程示意图,首先通过坐标变换得到负载电流无功量,然后通过低通滤波器滤除无功电流中的高频分量,与电压外环的控制量一同经过坐标反变换后,得到基波无功电流,输送到电流无差拍控制中,实现无功跟踪与静止无功发生装置(static var genera-tor,SVG)的功率因数控制。
图4为不平衡补偿控制流程示意图,由于负载不平衡,负载端电流存在负序分量,首先对负载电流进行处理后得到有功、无功分量,然后把电压外环PI控制器输出量经过变换与提取的负序基波分量相减,得到电流给定,实现不平衡补偿控制。
图5为特定次谐波补偿控制流程示意图,通过坐标变换实现电网系统三相到二相的检测,同时此过程中电压畸变不产生作用。但这一方法在补偿多个特定次谐波时,需要多个谐波检测模块,而不能直接用于单相谐波检测。
图6为组合模式控制流程示意图,组合控制可以令SVG装置同时补偿负载端的低频谐波和基波无功,这要求电流检测模块能够同时提取谐波和无功,通过对负载电流进行处理得到直流分量和新的有功分量,然后经过反变换及负载电流减法运算得到谐波和无功分量,并作为无差拍控制的电流给定,实现 SVG 装置的组合控制。
重复控制一方面可以保证谐波电流的精确控制,但同时其前向通道存在单位延迟环节 z-N的情况,这使得偏差信号作用速度较慢。而有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)系统要求具备响应迅速、灵敏的控制器,这就需配合其性能的动态改进。这里我们使用嵌入式控制,结构图如图7所示。
本研究中电能质量综合治理装置 Simulink 仿真整体框架包括硬件部分和控制部分,硬件部分包括三相电网、非线性负载、LCL 滤波器及三电平变换器;控制部分包括谐波检测模块、电流控制模块和调制驱动模块。其中检测模块的内部结构如图8 中所示,具体包括5种控制模式下的谐波检测算法,根据不同的工作模式可切换不同的检测算法,此外,在检测模块部分还包含着一个直流电压控制模块,其对变换器直流电压进行控制产生电流偏差量,该偏差量叠加到负载谐波电流中一起作为变换器的电流给定值。
此外,采用控制冗余小矢量来平衡中点电位,同时对冗余小矢量进行选取给出修正方案,将其与三电平SVPWM 简化算法相结合,推导中点电荷平衡控制的简化调制策略。
恒无功控制仿真波形如图9所示。将装置的无功补偿量设定为恒定值,并对比补偿前后的电网电压与电流波形(图9a图9b),可以发现:电压与电流的相位在补偿后发生改变,这也证实了该装置在补偿负载无功方面保证中点电位实现平衡的有效性。由图9c图9d可看出两个电压值基本维持平衡,且总电压始终在设定值 900 V 附近波动,这也说明了本装置不仅可以实现直流侧电压稳定工作在设定值附近,还能基于简化 SVPWM 调制技术保证中点电位达到平衡。
设定装置工作在特定次谐波补偿模式(以补偿5次谐波为例),仿真结果如图10所示。对比补偿前、后的电网电压与电流波形(图10a图 10b)可以发现:电流波形在补偿前后,5 次谐波含量减少,但依然存在其他低次的谐波,同时电压与电流的相位在补偿前后没有改变,这也证实了该装置在特定单次谐波补偿方面的有效性。由图10c图10d可以看出两个电容电压值基本维持平衡,且总电压始终在设定值 900 V 附近波动,这也说明了本装置不仅可以实现直流侧电压稳定工作在设定值附近,还能基于简化 SVPWM 调制技术保证中点电位达到平衡。
不平衡情况下全补偿仿真波形如图11所示。由图11a图11b可以看出不平衡电网情况下补偿前电流畸变较大且电压和电流非同相位,补偿后电流畸变消除,电压、电流同相位;由图11c可看出两个电容电压的均值均为给定的 450 V,说明所加的中点电位平衡控制有效;由图11d可看出直流电压稳定在给定值 900 V,说明直流电压控制参数设计有效,同时直流电压上有 2 倍频波动,这是由于在负载不平衡情况下的2 倍频波动功率导致的,与理论分析一致。
为满足综合治理设备的复杂性和安全性要求,实验样机组合使用数字信号处理(digital signal processing,DSP),型号TMS320F28377D;现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA),型号XC6SLX9以及进阶精简指令集机器(advanced RISC machine,ARM),型号GD32F103VET6。其中,ARM 主要承担数据存储及与上位机间通信功能;DSP 主要承担控制算法的执行;FPGA 负责 PWM 发波及保护。
图12为算法流程示意图,主要为各控制器件所承担的功能分配,DSP 的 CUP1 负责装置控制算法执行,将计算得到的调制信号传递给 FPGA,再由 FPGA 对发波信号进行互补保护;DSP的CUP2对当前装置及电网运行状态进行检测,并将状态参数传递于ARM,再由ARM实现与上位机的信息交互。
装置运行于无功补偿模式,通过调节装置无功功率给定值,可以实现输出无功的调节,表1为无功指令为-25 kW 时的测量结果,当装置处于感性无功补偿模式,输出功率为25.7 kW;当装置运行于容性无功补偿模式,输出功率为 24.83 kW,因此装置可实现 25 kW 感性无功到 25 kW 容性无功的连续输出,满足技术指标中无功调节-100%~100%的要求。同时可以注意到额定感性无功工况,输出功率与指令值间偏差为 2%;额定容性无功工况,输出功率与指令值间偏差仅为 0.49%,满足技术指标中小于 3%的要求。其次,装置在感性额定工况下有功损耗为 0.2 kW(约为额定功率的 0.77%),且容性额定工况下损耗为 0.21 kW(约为额定功率的0.83%),均小于 0.9 kW(额定功率的 3%),满足技术指标中损耗小于 3%的要求。
谐波的产生主要来源于非线性负载,采用不控整流负载模拟谐波源,进行装置谐波治理测试,图13 为电网电流治理前、后对比图。补偿前,电网电流为典型谐波电流波形,含有大量谐波,电流总谐波失真(total harmonic distortion,THD)高至24.3%;补偿后,三相电网电流呈现正弦特性,电流 THD 降至 4.7%。
为验证装置不平衡补偿能力,在不控整流负载的基础上,通过并联不对称负荷,使得电网电流呈现不对称性,如图14a所示。此时电网电流不平衡度为16.5%;经过不平衡的补偿治理,不平衡度降至 1.4%,如图14b所示。
本文针对目前电力电子化配电系统三相负荷不平衡、供电电能质量下降以及谐波分散等问题,将多电平技术与重复控制技术相结合,提出一种具有动态响应快及输出谐波小的电能质量综合治理方案。本方案的主要改进在于两个方面:第一方面即谐波治理、特定次谐波治理、无功补偿与三相不平衡治理的综合治理方式;第二方面针对控制策略,即将前馈技术与重复控制相结合,提出一种复合重复控制策略,既解决了传统重复控制动态性差的问题,又保证了控制策略的静态特性。
通过算例分析可知,电压与电流的相位在负载无功补偿后发生改变,这也证实了该装置在补偿负载无功方面的有效性;在特定次谐波补偿模式中发现在补偿前、后,5次谐波含量减少,同时电压与电流的相位在补偿前、后没有改变,这证实了特定单次谐波补偿方面的有效性;不平衡电网情况下补偿后电流畸变消除,电压、电流同相位。此外,也说明本装置不仅可以实现直流侧电压稳定工作在设定值附近,还能基于简化 SVPWM 调制技术来保证中点电位达到平衡。在实验验证中,该装置可实现 25 kW 感性无功到 25 kW 容性无功的连续输出,满足技术指标中无功调节 -100%~100%的要求,且输出功率与指令值间偏差仅为 0.49%,满足技术指标中小于 3%的要求。此外,经过谐波补偿后,三相电网电流呈现正弦特性,电流 THD 降至 4.7%;经过不平衡的补偿治理,不平衡度降至 1.4%,因此说明本装置在治理三相负荷不平衡、供电电能质量下降以及谐波分散这些问题的有效性。
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2024年第54卷第1期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24615
  • 接收时间:2022-09-13
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-13
  • 修回日期:2022-10-25
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    1 金华电力设计院有限公司,浙江 金华 321000
    2 浙江优能电力设计有限公司,浙江 宁波 315000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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