Article(id=1190325457171091565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190325454285410397, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25649, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708012800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-16, revisedDate=1710864000000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761725304167, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761725304167, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761725304167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725304167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190325454285410397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2025', volume='55', issue='1', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761725303479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725303479, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=70, endPage=80, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190325457473081455, articleId=1190325457171091565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Day-ahead Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy System with 5G Base Stations and Demand Response, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The massive access of 5G base stations has injected new vitality into the low-carbon development of integrated energy system (IES). By stimulating 5G base stations to participate in demand response and incorporating them into the scheduling framework of IES,energy saving and emission reduction of IES can be effectively promoted and the overall economic benefits of IES can be improved. Accordingly,a campus IES day-ahead scheduling model that considers low-carbon empowerment of 5G base stations was proposed. Firstly,the basic structure and main energy consumption inside the 5G base station were analyzed,and a flexible interaction model between the 5G base station and the IES system was constructed;secondly,a price-based demand response model based on the price elasticity matrix and a substitution-based demand response model based on the electric energy-thermal energy interconversion were constructed,and the IES day-ahead scheduling model was built with the lowest scheduling cost as the objective function;meanwhile,the IES risk-averse robust model was further constructed by using the information gap decision theory to deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy output. Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed model and the proposed algorithm were verified by various typical operation scenarios in an IES system.
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5G基站的大量接入为综合能源系统(IES)的低碳化发展注入了新的活力,通过激励5G基站参与需求响应并将其纳入IES的调度框架,可以有效促进IES的节能减排,并提高IES整体的经济效益。据此,提出了一种考虑5G基站低碳赋能的IES日前调度模型。首先,分析了5G基站内部的基本结构及主要能耗,构建了5G基站与IES系统的灵活互动模型;其次,构建了基于弹性矩阵的价格型需求响应模型以及基于电能-热能相互转换的替代型需求响应模型,并以调度成本最低为目标函数构建了IES日前调度模型;与此同时,针对可再生能源出力的不确定性,采用信息间隙决策理论对其进行处理,进一步构建了IES风险规避鲁棒模型。最后,以某IES系统为例,通过多种典型运行场景验证了所构模型以及所提算法的有效性。
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朱庆(1981—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为虚拟电厂、碳排预测、负荷预测、5G在电力系统的应用、可信计算,Email:13125152@1qq.com
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朱庆(1981—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为虚拟电厂、碳排预测、负荷预测、5G在电力系统的应用、可信计算,Email:13125152@1qq.com
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5G base station basic composition diagram, figureFileSmall=MgFsPiti7W8qgrXZy9GrIQ==, figureFileBig=YgmNHYI8+GeoKYBFphnCZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325968423194961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
5G基站基本构成图, figureFileSmall=MgFsPiti7W8qgrXZy9GrIQ==, figureFileBig=YgmNHYI8+GeoKYBFphnCZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325968569995602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Active antenna power consumption distribution under different load rates, figureFileSmall=Etqba+oF9tm2of3kyp1Ktg==, figureFileBig=uoueYusc0pjNFZQzRKKo9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325968624521555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
不同负载率下有源天线功耗分布, figureFileSmall=Etqba+oF9tm2of3kyp1Ktg==, figureFileBig=uoueYusc0pjNFZQzRKKo9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325968775516500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Day-ahead IES scheduling framework with 5G base station, figureFileSmall=42emRy2QwvS3p2xpF63JXQ==, figureFileBig=CoR9R1llOnX/V1zPgnsnQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325968830042453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
含5G基站的IES日前调度框架, figureFileSmall=42emRy2QwvS3p2xpF63JXQ==, figureFileBig=CoR9R1llOnX/V1zPgnsnQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325968888762710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
IES source load base input parameters, figureFileSmall=JggXFopOog1ybDDkP+PAqA==, figureFileBig=+buPcWuEBY35gnT71FWwvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325968943288663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
IES源荷基础输入参数, figureFileSmall=JggXFopOog1ybDDkP+PAqA==, figureFileBig=+buPcWuEBY35gnT71FWwvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969002008920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
5G base station communication load and electrical load, figureFileSmall=nFjBYAF02eqxU3VW0Og20A==, figureFileBig=1cJMK70S0EekSy0Dxw31Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969060729177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
5G基站通信负荷和电负荷, figureFileSmall=nFjBYAF02eqxU3VW0Og20A==, figureFileBig=1cJMK70S0EekSy0Dxw31Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969132032346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Electric load demand response results, figureFileSmall=XK1a/H2M13X6o4+rW3r7qA==, figureFileBig=vQZeRkBQJojDUaohxgI40g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969186558299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
电负荷需求响应结果, figureFileSmall=XK1a/H2M13X6o4+rW3r7qA==, figureFileBig=vQZeRkBQJojDUaohxgI40g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969245278556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Heat load demand response results, figureFileSmall=+B+Ocja9zNFfnkYXRME+2g==, figureFileBig=NdjPTGwlgKHZ1hW+bWNe7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969308193117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
热负荷需求响应结果, figureFileSmall=+B+Ocja9zNFfnkYXRME+2g==, figureFileBig=NdjPTGwlgKHZ1hW+bWNe7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969371107678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
5G base station energy storage operation strategy, figureFileSmall=3+rrTtm4vqLxioOAV/FG3A==, figureFileBig=rNW/q1mt8gVmOKcxiw43JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969429827935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
5G基站储能运行策略, figureFileSmall=3+rrTtm4vqLxioOAV/FG3A==, figureFileBig=rNW/q1mt8gVmOKcxiw43JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969501131104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Number of 5G base station transceivers turned on, figureFileSmall=545VS7rw+ovJje0emVVgaQ==, figureFileBig=U1vQpwegku3ScHXQYZkZqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969559851361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
5G基站收发器开启数量, figureFileSmall=545VS7rw+ovJje0emVVgaQ==, figureFileBig=U1vQpwegku3ScHXQYZkZqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969622765922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Scheduling results under different 5G base station conditions, figureFileSmall=xYFXzXxUo2zxlsi/TsJNZw==, figureFileBig=3IgbkOoKMhj7gS59IwWYbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969685680483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同5G基站工况下的调度结果, figureFileSmall=xYFXzXxUo2zxlsi/TsJNZw==, figureFileBig=3IgbkOoKMhj7gS59IwWYbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969748595044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Opportunity model optimization results, figureFileSmall=EuW3AhAWTyp0Zxr8qvWm3A==, figureFileBig=mwrBWAL3N+uJoK9ihUnPdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969807315301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
机会模型优化结果, figureFileSmall=EuW3AhAWTyp0Zxr8qvWm3A==, figureFileBig=mwrBWAL3N+uJoK9ihUnPdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325969874424166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Robust model optimization results, figureFileSmall=5u8OOBMby0DO0CFySOF/Kw==, figureFileBig=Ne9RXP00FfdH5jxWqoFpnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325970881057127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
鲁棒模型优化结果, figureFileSmall=5u8OOBMby0DO0CFySOF/Kw==, figureFileBig=Ne9RXP00FfdH5jxWqoFpnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325970943971688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Monte Carlo simulation 200 times results, figureFileSmall=VOeUicfw3kNOESi4CLsQRQ==, figureFileBig=kvUB/FwiBWG6ck7bXgM3Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325971006886249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
蒙特卡洛模拟200次结果, figureFileSmall=VOeUicfw3kNOESi4CLsQRQ==, figureFileBig=kvUB/FwiBWG6ck7bXgM3Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325971069800810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Power purchase of IES under different models, figureFileSmall=d264wTS9fxpmxKxPwN0RvQ==, figureFileBig=72PG/HDkCkYCy+HbrlTUJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325971136909675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
不同模型下IES电力市场购电量, figureFileSmall=d264wTS9fxpmxKxPwN0RvQ==, figureFileBig=72PG/HDkCkYCy+HbrlTUJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325971199824236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Operating parameters of each IES aggregation unit
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 设备类型 | 设备参数 | 数值 |
| GT | 安装容量/kW | 4 000 |
| 电效率 | 0.3 |
| 热效率 | 0.4 |
| GB | 安装容量/kW | 1 000 |
| 效率 | 0.9 |
| WHB | 效率 | 0.8 |
| 热泵 | 安装容量/kW | 400 |
| 转换率 | 4.4 |
| 余热发电装置 | 安装容量/kW | 400 |
| 转换率 | 0.8 |
| 切除系数 | 0.15 |
| 储热罐 | 最大容量/kW | 400 |
| 效率 | 0.95 |
| 最大功率/kW | 250 |
| 蓄电池 | 容量/kW | 400 |
| 充放电效率 | 0.95 |
| 充放电功率/kW | 250 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971271127405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
IES各聚合单元运行参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 设备类型 | 设备参数 | 数值 |
| GT | 安装容量/kW | 4 000 |
| 电效率 | 0.3 |
| 热效率 | 0.4 |
| GB | 安装容量/kW | 1 000 |
| 效率 | 0.9 |
| WHB | 效率 | 0.8 |
| 热泵 | 安装容量/kW | 400 |
| 转换率 | 4.4 |
| 余热发电装置 | 安装容量/kW | 400 |
| 转换率 | 0.8 |
| 切除系数 | 0.15 |
| 储热罐 | 最大容量/kW | 400 |
| 效率 | 0.95 |
| 最大功率/kW | 250 |
| 蓄电池 | 容量/kW | 400 |
| 充放电效率 | 0.95 |
| 充放电功率/kW | 250 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971334041966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Electricity market transaction price
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 时段 | 电价/[元•(kW•h)-1] |
| 购电 | 售电 |
| 峰期(09:00—12:00,19:00—22:00) | 1.09 | 0.5 |
平期(08:00—09:00,12:00—19:00, 22:00—24:00) | 0.68 | 0.5 |
| 谷期(00:00—次日08:00) | 0.35 | 0.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971396956527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
电力市场交易价格
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 时段 | 电价/[元•(kW•h)-1] |
| 购电 | 售电 |
| 峰期(09:00—12:00,19:00—22:00) | 1.09 | 0.5 |
平期(08:00—09:00,12:00—19:00, 22:00—24:00) | 0.68 | 0.5 |
| 谷期(00:00—次日08:00) | 0.35 | 0.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971464065392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Basic parameters of the 5G base station
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 取值 | 参数 | 取值 |
| 收发器的个数 | 6 | 斜率 | 2.6 |
| 可用宽带数/MHz | 20 | 固定功耗(电源、冷却系统)/W | 16.7 |
| 基站最大传输功率/W | 39.8 | 固定信号所占发射功率比例 | 0.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971539562865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
5G基站基本参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 取值 | 参数 | 取值 |
| 收发器的个数 | 6 | 斜率 | 2.6 |
| 可用宽带数/MHz | 20 | 固定功耗(电源、冷却系统)/W | 16.7 |
| 基站最大传输功率/W | 39.8 | 固定信号所占发射功率比例 | 0.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971606671730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
IES different operation scheme table
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 需求响应 | 5G基站 | 碳交易 |
| 方案1 | √ | √ | √ |
| 方案2 | √ | × | √ |
| 方案3 | × | √ | √ |
| 方案4 | × | × | √ |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971686363507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
IES不同运行方案表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 需求响应 | 5G基站 | 碳交易 |
| 方案1 | √ | √ | √ |
| 方案2 | √ | × | √ |
| 方案3 | × | √ | √ |
| 方案4 | × | × | √ |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971757666676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Operating costs under different schemes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方案 | 总成本/元 | 碳排放量/kg | 碳交易 成本/元 | 运维成本/元 | 购能成本/元 |
| 1 | 18 695.0 | 4 212.1 | 138.4 | 1 142.5 | 17 158.2 |
| 2 | 20 767.8 | 20 039.2 | 658.6 | 1 725.1 | 18 384.2 |
| 3 | 19 158.9 | 4 681.2 | 153.9 | 1 150.1 | 17 535.7 |
| 4 | 22 354.8 | 20 634.7 | 678.1 | 1 790.1 | 19 886.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971837358453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同方案下运行成本
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方案 | 总成本/元 | 碳排放量/kg | 碳交易 成本/元 | 运维成本/元 | 购能成本/元 |
| 1 | 18 695.0 | 4 212.1 | 138.4 | 1 142.5 | 17 158.2 |
| 2 | 20 767.8 | 20 039.2 | 658.6 | 1 725.1 | 18 384.2 |
| 3 | 19 158.9 | 4 681.2 | 153.9 | 1 150.1 | 17 535.7 |
| 4 | 22 354.8 | 20 634.7 | 678.1 | 1 790.1 | 19 886.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971912855926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=
Electric load characteristics before and after demand response
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 最大负荷/ kW | 最小负荷/ kW | 峰谷差/kW | 平均负荷/kW | 负荷率/% |
| 响应前 | 2 700 | 1 725 | 975 | 2 084 | 77.18 |
| 响应后 | 2 503 | 1 744 | 759 | 2 131 | 85.13 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325971992547703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
需求响应前后电负荷特性
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 最大负荷/ kW | 最小负荷/ kW | 峰谷差/kW | 平均负荷/kW | 负荷率/% |
| 响应前 | 2 700 | 1 725 | 975 | 2 084 | 77.18 |
| 响应后 | 2 503 | 1 744 | 759 | 2 131 | 85.13 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325972076433784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=
Heat load characteristics before and after demand response
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 最大负荷 / kW | 最小负荷/ kW | 峰谷差/kW | 平均负荷/kW | 负荷率/% |
| 响应前 | 2 480 | 1 500 | 960 | 2 081 | 83.91 |
| 响应后 | 2 525 | 1 591 | 968 | 2 059 | 81.54 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190325972143542649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325457171091565, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
需求响应前后热负荷特性
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 最大负荷 / kW | 最小负荷/ kW | 峰谷差/kW | 平均负荷/kW | 负荷率/% |
| 响应前 | 2 480 | 1 500 | 960 | 2 081 | 83.91 |
| 响应后 | 2 525 | 1 591 | 968 | 2 059 | 81.54 |
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