Article(id=1190337956641604132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190337956201202212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25926, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715270400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-10, revisedDate=1716307200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761728284273, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1755619200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761728284273, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761728284273, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761728284273, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190337956201202212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2025', volume='55', issue='8', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1761728284168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761728464442, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190338712388079738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190337956201202212, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190338712388079739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190337956201202212, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=17, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190337956863902246, articleId=1190337956641604132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Dual-model Parameter Identification of Asynchronous Motor Based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem of parameter estimation in the high-performance control of squirrel cage asynchronous motor,a method for joint parameter identification of asynchronous motors with dual models based on improved whale algorithm was proposed. This method can effectively identify the stator resistance,the rotor resistance,mutual inductance and leakage inductance. In order to improve the identification accuracy of the algorithm,the nonlinear convergence factor was adopted,and the ideas of chaotic reverse learning,simulated annealing and adaptive mutation perturbation were integrated to overcome the shortcomings of the whale algorithm,which relied on the initial population,was easy to fall into local optimum,and had low convergence accuracy. Moreover,combining the advantages of the two traditional motor models,an improved dual-model joint identification was proposed,which further improves the accuracy of parameter identification. Based on this model,the improved whale algorithm was compared with the other two algorithms for motor parameter identification,and the experimental results show that the improved algorithm has high recognition accuracy,which proves the feasibility of applying the algorithm to identify the parameters of the squirrel cage asynchronous motor,and is of great significance for improving the control performance of the squirrel cage asynchronous motor.

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针对鼠笼式异步电机高性能控制中参数估计的难题,提出了一种基于改进鲸鱼算法的异步电机双模型联合参数辨识的方法。该方法能够有效辨识定转子电阻、互感与漏感。为提升算法辨识精度,采用非线性收敛因子,并融合混沌反向学习、模拟退火及自适应变异扰动的思想来克服鲸鱼算法依赖初始种群、易陷入局部最优、收敛精度低的不足。此外结合两种传统电机模型的优势,提出改进双模型联合辨识,进一步提高了参数辨识的准确性。以此模型为基础,将改进鲸鱼算法与其它2种算法进行电机参数辨识的对比实验,实验结果表明该改进算法具有较高的辨识精度,证明应用该算法辨识鼠笼式异步电机参数的可行性,对提升鼠笼式异步电机控制性能具有重要意义。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
印江(1967—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为自动控制系统,Email:
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秦常丰(1999—),男,硕士,主要研究方向为异步电机控制及参数辨识,Email:

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Motor-related parameters and identification range

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参数名称 参数值 辨识范围
定子电阻 R s 0.435 0.1~0.8
转子电阻 R r 0.816 0.1~1.2
漏感 L σ/mH 2 0.1~5
定转子互感 L m/H 69 10~110
转动惯量/(kg·m2 0.019 /
摩擦系数/(N·m·s) 0.005 752 /
极对数 2 /
), ArticleFig(id=1190338156152062615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190337956641604132, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电机相关参数与辨识范围

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参数名称 参数值 辨识范围
定子电阻 R s 0.435 0.1~0.8
转子电阻 R r 0.816 0.1~1.2
漏感 L σ/mH 2 0.1~5
定转子互感 L m/H 69 10~110
转动惯量/(kg·m2 0.019 /
摩擦系数/(N·m·s) 0.005 752 /
极对数 2 /
), ArticleFig(id=1190338156214977176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190337956641604132, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of the identification results of the two models

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参数 R s / Ω R r / Ω L m / m H L σ / m H
真值 0.435 0.816 69 2
平均值 TS 0.431 550 0.818 915 68.590 62 2.006 045
ID 0.435 294 0.816 363 68.865 03 2.002 195
最好值 TS 0.437 702 0.814 300 68.402 65 1.997 541
ID 0.434 532 0.815 980 68.990 73 2.000 049
最差值 TS 0.402 368 0.841 988 68.246 57 2.014 828
ID 0.431 426 0.818 781 68.544 91 2.005 235
方差 TS 0.125 35 3.12e-5 2.67e-4 1.76e-4
ID 0.071 54 3.95e-6 4.88e-6 1.86e-6
), ArticleFig(id=1190338156273697433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190337956641604132, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两种模型辨识结果比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 R s / Ω R r / Ω L m / m H L σ / m H
真值 0.435 0.816 69 2
平均值 TS 0.431 550 0.818 915 68.590 62 2.006 045
ID 0.435 294 0.816 363 68.865 03 2.002 195
最好值 TS 0.437 702 0.814 300 68.402 65 1.997 541
ID 0.434 532 0.815 980 68.990 73 2.000 049
最差值 TS 0.402 368 0.841 988 68.246 57 2.014 828
ID 0.431 426 0.818 781 68.544 91 2.005 235
方差 TS 0.125 35 3.12e-5 2.67e-4 1.76e-4
ID 0.071 54 3.95e-6 4.88e-6 1.86e-6
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基于改进鲸鱼算法的异步电机双模型参数辨识
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秦常丰 , 印江 , 宋仕杰
电气传动 | 电气传动及其控制 2025,55(8): 17-24
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电气传动 | 电气传动及其控制 2025, 55(8): 17-24
基于改进鲸鱼算法的异步电机双模型参数辨识
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秦常丰 , 印江 , 宋仕杰
作者信息
  • 山西大学 电力与建筑学院,山西 太原 030031
  • 秦常丰(1999—),男,硕士,主要研究方向为异步电机控制及参数辨识,Email:

通讯作者:

印江(1967—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为自动控制系统,Email:
Dual-model Parameter Identification of Asynchronous Motor Based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm
Changfeng QIN , Jiang YIN , Shijie SONG
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Electrical Power and Architecture,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China
出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25926
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针对鼠笼式异步电机高性能控制中参数估计的难题,提出了一种基于改进鲸鱼算法的异步电机双模型联合参数辨识的方法。该方法能够有效辨识定转子电阻、互感与漏感。为提升算法辨识精度,采用非线性收敛因子,并融合混沌反向学习、模拟退火及自适应变异扰动的思想来克服鲸鱼算法依赖初始种群、易陷入局部最优、收敛精度低的不足。此外结合两种传统电机模型的优势,提出改进双模型联合辨识,进一步提高了参数辨识的准确性。以此模型为基础,将改进鲸鱼算法与其它2种算法进行电机参数辨识的对比实验,实验结果表明该改进算法具有较高的辨识精度,证明应用该算法辨识鼠笼式异步电机参数的可行性,对提升鼠笼式异步电机控制性能具有重要意义。

鼠笼式  /  异步电机  /  改进双模型  /  改进鲸鱼优化算法  /  参数辨识

In order to solve the problem of parameter estimation in the high-performance control of squirrel cage asynchronous motor,a method for joint parameter identification of asynchronous motors with dual models based on improved whale algorithm was proposed. This method can effectively identify the stator resistance,the rotor resistance,mutual inductance and leakage inductance. In order to improve the identification accuracy of the algorithm,the nonlinear convergence factor was adopted,and the ideas of chaotic reverse learning,simulated annealing and adaptive mutation perturbation were integrated to overcome the shortcomings of the whale algorithm,which relied on the initial population,was easy to fall into local optimum,and had low convergence accuracy. Moreover,combining the advantages of the two traditional motor models,an improved dual-model joint identification was proposed,which further improves the accuracy of parameter identification. Based on this model,the improved whale algorithm was compared with the other two algorithms for motor parameter identification,and the experimental results show that the improved algorithm has high recognition accuracy,which proves the feasibility of applying the algorithm to identify the parameters of the squirrel cage asynchronous motor,and is of great significance for improving the control performance of the squirrel cage asynchronous motor.

squirrel cage  /  asynchronous motor  /  improved dual-model  /  improved whale optimization algorithm(WOA)  /  parameter identification
秦常丰, 印江, 宋仕杰. 基于改进鲸鱼算法的异步电机双模型参数辨识. 电气传动, 2025 , 55 (8) : 17 -24 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25926
Changfeng QIN, Jiang YIN, Shijie SONG. Dual-model Parameter Identification of Asynchronous Motor Based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm[J]. Electric Drive, 2025 , 55 (8) : 17 -24 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25926
异步电机因其耐用性强且与永磁同步电机相比异步电机的成本更低、性能更强,所以有着广泛应用[1-2]。近几十年,矢量控制技术的问世和有效应用,使感应电机在动态响应方面达到了与直流电机相当的水平,这为异步电机在调速系统领域的广泛应用提供了强有力的支撑和保障。但是矢量控制对于异步电机的参数有着较高的要求,特别是在高性能控制系统中。而在实际应用中由于不同的异步电机的参数也并不完全一致,且在运行过程中其参数也可能发生变化,使用不准确的电机参数将会导致驱动性能显著下降,严重影响到整个系统的运行稳定性与效率。因此,精确辨识异步电机参数成为构建高性能控制系统的关键,为系统优化设计和稳定运行提供有力支持。
对此,国内外学者对电机参数辨识做了大量的研究。文献[3]采用遗忘因子递归最小二乘法来识别电机参数,该方法计算量小,结构简单,但是面对转速波动时其辨识效果较差。文献[4]将扩展卡尔曼滤波应用到电机的参数辨识中,该方法能够克服辨识过程中的噪声污染,但在辨识过程中需要迭代地计算状态估计值和协方差矩阵,其计算复杂度很高。文献[5]将模型参考自适应应用于电机参数辨识中,实现了对电机部分参数的精确辨识,但该方法在同时辨识多个电机参数时,由于参数之间的相互影响和耦合关系,辨识过程可能会变得复杂且困难。此外,大量元启发式算法的出现也为异步电机参数辨识提供了新的方法,如鲸鱼算法、苍狼算法、粒子群算法、萤火虫算法等。文献[6]提出一种具有麻雀群预警机制的粒子群算法,利用麻雀群搜索算法中的随机预警机制对粒子群原始算法搜索过程中进行随机扰动,避免了粒子群算法出现早熟,提高了参数辨识精度。文献[7]提出一种基于禁忌混沌萤火虫算法的异步电机参数辨识方法,改善了原算法收敛精度低、易于陷入局部最优的问题。文献[8]利用苍狼算法对鼠笼式异步电机进行参数辨识,并对辨识模型提出了改进,极大地提高了对于定子电阻的辨识效果。
鲸鱼算法作为一种较新的算法,其因结构简单、需调整参数少等优点,被逐步应用到电机参数辨识领域。文献[9-10]中将鲸鱼算法应用于直流电机于永磁同步电机参数辨识中,并与其他算法进行对比,证明了鲸鱼算法的优越性。但异步电机模型更加复杂,所辨识参数相比直流电机和同步电机来说参数更多,无法满足对于异步电机参数辨识的要求。因此针对鲸鱼算法依赖初始种群、收敛精度低、易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出一种新的收敛因子公式并融入混沌反向学习、模拟退火操作及自适应变异扰动的思想来加以改进,并将其应用于异步电机参数辨识中。此外,在异步电机参数辨识中,通常都是选取一种数学模型进行辨识,这虽然对一部分参数辨识很准确,但是对另一部分参数辨识效果并不是很好。为此,本文提出一种改进双模型联合辨识的方法。最后,通过仿真实验将改进双模型联合辨识与传统单模型辨识进行比较,验证其优越性,并将改进鲸鱼算法与鲸鱼算法和苍狼算法进行比较,验证其辨识效果。
异步电机主要分为鼠笼式与绕线式两种,本文研究对象为鼠笼式异步电机。鼠笼式异步电机因其复杂的动态特性和高度耦合的三相原始模型,使得直接的分析和求解变得异常困难。因此,为了简化研究过程,学者们常常选择在两相同步旋转坐标系或两相静止坐标系下对感应电机进行分析和建模。大部分的辨识是以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量的模型进行的,而本文提出的改进双模型联合辨识法是将 i s - Ψ r为状态变量和以 i s - Ψ s为状态变量的两种模型结合起来,首先以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量的经典模型进行初步辨识,然后以 i s - Ψ s为状态变量的模型对电阻进行进一步辨识,最后在以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量的模型对电感进行进一步辨识。
α - β坐标系下,以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量的数学模型为
d i s α 1 d t = - R s L r 2 + R r L m 2 σ L s L r 2 i s α 1 + L m σ L s L r T r Ψ r α + L m σ L s L r ω Ψ r β + 1 σ L s u s α d i s β 1 d t = - R s L r 2 + R r L m 2 σ L s L r 2 i s β 1 + L m σ L s L r T r Ψ r β - L m σ L s L r ω Ψ r β + 1 σ L s u s β d Ψ r α d t = L m T r i s α 1 - 1 T r Ψ r α - ω Ψ r β d Ψ r β d t = L m T r i s β 1 - 1 T r Ψ r β + ω Ψ r α
式中: T r为转子时间常数, T r = L r / R r σ为漏感系数, σ = 1 - L m 2 / L s L r R s为电机的定子电阻; R r为电机的转子电阻; L s为电机的定子电感; L r为电机的转子电感; L m为电机的互感; ω为电机转子角速度; u s α , i s α 1 , i s α 2 , Ψ s α , Ψ r α分别为在 α轴上的定子电压、定子电流、定子磁链和转子磁链; u s β , i s β 1 , i s β 2 , Ψ s β , Ψ r β分别为在β轴上的定子电压、定子电流、定子磁链和转子磁链。
α - β坐标系下,以 i s - Ψ s为状态变量的数学模型为
d i s α 2 d t = - R s L r + R r L s σ L s L r i s α 2 - ω i s β 2 + 1 σ L s T r Ψ s α + 1 σ L s ω Ψ s β + 1 σ L s u s α d i s β 2 d t = - R s L r + R r L s σ L s L r i s β 2 + ω i s α 2 + 1 σ L s T r Ψ s β - 1 σ L s ω Ψ s α + 1 σ L s u s β d Ψ r α d t = - R s i s α 2 + u s α d Ψ r β d t = - R s i s β 2 + u s β
α - β坐标系中,鼠笼式异步电机定、转子等效两相绕组自感 L s L r分别为[11]
L s = 1.5 L m s + L l s = L m + L l s L r = 1.5 L m s + L l r = L m + L l r
式中: L m s为鼠笼式异步电机三相绕组中任意两相最大互感; L l s L l r分为定转子各相漏磁通所对应电感。
在鼠笼式异步电机运行过程中一般认为 L l s = L l r = L σ,因此可以认为 L s = L r = L。其中 R s , R r , L m , L σ为需要辨识的参数。
接着对式(1)、式(2)进行离散化处理,可得:
i s α 1 ( k + 1 ) = i s α 1 ( k ) + T s [ - a 11 i s α 1 ( k ) + a 12 Ψ r α ( k ) +     a 13 ω ( k ) Ψ r β ( k ) + a 14 u s α ( k ) ] i s β 1 ( k + 1 ) = i s β 1 ( k ) + T s [ - a 11 i s β 1 ( k ) + a 12 Ψ r β ( k ) -     a 13 ω ( k ) Ψ r α ( k ) + a 14 u s β ( k ) ] Ψ r α ( k + 1 ) = Ψ r α ( k ) + T s [ a 21 i s α 1 ( k ) -         a 22 Ψ r α ( k ) - ω ( k ) Ψ r β ( k ) ] Ψ r β ( k + 1 ) = Ψ r β ( k ) + T s [ a 21 i s β 1 ( k ) -         a 22 Ψ r β ( k ) + ω ( k ) Ψ r α ( k ) ]
i s α 2 ( k + 1 ) = i s α 2 ( k ) + T s - b 1 i s α 2 ( k ) + b 2 Ψ s α ( k ) +       b 3 [ ω ( k ) Ψ s β ( k ) + u s α ( k ) ] - ω ( k ) i s β 2 ( k ) } i s β 2 ( k + 1 ) = i s β 2 ( k ) + T s - b 1 i s β 2 ( k ) + b 2 Ψ s β ( k ) +       b 3 [ - ω ( k ) Ψ s α ( k ) + u s β ( k ) ] + ω ( k ) i s α 2 ( k ) } Ψ s α ( k + 1 ) = Ψ s α ( k ) + T s [ - R s i s α 2 ( k ) + u s α ( k ) ] Ψ s β ( k + 1 ) = Ψ s β ( k ) + T s [ - R s i s β 2 ( k ) + u s β ( k ) ]
其中
a 11 = R s L 2 + R r L m 2 σ L 3 a 12 = L m σ L 2 T r a 13 = L m σ L 2
a 14 = 1 σ L a 21 = L m T r a 22 = 1 T r
b 1 = R s + R r σ L b 2 = 1 σ L T r b 3 = 1 σ L
受到自然界中座头鲸群体狩猎行为的启发,Mirjalili和Lewis在2016年提出了鲸鱼优化算法(whale optimization algorithm,WOA)[12]。该算法整个过程包含搜索觅食、收缩包围和螺旋更新位置三个阶段,其数学定义分别为
X ( t + 1 ) = X r a n d ( t ) - A C X r a n d ( t ) - X ( t ) X ( t + 1 ) = X b e s t ( t ) - A C X b e s t ( t ) - X ( t ) X ( t + 1 ) = X b e s t ( t ) - X ( t ) e b l c o s ( 2 π l ) + X b e s t ( t )
其中
A = 2 r a - a a = 2 ( 1 - t T ) C = 2 r
式中: t为当前的迭代次数; X r a n d ( t )为从当前鲸鱼群体中随机选取的一个鲸鱼个体位置向量; X b e s t ( t )为当前鲸鱼群体中目标函数值最优的鲸鱼个体位置向量; X ( t )为当前鲸鱼个体位置向量; l为在区间[-1,1]的随机值; T为最大迭代次数; r为区间[0,1]的随机值。
群体的算法的初始化影响其搜索性能。由于没有先验信息,WOA通常是由随机初始化产生的,这种策略在某种意义上是有用的。但是,鲸鱼个体在搜索域中的分布并不均匀,这可能会使鲸鱼远离全局最优解,使收敛到最优解的搜索时间更长,导致收敛速度较低。而混沌映射因其独特的随机性和高度灵敏性,为算法搜索过程提供了丰富的多样性和灵活性。目前研究中,混沌扰动方程如Logistic映射和Tent映射被广泛采用。而Tent混沌映射因其结构相对简洁,展现出了比Logistic混沌映射更优越的遍历均匀性和更高效的搜索速度[13]。同时,文献[14]中指出基于反向学习的种群初始化策略可以显著提升种群的初始质量和多样性,进而加快收敛速度。基于这两种初始化方法的优点,本文引入混沌映射和反向学习的理论来生成初始种群,以此优化算法的性能。此外,为了避免Tent映射在小循环周期和不动点上出现问题,在典型Tent映射的表达式中添加随机数,即
x i + 1 = 2 x i + r a n d 0,1 N   0 x 1 2 2 ( 1 - x i ) + r a n d 0,1 N 1 2 x 1
式中: N为序列内粒子的个数。
其次,利用该混沌序列 Z k j生成对应的初始种群 x i j
x i j = x m i n j + Z k j ( x m a x j - x m i n j )
然后,生成反向种群 x i j *
x i j * = x m i n j + x m a x j - x i j
最后,将初始种群中的个体与对应反向种群中的个体进行比较选取适应度高的个体组成初始化种群。通过此初始化策略,能够在较为均匀分布的种群中进一步得到优质解,从而加快收敛速度。
鲸鱼算法的全局勘探和局部开发都主要和 A相关,因此控制参数 a对于算法的收敛速度和搜索精度起着至关重要的作用。当 a较大时,算法具有较强的全局搜索能力,易于逃逸局部最优,但其局部开发能力弱,导致收敛速度下降。反之,如果 a较小,则其局部开发能力较强,收敛速度加快,但易于陷入局部最优。
而在传统的WOA算法中, a从2到0线性递减,在面对复杂的优化问题时,由于问题空间通常包含多个局部最优解,这会导致线性递减的策略可能会限制算法逃离局部最优解的能力,进而影响其全局搜索性能。因此本文重新提出一个非线性的收敛因子:
a = a 0 e - t a n 1.2 t T ) 2
1953年,Metropolis提出了模拟退火算法(simulated annealing,SA),该算法允许在特定概率下接受较差的解。这一特性不仅丰富了种群的多样性,还有助于算法在求解复杂问题时,更好地规避局部最优解,从而提高其全局搜索和优化能力。因此将SA的思想融入WOA算法中。将WOA算法得到的数据经过小幅度扰动后得到的新解,使用Metropolis函数[15]来判断是否接受新解,公式如下:
P = 1 Δ f 0 e - Δ f k T Δ f 0
其中 Δ f = f n e w - f
式中: f为未增加扰动时解的适应度函数值; f n e w为对当前解加入扰动后得到新解的适应度函数值; k为温度下降速率,本文设置为0.9。当 Δ f 0接受新的解,当 Δ f 0按照概率为 e x p ( - Δ f / k T )来判断是否接受此解。
此外,在迭代后期,鲸鱼个体往往倾向于向最优个体靠拢,但这种聚集现象会严重削弱种群的多样性。当最优个体只是局部最优解时,会导致整个算法提前收敛,陷入“早熟”状态。为了有效应对这一问题,本文引入自适应的变异扰动策略,以增强种群的多样性和算法的全局搜索能力。公式如下:
X b _ g a u s s i a n t = X b e s t t + X b e s t t G a u s s i a n 0,1 X b _ c a u c h y t = X b e s t t + X b e s t t C a u c h y 0,1 X b _ n e w t = t M a x i t e r X b _ g a u s s i a n t + ( 1 - t M a x i t e r ) X b _ c a u c h y t
式中:Gaussian为高斯变异;Cauchy为柯西变异。高斯变异可以提高在局部区域的搜索精度,进而提升整体的寻优效果和解的质量。而柯西变异有助于算法在探索解空间时避免过早地收敛于某个局部最优解。
根据式(13)可以发现,随着 t的变化,可以实现柯西变异和高斯变异权重的动态调整,从而使算法能够在全局搜索和局部搜索之间取得平衡,确保在求解过程中既能避免陷入局部最优,又能实现高质量的解。
通过自适应变异扰动产生新解,再凭借SA算法能够在特定条件下以一定的概率接纳次优解的独特机制,来跳出局部最优解,从而弥补WOA算法缺陷。
步骤1:设置改进鲸鱼算法的种群数和迭代数,并基于混沌反向学习对种群进行初始化。
步骤2:在设定的范围内初始化鲸鱼位置 X i ( i = 1,2 , , n ),根据式(7)、式(11)初始化 a A C
步骤3:根据 a A的值确定鲸鱼个体处于式(6)的哪个阶段;
步骤4:通过自适应变异产生新解并利用Metropolis准则来判断是否接受新解;
步骤5:计算个体适应度,并记录最优个体,迭代次数加1;
步骤6:若迭代次数达到最大值,则停止;否则返回步骤3继续执行。
对于已知模型但参数未知的辨识问题,通常将其转化为优化问题。核心思路是通过比较系统实际输出与可调模型输出的差异,目标函数逐步调整模型参数,以逼近真实系统参数。经过多次迭代优化,最终确定参数值[16],其原理如图1所示。
图1中的目标函数为
        F 1 ( R s , R r , L m , L σ ) = 1 N { [ i s α ( k ) - i s α 1 ( k ) ] 2 +                                                       [ i s β ( k ) - i s β 1 ( k ) ] 2 }
          F 2 ( R s , R r , L m , L σ ) = 1 N { [ i s α ( k ) - i s α 2 ( k ) ] 2 + [ i s β ( k ) - i s β 2 ( k ) ] 2 }
式中: F 1 F 2分别为以 i s - Ψ r和以 i s - Ψ s为状态变量时的目标函数; i s α , i s β为定子电流分量的测量值; i s α 1 , i s β 1为以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量模型的定子电流分量的计算值; i s α 2 , i s β 2为以 i s - Ψ s为状态变量模型的定子电流分量的计算值。
鼠笼式异步电机改进双模型联合参数辨识方法为:首先在以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量的经典模型下进行初步辨识,得到 R s R r L m L σ的初值;然后把辨识出的 L m L σ两个参数固定,再以 i s - Ψ s为状态变量的模型上辨识出更准确的 R s R r;最后将 R s R r固定,再次以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量的模型对 L m L σ进行进一步辨识。
改进双模型联合参数辨识方法将两种模型的优点结合在一起。在以 i s - Ψ r为状态变量的模型中, L m L参数比较小且处在分母的位置,其变化对适应度函数值影响比较大,所以用此模型对 L m L σ进行辨识。而在以 i s - Ψ s为状态变量的模型中, R s为定子电流的系数,处在不断迭代的差分方程中,其对目标函数的影响会比较大,所以用此模型对电机电阻进行辨识。此外使用改进双模型联合参数辨识的方法将原本四个的辨识参数分为两组分别进行辨识,可以增强算法的稳定性、简化模型复杂度,更加有利于参数辨识准确性的提高。
为了验证改进算法与双模型联合辨识方法的有效性,利用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,搭建鼠笼式异步电机参数辨识模型。在此系统中,鼠笼式异步电机采用间接矢量控制法,工作原理如图2所示。其中参数辨识模块的输入量分别为 u α u β i α i β ω。仿真所采用的电机待辨识参数的真实值与辨识范围如表1所示。
在改进鲸鱼算法中,算法的种群数为100,在传统单模型辨识中的最大迭代次数为110。而在改进双模型联合辨识中,初步辨识的迭代次数为10,后续每个模型的最大迭代次数为50,总计为110。将两种辨识方法分别用改进鲸鱼算法辨识5次,图3中为两种模型辨识效果的对比图。在表2中ID表示改进双模型,TS表示传统单模型。
通过仿真可以看出在改进双模型联合辨识中,鼠笼式异步电机的定子电阻 R s、转子电阻 R r、定转子互感 L m、定转子漏感 L σ与真实值的误差均控制在 ± 0.8 %内,相比于传统单模型辨识的误差均有比较明显的减小,特别是对于定、转子电阻。此外从表2中也可以看出,在多次辨识中改进双模型辨识结果的离散程度比传统单模型要小很多,充分体现了改进的双模型联合辨识的优势。
在改进双模型下,使用三种算法分别进行辨识,其种群数与迭代次数都与上面的模型对比中的改进双模型的参数相同。为避免实验的偶然误差,分别使用三种算法进行5次辨识。取整体辨识最好一次结果如图4所示。
仿真结果表明,在改进模型下,改进鲸鱼算法的辨识结果在三种算法中是最准确的, R s R r L m L σ辨识的误差分别为 0.05 % 0.01 % 0.09 % 0.04 %,其辨识效果远优于其他两种算法;而WOA的辨识效果整体来说也较好,但是其对定子电阻的辨识误差较大,达到了 1.7 %;GWO在三种算法中的辨识效果是最差的,其互感和定子电阻的误差分别高达 2.9 % 4.7 %
此外,由于图5仅仅是在转速 ω = 500   r / m i n ω = 1   000   r / m i n,转矩 T L分别为10 N·m,20 N·m四种工况下的辨识结果,为了不失一般性,在鼠笼式异步电机的不同工况下分别使用3种算法辨识5次,并取其平均值,其结果如图5所示。
图5可以看出,改进鲸鱼算法在鼠笼式异步电机运行在不同工况时都有良好的辨识效果,其各个参数的误差都控制在了 ± 0.01 %以内,非常接近真实值。由此可见,改进鲸鱼算法展现出强大的收敛性和鲁棒性,可适应异步电机不同工况,实现参数的精准辨识。
针对异步电机参数辨识的问题,结合异步电机两种模型的特点提出了一种改进的双模型联合辨识的方法,通过将改进的双模型与传统单模型进行对比,验证了改进双模型能够有效地提高参数辨识的准确性。同时,提出了一种改进鲸鱼算法应用于异步电机的参数辨识中。将改进鲸鱼算法与其它两种算法进行对比,验证了改进鲸鱼算法的性能,并证实其在鼠笼式异步电机不同工作条件下均展现出优异的收敛性和鲁棒性,具有较好的实用价值。
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25926
  • 接收时间:2024-05-10
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-10
  • 修回日期:2024-05-22
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    山西大学 电力与建筑学院,山西 太原 030031

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印江(1967—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为自动控制系统,Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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