Article(id=1192851112609858208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1192851112039432863, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24828, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1669910400000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-02, revisedDate=1676995200000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762327467348, onlineDateStr=2025-11-05, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762327467348, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762327467348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762327467348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192851112039432863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2024', volume='54', issue='9', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762327467211, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762328208012, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192854219242750227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1192851112039432863, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192854219246944532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1192851112039432863, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=19, endPage=25, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192851112802796195, articleId=1192851112609858208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Design Method of On-board Charger EMI Hybrid Filter Based on CSCI, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present,the traditional passive filter in on-board charger(OBC) has poor low-frequency performance,an active feedback loop was added to the traditional on-board charger passive filter,a design method of on-board charger electromagnetic interference(EMI) hybrid filter based on current sensing and current injection(CSCI) was proposed,and the structure,analysis and feedback loop design process of on-board charger hybrid filter were given.The experimental results show that compared with the existing on-board charger passive filter scheme,the new EMI filter scheme proposed has greatly improved the results of conduction test and radiation test.

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针对目前车载充电机传统无源滤波器低频性能差的问题,在传统车载充电机无源滤波器的基础上加入有源反馈回路,提出了一种基于电流检测电流注入(CSCI)的车载充电机电磁干扰(EMI)混合滤波器设计方法,并给出了车载充电机混合滤波器结构及分析和反馈回路设计过程。实验结果表明,提出的新型EMI滤波器方案与已有车载充电机无源滤波器方案相比,传导测试和辐射测试结果都有大幅度的提升。

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李宁(1983—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为电力电子化的电力系统及其控制,Email:

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李宁(1983—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为电力电子化的电力系统及其控制,Email:

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李宁(1983—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为电力电子化的电力系统及其控制,Email:

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figureFileSmall=0oRY3ii8ZuYLMlSlxBZ0cA==, figureFileBig=fwEm9xZu19B3289MBHYO7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195784023332139416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1192851112609858208, language=CN, label=图11, caption=车载充电机加入改进滤波器前、后辐射测试, figureFileSmall=0oRY3ii8ZuYLMlSlxBZ0cA==, figureFileBig=fwEm9xZu19B3289MBHYO7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195784023390859674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1192851112609858208, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Insertion loss of four active electronic filter topologies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拓扑类型 放大增益 插入损耗/dB 最大IL条件
a Vc=A1is $20log(1+\frac{{A}_{1}}{{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}})$ ${A}_{1}>>{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}$
b ic=A2is $20log(1+\frac{{Z}_{n}}{{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}}{A}_{2})$ ${Z}_{n}>>{Z}_{L}$
c ic=A3is $20log(1+\frac{{A}_{3}}{{Z}_{L}\left|\right|{Z}_{n}})$ ${A}_{3}>>{Z}_{L}\left|\right|{Z}_{n}$
d Vc=A4is $20log(1+\frac{{Z}_{L}}{{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}}{A}_{4})$ ${Z}_{L}>>{Z}_{n}$
), ArticleFig(id=1195784023449579932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1192851112609858208, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4种有源电子滤波器拓扑结构的插入损耗

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拓扑类型 放大增益 插入损耗/dB 最大IL条件
a Vc=A1is $20log(1+\frac{{A}_{1}}{{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}})$ ${A}_{1}>>{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}$
b ic=A2is $20log(1+\frac{{Z}_{n}}{{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}}{A}_{2})$ ${Z}_{n}>>{Z}_{L}$
c ic=A3is $20log(1+\frac{{A}_{3}}{{Z}_{L}\left|\right|{Z}_{n}})$ ${A}_{3}>>{Z}_{L}\left|\right|{Z}_{n}$
d Vc=A4is $20log(1+\frac{{Z}_{L}}{{Z}_{L}+{Z}_{n}}{A}_{4})$ ${Z}_{L}>>{Z}_{n}$
), ArticleFig(id=1195784023512494494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1192851112609858208, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Sampling results of important nodes of conduction voltage method before and after adding improved filter to on-board charger

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
频率/MHz 噪声读数/
(dB·µV)
噪声限值/
(dB·µV)
噪声差值/
(dB·µV)
噪声抑制提升效果/
(dB·µV)
QP AV QP AV QP AV QP AV
传统无源
滤波器
0.170 54.0 53.7 64.9 54.9 10.9 1.2
5.899 49.2 42.6 60.0 50.0 10.8 7.4
23.012 36.1 28.4 60.0 50.0 23.9 21.6
26.824 40.0 32.6 60.0 50.0 20.0 17.4
28.956 34.4 32.4 60.0 50.0 25.6 17.6
改进滤
波器
0.170 39.5 39.1 64.9 54.9 25.4 15.8 14.5 14.6
5.899 34.9 32.1 60.0 50.0 25.1 17.9 14.3 10.5
23.012 28.2 23.6 60.0 50.0 31.8 26.4 7.9 4.8
26.824 22.4 19.7 60.0 50.0 37.6 30.3 17.6 12.9
29.956 22.6 20.2 60.0 50.0 37.4 29.8 11.8 12.2
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车载充电机加入改进滤波器前、后传导电压法重要节点采样结果

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频率/MHz 噪声读数/
(dB·µV)
噪声限值/
(dB·µV)
噪声差值/
(dB·µV)
噪声抑制提升效果/
(dB·µV)
QP AV QP AV QP AV QP AV
传统无源
滤波器
0.170 54.0 53.7 64.9 54.9 10.9 1.2
5.899 49.2 42.6 60.0 50.0 10.8 7.4
23.012 36.1 28.4 60.0 50.0 23.9 21.6
26.824 40.0 32.6 60.0 50.0 20.0 17.4
28.956 34.4 32.4 60.0 50.0 25.6 17.6
改进滤
波器
0.170 39.5 39.1 64.9 54.9 25.4 15.8 14.5 14.6
5.899 34.9 32.1 60.0 50.0 25.1 17.9 14.3 10.5
23.012 28.2 23.6 60.0 50.0 31.8 26.4 7.9 4.8
26.824 22.4 19.7 60.0 50.0 37.6 30.3 17.6 12.9
29.956 22.6 20.2 60.0 50.0 37.4 29.8 11.8 12.2
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Average results of each frequency band of conductionvoltage method before and after adding improved filter

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频段 EMI噪声信号平均值/(dB·µV)
标准限值 传统无源滤波器 改进滤波器
低频段 56.0 24.5 14.2
中频段 46.0 20.6 17.5
高频段 50.0 30.7 22.4
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加入改进滤波器前后传导电压法各频段平均值结果

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频段 EMI噪声信号平均值/(dB·µV)
标准限值 传统无源滤波器 改进滤波器
低频段 56.0 24.5 14.2
中频段 46.0 20.6 17.5
高频段 50.0 30.7 22.4
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Sampling results of important nodes of radiation test before and after adding improved filter to on-board charger

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频率/
MHz
噪声读数/(dB·µV) 噪声限值/(dB·µV) 噪声差值/(dB·µV) 噪声抑制提升效果/(dB·µV)
PK QP AV PK QP AV PK QP AV PK QP AV
传统无源
滤波器
0.176 56.4 50.1 41.0 21.0 -15.4 -29.1
1.612 54.1 30.2 28.4 38.0 25.0 18.0 -16.1 -5.2 -10.4
6.156 38.5 31.2 22.6 38.0 25.0 18.0 -0.5 -6.2 -4.6
19.190 35.1 22.2 72.0 62.0 36.9 39.8
28.900 42.6 30.4 48.0 28.0 5.4 -2.4
改进
滤波器
0.176 24.1 20.0 41.0 21.0 16.9 1 32.3 30.1
1.612 30.1 24.8 25.1 38.0 25.0 18.0 7.9 0.2 -7.1 24 5.4 3.3
6.156 16.1 11.9 10.2 38.0 25.0 18.0 21.9 13.1 7.8 22.4 19.3 12.4
19.190 17.6 3.8 72.0 62.0 54.4 58.2 17.5 18.4
28.900 32.4 23.9 48.0 28.0 15.6 4.1 10.2 6.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195784023852233128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1192851112609858208, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

车载充电机加入改进滤波器前、后辐射测试重要节点采样结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
频率/
MHz
噪声读数/(dB·µV) 噪声限值/(dB·µV) 噪声差值/(dB·µV) 噪声抑制提升效果/(dB·µV)
PK QP AV PK QP AV PK QP AV PK QP AV
传统无源
滤波器
0.176 56.4 50.1 41.0 21.0 -15.4 -29.1
1.612 54.1 30.2 28.4 38.0 25.0 18.0 -16.1 -5.2 -10.4
6.156 38.5 31.2 22.6 38.0 25.0 18.0 -0.5 -6.2 -4.6
19.190 35.1 22.2 72.0 62.0 36.9 39.8
28.900 42.6 30.4 48.0 28.0 5.4 -2.4
改进
滤波器
0.176 24.1 20.0 41.0 21.0 16.9 1 32.3 30.1
1.612 30.1 24.8 25.1 38.0 25.0 18.0 7.9 0.2 -7.1 24 5.4 3.3
6.156 16.1 11.9 10.2 38.0 25.0 18.0 21.9 13.1 7.8 22.4 19.3 12.4
19.190 17.6 3.8 72.0 62.0 54.4 58.2 17.5 18.4
28.900 32.4 23.9 48.0 28.0 15.6 4.1 10.2 6.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195784023919341994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1192851112609858208, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Average results of each frequency band of radiationtest before and after adding improved filter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
频段 EMI噪声信号平均值/(dB·µV)
标准限值 传统无源
滤波器
改进
滤波器
低频段 21 32.1 15.2
中频段 18 29.6 15.1
高频段 62 30.2 3.4
), ArticleFig(id=1195784023978062252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1192851112609858208, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

加入改进滤波器前、后辐射测试各频段平均值结果

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频段 EMI噪声信号平均值/(dB·µV)
标准限值 传统无源
滤波器
改进
滤波器
低频段 21 32.1 15.2
中频段 18 29.6 15.1
高频段 62 30.2 3.4
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基于电流检测电流注入的车载充电机EMI混合滤波器设计方法
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李宁 1 , 柳明 1 , 张常杰 1 , 张成林 2
电气传动 | 电力电子 2024,54(9): 19-25
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电气传动 | 电力电子 2024, 54(9): 19-25
基于电流检测电流注入的车载充电机EMI混合滤波器设计方法
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李宁1 , 柳明1, 张常杰1, 张成林2
作者信息
  • 1 西安理工大学 电气工程学院, 陕西 西安 710061
  • 2 浙江富特科技有限公司, 浙江 杭州 313300
  • 李宁(1983—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为电力电子化的电力系统及其控制,Email:

Design Method of On-board Charger EMI Hybrid Filter Based on CSCI
Ning LI1 , Ming LIU1, Changjie ZHANG1, Chenglin ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710061,Shaanxi, China
  • 2 Zhejiang EV-Tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 313300,Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24828
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针对目前车载充电机传统无源滤波器低频性能差的问题,在传统车载充电机无源滤波器的基础上加入有源反馈回路,提出了一种基于电流检测电流注入(CSCI)的车载充电机电磁干扰(EMI)混合滤波器设计方法,并给出了车载充电机混合滤波器结构及分析和反馈回路设计过程。实验结果表明,提出的新型EMI滤波器方案与已有车载充电机无源滤波器方案相比,传导测试和辐射测试结果都有大幅度的提升。

车载充电机  /  混合滤波器  /  电磁兼容性

At present,the traditional passive filter in on-board charger(OBC) has poor low-frequency performance,an active feedback loop was added to the traditional on-board charger passive filter,a design method of on-board charger electromagnetic interference(EMI) hybrid filter based on current sensing and current injection(CSCI) was proposed,and the structure,analysis and feedback loop design process of on-board charger hybrid filter were given.The experimental results show that compared with the existing on-board charger passive filter scheme,the new EMI filter scheme proposed has greatly improved the results of conduction test and radiation test.

on-board charger(OBC)  /  hybrid filter  /  electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)
李宁, 柳明, 张常杰, 张成林. 基于电流检测电流注入的车载充电机EMI混合滤波器设计方法. 电气传动, 2024 , 54 (9) : 19 -25 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24828
Ning LI, Ming LIU, Changjie ZHANG, Chenglin ZHANG. Design Method of On-board Charger EMI Hybrid Filter Based on CSCI[J]. Electric Drive, 2024 , 54 (9) : 19 -25 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24828
近年来,电动汽车小型高功率车载充电机应用广泛,作为高功率高频电力电子设备,其电磁干扰(electromagnetic interference,EMI)问题也备受重视[1-2]。车载充电机EMI抑制技术方案主要有屏蔽技术、接地技术和滤波技术三种,工程上一般在成本允许的范围内,合理搭配这三种抑制方法进行使用[3-4]。文献[3-4]对车载充电机电磁兼容的屏蔽和接地技术进行了讨论,其结果表明,车载充电机EMI领域目前的方法和技术已经形成体系标准且相对成熟,因此滤波器技术成为了目前研究的重点。
滤波器技术的研究主要从参数、控制策略优化、结构材料优化以及拓扑优化等方面展开。文献[5]基于Buck型DC-DC变换电路,从电路匹配性角度出发,分析了滤波器的设计参数对共模和差模传导干扰信号的抑制作用,提出了一种EMI滤波器设计参数优化方法,用于提高开关电源的电磁兼容性(electromagnetic compatibility,EMC);文献[6]分析了EMI滤波器元件的高频模型,并对寄生效应进行了消除;文献[7]提出了一种基于调制的有源滤波器高频抑制效果优化方法,且提出的优化方法无需增加硬件成本,有效地提高了有源EMI滤波器的高频抑制效果;文献[8]以波的入射与反射为核心,提出了一种利用S参数来预测阻抗不匹配条件下噪声衰减的方法,使滤波器具有更好的高频性能;文献[9-10]是在材料方面采用集成方式以减小体积并提高滤波性能;文献[11]提出了一种结合使用单级EMI滤波器和地线滤波器来抑制传导干扰的方法。
以上研究都在一定程度上提升了电力电子无源滤波器的滤波效果,但参数、控制策略优化的上限有拓扑本身的限制,新型的结构材料及集成在成本上也会有诸多限制,目前难以在工程上大规模应用,而改进拓扑结构则能够很好地兼顾效果和成本。本文提出一种带有源反馈回路的车载充电机混合滤波器设计方法,有效提升了滤波器的低频和整体性能,并给出了混合滤波器结构和反馈回路设计过程,最后进行了车载充电机传导、辐射测试,验证了所提设计方法的有效性。
EMI滤波器的性能一般用插入损耗IL来评价,其定义为[12]
$IL=20log\left(\frac{{V}_{0}}{V}\right)$
式中:V0为未加滤波器时负载上的电压;V为加入滤波器后负载上的电压。
EMI滤波器一般可分为无源和有源两种[12-13]。无源滤波器一般通过无源LC低通网络达到衰减噪声的目的,而有源滤波器通过检测EMI信号、运用有源器件进行补偿完成抑制EMI。
图1为有源滤波器4种常见的反馈拓扑类型。
文献[14]给出了有源EMI滤波器4种拓扑结构的插入损耗,如表1所示。其中,ZL为线路阻抗稳定网络(line impedance stabilization network,LISN)的阻抗,in为噪声电流,Zn为噪声源的内阻抗,Vsis分别为检测电压和检测电流,Vcic为注入电压和注入电流,Ax为补偿网络的放大倍数。
根据其插入损耗,以电流检测电流注入(current sensing and current injection,CSCI)有源滤波器为例,在理想情况下对比同等情况下无源滤波器情况,如图2所示。由图2可知无源滤波器的低频性能差且低频插损曲线斜率小。CSCI有源滤波器相比无源滤波器低频优势明显,高频性能不足。
无源滤波器在结构、稳定性等方面都有很大优势,但低频性能的改良却要牺牲其体积和重量的指标。而有源滤波器低频性能好、高频性能较差[14],因此本文在传统车载充电机滤波结构的基础上采用CSCI反馈的方法来补偿共模(common mode,CM)噪声,弥补传统无源滤波器在低频段滤波效果不足的缺点,提出了一种车载充电机混合CSCI-EMI滤波器设计方法。
本文采用CSCI反馈的方法来补偿CM噪声。主动CSCI反馈的基本原理是对车载充电机(on- board charger,OBC)的噪声源阻抗的主动放大。因此,这种噪声抑制方法对于高噪声源阻抗的小型传感器是最有效的。由于CM噪声其路径通过寄生电容而通常具有较高的噪声源阻抗,因此该方法特别适用于衰减CM噪声。电流互感器也用作共模态扼流器,注入电容器Cinj用作Y电容器。参考文献[15]所使用的车载充电机混合CSCI-EMI滤波器的结构如图3所示。其中有源部分用于电磁低频范围,并通过在高频范围内的运放反馈电路中插入电容器进行解耦,从而保证系统的稳定性。
传导的EMI噪声在LISN结构处测量,该结构位于电源和带有EMI滤波器的OBC之间。为了在所考虑的频率范围内检测LISN结构上的CM噪声,可以将LISN简化为一个电阻器ZL。基于此假设,可以将图3中所示的结构简化为图4中的等效电路。在LISN iL处测量的噪声是被最小化的输出变量。为此,测量控制结果,即LISN处的噪声,然后作为补偿电流iinj反向耦合到电路中。
注入电流iinj的值取决于噪声电流、传感器和运放器的配置。从图4可推导出下式:
${i}_{L}({Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L})={Z}_{L}\cdot {i}_{S2}$
${i}_{L}=({i}_{s}-{i}_{inj})\cdot \frac{{Z}_{S}}{{Z}_{S}+{Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L}}$
${i}_{inj}=\frac{{i}_{L}\cdot ({Z}_{L}+{Z}_{2})+{v}_{out}}{{Z}_{inj}}$
其中 ${v}_{out}={i}_{L}\cdot {G}_{Sense}\cdot {G}_{OP}$
式中:iL为测量电流;iS为输入电流;iS2为OBC的等效电流;ZCM为共轭线圈和测量电阻的等效阻抗;ZL为LISN的等效阻抗;ZS为OBC等效阻抗;Zinj为电容器等效阻抗;vout为运放器输出补偿电压,是放大的测量噪声电流的插入反馈;GSense为反馈增益;GOP为运放增益。
由式(2)~式(4)可以创建一个如图5所示的信号流程图。
图5所示,混合EMI滤波器的行为可以在一个控制回路中描述。利用图5中的控制回路结构,所提出的混合EMI滤波器的传递函数TF可以计算如下:
$TF=\frac{\frac{{Z}_{S}}{{Z}_{S}+{Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L}}}{1+\frac{{Z}_{S}}{{Z}_{S}+{Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L}}\cdot \frac{{Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L}+{G}_{OP}\cdot {G}_{Sense}}{{Z}_{inj}}}$
由式(5)可以得出插入损耗IL,如下式所示:
$IL=20log\left[\frac{\frac{{Z}_{S}+{Z}_{L}}{{Z}_{S}+{Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L}}}{1+\frac{{Z}_{S}\cdot ({Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L}+{G}_{OP}\cdot {G}_{Sense})}{({Z}_{S}+{Z}_{CM}+{Z}_{L})\cdot {Z}_{inj}}}\right]$
从计算的混合IL可以看出,随着反馈增益GSense、运放增益GOP的增加,滤波器的衰减率上升,限制因素是反馈运算放大器的最大电压和最大电流。测量和注入部件也作为无源部件对提升衰减率做出了贡献。
图6图3中混合滤波电路的插损曲线及其无源部分和有源部分的插损曲线。当处于低频段时,混合滤波器插损和有源滤波器基本持平,无源滤波器滤波效果微弱。当处于中频段时,有源滤波器对比无源滤波器同样更具优势,但混合滤波器的效果更好。当处于高频段时,无源滤波器效果优于有源滤波器,但混合滤波器优势更为明显。混合滤波器不仅兼顾了两种滤波器各自在低频段和高频段的优势,而且滤波效果相当于两种滤波器滤波效果的叠加,大大提高了衰减率。
为了测量噪声电流,在共模扼流圈中引入了额外的第三个绕组。通常共模扼流圈是在磁芯上用两个相同的绕组缠绕的。假设有两个相同的绕组,由差分模式电流引起的核心磁通量相互抵消,只有CM电流激发一个磁通量。通过第三个小绕组,就可以感知到CM噪声。因此,共模扼流圈具有两个功能:CM噪声传感功能和CM噪声衰减功能。共模扼流圈的原理图如图7所示。
为了计算运放器的输入电压和共模扼流圈的阻抗,使用测量电阻ZCM,必须知道感应参数L1LS以及测量电阻Rmeas的值:
${Z}_{CM}=\frac{2\pi  f {L}_{1}({R}_{meas}\cdot {n}^{2})}{2\pi  f {L}_{1}+{R}_{meas}\cdot {n}^{2}}$
$n=\sqrt{{L}_{1}/{L}_{S}}$
式中:n为共轭线圈变比。
根据式(7)、式(8),可以推导出GSense参数表达式如下:
${G}_{Sense}=\frac{{Z}_{CM}}{n}$
通过给定LS并改变L1的值可以改变变比n的值,因此可以得到GSense关于L1Rmeas的表达式如下:
${G}_{Sense}=\frac{2\pi  f {L}_{1}{R}_{meas}\sqrt{{L}_{1}/10}}{2\pi  f {L}_{1}+{R}_{meas}{L}_{1}/10}$
图8为由式(10)得到的GSense的变化示意图,其由反馈运算放大器的最大电压和电流限制,然后根据设计要求选择合适的Rmeas电阻值,得到共模扼流圈所需的电感。
利用反馈运算放大器结构,测量电阻上测得的噪声应被放大并反向反馈到电路中。反馈部分由测量电阻和运算放大器及其电路组成。使用Rmeas电阻将共模扼流圈的测量绕组获得的电流转换为运算放大器的输入电压。运算放大器配置GOP的增益可以用图4的附加电阻R1R2的组合来调节,即
GOP=R2/R1
为了验证所提方法的有效性,用9.9 kW车载充电机进行实验,测试示意图如图9所示,加入优化设计方案,测试其抑制效果。
图9中,1为DUT;2为平面图;3为具有低相对介电常数(εr≤1.4)的支架,厚度50 mm;4为50 Ω负载;6为HV高压线路;7为LV AN低压人工网络;8为HV AN高压人工网络;9为低压电源线;10为交流电源线;11为12 V电池;12为交流人工电源网络(AC AMN);13为HV负载;14为散装头连接器;15为测量仪器;16为电源线滤波器;17为交流电源;18为高质量同轴电缆,例如双屏蔽电缆(50 Ω);19为个接地端;20为附加屏蔽盒;21为消声室。
根据安全标准规格中的漏电流要求可得Y电容器Cy=20 nF。对于运放反馈,为保证运放输出电流的限制要求,增益值固定为GOP=3。为了无源滤波在高频下仍然达到一个较高的衰减率,电阻选择Rmeas=100 Ω,因此可以得到主动反馈结构的参数值如下:LS=10 μH,Rmeas=100 Ω,R1=10 kΩ,R2=30 kΩ。利用这些信息,可以计算出共模扼流圈所需的电感。
实验按照车载充电机传导电压法测试国标要求:1)通信线束使用200(+200 /-0)mm长度;2)HV线束使用1 700(+300/-0)mm长度,距离板边100 mm,平行半边长度需要1 500±75 mm。传导电压法测试工况为:AC 220 V/50 Hz(市电)输入;350 V/26.5 A(13.6 Ω)HV输出;输出功率为9.9 kW(满载工况)。
车载充电机在加入改进滤波器前、后的传导电压法测试结果如图10所示,进行QP准峰值和AV平均值检波,测试数据重要节点采样结果如表2所示,各频段平均值结果如表3所示。
依据本文提出的方法,进行传导电压法测试,由传导电压法测试结果可以得到,相对于传统方法,加入改进滤波器后,低频段EMI噪声信号平均幅值为14.2 dB·µV,幅值降约10.3 dB·µV;中频段EMI噪声信号平均幅值为17.5 dB·µV,幅值降低约3.1 dB·μV;高频段EMI噪声信号平均幅值为22.4 dB·µV,幅值降低约8.3 dB·µV。
实验按照车载充电机辐射测试国标要求低于30 MHz,测量X面垂直方向极化天线。车载充电机辐射测试工况同传导测试工况。车载充电机在加入改进滤波器前、后辐射测试结果如图11所示。
测试数据重要节点采样结果如表4所示,各频段平均值结果如表5所示。
依据本文提出的方法,进行传导电压法测试,由传导电压法测试结果可以得到,相对于传统方法,加入改进滤波器后,低频段EMI噪声信号平均幅值为15.2 dB·µV,幅值降低约16.9 dB·µV;中频段EMI噪声信号平均幅值为15.1 dB·µV,幅值降低约14.5 dB·μV;高频段EMI噪声信号平均幅值为3.4 dB·µV,幅值降低约26.8 dB·µV。
本文提出了一种用于CM噪声衰减的车载充电机的混合电磁干扰滤波器。混合滤波器是由主动部分对无源滤波器的扩展。在本工作中,利用主动电流传感电流注入反馈拓扑结构扩展了一种用于CM噪声衰减的混合EMI滤波器。由此,在共模扼流圈处用单独的绕组测量噪声信号,并由运算放大器放大。然后放大的信号被反向插入Y电容器。该方法通过有源插入补偿信号来提高无源电磁干扰滤波器的衰减率。这种拓扑结构在高噪声源阻抗下降低CM噪声方面最为有效。本文设计了一种具有高电容阻抗的噪声源副本的混合电磁干扰滤波器原型,以实验验证了该设计的性能。通过引入的混合滤波器设计,可以设计出合适的具有无源CL拓扑的混合CSCI-EMI滤波器。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52177193)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划(2022GY-182)
  • 西安市科技计划项目(22GXFW0078)
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2024年第54卷第9期
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文章信息
doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd24828
  • 接收时间:2022-12-02
  • 首发时间:2025-11-05
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-02
  • 修回日期:2023-02-22
基金
国家自然科学基金(52177193)
陕西省重点研发计划(2022GY-182)
西安市科技计划项目(22GXFW0078)
作者信息
    1 西安理工大学 电气工程学院, 陕西 西安 710061
    2 浙江富特科技有限公司, 浙江 杭州 313300
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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