Article(id=1190325457955422877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190325454285410397, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25634, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706544000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-30, revisedDate=1710172800000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761725304354, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761725304354, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761725304354, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725304354, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190325454285410397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2025', volume='55', issue='1', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761725303479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725303479, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=61, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190325458110612126, articleId=1190325457955422877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Edge Computing Oriented Real-valued Power Flow Algorithm for New Energy Station Areas, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The proportion of new energy sources connected to the station area is increasing day by day,which inevitably brings regulatory needs. Therefore,there is an urgent need for corresponding edge power flow algorithms. In order to give consideration to accuracy,practicality and efficiency under the situation of weak communication conditions and limited computing resources,a real-valued power flow algorithm for the edge computing of 400 V station area was proposed. Considering the resistive nature of the 400 V station area network and the high power factor of the equipment,the AC variables were simplified from vector sum to scalar sum;corresponding node transformation strategies and iterative algorithms were designed ;assignment strategies in the case of missing data was proposed;an online calculation strategy based on sensitivity correction or iterative calculation was further proposed. Through simulation analysis,the accuracy and practicality of the algorithm proposed were finally verified.

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供电台区接入的新能源电源比例日益提高,不可回避地带来了调控需求,因此亟需相适应的边缘潮流算法。为了在通信条件薄弱、计算资源有限的场景下,兼顾准确性、实用性、高效性,提出一种面向400 V供电台区边缘计算的实数化潮流算法。鉴于400 V台区网络呈阻性且设备功率因数较高的特点,将交流变量从向量和简化为标量和;设计了相应的节点转化策略与迭代算法;提出了数据缺失情况下的赋值策略;进一步提出了基于灵敏度修正或再次迭代计算的在线计算策略。通过仿真算例分析,最后验证了所提算法的准确性与实用性。

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冯源(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新型电力系统建模与分析,Email:
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陈谦(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为新型电力系统建模与分析,Email:

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陈谦(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为新型电力系统建模与分析,Email:

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陈谦(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为新型电力系统建模与分析,Email:

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Electric Power Construction, 2022, 43(11):14-23., articleTitle=Distribution network planning considering the flexibility of EV virtual power plants and high penetration of PV, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190325831630160235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, awardId=51837004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51837004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190325822931173664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325822935367969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, companyId=1190325822931173664, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Electrical and Power Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325822947950882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, companyId=1190325822931173664, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河海大学 电气与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 211100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190325823027642659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325823031836964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, companyId=1190325823027642659, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Grid Zhejiang Electric Vehicle Service Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325823040225573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, companyId=1190325823027642659, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 国网浙江电动汽车服务有限公司,浙江 杭州 310012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190325823111528742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325823124111656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, companyId=1190325823111528742, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd. Yancheng Power Supply Branch,Yancheng 224000,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325823136694568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, companyId=1190325823111528742, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司,江苏 盐城 224000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190325828249551181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Equivalent circuit of new energy station area, figureFileSmall=TLYzLiUeBx5wKZ7z0B2/6Q==, figureFileBig=MTW4Aa6+u9fdTj0T+dsT0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325828333437262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图1, caption=新能源台区等效电路, figureFileSmall=TLYzLiUeBx5wKZ7z0B2/6Q==, figureFileBig=MTW4Aa6+u9fdTj0T+dsT0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325828505403727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Simplified diagram of AC variables, figureFileSmall=dAXWpj0oVDbaocZfps3mDQ==, figureFileBig=rqhuiYk3dm+2fP1AoBkGBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325828576706896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图2, caption=交流变量简化示意图, figureFileSmall=dAXWpj0oVDbaocZfps3mDQ==, figureFileBig=rqhuiYk3dm+2fP1AoBkGBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325828635427153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Flow chart of power flow calculation method, figureFileSmall=mlIxdR8CnmImtQjMIe7eCw==, figureFileBig=NZnaC+xdXeYXUWUqf+5cow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325828702536018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图3, caption=潮流算法流程图, figureFileSmall=mlIxdR8CnmImtQjMIe7eCw==, figureFileBig=NZnaC+xdXeYXUWUqf+5cow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325828836753747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of current and power flowing on the circuit, figureFileSmall=RPSvY9nslPcNBh/KJff/XQ==, figureFileBig=UTyEWDHC0wxeJHS/EswcAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325828924834132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图4, caption=线路上流通的电流和功率示意图, figureFileSmall=RPSvY9nslPcNBh/KJff/XQ==, figureFileBig=UTyEWDHC0wxeJHS/EswcAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829029691733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correction strategy of edge computing based on sensitivity method, figureFileSmall=FDX7mwhLVRIvYiTbkBjAAw==, figureFileBig=oHxK4UdCzRHM78Wq1Tv4JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829130355030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于灵敏度法的边缘计算修正策略, figureFileSmall=FDX7mwhLVRIvYiTbkBjAAw==, figureFileBig=oHxK4UdCzRHM78Wq1Tv4JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829189075287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Schematic diagram of the 5-node system in the 400 V photovoltaic station area, figureFileSmall=0wcAJthObaZKxJK68Tcx3g==, figureFileBig=sSXCx7S+tdv/+lq9euBZdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829285544280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图6, caption=400 V光伏台区5节点系统示意图, figureFileSmall=0wcAJthObaZKxJK68Tcx3g==, figureFileBig=sSXCx7S+tdv/+lq9euBZdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829344264537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=400 V new energy distribution station area topology in a certain area, figureFileSmall=+0uRKQg1jVEyvyhROHjd6w==, figureFileBig=VLQP6HQe/Wack3z2E2UPXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829423956314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图7, caption=某400 V新能源配电台区拓扑, figureFileSmall=+0uRKQg1jVEyvyhROHjd6w==, figureFileBig=VLQP6HQe/Wack3z2E2UPXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829499453787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Power flow calculation results, figureFileSmall=9SEtJOjkTsf4LwdJJgAQtQ==, figureFileBig=V01+LqhWTahaFdWQzpXzQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829562368348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=图8, caption=潮流计算结果, figureFileSmall=9SEtJOjkTsf4LwdJJgAQtQ==, figureFileBig=V01+LqhWTahaFdWQzpXzQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325829629477213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Bus parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
母线编号 母线类型 有功负荷/kW 无功负荷/kvar 电压幅值
1 平衡 100 0.1 1
2 PV 0 0 1
3 PV 0 0 1
4 PQ 95 0.095 1
5 PV 80 0.08 1
), ArticleFig(id=1190325829721751902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

母线参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
母线编号 母线类型 有功负荷/kW 无功负荷/kvar 电压幅值
1 平衡 100 0.1 1
2 PV 0 0 1
3 PV 0 0 1
4 PQ 95 0.095 1
5 PV 80 0.08 1
), ArticleFig(id=1190325829801443679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Photovoltaic parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光伏母线编号 有功出力/kW 无功出力/kvar
2 95 0
3 50 0
3 55 0
5 185 0
), ArticleFig(id=1190325829860163936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

光伏参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光伏母线编号 有功出力/kW 无功出力/kvar
2 95 0
3 50 0
3 55 0
5 185 0
), ArticleFig(id=1190325829952438625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Line parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首端母线编号 末端母线编号 电阻 电抗 对地导纳
1 2 0.010 0.000 010 0
1 4 0.008 0.000 008 0
1 5 0.012 0.000 012 0
2 3 0.010 0.000 010 0
3 4 0.008 0.000 008 0
4 5 0.012 0.000 012 0
), ArticleFig(id=1190325830019547490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

线路参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首端母线编号 末端母线编号 电阻 电抗 对地导纳
1 2 0.010 0.000 010 0
1 4 0.008 0.000 008 0
1 5 0.012 0.000 012 0
2 3 0.010 0.000 010 0
3 4 0.008 0.000 008 0
4 5 0.012 0.000 012 0
), ArticleFig(id=1190325830954877283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

All node voltage and power values

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
母线编号 电压值/kV 功率值/MW
1 0.400 0 0.176 2
2 0.400 0 0.095 0
3 0.400 0 0.105 0
4 0.401 2 -0.095 1
5 0.400 0 0.104 9
), ArticleFig(id=1190325831038763364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

全部节点电压和功率值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
母线编号 电压值/kV 功率值/MW
1 0.400 0 0.176 2
2 0.400 0 0.095 0
3 0.400 0 0.105 0
4 0.401 2 -0.095 1
5 0.400 0 0.104 9
), ArticleFig(id=1190325831126843749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of voltage calculation results kV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
母线编号 本文潮流算法 牛顿-拉夫逊法 次梯度法
1 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
2 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
3 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
4 0.401 2 0.398 0 0.398 2
5 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
), ArticleFig(id=1190325831193952614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

电压计算结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
母线编号 本文潮流算法 牛顿-拉夫逊法 次梯度法
1 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
2 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
3 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
4 0.401 2 0.398 0 0.398 2
5 0.400 0 0.400 0 0.400 0
), ArticleFig(id=1190325831298810215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comparison of power calculation results MW

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
母线编号 本文潮流算法 牛顿-拉夫逊法 次梯度法
1 0.176 2 0.18 0.18
2 0.095 0 0.10 0.10
3 0.105 0 0.11 0.11
4 -0.095 1 -0.10 -0.10
5 0.104 9 0.10 0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1190325831382696296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

功率计算结果对比

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母线编号 本文潮流算法 牛顿-拉夫逊法 次梯度法
1 0.176 2 0.18 0.18
2 0.095 0 0.10 0.10
3 0.105 0 0.11 0.11
4 -0.095 1 -0.10 -0.10
5 0.104 9 0.10 0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1190325831445610857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Comparison of voltage values U1 and U2

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母线编号 U1 U2
2 0.965 0 0.965 6
5 0.934 5 0.935 4
8 0.921 0 0.922 1
11 0.926 0 0.927 4
15 0.913 2 0.914 8
), ArticleFig(id=1190325831521108330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457955422877, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

电压值U1U2对比

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母线编号 U1 U2
2 0.965 0 0.965 6
5 0.934 5 0.935 4
8 0.921 0 0.922 1
11 0.926 0 0.927 4
15 0.913 2 0.914 8
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面向边缘计算的新能源台区实数化潮流算法
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陈谦 1 , 冯源 1 , 李成 2 , 徐旸 3 , 王姝莼 1
电气传动 | 电力电子 2025,55(1): 61-69
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电气传动 | 电力电子 2025, 55(1): 61-69
面向边缘计算的新能源台区实数化潮流算法
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陈谦1 , 冯源1 , 李成2, 徐旸3, 王姝莼1
作者信息
  • 1 河海大学 电气与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 211100
  • 2 国网浙江电动汽车服务有限公司,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 3 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司,江苏 盐城 224000
  • 陈谦(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为新型电力系统建模与分析,Email:

通讯作者:

冯源(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新型电力系统建模与分析,Email:
Edge Computing Oriented Real-valued Power Flow Algorithm for New Energy Station Areas
Qian CHEN1 , Yuan FENG1 , Cheng LI2, Yang XU3, Shuchun WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electrical and Power Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu,China
  • 2 State Grid Zhejiang Electric Vehicle Service Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang,China
  • 3 State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd. Yancheng Power Supply Branch,Yancheng 224000,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25634
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供电台区接入的新能源电源比例日益提高,不可回避地带来了调控需求,因此亟需相适应的边缘潮流算法。为了在通信条件薄弱、计算资源有限的场景下,兼顾准确性、实用性、高效性,提出一种面向400 V供电台区边缘计算的实数化潮流算法。鉴于400 V台区网络呈阻性且设备功率因数较高的特点,将交流变量从向量和简化为标量和;设计了相应的节点转化策略与迭代算法;提出了数据缺失情况下的赋值策略;进一步提出了基于灵敏度修正或再次迭代计算的在线计算策略。通过仿真算例分析,最后验证了所提算法的准确性与实用性。

边缘计算  /  新能源台区  /  实数化  /  潮流算法  /  计算策略

The proportion of new energy sources connected to the station area is increasing day by day,which inevitably brings regulatory needs. Therefore,there is an urgent need for corresponding edge power flow algorithms. In order to give consideration to accuracy,practicality and efficiency under the situation of weak communication conditions and limited computing resources,a real-valued power flow algorithm for the edge computing of 400 V station area was proposed. Considering the resistive nature of the 400 V station area network and the high power factor of the equipment,the AC variables were simplified from vector sum to scalar sum;corresponding node transformation strategies and iterative algorithms were designed ;assignment strategies in the case of missing data was proposed;an online calculation strategy based on sensitivity correction or iterative calculation was further proposed. Through simulation analysis,the accuracy and practicality of the algorithm proposed were finally verified.

edge computing  /  new energy station areas  /  real-valued  /  power flow algorithm  /  calculation strategy
陈谦, 冯源, 李成, 徐旸, 王姝莼. 面向边缘计算的新能源台区实数化潮流算法. 电气传动, 2025 , 55 (1) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25634
Qian CHEN, Yuan FENG, Cheng LI, Yang XU, Shuchun WANG. Edge Computing Oriented Real-valued Power Flow Algorithm for New Energy Station Areas[J]. Electric Drive, 2025 , 55 (1) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25634
随着新型配电网的建设与发展,越来越多的新能源电源、主动式负荷、储能装置等接入400 V供电台区,使其运行特性发生了重大改变[1-2]。与传统400 V供电台区不同,由于分布式新能源电源等主动设备数量较多、布置分散、波动性与随机性明显,因此对新型400 V台区提出了一定程度的调度与控制要求。而合理有效的调度与控制基础,是对台区状态较精确的观测,并采用适当的算法进行分析与计算,得到合理准确的系统状态[3-4]
在传统高压输电网中通常配备大量冗余的测量设备和传感器,以实时监测电力流动和各节点状态,进而进行潮流计算和系统状态分析,得到合理准确的系统状态。但400 V台区面广量大,受建设和运行成本制约,数据测量点较少,线路拓扑与参数不明确,潮流特点也与高压输电网不同[5-6]。此外,新能源电源功率波动性明显,对台区实际的潮流分别影响较大,造成调控能力缺乏、设备利用率低等问题,因此难以参照输电网的运行控制方式运行。可见,如何对新能源电源比例较高的400 V台区潮流进行合理、高效的分析计算具有重要研究意义与工程价值。
目前,许多学者对含新能源电源的配电网潮流计算问题展开了研究。由于分布式新能源电源的接入增加了配网潮流方向的不确定性和电压水平的不稳定性,为此传统前推回代法不再适用。文献[7]和文献[8]的研究仍以改进牛顿-拉夫逊法和PQ分解法为主,但配电网本身在重载时会出现阻抗比过大的病态系统,导致潮流计算结果不收敛。文献[9]建立了不同类别的分布式新能源电源节点模型,通过改进的前推回代法得到了含分布式电源配电网的优化潮流解,同时提高了算法稳定性。文献[10]提出了基于模型与数据驱动的新型电力系统潮流计算方法,利用深度神经网络拟合线性潮流简化所带来的误差,适用于需要快速求解电力系统线路潮流的应用场景。文献[11]利用全连接深度神经网络构建了数据驱动的潮流分析模型,并以此进行快速潮流分析。文献[12]提出了一种基于半不变量法的低压台区电网三相概率潮流计算方法,可以有效地进行台区电网的三相概率潮流计算,获取低压台区电网的潮流概率分布信息。文献[13]提出基于改进NSGA-3和不平衡潮流的低压台区相序优化,可以有效地降低三相电压不平衡度,减小线路损耗。文献[14]提出一种新的基于改进潮流计算的低压台区三相线损理论计算方法,可应用计算结果指导台区线损精益化管理工作。总之,目前关于含新能源电源电网的潮流算法大多是对传统方法的改进或较为复杂,不能很好地适用于台区场景。台区运行环境复杂,配电责任重大,但关于400 V台区潮流计算的研究较少,因此在工程实际层面,简单且高效的研究其潮流问题不可或缺。
与此同时,为了对台区运行状态进行实时监测,并根据实际情况进行调度调整,边缘计算技术应运而生,为台区的实时监测、控制和优化提供了全新的思路。边缘计算是将计算资源和数据处理能力推向系统的边缘,通过在系统内部部署边缘计算节点,可以将计算和决策推向系统的最前沿,实现更快速、智能和适应性强的配电调控[15-17]。这种计算方式可以在台区中实现实时数据分析、快速决策和远程控制,从而提高台区的效率、可靠性和安全性。
本文提出了面向边缘计算的新能源台区实数化潮流算法,在计算资源有限的台区场景下,能够满足新型低压配电网的运行要求。
新能源电源的接入主要分为离网蓄电、并网发电和两者混合3种方式[18]。其中,新能源电源并网发电对台区的接纳能力有较高要求,可能会对台区运行造成一系列的负面影响。
新能源电源一般经由基于电力电子技术的换流器设备并入台区,且其出力受天气和季节的影响,具有显著的间歇性与波动性特征,这将会导致台区中出现一定的直流分量和谐波分量,引起台区电压畸变,进而影响台区潮流[19]。而且,新能源电源的大量接入可能引起台区功率倒送现象,导致电压越限问题。含新能源台区的等效电路如图1所示,图中:PLQL为负荷有功功率和无功功率;PDGQDG为新能源电源输出的有功功率和无功功率;Us为台区变电站电压;RX为线路的电阻和电抗。
变电站和负荷电压相量的相位差很小,台区公共并网点(point of common coupling,PCC)的电压UPCC表达式如下:
UPCCUs-PR+QXUPCC
其中
P=PL-PDGQ=QL-QDG
由式(1)和式(2)可知,PCC点电压大小取决于净供电功率(PQ)、线路参数(RX)和台区变电站电压(Us),而台区变电站电压基本恒定,所以在台区结构不变的前提下,PCC点电压是稳定的。规定功率由公共电网流向负荷为正,若PDGQDG大于PLQL,则净供电功率PQ为负值,功率倒送入公共电网。此时,电压降为负值,PCC点电压升高甚至越限。
此外,新能源电源接入台区的节点位置和并入容量不合理会对台区网损产生不利影响[20-23]。当新能源电源总容量超过总负荷的2倍及以上,且并入台区某节点的容量超过该节点的负荷容量时,台区总网损增加,所以新能源电源接入台区时,要注意其安装位置、容量等[24]
高压输电网中电感效应较大,电抗远大于电阻,且发电机电源相对集中,电气距离较近,而在台区中此特征不再适用。台区位于电网末端,分布式新能源电源的大量接入使其由传统的单电源辐射型网络转变为多电源的弱环状网络,导致源荷间的界限变得更加模糊,加大了系统调控难度,相应的台区潮流算法成为必要。因此,针对高渗透新能源电源的400 V台区特征,本文提出了相应的潮流算法,以解决上述问题。
线路导线每相单位长度的电阻计算公式如下:
r1=ρS
式中:r1为导线单位长度的电阻,Ω/km;ρ为导线材料的电阻率,Ω·mm2/km;S为导线的额定截面积,mm2
高压输电线路输送的电流较大,通常都使用大横截面积的导线,阻/抗比相应较小;400 V光伏台区线路输送的电流较小,导线横截面积一般都不大,阻/抗比相应较大。
最常用的单导线单位长度电抗的计算公式如下:
x1=2πf(4.6lgDmr+0.5μr)×10-4
式中:x1为导线单位长度的电抗,Ω/km;r为导线的半径,mm或cm;μr为导线材料的相对磁导率,对于铝、铜等,μr=1;f为交流电的频率,Hz;Dm为几何均距,mm或cm,其单位应与r的单位相同。
如将f=50 Hz,μr=1代入式(4),可得:
x1=0.144 5lgDmr+0.015 7
高压输电线路由于电压高,导线间距就要增大,有的线路还采用相分裂导线,这样线路的电抗会加大;400 V光伏台区线路导线间距较小,这样线路的电抗会大幅降低,而突显了电阻性。
综上所述,在400 V新能源台区线路中电阻R远大于电抗X。将交流变量从向量和简化为标量和的示意图如图2所示,在这种情景下,阻抗角(或称功率因数角)ψ很小,可不计因ψ存在而导致电抗X与电阻R间存在90°相位差的情况,且电抗X很小;又ψ为无功功率Q与有功功率P的夹角,同理,可不计因ψ存在而导致无功功率Q与有功功率P间存在90°相位差的情况,且无功功率Q很小;因而将复数阻抗Z=R+jX和复功率S=P+jQ实数化,即Z=R+XS=P+Q。此外:①400 V新能源台区线路两侧母线电压的相位差很小,可忽略不计,因此只考虑母线电压幅值,而不考虑其相位;②400 V新能源台区线路的对地导纳可视为0。
基于此,本文提出了一种节点转化策略:
1)PQ节点可视为恒定功率的S节点,且S=P+Q;若其节点电压U越限,则相应的S节点转化为U节点,且U=U上限
2)PV节点可视为恒定电压的U节点;若其注入功率S=P+Q越限,则相应的U节点转化为S节点,且S=S上限
3)若注入功率S和节点电压U同时越限,则中断计算,说明不能收敛;
4)平衡节点可视为恒定电压UsU节点。
本文所提潮流算法的流程图如图3所示。
图3中初始化过程如下:
步骤一:节点重新编号,将平衡节点编号为1;
步骤二:求n阶节点导纳矩阵Y
步骤三:移除平衡节点;
步骤四:求(n-1)阶节点导纳矩阵Y*
步骤五:求节点导纳矩阵Y*的逆矩阵Y*-1
步骤六:设置S节点电压初值、U节点功率初值。
其中:1)步骤一为便于求解移除平衡节点后的(n-1)阶节点导纳矩阵Y*,即仅需移除n阶节点导纳矩阵Y的第一行和第一列;2)数值均为标幺值;3)平衡节点电压为1;4)各节点电压允许范围为0.9~1.1。
平衡节点功率的求解方法如下:已知平衡节点电压Us=1和线路参数,且已求得除平衡节点外其它各节点的电压,可计算出各支路电流和功率损耗。线路上流通的电流和功率如图4所示,由下式可得各支路的功率损耗:
Sij=UiIij=Ui(Ui-Uj)yij=Pij+QijSji=UjIji=Uj(Uj-Ui)yji=Pji+Qji
现已求得除平衡节点外各节点功率和各支路功率损耗,再考虑满足整个系统的功率平衡,可求得平衡节点的功率。至此,得到台区的所有潮流计算结果。
本方法的实用性体现在:在工程实际中,潮流计算方程由复杂的复数方程转变为了实数方程,对于400 V新能源台区潮流,不需要使用传统的牛顿-拉夫逊法求解,避免了每次迭代都计算不平衡量、雅可比矩阵和修正量,简化了运算;在计算机程序中,避免了编写复杂的雅可比矩阵程序,简化了程序,提高了计算机运算速度。
传统配电网的监测、控制和调度工作一般都可以由供电部门来统一执行,其信息采集、开关操作和能源调度等操作都相对比较容易实现,但在400 V新能源台区中,测点较少,这些程序的执行难度大大增加。与配电线路不同,400 V新能源台区由各类分布式能源组成,可能会引入电压波动和谐波等问题,且由于新能源台区的分布式特点,需要设计合理的监测与修正策略,以便实现对分布式能源的实时监测和远程控制。灵敏度分析可以发现电力系统的弱点和实际运行中可能面临的风险,进而有针对性地采取措施,提高电力系统的可靠性和安全性。本文设计了基于灵敏度法的边缘计算修正策略如图5所示,在满足台区调控需求的同时,尽量减少潮流计算次数以节约运算成本,即满足相应条件时,基于灵敏度法修正具有高优先级,避免了每次都进行潮流计算。 该策略的思路为:当台区出现诸如通信中断等异常情况,造成节点功率、线路参数等少量数据缺失时,可通过状态估计或采用合适的历史数据进行补充,如利用Kalman滤波器等状态估计算法,结合已知的系统模型和测量数据,对缺失的节点功率数据进行估计。与此同时,系统尚存监测装置的测量量也会发生变化;进一步,可根据变化程度大小,重新进行潮流计算或基于灵敏度法修正。
基于灵敏度法的边缘计算修正策略的具体步骤如下:
步骤一:系统状态变化监测。利用400 V新能源台区中少量已部署的传感器和监测设备,实时采集台区中关键节点的电压、电流和功率等数据,并在台区中部署边缘计算节点(可位于配电箱、变电站等关键位置),负责实时数据处理和分析。边缘计算节点实时监测采集到的数据,并进行状态分析和异常检测,通过边缘计算技术,实现快速的数据处理和分析,及时发现系统状态的变化和异常情况。
步骤二:判断系统状态是否有变化,若无变化,则返回步骤一继续监测;若有变化,则进入步骤三;
步骤三:判断系统状态变化是否大。400 V新能源台区存在与传统配电网不同的安全隐患和风险,当逆变器故障、短路时,即若系统状态变化大,则利用本文所提的潮流算法重新进行潮流计算,并形成新状态;若系统状态变化不大,则利用灵敏度法计算修正量进行叠加,并形成新状态;当台区通信中断,节点功率数据缺失时,通过状态估计或补充历史数据,当某些节点上系统状态监测装置的测量量,即节点功率变化较小时,利用这些节点前一时刻基准电压值求得电压灵敏度矩阵后,结合节点功率变化量即可计算修正量;
步骤四:返回步骤一继续监测。
灵敏度法是一种基于潮流计算的方法,其通过计算修正量,以评估各个节点的电压变化对于潮流的影响。其中,灵敏度矩阵用以描述各节点电压变化对于潮流的响应程度。
若以控制变量及状态变量来广泛描述电力系统中各种变量及其之间的关系,可将系统的潮流方程及其他依从变量写为
fx,u=0y=yx,u
式中:x为系统的状态变量;u为系统的控制变量;函数f为系统的功率约束方程;函数y为关于上述两变量的依从变量。
若此时系统正处于稳态运行情况,可设系统的状态量及控制量在(x0y0)点处运行,当其产生扰动或对其进行调控时其运行点做出调整在 (x0xu0u)处运行。为探寻控制变量的变化对状态变量的变化影响程度,可通过对式(7)在 (x0u0)处进行泰勒展开同时略去二次及以上的高次项,得到:

f(x0+Δx,u0+Δu)=f(x0,u0)+fxΔx+fuΔu=0y0+Δy=y(x0,u0)+yxΔx+yuΔu

将式(7)代入,有:
fxΔx+fuΔu=0Δy=yxΔx+yuΔu
可得:
Δx=-(fx)-1fuΔu=SxuΔuΔy=yxΔx+yuΔu=(yxSxu+yu)Δu=SyuΔu
其中
Sxu=-(fx)-1fuSyu=yxSxu+yu
式(11)的推导适用于电力系统中各种灵敏度的求解,其思想及方法是明确的,将电力系统中不同的函数代入其中可以进行不同灵敏度矩阵的求解。
本文以400 V光伏台区5节点系统为例(包含平衡节点、PQ节点和PV节点),如图6所示,验证本文所提潮流算法的有效性。
取电压基准值UB=0.4 kV,容量基准值SB=100 kV·A,将平衡节点编号为1,母线参数、光伏参数和线路参数分别如表1表2表3所示(注明单位的参数为有名值,其余参数为标幺值)。
编写Matlab程序,实现前文所述的潮流算法。迭代3次后,发现|U-U|<1×10-5,即除平衡节点外,各节点电压收敛。加上平衡节点,全部节点电压和功率值如表4所示。
设置相同的系统参数,基于Matlab电力系统仿真组件Matpower,使用传统牛顿-拉夫逊(NR)法和次梯度(SC)法计算上述算例潮流。结果表明:传统牛顿-拉夫逊法需迭代9次,收敛时间为0.28 s;次梯度法需迭代11次,收敛时间为0.37 s;而本文所提潮流算法只需迭代3次,收敛时间为0.004 1 s,简化了潮流计算,节约了收敛时间。对比3种方法的电压和功率计算结果如表5表6所示。
表5表6可知,本文所提潮流算法的电压误差仅为0.804%,功率值四舍五入即为牛顿-拉夫逊法或次梯度法结果,验证了本文所提算法的有效性。
此外,将本文所提的潮流算法具体应用于某400 V新能源配电台区中,其拓扑如图7所示,潮流计算结果如图8所示。
实践表明,此潮流算法具有较高的实用性和可靠性,在高渗透新能源电源的400 V台区中具有良好的应用价值。
本文以图7所示的某400 V新能源配电台区为例,说明如何利用灵敏度法修正边缘计算原先的状态量。模拟通信中断,台区节点功率数据缺失时,使用插值方法(如线性插值、多项式插值)或外推法(如指数外推、趋势外推),根据已知数据点的信息,推算缺失节点的功率数据,发现节点2,5,8,11,15上系统状态监测装置的测量量分别变化了3%,5%,3%,4%,5%,即节点功率变化较小,此时,利用上述节点前一时刻基准电压值求得电压灵敏度矩阵后,结合节点功率变化量即可计算修正量。具体计算公式如下:
ΔI=ΔSUΔU=Y*-1×ΔI
ΔU=Y*-1×ΔSU
式中:ΔU为修正量向量;Y*-1/U为电压灵敏度矩阵的逆矩阵;ΔS为节点功率变化向量。
根据计算得到的修正量ΔU,调整新能源台区的节点电压状态,即U*=UU,使其更符合实际。修正后的电压标幺值U1与重新潮流计算得到的电压标幺值U2对比如表7所示。
表7可知,电压修正值与重新潮流计算结果值两者最大误差仅为0.2%,表明修正量计算的正确性,满足边缘计算需求。
该策略能够实现在线跟踪,实时调整电压实际值,以配合现场、云边计算得到较准确的新能源台区潮流,且本算法不依赖于通信,在通信中断的恶劣情况下,可选择历史数据对特定观测量进行赋值,尽可能小地降低通信的影响。
本文提出的面向边缘计算的新能源台区实数化潮流算法,达到的有益成果如下:
1)算法结合了边缘计算的概念,通过在边缘设备上进行计算,实现更实时、灵活和智能的电力配电调控,能够实现在线跟踪,配合现场、云边计算进行高效、低成本的潮流计算,且对于通信、硬件等弱依赖,在通信中断情况下,仍可用计算数据对特定观测量进行赋值;
2)基于本文提出的模型简化方法及节点转化策略进行潮流计算,可在满足一定精度的条件下,节约计算量的同时较为精准地求解400 V 新能源台区潮流,更适用于工程实际;
3)在工程实际中,潮流计算方程由复杂的复数方程转变为了实数方程,不需要使用传统的牛顿-拉夫逊法求解,避免了每次迭代都计算不平衡量、雅可比矩阵和修正量,简化了运算;在计算机程序中,避免了编写复杂的雅可比矩阵程序,简化了程序,提高了计算机运算速度;
4)针对系统调控问题,本文提出的基于灵敏度法的边缘计算修正策略可通过状态变化监测和修正形成新状态,以达到系统状态的调控目标。为了适应新能源电源的大规模发展,为其提供高效优质的并网服务,需要优化台区的运行管控方案与制度[25-26]
  • 国家自然科学基金(51837004)
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2025年第55卷第1期
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25634
  • 接收时间:2024-01-30
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-30
  • 修回日期:2024-03-12
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国家自然科学基金(51837004)
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    1 河海大学 电气与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 211100
    2 国网浙江电动汽车服务有限公司,浙江 杭州 310012
    3 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司,江苏 盐城 224000

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冯源(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新型电力系统建模与分析,Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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