Article(id=1194958287171994001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1194958282507923740, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25893, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714406400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762829856913, onlineDateStr=2025-11-11, pubDate=1732032000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762829856913, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762829856913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762829856913, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194958282507923740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='11', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762829855799, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762830052947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1194959109486265329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1194958282507923740, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1194959109486265330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1194958282507923740, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194958287369126290, articleId=1194958287171994001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Influence of Non-ideal Factors on the Control Effect of PSVI for PMSM Under Low Switching Frequency, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the advantages of faster dynamic performance and smaller torque ripple, high frequency pulse voltage injection (PSVI) is widely used in sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) at low-speed range. Under low switching frequency, the dynamic and steady performance of the traditional high frequency pulse voltage injection method is seriously affected due to the larger system delay, the high-frequency phase update delay caused by the special control structure, and the increase of the phase delay caused by the lower cut-off frequency of the filter. In view of the above problems, compensation schemes for different non-ideal factors were proposed based on the detailed analysis of the influence of the filter phase delay and the delayed phase update of high frequency pulse voltage under low switching frequency on the rotor position estimation. Finally, the influence of the above non-ideal factors and the compensation scheme were simulated and verified. The simulation results show that the proposed solution can effectively reduce the rotor position estimation error.

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高频脉振电压注入(PSVI)法由于动态性能更快、转矩脉动更小等优势,被广泛应用于永磁同步电机(PMSM)低速范围的无位置传感器控制中。低开关频率下,由于系统延时更大,特殊的控制架构造成的高频相位更新滞后以及滤波器截止频率较低带来的相位延时增大等,传统高频脉振电压注入法的动稳态性能受到严重影响。针对上述问题,在详细分析滤波器相位延迟和低开关频率下高频脉振电压相位更新不及时对转子位置估算的影响的基础上,分别提出了对不同非理想因素的补偿方案。最后对上述非理想因素的影响及补偿方案进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,所提解决方案能有效减小转子位置估算误差。

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殷振环(1985—),男,硕士,研究员,主要研究方向为机车车辆交流传动系统的研究开发,Email:

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2. Beijing Zongheng Electro-Mechanical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100094,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1195061458275930687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1194958287171994001, authorId=1195061458124935739, language=CN, stringName=殷振环, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 机车车辆研究所,北京 100081
2.北京纵横机电科技有限公司,北京 100094, bio={"content":"

殷振环(1985—),男,硕士,研究员,主要研究方向为机车车辆交流传动系统的研究开发,Email:

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殷振环(1985—),男,硕士,研究员,主要研究方向为机车车辆交流传动系统的研究开发,Email:

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低开关频率下非理想因素对PMSM PSVI控制效果的影响分析
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殷振环 1, 2
电气传动 | “交流电机与变换器高性能控制”专题 2024,54(11): 26-33
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电气传动 | “交流电机与变换器高性能控制”专题 2024, 54(11): 26-33
低开关频率下非理想因素对PMSM PSVI控制效果的影响分析
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殷振环1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 机车车辆研究所,北京 100081
  • 2.北京纵横机电科技有限公司,北京 100094
  • 殷振环(1985—),男,硕士,研究员,主要研究方向为机车车辆交流传动系统的研究开发,Email:

Analysis of the Influence of Non-ideal Factors on the Control Effect of PSVI for PMSM Under Low Switching Frequency
Zhenhuan YIN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Locomotive & Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081,China
  • 2. Beijing Zongheng Electro-Mechanical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100094,China
出版时间: 2024-11-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25893
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高频脉振电压注入(PSVI)法由于动态性能更快、转矩脉动更小等优势,被广泛应用于永磁同步电机(PMSM)低速范围的无位置传感器控制中。低开关频率下,由于系统延时更大,特殊的控制架构造成的高频相位更新滞后以及滤波器截止频率较低带来的相位延时增大等,传统高频脉振电压注入法的动稳态性能受到严重影响。针对上述问题,在详细分析滤波器相位延迟和低开关频率下高频脉振电压相位更新不及时对转子位置估算的影响的基础上,分别提出了对不同非理想因素的补偿方案。最后对上述非理想因素的影响及补偿方案进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,所提解决方案能有效减小转子位置估算误差。

永磁同步电机  /  无位置传感器控制  /  高频脉振电压注入法  /  转子位置估算  /  非理想因素

Due to the advantages of faster dynamic performance and smaller torque ripple, high frequency pulse voltage injection (PSVI) is widely used in sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) at low-speed range. Under low switching frequency, the dynamic and steady performance of the traditional high frequency pulse voltage injection method is seriously affected due to the larger system delay, the high-frequency phase update delay caused by the special control structure, and the increase of the phase delay caused by the lower cut-off frequency of the filter. In view of the above problems, compensation schemes for different non-ideal factors were proposed based on the detailed analysis of the influence of the filter phase delay and the delayed phase update of high frequency pulse voltage under low switching frequency on the rotor position estimation. Finally, the influence of the above non-ideal factors and the compensation scheme were simulated and verified. The simulation results show that the proposed solution can effectively reduce the rotor position estimation error.

permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)  /  sensorless control  /  high frequency pulse voltage injection (PSVI) method  /  rotor position estimation  /  non-ideal factor
殷振环. 低开关频率下非理想因素对PMSM PSVI控制效果的影响分析. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (11) : 26 -33 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25893
Zhenhuan YIN. Analysis of the Influence of Non-ideal Factors on the Control Effect of PSVI for PMSM Under Low Switching Frequency[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (11) : 26 -33 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25893
相较于异步电机,永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)在电机效率方面具有明显优势,同时PMSM还具有体积小、功率密度高、过载能力强、调速范围宽等一系列优点,因此采用以永磁同步电机为动力来源的牵引传动系统将会是轨道交通的发展趋势[1-3]。目前PMSM多采用矢量控制。在矢量控制中,精确的转子位置信息对控制的性能具有决定性影响,在实际工程中,多采用机械式位置传感器获取转子位置。但是大功率电力机车等轨道交通车辆在运行中牵引传动系统振动明显,车辆运行环境复杂,温度、湿度变化范围宽,并且电压等级较高,电磁场环境复杂,这导致位置传感器在车辆实际运行过程中易发生故障,系统运行的可靠性大大降低。同时,安装位置传感器会使整个系统的体积增大、成本增加[4]。相比之下,无位置传感器控制利用电机的电压、电流信号来估算转子位置,省去了机械位置传感器,提高了系统可靠性,减小了系统体积,降低了系统成本。
目前,常用的无位置传感器控制算法分为基于电机凸极特性的零低速范围内无位置传感器控制算法和基于电机基波模型的中高速范围内无位置传感器控制算法两类[5-6]。零低速范围内常用的方法有:高频旋转电压注入法[7]、高频脉振电压注入(pulse voltage injection,PSVI)法[8]和高频方波电压注入法[9]等;中高速范围内常用的方法有:模型参考自适应法[10]、扩展Kalman滤波器法[11]和滑模观测器法[12]等。其中,在零低速范围内,高频脉振电压注入法由于其具有转矩脉动小、动态性能快、转子位置辨识精度较高等优点,在无位置传感器控制领域得到了广泛应用[13]。低开关频率下的高频脉振电压注入法存在高频脉振电压相位更新不及时的问题,有关该问题的分析较少,例如文献[14]在低开关频率下未考虑该问题,其转子位置估算误差在稳态下约为1.5°;此外,文献[15]未考虑滤波器延迟对转子位置估算的影响,电机在以10 Hz/s加速时,高频脉振电压注入法的转子位置估算误差最大可达8°。针对上述非理想因素对高频脉振电压注入法转子位置估算影响的问题,本文对滤波器相位延迟的产生和低开关频率对高频脉振电压注入法的影响进行了详细分析,分别介绍了对滤波器相位延迟的补偿方法和低开关频率下及时更新高频脉振电压相位的处理方法,最后在Matlab/Simulink软件中搭建了基于高频脉振电压注入法的PMSM无位置传感器控制仿真模型进行验证。
两相静止坐标系下的PMSM模型为
u α u β = R s 0 0 R s i α i β + s i n θ r c o s θ r ω r Ψ f +         L 0 + L 1 c o s 2 θ r ) L 1 s i n 2 θ r ) L 1 s i n 2 θ r ) L 0 L 1 c o s 2 θ r ) p i α p i β + 2 L 1 ω r s i n 2 θ r ) c o s 2 θ r ) c o s 2 θ r ) s i n 2 θ r ) i α i β
式中:uαuβ为两相静止坐标系下的定子电压;iαiβ为两相静止坐标系下的定子电流;Rs为定子电阻;ωr为转子电角频率;Ψf为永磁体磁链;L0为平均电感,L0=(Ld+Lq)/2;L1为半差电感,L1=(Ld-Lq)/2;LdLq分别为dq轴电感;θr为实际转子位置。
高频脉振电压注入法中,注入的高频电压信号为
u α - h f u β - h f = V i n j c o s ( ω h t ) c o s θ ^ r s i n θ ^ r
式中:Vinj为注入高频电压的幅值;ωh为注入高频电压的角频率;uα_hfuβ_hf分别为两相静止坐标系下的注入高频电压; θ ^ r为转子位置的估算值。
将式(2)代入式(1)中,由于注入的电压为高频电压,所以可以忽略定子电阻项的影响,由此得到的高频响应电流iα_hfiβ_hf
i α - h f i β - h f = V i n j s i n ( ω h t ) ( L 0 2 - L 1 2 ) ω h L 0 c o s θ ^ r - L 1 c o s ( θ ^ r - 2 θ r ) L 0 s i n θ ^ r + L 1 s i n ( θ ^ r - 2 θ r )
将式(3)写为复矢量形式:
i α β _ h f = s i n ( ω h t ) [ I p e j θ ^ r + I n e - j ( θ ^ r - 2 θ r ) ]
其中
I p = V h L 0 / [ ω h ( L 0 2 - L 1 2 ) ]
I n = - V h L 1 / [ ω h ( L 0 2 - L 1 2 ) ]
由式(4)可知,可通过设计合适的幅值解调策略,从高频响应电流的幅值中解调出含有转子位置信息。
高频脉振电压注入法高频响应电流提取与转子位置估算框图如图1所示,图中 ω ^ r为转速的估算值。如式(4)和图1所示,iαβ_hf的频率随电机基波频率发生变化,若直接对其进行滤波,滤波器对高频响应电流造成的相位偏移会随电机基波频率发生变化,很难对其进行补偿。因此,常采用同步轴系滤波器(synchronous shafting filter,SFF)提取高频电流,即将采样得到的电流变换至估计的同步旋转坐标系后再进行滤波。在估计的同步旋转坐标系中,高频响应电流可以写成:
i ^ d q h = i α β _ h f e - j θ ^ r = s i n ω h t ( I p + I n e j 2 θ ˜ r )
式中: θ ˜ r为估算转子位置误差, θ ˜ r = θ r - θ ^ r
当估算转子位置误差 θ ˜ r很小时,式(5)所示的高频响应电流中括号里的幅值变为直流量,因此高频电流频率即为注入电压的频率,与基波频率ωr无关。此时再对其进行滤波,则滤波器产生的相位偏移为固定值,可直接进行补偿,相应的补偿方式将在2.1节中进行介绍。
从式(5)可以看出,转子位置信息含有转子位置误差。为获得与估算转子位置误差正相关的量,取式(5)的虚部,即估计q轴高频响应电流 i ^ q h
$\hat{i}_{q \mathrm{~h}}=I_{\mathrm{n}} \sin \left(2 \tilde{\theta}_{\mathrm{r}}\right) \sin \left(\omega_{\mathrm{h}} t\right)$
进一步地,通过如下式所示的幅值解调,即可将含有转子位置信息的分量分离出来:
$\hat{i}_{q \mathrm{~h}} 2 \sin \left(\omega_{\mathrm{h}} t\right)=I_{\mathrm{n}}\left[1-\cos \left(2 \omega_{\mathrm{h}} t\right)\right] \sin \left(2 \tilde{\theta}_{\mathrm{r}}\right)$
式(7)通过低通滤波器将其高频分量滤除之后,就得到了用于位置观测的信号ipos
$i_{\mathrm{pos}}=\operatorname{LPF}\left[\hat{i}_{q \mathrm{~h}} 2 \sin \left(\omega_{\mathrm{h}} t\right)\right]=I_{\mathrm{n}} \sin \left(2 \tilde{\theta}_{\mathrm{r}}\right)$
ipos作为位置观测器的输入即可完成对转子位置的估算。本文选取锁相环(phase lock loop,PLL)为转子位置观测器。
锁相环的结构框图如图2所示。锁相环的基本原理为通过调整输入信号,当 θ ˜ r为零时,实现转速和转子位置的跟踪。需要注意的是,电感参数仅存在幅值In中,因此,本文提出的方法对电感参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性。
针对低开关频率下高频脉振电压注入法中的非理想因素,本节分析了滤波器相位延迟及低开关频率的具体影响。在此基础上,提出了滤波器相位延迟的补偿策略和低开关频率下高频脉振电压相位即时更新的处理方法。
基于第1节的分析,图1所示高频电流的提取与解调中两处用到了滤波器,一处是用于提取高频响应电流的高通滤波器,另一处则是式(8)中用于幅值解调的低通滤波器。后者用于分离直流量,可以将其截止频率设置得较低,其引入的相位延迟很小,可忽略不计。但是前者用于提取高频响应电流时,会在所提取的高频响应电流中引入较大的相位延迟,若不加处理,将会导致最终的转子位置估算出现误差,因此需要考虑对高频响应电流的相位进行补偿。
如式(5)所示,在估计的同步旋转坐标系下,高频响应电流的角频率近似为ωh。高频响应电流通过图1中的高通滤波器之后,其相位延迟为固定值。在考虑此相位延迟后,式(5)可重写为
i ^ d q h ' = i α β - h f e - j θ ^ r = s i n ( ω h t + φ ) ( I p + I n e j 2 θ ˜ r )
式中: i ^ d q h '为考虑了高通滤波器相位延迟的高频电流变化量;φ为高通滤波器对角频率为ωh分量的相位延迟。
采用Matlab工具箱“Filter Designer”设计提取高频电流所用的高通滤波器时,可直接获取该滤波器的相位延迟φ。例如,当注入高频脉振电压频率为190 Hz时,设计截止频率为100 Hz的二阶巴特沃斯型高通滤波器的幅频响应及相频响如图3所示。可以看出,该滤波器对注入频率190 Hz的相位延迟约为0.801 rad。此时,式(9)中高通滤波器对角频率为ωh分量的相位延迟φ即为0.801 rad。取式(9)的虚部乘以 2 s i n ( ω h t )得:
$\operatorname{Im}\left(\hat{i}_{d q \mathrm{~h}}^{\prime}\right) 2 \sin \left(\omega_{\mathrm{h}} t\right)=I_{\mathrm{n}}\left[\cos \varphi-\cos \left(2 \omega_{\mathrm{h}} t+\varphi\right)\right] \sin \left(2 \tilde{\theta}_{\mathrm{r}}\right)$
式(10)通过低通滤波器之后,即可得到用于计算转子位置的分量 i p o s '
$i_{\text{pos}}^{'}={{I}_{n}}\cos \varphi \sin \left( 2{{{\tilde{\theta }}}_{\text{r}}} \right)$
由式(11)可知,当π/2<φ<3π/2,即cosφ<0时,用于锁相信号的符号将发生改变,最终观测角度与实际的电机角度会相差±π/2,即 θ ^ r θ r ± π / 2,如图4所示,当φ=π时,估算转子位置误差约为90°;当-π/2<φ<π/2,即cosφ>0时,理论上计算的结果并不会受到影响,但是当cosφ接近于零时, i p o s '的幅值将发生较大衰减,也会影响最终的观测结果,如图5所示,当φ=-π/2+10°时,在加速过程中估算转子位置误差较大。
若滤波器延迟角度φ已定,则可直接开环补偿,即将图1所示的电流解调过程中所用的sin(ωht)替换为sin(ωht+φ)。图6给出了本文所提出的带有滤波器相位延迟补偿的高频脉振电压注入法高频响应电流提取与转子位置估算框图。
采用如图6所示的补偿算法后,在进行幅值解调时,将式(10)中的sin(ωht)替换为sin(ωht+φ),得到:
I m ( i ^ d q h ' ) 2 s i n ( ω h t + φ ) = I n 1 c o s 2 ( ω h t + φ ) ] s i n 2 θ ˜ r )
式(12)通过低通滤波器后,得到含有转子位置误差的信号ipos_new
${{i}_{\text{pos}\_\text{new}}}={{I}_{\text{n}}}\sin \left( 2{{{\tilde{\theta }}}_{\text{r}}} \right)$
对比式(8)和式(13)可知,因滤波器造成的相位延迟得到了恰当的补偿,最终的估算转子位置将不受滤波器相位延迟的影响。
为保证转子位置估算的精度,高频脉振电压注入法注入的高频电压频率通常大于电机运行频率的10倍。同时,该方法的注入电压为正弦信号,为保证信号的正弦度,传统的高频脉振电压注入法要求注入的高频电压频率小于开关频率的1/10,但是在大功率牵引传动系统中,受到开关损耗和散热条件等的限制,逆变器的最高开关频率通常比较低,只有几百Hz。由此可知高频脉振电压频率和逆变器开关频率相近,无法满足上述条件,高频脉振电压的正弦度无法得到保证,高频脉振电压相位会因为调制中断周期过大而无法及时更新,此时高频脉振电压注入法相位为图7虚线所示的“阶梯”波,图中Δθtimer为一个控制中断周期内高频脉振电压相位变化量,ΔθPWM为一个调制中断周期内高频脉振电压相位变化量,Ttimer为控制中断的周期,TPWM为调制中断的周期,Th为高频脉振电压的周期。由图7中虚线可知,在低开关频率下,调制中断周期长,在一个TPWM内,高频脉振电压的相位更新慢,ΔθPWM大,由式(2)可知高频脉振电压的正弦度将无法得到保障,这将导致转子位置估算精度下降,甚至导致高频脉振电压注入法失效。现基于双频计算控制框架,探究高频脉振电压注入法能否突破这一频率限制,在低开关频率下使用。
双频计算控制框架即频率较高的控制部分和频率较低的调制部分分开的控制框架,控制部分和调制部分通过相角调节器连接[16]。对于高频脉振电压注入法,可以采用在调制部分采样获得高频脉振电压相位,再将相位送入控制部分进行及时更新的方法,以保证高频脉振电压信号的正弦度。低开关频率下高频脉振电压注入法控制框图如图8所示,图中θmod为调制部分坐标变换所需的电压矢量角。
从式(8)可以看出,获取用于位置观测的信号ipos的过程需要采用高频脉振电压相位进行幅值解调,因此高频脉振电压的相位能否及时更新会影响转子位置估算的精度。对此,基于大功率永磁同步电机双频计算控制框架,可以在调制中断更新时,对控制中断里的高频脉振电压相位进行赋值,该值即为调制中断里的高频脉振电压相位。之后,在下一控制中断到来时刻起进行积分,对控制中断里的高频脉振电压相位进行重构,及时更新高频脉振电压相位,保证转子位置估算的精度,如图7中实线所示,在每个Ttimer高频脉振电压相位增加Δθtimer,与图7中虚线对比可知,高频脉振电压相位将以更高的控制中断频率更新,转子位置估算精度得到保障。
为了验证前文对非理想因素对高频脉振电压注入法转子位置估算的影响及解决方案的有效性,采用Matlab/Simulink软件对上述内容进行仿真验证。仿真中采用的PMSM参数如下:额定功率7.5 kW、额定转速750 r/min、额定电压380 V、额定电流5 A、额定频率50 Hz 、额定转矩38 N·m、定子电阻2.85 Ω、d轴电感25 mH、q轴电感80 mH、永磁体磁链0.876 5 Wb 、电机极对数4。
选取逆变器开关频率为500 Hz,控制中断频率为5 kHz,注入的高频脉振电压幅值为30 V、频率为190 Hz。
图9a为电机稳定运行于10 Hz时,采用本文所提出的滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。可以看出估算转速与转子位置可良好跟踪真实值,估算转子位置误差几乎为零。作为对比,图9b为电机稳定运行于10 Hz时未对滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。
对比图9a图9b可知,当电机稳态运行时,若不对高通滤波器造成的相位延迟进行补偿,则高频脉振电压注入法转子位置估算存在约为2°的稳定误差。对该相位延迟进行补偿后,该误差值消失,转子位置估算误差和转速估算误差始终在较小的范围内波动,稳态性能得到提升。
图10a为电机以10 Hz/s加速,由静止匀加速至10 Hz时,采用本文所提出的滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。可以看出加速过程中最大估算转子位置误差不超过5°。作为对比,图10b为电机加速时未对滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。
图11a为电机稳定运行于10 Hz时突加载38 N·m(额定转矩)时,采用本文所提出的滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。可以看出突加载时最大估算转子位置误差约为1°。作为对比,图11b为电机加速时未对滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。
对比图10a图10b可知,当电机加速运行时,若不对高通滤波器造成的相位延迟进行补偿,则高频脉振电压注入法最大转子位置估算误差约为7°。对比图11a图11b可知,当电机突加载时,若不对高通滤波器造成的相位延迟进行补偿,则最大转子位置估算误差约为5°。对该相位延迟进行补偿后,最大误差减小,动态性能得到改善。
图12a为电机稳定运行于10 Hz时,采用本文提出的高频脉振电压相位及时更新方法的仿真结果。可以看出估算转速与转子位置可良好跟踪真实值,估算转子位置误差几乎为零。作为对比,图12b为电机稳定运行于10 Hz时未对滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。
对比图12a图12b可知,当电机稳态运行时,若不采用本文提出的高频脉振电压相位及时更新的方法,则高频脉振电压注入法转子位置估算存在约为2°的稳定误差。采用该方法后,该误差值消失,转子位置估算误差和转速估算误差始终在较小的范围内波动,稳态性能得到提升。
加速中及加载中电压相位及时更新与否对比图如图13图14所示。图13a为电机以10 Hz/s加速,由静止匀加速至10 Hz时,采用本文提出的高频脉振电压相位及时更新方法的仿真结果。可以看出加速过程中最大估算转子位置误差不超过5°。作为对比,图13b为电机稳定运行于10 Hz时未对滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。
图14a为电机稳定运行于10 Hz时突加载38 N·m(额定转矩)时,采用本文所提出的滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。可以看出突加载时最大估算转子位置误差约为1°。作为对比,图14b为电机加速时未对滤波器相位延时补偿的仿真结果。
对比图13a图13b可知,当电机加速运行时,若不采用本文提出的高频脉振电压相位及时更新的方法,则高频脉振电压注入法最大转子位置估算约为8°。对比图14a图14b可知,当电机突加载时,若不对高通滤波器造成的相位延迟进行补偿,则最大转子位置估算误差约为5°。采用该方法后,最大误差减小,动态性能得到改善。
本文针对低开关频率下非理想因素对高频脉振电压注入法观测效果的影响进行研究,得到如下结论:对滤波器相位延迟进行补偿、及时更新高频脉振电压相位均可以有效提升高频脉振电压注入法的动稳态性能。仿真结果显示,使用本文所提补偿方法后,稳态下估算转子位置误差均在0°左右,稳态性能提高;同时,在加速过程中和突加载时的最大转子位置估算误差也有所减小,转子位置估算的动态性能也有所改善。
  • 中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(K2022J002)
  • 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金项目(2022YJ309)
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2024年第54卷第11期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25893
  • 接收时间:2024-04-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-11
  • 出版时间:2024-11-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30
基金
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(K2022J002)
中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金项目(2022YJ309)
作者信息
    1.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 机车车辆研究所,北京 100081
    2.北京纵横机电科技有限公司,北京 100094
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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