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Article(id=1190684597160657614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190684594115589101, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25827, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712764800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-11, revisedDate=1736179200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761810929812, onlineDateStr=2025-10-30, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761810929812, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761810929812, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761810929812, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190684594115589101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2025', volume='55', issue='4', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1761810929087, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761811258832, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190685977225081530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190684594115589101, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190685977225081531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190684594115589101, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=91, endPage=96, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190684598985179871, articleId=1190684597160657614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Application of Domestic Anti-interference Variable Frequency Drive System in Five-stand Continuous Cold Rolling Mill, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An anti-interference domestic variable frequency multi-drive system solution for the five-stand continuous cold rolling line in the steel strip cold rolling field was presented. Firstly，the mechanical equipment and rolling process of the 900 mm five-stand continuous rolling line was introduced，and matched the models of domestic AC drive devices according to the motor table. The parallel connection mode of modular rectifier feedback power supply and inverter and the fiber optic communication were briefly described. Then，the problem of instantaneous drop of the incoming grid voltage encountered by the common DC bus system and how to improve the system stability by adding capacitor banks were discussed. At the same time，the method of using encoder isolation distribution board was introduced and providing separate power supply for the encoder to solve the encoder signal interference problem. Finally，the anti-interference performance of the system was verified by comparing the speed and torque accuracy before and after the improvement.

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针对带钢冷轧领域中的五连轧生产线，介绍了一种抗干扰型国产变频多传动系统解决方案。首先介绍了900 mm五连轧生产线的机械设备和轧制流程，根据电机表匹配了国产交流传动装置的型号。简要介绍了模块化整流回馈电源和逆变器的并联方式和光纤通信。然后介绍了该公共直流母线系统遇到的进线电网电压瞬间跌落的问题，以及如何通过增加电容组提高系统稳定性。同时介绍了使用编码器隔离分配板并给码盘单独供电的方式，解决码盘信号干扰问题。最后通过对比改进前后的速度和转矩精度，验证了该系统的抗干扰性能。

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陈奎霖（2001—），男，本科，助理工程师，Email：
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邱书明（1982—），男，硕士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电气工程及其自动化，Email：

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邱书明（1982—），男，硕士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电气工程及其自动化，Email：

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邱书明（1982—），男，硕士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电气工程及其自动化，Email：

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Motor parameters and inverter configuration table

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名称 电机
总电流/A		 装置型号 装置额定电流/A
主轧机 2 336 TAC1-2850A-I2C3 2 850
卷取机 749 TAC1-1000A-I2C3 1 000
开卷机 145 TAC1-090-I1M 186
矫直机 145 TAC1-090-I1M 186
剪前夹送辊1 9.2 TAC1-007-I1J 17.5
剪前夹送辊2 9.2 TAC1-007-I1J 17.5
汇合夹送辊 45 TAC1-030-I1K 59
螺旋夹送辊 86.8 TAC1-055-I1S 124
活套转盘电机 315 TAC1-200-I1B2 370
1#入口S辊 171 TAC1-110-I1A2 210
2#入口S辊 209 TAC1-132-I1A2 260
3#入口S辊 298 TAC1-200-I1B2 370
1#出口S辊 298 TAC1-200-I1B2 370
2#出口S辊 247 TAC1-160-I1A2 315
3#出口S辊 209 TAC1-132-I1A2 260
4#出口S辊 171 TAC1-110-I1A2 210
剪前夹送辊 171 TAC1-110-I1A2 210
飞剪 209 TAC1-250-I1B2 510
转向压辊 15 TAC1-011-I1Q 25.5
磁性皮带 16.8 TAC1-011-I1Q 25.5
), ArticleFig(id=1191113270460298080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190684597160657614, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电机参数与逆变装置配置表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 电机
总电流/A		 装置型号 装置额定电流/A
主轧机 2 336 TAC1-2850A-I2C3 2 850
卷取机 749 TAC1-1000A-I2C3 1 000
开卷机 145 TAC1-090-I1M 186
矫直机 145 TAC1-090-I1M 186
剪前夹送辊1 9.2 TAC1-007-I1J 17.5
剪前夹送辊2 9.2 TAC1-007-I1J 17.5
汇合夹送辊 45 TAC1-030-I1K 59
螺旋夹送辊 86.8 TAC1-055-I1S 124
活套转盘电机 315 TAC1-200-I1B2 370
1#入口S辊 171 TAC1-110-I1A2 210
2#入口S辊 209 TAC1-132-I1A2 260
3#入口S辊 298 TAC1-200-I1B2 370
1#出口S辊 298 TAC1-200-I1B2 370
2#出口S辊 247 TAC1-160-I1A2 315
3#出口S辊 209 TAC1-132-I1A2 260
4#出口S辊 171 TAC1-110-I1A2 210
剪前夹送辊 171 TAC1-110-I1A2 210
飞剪 209 TAC1-250-I1B2 510
转向压辊 15 TAC1-011-I1Q 25.5
磁性皮带 16.8 TAC1-011-I1Q 25.5
), ArticleFig(id=1191113270544184162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190684597160657614, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Torque comparison before and after system improvement

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装置号 转矩
实际值/
（N·m）		 转矩
最高值/
（N·m）		 转矩
最低值/
（N·m）		 转矩给定值/% 精度
解决干扰前1#收卷
电机		 1 191.4 1 200.931 2 1 179.486 0 10.00 0.010 723
3 574.2 3 629.003 2 3 555.931 5 30.00 0.012 179
7 148.4 7 219.884 0 7 005.432 0 60.00 0.017 871
10 722.6 10 883.439 0 10 508.148 0 90.00 0.020 849
解决干扰后1#收卷
电机		 1 191.4 1 202.122 6 1 186.634 4 10.00 0.007 744
3 574.2 3 599.219 4 3 545.606 4 30.00 0.008 935
7 148.4 7 219.884 0 7 076.916 0 60.00 0.011 914
10 722.6 10 819.103 4 10 561.761 0 90.00 0.014 297
), ArticleFig(id=1191113270628070242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190684597160657614, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

系统改进前后转矩对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装置号 转矩
实际值/
（N·m）		 转矩
最高值/
（N·m）		 转矩
最低值/
（N·m）		 转矩给定值/% 精度
解决干扰前1#收卷
电机		 1 191.4 1 200.931 2 1 179.486 0 10.00 0.010 723
3 574.2 3 629.003 2 3 555.931 5 30.00 0.012 179
7 148.4 7 219.884 0 7 005.432 0 60.00 0.017 871
10 722.6 10 883.439 0 10 508.148 0 90.00 0.020 849
解决干扰后1#收卷
电机		 1 191.4 1 202.122 6 1 186.634 4 10.00 0.007 744
3 574.2 3 599.219 4 3 545.606 4 30.00 0.008 935
7 148.4 7 219.884 0 7 076.916 0 60.00 0.011 914
10 722.6 10 819.103 4 10 561.761 0 90.00 0.014 297
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国产抗干扰型变频传动系统在冷轧五连轧机的应用
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邱书明 1, 2 , 赵斌 2 , 陈奎霖 2 , 陈志斌 2 , 李超 2
电气传动 | 工业应用 2025,55(4): 91-96
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电气传动 | 工业应用 2025, 55(4): 91-96
国产抗干扰型变频传动系统在冷轧五连轧机的应用
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邱书明1, 2 , 赵斌2, 陈奎霖2 , 陈志斌2, 李超2
作者信息
  • 1 天津电气科学研究院有限公司，天津 300180
  • 2 天津天传电气传动有限公司，天津 300301

    • 邱书明（1982—），男，硕士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电气工程及其自动化，Email：

通讯作者:

陈奎霖（2001—），男，本科，助理工程师，Email：
Application of Domestic Anti-interference Variable Frequency Drive System in Five-stand Continuous Cold Rolling Mill
Shuming QIU1, 2 , Bin ZHAO2, Kuilin CHEN2 , Zhibin CHEN2, Chao LI2
Affiliations
  • 1 Tianjin Research Institute of Electric Science Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300180，China
  • 2 Tianjin Tianchuan Electric Drive Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300301，China
出版时间: 2025-04-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25827
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摘要
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针对带钢冷轧领域中的五连轧生产线，介绍了一种抗干扰型国产变频多传动系统解决方案。首先介绍了900 mm五连轧生产线的机械设备和轧制流程，根据电机表匹配了国产交流传动装置的型号。简要介绍了模块化整流回馈电源和逆变器的并联方式和光纤通信。然后介绍了该公共直流母线系统遇到的进线电网电压瞬间跌落的问题，以及如何通过增加电容组提高系统稳定性。同时介绍了使用编码器隔离分配板并给码盘单独供电的方式，解决码盘信号干扰问题。最后通过对比改进前后的速度和转矩精度，验证了该系统的抗干扰性能。

冷轧五连轧  /  多传动系统  /  抗干扰

An anti-interference domestic variable frequency multi-drive system solution for the five-stand continuous cold rolling line in the steel strip cold rolling field was presented. Firstly，the mechanical equipment and rolling process of the 900 mm five-stand continuous rolling line was introduced，and matched the models of domestic AC drive devices according to the motor table. The parallel connection mode of modular rectifier feedback power supply and inverter and the fiber optic communication were briefly described. Then，the problem of instantaneous drop of the incoming grid voltage encountered by the common DC bus system and how to improve the system stability by adding capacitor banks were discussed. At the same time，the method of using encoder isolation distribution board was introduced and providing separate power supply for the encoder to solve the encoder signal interference problem. Finally，the anti-interference performance of the system was verified by comparing the speed and torque accuracy before and after the improvement.

five-stand continuous cold rolling mill  /  multiple drive system  /  anti-interference
邱书明, 赵斌, 陈奎霖, 陈志斌, 李超. 国产抗干扰型变频传动系统在冷轧五连轧机的应用. 电气传动, 2025 , 55 (4) : 91 -96 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25827
Shuming QIU, Bin ZHAO, Kuilin CHEN, Zhibin CHEN, Chao LI. Application of Domestic Anti-interference Variable Frequency Drive System in Five-stand Continuous Cold Rolling Mill[J]. Electric Drive, 2025 , 55 (4) : 91 -96 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25827
正文
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随着工业技术的不断革新与发展，带钢冷轧工艺作为钢铁行业的重要组成部分，其技术升级和效率提升成为行业关注的焦点。在各类冷轧工艺中，冷轧五连轧的热度不断升高，也被越来越多的钢厂所优先考虑。冷连轧的传动装置多采用交流变频系统，能够达到高速、高效、节能的目的。其核心装置为变频器和整流单元，以前多采用进口产品。近年来随着国内交流传动技术的不断进步，国产变频器的应用日趋成熟。特别是国产大功率矢量控制型变频产品，在冶金领域多传动系统中，逐渐替代进口品牌。五连轧传动系统有如下特点：1）主轧机电机功率较大，一般在2 000 kW以上。2）由于轧线机械设备较长，有的电机距离主电室较远，码盘反馈易受干扰。3）当外部电网不稳时，传动系统会受影响。这些问题会影响轧线的正常生产，降低最终产品的质量，甚至导致安全问题。
本文介绍了一个已经投入生产的国产变频传动系统在冷轧五连轧线上的应用案例，通过分析应用过程中遇到的一些问题和相关解决措施，展示了一种抗干扰型大功率多传动国产变频系统。
1 传动系统介绍
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1.1 基本情况介绍
本案例为900 mm冷轧五连轧设备，该生产线最大宽度为900 mm，可轧制多种规格的普碳钢、马口铁以及硅钢等。机械部分包含上卸料设备、开卷机、定位焊接、活套转盘、主轧机、飞剪、S辊以及卷取机等。具体工艺流程如图1所示。原料钢卷由入口开卷机带入，进行矫直后对钢带切边处理；再经过活套转盘和入口S辊，送入五连主轧机轧制；随后经过出口S辊和夹送辊，送入卷取机；卷取成型后由飞剪切断，完成收卷的卷取机通过卸料小车将成品钢卷移出，至此工艺完成。
1.2 传动系统配置
1.2.1 系统的整体配置
根据连轧设备的传动工艺要求，同时考虑现场的应用条件[1-2]，整线采用大功率整流回馈电源和逆变器组成的公共直流母线多传动系统。该系统选用了国产某品牌TAC1系列工程型矢量变频产品。由于厂区已经有高压SVG动态补偿装置，不需要单独调节功率因数，因此母线采用IGBT整流回馈单元，以实现电机与电网能量双向流动，达到节能、降耗的目的。
轧线整体分为3段直流母线：1段、2段为690 V进线电压的直流母线，用于主轧机和卷取机逆变器的供电；3段为380 V进线电压的直流母线，用于辅传动电机的逆变器供电。
1.2.2 装置选型
根据轧线传动系统各电机的工艺要求[3-4]，选配逆变器，具体配置如表1所示。其中：主轧机功率为2 000 kW，逆变器选用TAC1-2850A-I2C3型产品，该型为三并联模块，功率为2 800 kW，满足电机轧制需求；卷取机功率为650 kW，逆变器选用1 000 kW的TAC1-1000A-I2C3型产品，考虑到卷取机会有低转速大转矩的工况，因此装置选型裕量较大。系统示意图如图2所示。
380 V进线的公共母线系统中：飞剪电机按照过载要求，逆变器额定功率为电机的2.5倍左右。其他辅传动电机，逆变器按1.2倍左右电机额定功率选型。
IGBT整流回馈电源选型配置如下：
1段公共直流母线下挂3台主轧机逆变器，电机总功率6 000 kW。根据实际总负荷率85%以下原则。配置TAC1-5090A-G2C3型整流回馈电源，为5并联模块，额定输出功率5 794 kW。
2段公共直流母线下挂2台主轧机逆变器和2台分时复用的卷取机逆变器，实际工作的电机功率为5 050 kW。配置TAC1-4070A-G2C3型整流回馈电源，4并联模块，额定输出功率4 635 kW。
3段母线为380 V辅传动电机，基于所有电机工况计算，整流回馈电源选用TAC1-2040A-G1C3型产品，额定输出1 344 kW。
该方案充分考虑电机实际需求与系统效率，确保生产线稳定运行。
1.2.3 系统中抗干扰型并联模块和通信方式
本系统由于主电机功率较大，轧机逆变器和整流单元均采用模块化并联型装置。主、从模块之间的数据传送采用高速光纤通信方式，速率可达50 Mbps。通过光纤通信可以有效防止外部电磁干扰和接地不良引起的运行故障。同时为了保证并联逆变器的均流特性，还通过6根专用的驱动光纤，保证了每个模块IGBT触发的一致性，提高输出的稳定性。逆变器的并联光纤共8根，接线方式如图3所示。
系统中的整流回馈单元也是1主站、多从站的并联方式，与逆变相同。只是把6根专用驱动光纤换成了1根同步信号光纤，共3根光纤通信，如图4所示。
该轧机传动系统与自动化主站的通信方式采用PROFINET网络通信。所有整流单元和逆变器都通过PN通讯板与自动化主站PLC连接，组成串行网络，如图5所示。
PN通信相比DP通信传输速度更快，数据量更大。同时，PN通信的网线是光纤信号，不会受到电磁干扰以及共模干扰等影响。
该系统的装置主从通信和自动化网络通信都采用光纤信号。光纤的传输损耗非常小，可以在长距离传输时保持信号的清晰和稳定，这使得系统能够在复杂的电磁环境下保持通信的可靠性，进而增强了系统的抗干扰能力。
2 运行过程中遇到的问题和处理措施以及效果分析
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2.1 关于进线电压瞬态跌落
2.1.1 问题分析
由于该轧线所处地点在山区，电网特性较软，当有大负荷冲击时，电网电压会有短时的瞬态跌落。装置的进线电压有时会降低20%以上。同时整流电源的直流母线电压也会跟着下降，导致轧线运行时整流单元和逆变器同时报欠压故障。迫使轧线停机，可能还会有断带，严重影响了正常生产。
即使在不报故障的情况下，受电网的影响，直流母线电压也会有一定的波动，影响逆变器控制电机的精度[5-6]。
2.1.2 解决措施
经过现场实际观察，厂区的电网不稳，轧机整流变压器的进线电压在某些时间会出现5 ms左右的瞬态跌落，然后恢复。可以通过增加直流母线上的电能存储量来降低电压波动。同时调节整流单元的参数，增大欠压报警的门槛值和时间，使整流单元不轻易报故障。
电解电容组作为储能元件，并联到直流母线上能够存储一定的电能，可以起到减少电压波动的作用。当有短时电压跌落时，电容组能够释放电能，维持母线电压，降低跌幅。电解电容组的配置和系统原理如图6所示。
电容组内部采用3串8并的形式，由于系统直流母线电压最高为975 V，而一般电解电容的额定电压为400 V，因此需要每路3个电容串联，达到额定电压DC 1 200 V，才能满足母线要求。选用单个电容值为6.8 mF的电解电容，3串8并后组成电容组，每组容值为
C 1 = 6.8 3 × 8 = 18.133 m F
根据观测，每次电网电压跌落时间大概为t=5 ms。母线直流电压最大值975 V，逆变器报警的欠压门槛值为705 V。要求当有5 ms的进线电压跌落时，直流母线电压不能低于705 V，母线电容电量应满足要求。
电容储存电量的计算公式如下：
E = 1 2 C × ( Δ U ) 2 = P × t
式中：E为需要的总电量，J；C为电容值，mF； Δ U为电压差，V；P为整段母线最大负荷，kW；t为瞬间跌落时间，ms。
功率最大的母线段控制3台2 000 kW主轧电机，正常工作负荷率小于80%。整段母线最大负荷为P=4 800 kW。带入数据后，计算所需总电容量为 1 / 2 C × ( 975 − 705 ) 2 = 4   8005 × , C = 658 m F。
母线段的整流和逆变单元共有14个模块，每个模块电容量31.5 mF，计算可得该母线已有的电容值为 C 2 = 441 m F，因此计算需要补充的电容组数量为
N = ( C − C 2 ) C 1 = ( 658 − 441 ) 18.133 = 11.96 ≈ 12
式中：N为需要的电容组数量；C1为每组电容组容量，mF；C2为母线已有的电容量，mF。
因此需要并联12个电容组。最终经过增加上述数量的电容组后，可以满足现场5 ms内的电压极限瞬间跌落，不会影响装置正常运行。电容柜的现场实物如图7所示。12个电容组装在2个电气柜内，并联到该直流母线上。
2.2 码盘信号干扰
2.2.1 问题分析
在应用过程中还发现，车间和主电室没有专门的接地极，是以扁铁连接厂区的基础框架组成整个厂区的接地网。而且现场有些带编码器的电机距离主电室较远，码盘线和电机线都比较长。这些电机在运行时偶尔会报出码盘故障。分析可能有以下原因：1）距离较远的电机外壳接地与电气室系统地之间存在共模干扰；2）码盘信号线距离过长，信号会受到电磁干扰。
2.2.2 解决措施
为了解决码盘信号干扰问题，在传动系统中针对有编码器反馈的电机，做了如下处理：
1）增配码盘信号隔离分配板（TSC1-FM19）。将电机码盘线先接到隔离分配板，然后再从分配板接到逆变器。码盘信号经过电路板过滤，脉冲波形变好，没有毛刺。
2）码盘电源使用单独的外部24 V电源供电，与逆变器控制板隔离，防止码盘接地和电气柜接地的共模干扰。
3）码盘电缆内部两两双绞，电缆屏蔽层单端接地。避免电机侧地极与系统侧地极之间存在电压差而导致屏蔽层有感应电流。
码盘信号隔离分配板的连接方式如图8所示。
2.3 进行上述改善措施后的数据对比与分析
系统经过上述改进措施后，抗干扰性能提升明显，没有再报过欠压和码盘故障。同时，由于母线直流电压更加稳定，码盘反馈更加精确，使电机的转速精度和转矩精度都有了较明显的改善。下面通过主轧机的实际转速精度和卷取机的转矩精度，对比系统改善前后的效果。
2.3.1 主轧机电机的转速精度对比
利用iba实时监控系统，监测1#主轧机的速度，系统改善前的轧机电机转速曲线如图9所示。
电机参考转速为1 500 r/min。转速给定40%时，如图所示给定值为一条直线。速度稳定后，实际速度反馈曲线波动范围在39.6%到40.2%之间，因此可以计算得出：1#主轧机在系统改善前的转速精度为0.4%。
系统改善之后，在正常轧制过程中，1#主轧机电机在同样转速给定40%时，iba监控的实际速度反馈曲线如图10所示，波动明显减小。此时速度实际值波动范围在39.9%~40.1%之间，计算得出轧机转速精度为0.1%。相比系统改进前0.4%的速度精度，有了较大的提升。钢带在轧制的过程中运行平稳。
2.3.2 卷取机的转矩精度对比
卷取机在工作过程中处于速度饱和状态，卷取的过程属于恒张力控制，主要靠转矩限幅来控制电机。转矩给定由PLC直接发送到卷取机逆变器。转矩值也随着钢卷的直径变化而变化。
在调试运行时，对系统改善前和改善后，分别在多个点的工况下，记录了转矩给定值与实际值精度，如表2所示。卷取机转矩给定在10%到90%时，改善前卷取机的实际转矩精度在1.07%~2.08%之间，改善后的精度在0.77%~1.43%之间。可以明显看出，更稳定的直流电源和更可靠的转速反馈，确实能够提升卷取机的转矩控制精度。
3 结论
收起
在公共直流母线形式的多传动系统中，直流母线上并联电容组，是一种能够解决电源进线电压瞬态跌落问题的有效策略。
电容组在电压跌落时能迅速释放存储的能量，为系统提供短时的电能补充，维持母线电压。同时，它也能在正常运行时，减小母线电压波动，使逆变器运行更加稳定。
对于接地不太可靠或者有共模干扰的现场，电机码盘信号易受干扰。通过增加码盘隔离分配板，并采取码盘单独外部供电、电缆屏蔽层单端接地等措施，能够解决码盘信号干扰问题。不仅可以有效提升逆变器的速度精度，还能保证更高的转矩精度。
该电控系统经过上述的改进提升后，使五连轧生产线运行更加稳定，未再出现过故障。保障了生产工艺的顺利进行。此种国产变频多传动系统，以及应用过程中的抗干扰改善方案，能为冷轧和冷连轧电控系统提供一些借鉴与参考。
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2025年第55卷第4期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25827
  • 接收时间：2024-04-11
  • 首发时间：2025-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-11
  • 修回日期：2025-01-07
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    1 天津电气科学研究院有限公司，天津 300180
    2 天津天传电气传动有限公司，天津 300301

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陈奎霖（2001—），男，本科，助理工程师，Email：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
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光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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