Article(id=1190568681768894669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190568677100630212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25806, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=1719331200000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761783293429, onlineDateStr=2025-10-30, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761783293429, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761783293429, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761783293429, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190568677100630212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2025', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761783292313, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761785145031, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190576448026063162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190568677100630212, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190576448026063163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190568677100630212, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190568682012164305, articleId=1190568681768894669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Accurate Simulation Calculation and Actual Measurement of Distributed Capacitance Parameters of Motor, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The common-mode equivalent circuit model of the motor is the basis for analyzing the electric erosion of bearings,especially for analyzing the technical problems and experimental phenomena of shaft voltage and shaft current,among which the centralized equivalent model is an important calculation basis for the key index of bearing electric erosion that is bearing voltage ratio (BVR),which can be evaluated in the early stage of motor design. The accurate simulation calculation of the distributed capacitance parameters of the centralized equivalent model were studied in depth. Firstly,the simulation calculation and comparison of the two-dimensional single-slot and full-model motors were carried out. Secondly,the influence of the stator winding end and the rotor end ring on the stray capacitance was considered,and the three-dimensional motor model was simulated and calculated,and the more accurate distributed capacitance parameters were obtained through comparative study. Finally,the parameters of YQ190-14 type traction motor were taken as an example,and the simulation calculation results and test results were compared and analyzed,and the accuracy of the simulation calculation results was verified.

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电机共模等效电路模型是分析电机轴承电蚀,尤其是轴电压、轴电流技术问题和实验现象的基础,其中集中等效模型是轴承电蚀关键指标——轴电压对共模电压的占比(BVR)的重要计算依据,可以在电机设计初期进行评估。对集中等效模型分布电容参数的精确仿真计算进行了深入研究,首先对二维单槽和电机全模型进行仿真计算对比研究,然后考虑定子绕组端部和转子端环对杂散电容的影响,对三维电机模型进行仿真计算研究,通过对比研究,获得较精确的分布电容参数,最后以YQ190-14型牵引电机为例,进行参数测定,对仿真计算结果和测试结果进行对比分析,验证了仿真计算结果的精确性。

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王建良(1975—),男,博士,教授级高工,主要研究方向为风力发电机研发设计,Email:
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吴冰(1979—),女,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为电机及控制,Email:

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吴冰(1979—),女,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为电机及控制,Email:

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吴冰(1979—),女,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为电机及控制,Email:

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Tran-sactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(1):60-67., articleTitle=Calculation and measurement of coupling capacitances in AC motors based on bearing currents problem induced by PWM inverters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190711541868675795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=30, issue=14, pageStart=161, pageEnd=169, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=刘瑞芳, 李俊峰, 桑秉谦, journalName=电工技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘瑞芳, 李俊峰, 桑秉谦, 等. 基于电磁场数值计算的变频供电感应电机耦合电容与轴电压的分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(14):161-169., articleTitle=基于电磁场数值计算的变频供电感应电机耦合电容与轴电压的分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190711542007087828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=30, issue=14, pageStart=161, pageEnd=169, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LIU Ruifang, LI Junfeng, SANG Bingqian, journalName=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Ruifang, LI Junfeng, SANG Bingqian, et al. Modeling of coupled capacitances and bearing voltage in induction motors fed by inverters based on numerical calculation of electromagenetic field[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(14):161-169., articleTitle=Modeling of coupled capacitances and bearing voltage in induction motors fed by inverters based on numerical calculation of electromagenetic field, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190711542162277077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=29, issue=S1, pageStart=124, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=王禹, 白保东, journalName=电工技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王禹, 白保东. 分布参数共模等效电路关键参数确定及轴承电流计算[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(S1):124-131., articleTitle=分布参数共模等效电路关键参数确定及轴承电流计算, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190711543319904982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=29, issue=S1, pageStart=124, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=WANG Yu, BAI Baodong, journalName=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yu, BAI Baodong. Determination of key parameters in distribution parameters common mode equivalent circuit and calculation of the bearing currents[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(S1):124-131., articleTitle=Determination of key parameters in distribution parameters common mode equivalent circuit and calculation of the bearing currents, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190711539750552258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, awardId=2023YFB4202800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4202800), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190711530019766914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190711530023961219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, companyId=1190711530019766914, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Rail Transit Locomotive and Vehicle,Hunan Railway Professional Technology College,Zhuzhou 412001,Hunan,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190711530032349828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, companyId=1190711530019766914, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 湖南铁道职业技术学院 轨道交通机车车辆学院,湖南 株洲 412001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190711530351116933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190711530359505542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, companyId=1190711530351116933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Jiangsu CRRC Motor Co.,Ltd.,Yancheng 224100,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190711530367894151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, companyId=1190711530351116933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 江苏中车电机有限公司,江苏 盐城 224100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190711533014499998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Centralized equivalent distributed capacitance of motor, figureFileSmall=M7o/p4pSMMbJEbi/G5OsIw==, figureFileBig=PXVORXHheCsjdd9Ud3vNbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711533115163295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=图1, caption=电机集中等效分布电容, figureFileSmall=M7o/p4pSMMbJEbi/G5OsIw==, figureFileBig=PXVORXHheCsjdd9Ud3vNbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711533257769632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Centralized parameter equivalent model of motor without 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711534918714020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Calculation model of capacitance of rotor at different positions, figureFileSmall=8m+CmMPrB/djCSB03PiU6g==, figureFileBig=3UJv/7XolzW3r3D4s7otjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535078097573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=图4, caption=转子在不同位置下的电容计算模型, figureFileSmall=8m+CmMPrB/djCSB03PiU6g==, figureFileBig=3UJv/7XolzW3r3D4s7otjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535216509606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The simulation model of two-dimensional full model motor, figureFileSmall=i9WiPTOHVUmP9xVi2mHpAQ==, figureFileBig=EGNceoPg3prUFPn7V9CTTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535321367207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=图5, caption=二维全模型电机仿真模型, figureFileSmall=i9WiPTOHVUmP9xVi2mHpAQ==, figureFileBig=EGNceoPg3prUFPn7V9CTTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535405253288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Three-dimensional simulation model and simulation calculation results of the motor, figureFileSmall=WX0pmMsw3DgTxy3epaLCZw==, figureFileBig=aeEoyveN3qNTcd6r/NfFwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535518499497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=图6, caption=电机三维仿真模型与仿真计算结果, figureFileSmall=WX0pmMsw3DgTxy3epaLCZw==, figureFileBig=aeEoyveN3qNTcd6r/NfFwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535652717226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Three-dimensional simulation model and simulation calculation results of the motor considering the bearing oil seals at both ends, figureFileSmall=FXRCnGzmGjmjzgOb3EviYA==, figureFileBig=XRskTswuDC8ThNqOoljhgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535774352043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=图7, caption=考虑两端轴承油封时电机三维仿真模型与仿真结果, figureFileSmall=FXRCnGzmGjmjzgOb3EviYA==, figureFileBig=XRskTswuDC8ThNqOoljhgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535866626732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Traction motor port capacitance measurement circuit diagram, figureFileSmall=Cqndg0NQu2BjQoHfhz/+Og==, figureFileBig=Pk1oPkZ8IS6O8GU/np7N1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711535984067245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=图8, caption=牵引电机端口电容测量电路图, figureFileSmall=Cqndg0NQu2BjQoHfhz/+Og==, figureFileBig=Pk1oPkZ8IS6O8GU/np7N1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190711536181199534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Dielectric constant of motor insulation material after dipping paint

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
绝缘结构 材料 相对介电常数
23 ℃ 150 ℃
槽楔 聚酰亚胺胚布 2.25 2.85
楔下垫条 NOME×410纸 2.13 2.06
线圈外包绝缘 3.17 3.01
中间垫条 NOME×410纸 2.13 2.06
槽底垫条 NOME×410纸 2.13 2.06
铜线外包绝缘 聚酰亚胺薄膜 1.69 1.69
轴承润滑脂 油脂 3.0
), ArticleFig(id=1190711536273474223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电机绝缘材料浸漆后的介电常数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
绝缘结构 材料 相对介电常数
23 ℃ 150 ℃
槽楔 聚酰亚胺胚布 2.25 2.85
楔下垫条 NOME×410纸 2.13 2.06
线圈外包绝缘 3.17 3.01
中间垫条 NOME×410纸 2.13 2.06
槽底垫条 NOME×410纸 2.13 2.06
铜线外包绝缘 聚酰亚胺薄膜 1.69 1.69
轴承润滑脂 油脂 3.0
), ArticleFig(id=1190711536369943216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Capacitor calculation results and errors of single-slot model of motor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/nF 计算误差/% 数值/nF 计算误差/% 数值/nF 计算误差/%
光滑转子模型 14.71 -0.067 0.090 8 4.49 0.701 7 6.48
开槽转子模型 14.72 0 0.080 5 -7.36 0.696 5.61
全电机
三维模型
14.72 0.086 9 0.659
), ArticleFig(id=1190711536462217905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

电机单槽模型电容计算结果及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/nF 计算误差/% 数值/nF 计算误差/% 数值/nF 计算误差/%
光滑转子模型 14.71 -0.067 0.090 8 4.49 0.701 7 6.48
开槽转子模型 14.72 0 0.080 5 -7.36 0.696 5.61
全电机
三维模型
14.72 0.086 9 0.659
), ArticleFig(id=1190711536567075506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Calculation results and errors of stray capacitance of motor at different positions of rotor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/%
1 14 715.06 86.87 659.100 6
2 14 715.06 -3.6×10-7 86.87 6.2×10-5 659.059 2 -6.3×10-5
3 14 715.05 -6.1×10-7 86.88 1.03×10-4 658.983 6 1.78×10-4
4 14 715.07 2.4×10-7 86.87 -4.1×10-5 658.942 2 -2.4×10-4
), ArticleFig(id=1190711536671933107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

转子不同位置下电机杂散电容计算结果及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/%
1 14 715.06 86.87 659.100 6
2 14 715.06 -3.6×10-7 86.87 6.2×10-5 659.059 2 -6.3×10-5
3 14 715.05 -6.1×10-7 86.88 1.03×10-4 658.983 6 1.78×10-4
4 14 715.07 2.4×10-7 86.87 -4.1×10-5 658.942 2 -2.4×10-4
), ArticleFig(id=1190711536797762228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The coupling capacitance simulation results of two-dimensional full model motor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
绝缘 Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/%
考虑绕组导体间绝缘 14 715.07 86.87 659.10
不考虑绕组导体间绝缘 16 640.48 13.08 89.62 3.16 656.49 0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1190711536911008437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

二维全模型电机耦合电容的仿真结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
绝缘 Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/%
考虑绕组导体间绝缘 14 715.07 86.87 659.10
不考虑绕组导体间绝缘 16 640.48 13.08 89.62 3.16 656.49 0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1190711537003283126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Calculation results and errors of two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element coupling capacitance of motor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/%
二维模型 14.72 -11.2 0.086 9 -66.7 0.659 -73.8
三维模型 17.92 8.08 0.257 -1.53 2.57 1.98
实测值 16.58 0.261 2.52
), ArticleFig(id=1190711537112335031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

电机二维和三维有限元耦合电容计算结果及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cwf Cwr Crf
数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/% 数值/pF 计算误差/%
二维模型 14.72 -11.2 0.086 9 -66.7 0.659 -73.8
三维模型 17.92 8.08 0.257 -1.53 2.57 1.98
实测值 16.58 0.261 2.52
), ArticleFig(id=1190711537208804024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Test data of motor port capacitance and resistance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试项目 测试数据
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz
三相绕组不短接时电机端口电容测试 三相绕组与
机壳间电容/nF
Cila 17.755 16.836 17.295 2.013
Cilb 17.755 16.837 17.342 1.362 3
Cilc 17.755 16.837 17.292 1.981 3
三相绕组与
转子间电容/nF
Ci2a 8.292 7.893 7.873 1.746 9
Ci2b 8.292 7.893 7.883 1.239 4
Ci2c 8.292 7.893 7.872 1.721 9
机壳与转子间电容/nF Ci3 15.122 14.402 14.015 14.02 4
三相绕组不短接时电机端口电阻测试 三相绕组与
机壳间电阻/Ω
Rila 4 614 276.4 22.23 1 928.9
Rilb 4 618 276.4 22.61 1 393.5
Rilc 4 620 276.5 22.25 1 949.4
三相绕组与
转子间电阻/Ω
Ri2a 10 283 563.8 36.68 1 937.8
Ri2b 10 273 564.2 36.69 1 404.6
Ri2c 10 285 565.5 36.78 1 966.1
机壳与转子间电阻/Ω Ri3 6 032 298.2 16.084 2.035
三相绕组短接时电机端口电容测试 三相短接与
机壳间电容/nF
Ci4 17.775 16.833 16.395 23.530
三相短接与
转子间电容/nF
Ci5 8.301 7.893 7.682 8.877
转子与机壳间电容/nF Ci6 15.132 14.401 14.013 14.008
三相绕组短接时电机端口电阻测试 三相短接与
机壳间电阻/Ω
Ri4 4 649 278.2 13.758 6.795
三相短接与
转子间电阻/Ω
Ri5 10 365 572.9 29.79 8.039
转子与机壳间电阻/Ω Ri6 6 070 299.2 16.242 2.138
), ArticleFig(id=1190711537426907833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

电机端口电容、电阻测试数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试项目 测试数据
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz
三相绕组不短接时电机端口电容测试 三相绕组与
机壳间电容/nF
Cila 17.755 16.836 17.295 2.013
Cilb 17.755 16.837 17.342 1.362 3
Cilc 17.755 16.837 17.292 1.981 3
三相绕组与
转子间电容/nF
Ci2a 8.292 7.893 7.873 1.746 9
Ci2b 8.292 7.893 7.883 1.239 4
Ci2c 8.292 7.893 7.872 1.721 9
机壳与转子间电容/nF Ci3 15.122 14.402 14.015 14.02 4
三相绕组不短接时电机端口电阻测试 三相绕组与
机壳间电阻/Ω
Rila 4 614 276.4 22.23 1 928.9
Rilb 4 618 276.4 22.61 1 393.5
Rilc 4 620 276.5 22.25 1 949.4
三相绕组与
转子间电阻/Ω
Ri2a 10 283 563.8 36.68 1 937.8
Ri2b 10 273 564.2 36.69 1 404.6
Ri2c 10 285 565.5 36.78 1 966.1
机壳与转子间电阻/Ω Ri3 6 032 298.2 16.084 2.035
三相绕组短接时电机端口电容测试 三相短接与
机壳间电容/nF
Ci4 17.775 16.833 16.395 23.530
三相短接与
转子间电容/nF
Ci5 8.301 7.893 7.682 8.877
转子与机壳间电容/nF Ci6 15.132 14.401 14.013 14.008
三相绕组短接时电机端口电阻测试 三相短接与
机壳间电阻/Ω
Ri4 4 649 278.2 13.758 6.795
三相短接与
转子间电阻/Ω
Ri5 10 365 572.9 29.79 8.039
转子与机壳间电阻/Ω Ri6 6 070 299.2 16.242 2.138
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Port impedance angle of the motor when the three-phase winding is not shorted

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量项目 相角/(°)
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz
定子三相绕组与机壳间阻抗角 θila 87.05 88.33 88.62 22.29
θi1b 87.05 88.33 88.59 39.98
θi1c 87.04 88.32 88.62 22.39
定子三相绕组与转子间阻抗角 θi2a 86.93 88.40 88.97 25.18
θi2b 86.93 88.40 88.96 42.43
θi2c 86.93 88.39 88.96 25.18
机壳与转子间阻抗角 θi3 86.72 88.45 89.19 88.97
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三相绕组不短接时电机端口阻抗角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量项目 相角/(°)
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz
定子三相绕组与机壳间阻抗角 θila 87.05 88.33 88.62 22.29
θi1b 87.05 88.33 88.59 39.98
θi1c 87.04 88.32 88.62 22.39
定子三相绕组与转子间阻抗角 θi2a 86.93 88.40 88.97 25.18
θi2b 86.93 88.40 88.96 42.43
θi2c 86.93 88.39 88.96 25.18
机壳与转子间阻抗角 θi3 86.72 88.45 89.19 88.97
), ArticleFig(id=1190711537754063548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Port impedance angle of the motor when the three-phase winding is shorted

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量项目 相角/(°)
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 Hz
三相绕组短接与
机壳间阻抗角
θi4 87.03 88.31 89.19 84.27
三相绕组短接点与
转子间阻抗角
θi5 86.91 88.38 89.18 87.43
转子与机壳间
阻抗角
θi6 86.70 88.45 89.18 88.92
), ArticleFig(id=1190711538827805373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

三相绕组短接时电机端口阻抗角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量项目 相角/(°)
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 Hz
三相绕组短接与
机壳间阻抗角
θi4 87.03 88.31 89.19 84.27
三相绕组短接点与
转子间阻抗角
θi5 86.91 88.38 89.18 87.43
转子与机壳间
阻抗角
θi6 86.70 88.45 89.18 88.92
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Calculation results of distributed capacitance of motor nF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1 kHz 10 kHz
Cwf Cwr Crf Cwf Cwr Crf
三相绕组未短接 16.58 0.259 2.52 17.05 0.262 2.45
三相绕组短接 16.58 0.261 2.52 16.15 0.251 2.46
短接与不短接误差/% 0 -0.77 0 5.6 4.4 -0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1190711539259818687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

电机分布电容计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1 kHz 10 kHz
Cwf Cwr Crf Cwf Cwr Crf
三相绕组未短接 16.58 0.259 2.52 17.05 0.262 2.45
三相绕组短接 16.58 0.261 2.52 16.15 0.251 2.46
短接与不短接误差/% 0 -0.77 0 5.6 4.4 -0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1190711539373064896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Test results of centralized distributed capacitance of the motor

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测试项点 Cwf /nF Cwr /nF Crf /nF
测试结果 16.58 0.261 2.52
), ArticleFig(id=1190711539490505409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190568681768894669, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

某型号电机集中分布电容测试结果

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测试项点 Cwf /nF Cwr /nF Crf /nF
测试结果 16.58 0.261 2.52
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电机分布电容参数的精确仿真计算及实际测定
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吴冰 1 , 王建良 2
电气传动 | 电气传动及其控制 2025,55(6): 3-10
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电气传动 | 电气传动及其控制 2025, 55(6): 3-10
电机分布电容参数的精确仿真计算及实际测定
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吴冰1 , 王建良2
作者信息
  • 1 湖南铁道职业技术学院 轨道交通机车车辆学院,湖南 株洲 412001
  • 2 江苏中车电机有限公司,江苏 盐城 224100
  • 吴冰(1979—),女,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为电机及控制,Email:

通讯作者:

王建良(1975—),男,博士,教授级高工,主要研究方向为风力发电机研发设计,Email:
Accurate Simulation Calculation and Actual Measurement of Distributed Capacitance Parameters of Motor
Bing WU1 , Jianliang WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Rail Transit Locomotive and Vehicle,Hunan Railway Professional Technology College,Zhuzhou 412001,Hunan,China
  • 2 Jiangsu CRRC Motor Co.,Ltd.,Yancheng 224100,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25806
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电机共模等效电路模型是分析电机轴承电蚀,尤其是轴电压、轴电流技术问题和实验现象的基础,其中集中等效模型是轴承电蚀关键指标——轴电压对共模电压的占比(BVR)的重要计算依据,可以在电机设计初期进行评估。对集中等效模型分布电容参数的精确仿真计算进行了深入研究,首先对二维单槽和电机全模型进行仿真计算对比研究,然后考虑定子绕组端部和转子端环对杂散电容的影响,对三维电机模型进行仿真计算研究,通过对比研究,获得较精确的分布电容参数,最后以YQ190-14型牵引电机为例,进行参数测定,对仿真计算结果和测试结果进行对比分析,验证了仿真计算结果的精确性。

轴承电蚀  /  集中等效模型  /  分布电容参数  /  精确仿真计算  /  实际测定

The common-mode equivalent circuit model of the motor is the basis for analyzing the electric erosion of bearings,especially for analyzing the technical problems and experimental phenomena of shaft voltage and shaft current,among which the centralized equivalent model is an important calculation basis for the key index of bearing electric erosion that is bearing voltage ratio (BVR),which can be evaluated in the early stage of motor design. The accurate simulation calculation of the distributed capacitance parameters of the centralized equivalent model were studied in depth. Firstly,the simulation calculation and comparison of the two-dimensional single-slot and full-model motors were carried out. Secondly,the influence of the stator winding end and the rotor end ring on the stray capacitance was considered,and the three-dimensional motor model was simulated and calculated,and the more accurate distributed capacitance parameters were obtained through comparative study. Finally,the parameters of YQ190-14 type traction motor were taken as an example,and the simulation calculation results and test results were compared and analyzed,and the accuracy of the simulation calculation results was verified.

electric erosion of bearings  /  centralized equivalent model  /  distributed capacitance parameters  /  accurate simulation calculation  /  actual determination
吴冰, 王建良. 电机分布电容参数的精确仿真计算及实际测定. 电气传动, 2025 , 55 (6) : 3 -10 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25806
Bing WU, Jianliang WANG. Accurate Simulation Calculation and Actual Measurement of Distributed Capacitance Parameters of Motor[J]. Electric Drive, 2025 , 55 (6) : 3 -10 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25806
对于牵引电机、双馈风力发电机等采用变频电源供电的电机,由于变频电源的共模电压作用,将通过电机的分布电容在轴承上流过共模电流[1-4];共模电流流过电机冲片时,会在电机冲片中产生相应的环形漏磁场,再加上电机本身的原因,如通风孔、扣片槽等造成的磁路不对称等,这些漏磁场和不对称磁场又会在转轴上产生感应电压,使电机的轴承上承受转轴循环漏电流;当轴承上所承受的电压超过轴承油膜的击穿电压后,轴承上将会产生EDM(electrical discharge machining)火花放电电流[5-8]。在以上这些电流的共同作用下,电机轴承被严重电蚀,大大缩短了电机轴承的运行寿命,有时轴承寿命甚至不到3个月。因此,亟需对轴承电蚀的成因、影响因素等方面进行深入建模分析,寻找减小轴承电蚀的有效措施。电机共模等效电路模型是分析电机轴承电蚀,尤其是轴电压、轴电流技术问题和实验现象的基础,其中集中等效模型是轴承电蚀关键指标—— 轴电压对共模电压的占比(bearing vol-tage ratio,BVR)的重要计算依据,可以在电机设计初期进行评估。集中等效模型的关键点是分布电容参数的确定。
以往的研究中对电机分布电容(有的文献称之为耦合电容)计算不够精确,影响因素考虑得不够全面。文献[9]对电机耦合电容解析计算公式进行了详细的推导,但是计算结果与测量结果相比并不令人满意。文献[10-11]已开始应用电磁场数值计算软件进行二维和三维电磁场计算,探讨电机耦合电容合理计算模型,但文献[10]仅对一个槽距范围进行了建模分析,而文献[11]虽然建立了二维、三维全模型,但比较简单,计算不够精确。文献[12]对分布电容参数的测定方法较复杂,不太适合在实际工程中应用。
本文为获得分布电容的精确仿真计算结果,首先对二维单槽和全模型进行仿真计算对比研究,然后考虑定子绕组端部和转子端环对电容参数的影响,建立三维电机模型进行仿真计算研究,通过对比研究,获得较精确的分布电容参数计算模型,最后以YQ190-14型牵引电机为例,进行分布电容参数实际测定,并对仿真计算结果和测试结果进行对比分析,验证了仿真计算结果的精确性。
集中等效模型的基本原理如图1所示。
电机N端与D端装有绝缘轴承,电机旋转形成稳定油膜后的集中分布电容等效电路如图2所示(未考虑齿轮箱影响)。图中,定子绕组和机壳间分布电容为Cwf,定子绕组和转子间电容为Cwr,转子和机壳间电容为Crf,D端绝缘轴承电容为Cb1,包括绝缘涂层电容Ciso,d和轴承油膜电容Cb,d,轴承N端绝缘轴承电容为Cb2,包括绝缘涂层电容Ciso,nd和轴承油膜电容Cb,nd
轴承分压比的解析公式为
$B V R=\left|\frac{\dot{U}_{\mathrm{b}}}{\dot{U}_{\mathrm{com}}}\right|=\frac{C^{\prime}}{C_{\mathrm{wf}}+\frac{C_{\mathrm{wr}} \cdot C^{\prime}}{C_{\mathrm{wr}}+C^{\prime}}}$
其中
$C^{\prime}=C_{\mathrm{rf}}+C_{\mathrm{iso}, \mathrm{~d}} / / C_{\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{~d}}+C_{\mathrm{iso}, \mathrm{nd}} / / C_{\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{nd}}$
式中: C '为电机集中参数等效电路模型中转子与机壳之间的等效电容(见图2);Ciso,d//Cb,dCiso,dCb,d并联后的总电容,即Cb1Ciso,nd//Cb,ndCiso,ndCb,nd并联后的总电容,即Cb2
Cb1Cb2Crf 相比,数值上小很多,可忽略。
在分析静电场问题中,满足的基本方程是泊松方程,在求解过程中,将定子铁心及机壳视为参考电极。在电容矩阵中,定子电压Uw、转子电压Ur 及其所带电荷量QwQr与电容之间的关系如下:
$\left[\begin{array}{c} Q_{\mathrm{w}} \\ Q_{\mathrm{r}} \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} C_{\mathrm{wf}}+C_{\mathrm{wr}} & -C_{\mathrm{wr}} \\ -C_{\mathrm{wr}} & C_{\mathrm{rf}}+C_{\mathrm{wr}} \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c} U_{\mathrm{w}} \\ U_{\mathrm{r}} \end{array}\right]$
考虑到仿真计算的准确性,根据电机绝缘材料结构,制作相关试样。线圈试样外包绝缘材料为云母带、聚酰亚胺薄膜和无碱玻璃丝带,按照电机绝缘规范缠绕制作。线圈试样外包好绝缘后进行浸漆,浸漆为 Wacker 硅有机漆。按照电机定子浸漆流程浸漆烘干后的试样检测各绝缘结构介电常数,结果如表1所示,其中轴承润滑脂150 ℃介电常数从资料中查询。
以定子一个槽距为计算范围,建立电机的单槽分析模型,分别建立不考虑转子槽的光滑转子模型、考虑转子槽的开槽转子模型和全电机三维模型,并进行对比分析,模型如图3所示,电容计算结果及误差如表2所示。
表中误差是以全电机三维模型为基准,计算光滑转子模型与开槽转子模型的相对误差。分析表2计算数据,得到如下结论:无论开槽与不开槽,二维单槽模型计算所得的 CwrCrf计算误差都较大,为准确计算,应当采用全电机三维模型进行分析。
为考察转子在不同位置对计算电机杂散电容的影响,固定电机定子部分,将定子槽中心线放在y轴上,转子槽分别在如图4所示位置进行建模。模型1:转子槽正对定子槽;模型2:转子槽相对定子槽逆时针偏转1.5°;模型3:转子槽相对定子槽逆时针偏转3°;模型4:转子槽相对定子槽逆时针偏转4.5°。
在上述4个模型下分别计算。为考察各种情况的差异,选取模型1,即转子槽正对定子槽为基准,计算其他模型结果的相对误差,电容计算结果和误差如表3所示。
分析表3中的计算数据,可以看到:转子在不同位置下杂散电容 Cwf的计算误差小于百万分之一,Cwr的计算误差小于 0.01%,Crf的计算误差最大为0.024%,差别都非常小。这是因为在全电机模型中,已经综合考虑了定转子齿槽的各种相对位置。综上,转子在不同位置下电容的计算结果是非常接近的,后续分析不再考虑定转子不同位置影响。
实际生产的电机,其绕组是由多根相互之间绝缘的导体构成,在三维建模中,如果对导体每根单独建模的话,工作量比较大,仿真分析时间长,对电脑性能要求比较高,所以需要考虑绕组导体间绝缘对耦合电容的影响。图5为二维全模型电机不考虑绕组导体间的绝缘和考虑绕组导体间绝缘的仿真模型。
表4为两种模型仿真计算分布电容对比结果。表中误差是以考虑绕组导体间绝缘的仿真计算结果为基准,计算不考虑绕组导体间绝缘时的相对误差。
分析表4计算数据,可以看到:1)对于定子绕组和机壳间的耦合电容Cwf,不考虑绕组导体间绝缘计算的电容值比考虑绕组导体间绝缘的大13.08%,误差较大;2)定子绕组和转子间耦合电容 Cwr、转子和机壳间耦合电容Crf对绕组导体间绝缘不敏感。
根据以上两个结论,后续为保证定子绕组和机壳分布电容Cwf计算准确性,在三维仿真建模中需要考虑绕组导体间的绝缘。
由于电机定子与两端端盖相连,端盖和转轴之间装有轴承,轴承外圈和端盖间有一层绝缘层,而电机静止时,电机轴承内外圈间没有形成油膜,是金属连接。因此,对电机机壳和转子间的耦合电容Crf的计算应该考虑电机两端轴承及油封间隙的影响。以下分别对电机的3种耦合电容进行三维有限元仿真分析。
根据电机结构参数和实测绝缘材料介电常数,建立三维电机仿真模型,该模型考虑电机绕组端部和绕组导体间绝缘的影响,三维仿真模型和仿真计算结果如图6所示。
根据图6b仿真结果可求得电机绕组与机壳间的耦合电容 Cwf=7.695 5×2=15.391 nF;绕组与转子间的耦合电容Cwr=0.104 06×2=0.208 12 nF;未考虑两端端盖时电机机壳与转子间的耦合电容Crf=0.344 54×2=0.689 08 nF。
在电机原有模型的基础上,对轴承油封结构进行精准建模,考虑轴承油封结构后的电机模型及其仿真计算结果如图7所示。
根据图7b仿真计算结果,可以求得电机绕组与转子间的耦合电容Cwr=0.123 15×2=0.246 nF,绕组与机壳间的耦合电容 Cwf=17.67 nF,未考虑两端轴承油封间隙电容时电机机壳与转子间的耦合电容Crf=2.57 nF。需要说明的是,图7b中仅展示了Cwr的仿真结果。
根据电机分布参数测试结果,对测试电机绕组与机壳、绕组与转子以及转子与机壳间的耦合参数进行分析,可求出电机静止状态下电机各部分的耦合电容参数。二维和三维有限元仿真分析值及实测值如表5所示。表中误差是以实测值为基准,计算二维模型、三维模型的相对误差。
分析表5中的计算数据,结论如下:
1)从二维有限元仿真分析结果看:①Cwf 与三维仿真结果误差为16.69%、与实测值误差为11.2%,误差相差较大;Cwr与三维仿真结果误差为66.2%,与实测值误差为66.7%,说明计算 CwfCwr必须考虑电机绕组端部影响;②电机转子与机壳间耦合电容Crf 与三维仿真结果误差达到74.4%,与实测值误差达到73.8%,主要影响因素为电机两端轴承座。因此,必须采取三维建模进行仿真分析。
2)从三维有限元仿真分析结果看:①电机绕组与机壳间耦合电容Cwf值与实测值误差为8.08%,主要原因可能是带绕组定子铁心冲片冲压及铁心叠压工艺、浸漆过程中槽隙油漆有气泡、在仿真过程中无法考虑端部绕组绝缘等;② 电机绕组与转子间耦合电容Cwr与实测值误差为1.53%,相比二维,精度已经大大提高,三维仿真模型与实测值误差可能是由三维仿真建模中无法考虑端部绕组绝缘层以及三维仿真模型的建立和绕组端部嵌线尺寸无法做到一致等原因造成;③电机转子与机壳间耦合电容Crf 与实测值误差为1.98%,相比二维,精度大大提高,存在误差可能是因为电机两端轴承座结构比较复杂,在三维仿真建模中简化电机两端轴承座结构以及无法考虑电机轴承室润滑脂对计算结果的影响。
从上述对比分析可见,三维仿真结果与实测值差别很小,对电机设计过程中从结构上改变变频器输入的共模电压在轴承上的电压分配比具有指导意义。但必须明确指出,由于计算机资源限制,在三维仿真中,电机结构复杂但对参数影响不大的部分采取了简化建模,对仿真计算结果会有一定的影响,但整体来说,误差较小,结果准确度还是较高的。
通过对YQ190-14型牵引电机分布电容的实际测试,与有限元仿真分析结果进行对比,验证仿真分析的准确性。
异步电机3个等效电极(定子绕组、机壳、转子)间两两存在的集中分布电容无法直接测量,可以直接测量到的是电机端口电容,集中分布电容可以根据端口电容的等效电路图推算出来。
电机运行时,轴承滚道和滚动体间的油膜将电机转轴与轴承外壳分离开,形成等效电容Cb。电机静止时,轴承滚道与滚动体有金属性接触,因此便不存在电容Cb
牵引电机端口电容测量简化电路如图8所示,可分别测量电机两两端口间的电容。测量各相定子绕组与定子机壳间电容,取平均值C1,同理,得到各相定子绕组与转子间电容平均值C2,转子与定子机壳间电容平均值C3Ciso,dCiso,ndCrf并联,得到 C r f '
$C_{\mathrm{rf}}^{\prime}=C_{\mathrm{rf}}+C_{\mathrm{iso}, \mathrm{~d}}+C_{\mathrm{iso}, \mathrm{nd}}$
图8可以得出上述端口电容与电机杂散电容的关系如下:
$C_{1}=C_{\mathrm{wf}}+\frac{C_{\mathrm{wr}} \cdot C_{\mathrm{rf}}^{\prime}}{C_{\mathrm{wr}}+C_{\mathrm{rf}}^{\prime}}$
$C_{2}=C_{\mathrm{wr}}+\frac{C_{\mathrm{wf}} \cdot C_{\mathrm{rf}}^{\prime}}{C_{\mathrm{wf}}+C_{\mathrm{rf}}^{\prime}}$
$C_{3}=C_{\mathrm{rf}}^{\prime}+\frac{C_{\mathrm{wr}} \cdot C_{\mathrm{wf}}}{C_{\mathrm{wr}}+C_{\mathrm{wf}}}$
联立式(5)~式(7),可得电机集中分布电容参数:
$C_{\mathrm{wf}}=\frac{2 C_{1} C_{2} C_{3}\left(C_{2} C_{3}-C_{1} C_{2}-C_{1} C_{3}\right)}{C_{1}^{2} C_{2}^{2}-2 C_{1}^{2} C_{2} C_{3}+C_{1}^{2} C_{3}^{2}-2 C_{1} C_{2}^{2} C_{3}-2 C_{1} C_{2} C_{3}^{2}+C_{2}^{2} C_{3}^{2}}$
$C_{\mathrm{wr}}=\frac{2 C_{1} C_{2} C_{3}\left(C_{1} C_{3}-C_{1} C_{2}-C_{2} C_{3}\right)}{C_{1}^{2} C_{2}^{2}-2 C_{1}^{2} C_{2} C_{3}+C_{1}^{2} C_{3}^{2}-2 C_{1} C_{2}^{2} C_{3}-2 C_{1} C_{2} C_{3}^{2}+C_{2}^{2} C_{3}^{2}}$
$C_{\mathrm{rf}}^{\prime}=\frac{2 C_{1} C_{2} C_{3}\left(C_{1} C_{2}-C_{1} C_{3}-C_{2} C_{3}\right)}{C_{1}^{2} C_{2}^{2}-2 C_{1}^{2} C_{2} C_{3}+C_{1}^{2} C_{3}^{2}-2 C_{1} C_{2}^{2} C_{3}-2 C_{1} C_{2} C_{3}^{2}+C_{2}^{2} C_{3}^{2}}$
采用 LCR表分别在 100 Hz,1 kHz,10 kHz,100 kHz这4个档位测试各端口电容和电阻数值。
异步牵引电机使用的轴承为绝缘滚动轴承,集中分布电容测试采用整机测试。三相绕组不短接时和短接时,电机端口电容、电阻测试数据如表6所示。
LCR表需要在多个频率下测试每个端口的电阻值和电容值,并求出阻抗角,找到阻抗角最接近-90°对应的端口分布电容。
电机内部分布电容参数的提取方法是基于容性网络的电路模型,因此,需要确定端口网络的阻抗角。整机测试时,三相绕组不短接时的端口阻抗角如表7所示,三相绕组短接时的端口阻抗角如表8所示。计算所得的阻抗角都为负值,为使表格清晰,将负号去掉。
分析表7表8的计算数据,结论如下:
1)无论整机三相绕组短接与否,定子三相绕组与机壳间阻抗角、定子三相绕组与转子间阻抗角,在100 kHz下偏离90°较远;在1 kHz和10 kHz下阻抗角接近90°。
2)在高频100 kHz下测试时,各端口网络的阻抗角都不稳定,波动幅度比较大。究其原因,在频率100 kHz时,共模阻抗接近第一个串联谐振点,端口网络不再呈现接近纯容性网络。
通过以上数据分析可知,当测试频率在1 kHz,10 kHz时,端口网络阻抗角接近90°;测试频率在100 kHz时,端口网络阻抗角偏离90°。考虑到变频器实际开关频率范围达不到100 kHz,而在1~10 kHz之间,因此,集中分布电容的测试将采用1 kHz,10 kHz时的测量数据进行计算提取。
依据上述分布电容计算原理,可以获得电机定子绕组和定子铁心间分布电容Cwf,定子绕组和转子铁心间分布电容Cwr,转子铁心和定子铁心间分布电容Crf,如表9所示。同时,给出在1 kHz,10 kHz下,三相绕组短接与不短接时的计算结果和相应的误差,该误差是以三相短接时的参数为基准,计算不短接时的相对误差。
分析表9的计算数据,结论如下:
1)1 kHz下,定子三相绕组短接与不短接时,对CwfCwr以及Crf影响不大,误差小于1%;10 kHz下,定子三相绕组短接和不短接时,Crf的误差小于1%,CwfCrf的误差分别为5.6%和4.4%;
2)在1 kHz三相绕组短接和不短接时的测试误差要小于10 kHz下两种接法的测试误差。此外,根据LCR表推荐的测试频率,在被测对象电容在400 pF~1 μF之间时,推荐测试频率为1 kHz;
3)从原理上说可以采用三相绕组短接也可以采用不短接测试,但由于短接时综合考虑了各相的不平衡情况,且从变频器电机系统的共模等效电路来看,可以认为三相并联处于共模电压作用下,所以三相绕组短接(即并联)情况下的测量结果更符合共模等效回路的情形。
综合以上因素,建议选用1 kHz频率下三相短接时的测试结果。
基于以上分析,YQ190-14型电机分布电容结果如所示,这是基于整机、三相绕组短接、1 kHz下的测试数据推算获得的。
本文通过对二维单槽和全模型电机进行仿真计算研究;考虑定子绕组端部和转子端环对杂散电容的影响,对三维电机模型进行仿真计算研究;以YQ190-14型电机为例,进行参数测定,对仿真计算结果和测试结果进行对比分析,得出以下适合实际工程应用的集中等效模型分布电容参数仿真计算及建模要点:
1)仿真计算要点:①集中模型3个主要分布电容CwfCwrCrf通过三维全模型有限元仿真计算能确保仿真精度,二维有限元计算受电机绕组端部及轴承座的影响误差较大,不建议采用;②CwrCrf对绕组导体间绝缘材料参数不敏感,但Cwf受绝缘材料参数影响较大,故在确定Cwf参数时,需要考虑绝缘材料。
2)实测要点:①集中分布电容建议采用三相绕组短接、1 kHz测试频率下进行,误差最小,可通过LRC表进行测量获取;②整机测试得到Cwf与拆解电机后得到的结果误差可以忽略不计,可以采用整机测试来测定并计算电机集中分布电容,不需要进行电机拆解。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4202800)
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2025年第55卷第6期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25806
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2025-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
  • 修回日期:2024-06-26
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4202800)
作者信息
    1 湖南铁道职业技术学院 轨道交通机车车辆学院,湖南 株洲 412001
    2 江苏中车电机有限公司,江苏 盐城 224100

通讯作者:

王建良(1975—),男,博士,教授级高工,主要研究方向为风力发电机研发设计,Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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