Article(id=1190325327781003897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190325324991791712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25235, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689004800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-11, revisedDate=1694707200000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761725273317, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761725273317, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761725273317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725273317, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190325324991791712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2025', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761725272653, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725272653, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=59, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190325328049439354, articleId=1190325327781003897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Economic Dispatch and Real-time Control of Wind-solar-storage Industrial Park Considering Demand-side Response, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The high proportion of renewable energy system is an inevitable choice to achieve the dual carbon target,but the uncertainty of wind and solar output will cause serious wind and light abandonment. With the deepening reform of the electricity market,the demand-side response has also attracted much attention. In view of the above problems,taken the wind-solar-storage industrial park as the research object,combined with the operation mechanism of Guangdong power spot market,a multi-time scale joint optimization operation method was proposed.In the day-ahead stage,considering the demand-side response,an economic dispatch model with the minimum daily operation cost of the park as the target was established,and the 24 hours power plan curve of the spot day-ahead market was obtained. In the real-time stage,the control strategy of using the hybrid energy storage system to stabilize the planned power deviation of the wind-solar-storage industrial park was proposed. The simulation results show that this method can improve the utilization rate of wind and solar energy and significantly improve the economic operation level of the park. On a typical sunny and windy day,the total cost of the park's day-ahead operation decreased by 37.12%,and the assessment power decreased by 93.5%. On the typical day of rainy days and less wind,the total cost of the park's day-ahead operation decreased by 10.1%,and the assessment power decreased by 99.9%. The qualified rate of the control index is significantly improved,and the planned power deviation is effectively improved.

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高比例可再生能源系统是实现双碳目标的必然选择,但风光出力的不确定性将会造成比较严重的弃风、弃光。随着电力市场不断深化改革,需求侧响应也备受瞩目。针对上述问题,以风光储工业园区为研究对象,结合广东电力现货市场的运行机制,提出了多时间尺度联合优化运行方法。在日前阶段,考虑需求侧响应,建立以园区日运行成本最小为目标的经济调度模型,得到现货日前市场的24 h功率计划曲线;在实时阶段,提出利用混合储能系统平抑风光储工业园区计划功率偏差的控制策略。仿真结果表明,该方法可以提升风光利用率,显著提高园区的经济运行水平:在晴天多风典型日,园区日前运行总成本下降了37.12%,考核电量下降了93.5%;在雨天少风典型日,园区日前运行总成本下降了10.1%,考核电量下降了99.9%;控制指标的合格率显著提高,计划功率偏差得到有效改善。

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王钦(1995—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统运行与控制,Email:
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蔡新雷(1986—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统运行与控制,Email:

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蔡新雷(1986—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统运行与控制,Email:

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蔡新雷(1986—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统运行与控制,Email:

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Quotation scheme for users of the park to participate in interruptible load management

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用户
编号
容量/MW 每天允许中断总次数 每次持续时间/h 补偿费用/[元/(kW·h)-1]
1 2.3 2 2 1.00
2 0.6 3 3 1.30
3 1.8 2 2 0.70
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园区用户参与可中断负荷管理的报价方案

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用户
编号
容量/MW 每天允许中断总次数 每次持续时间/h 补偿费用/[元/(kW·h)-1]
1 2.3 2 2 1.00
2 0.6 3 3 1.30
3 1.8 2 2 0.70
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Comparison of indicators before and after energy storage regulation in wind-solar-storage industrial park

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控制
指标
考核点个数 合格点个数 考核情况/% 控制前后
晴天多风 雨天少风 晴天多风 雨天少风 晴天多风 雨天少风
RMSE \ \ \ \ 18.26 5.16
\ \ \ \ 1.44 0.49
RMSE15min 96 96 0 83 0 86.46
96 96 96 83 100 100
δmean,1min 1 440 1 440 106 543 7.36 37.71
1 440 1 440 1 212 1 420 84.17 98.61
次数 晴天多风:1 124次 雨天少风:1 532次
), ArticleFig(id=1190325851947369035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327781003897, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

风光储工业园区储能调节前后指标对比

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控制
指标
考核点个数 合格点个数 考核情况/% 控制前后
晴天多风 雨天少风 晴天多风 雨天少风 晴天多风 雨天少风
RMSE \ \ \ \ 18.26 5.16
\ \ \ \ 1.44 0.49
RMSE15min 96 96 0 83 0 86.46
96 96 96 83 100 100
δmean,1min 1 440 1 440 106 543 7.36 37.71
1 440 1 440 1 212 1 420 84.17 98.61
次数 晴天多风:1 124次 雨天少风:1 532次
), ArticleFig(id=1190325852014477900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327781003897, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of costs before and after the previous day's optimal scheduling

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成本和收益 晴天多风 雨天少风
调度前 调度后 调度前 调度后
购电费用/万元 52.56 33.03 167.71 150.85
售电收益/万元 6.72 3.09 0.44 0
中断补偿费用/万元 1.81 2.36
转移补偿费用/万元 1.93 1.97
日前总成本/万元 45.84 33.66 167.27 155.18
), ArticleFig(id=1190325852077392461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327781003897, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

日前优化调度前、后成本的对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成本和收益 晴天多风 雨天少风
调度前 调度后 调度前 调度后
购电费用/万元 52.56 33.03 167.71 150.85
售电收益/万元 6.72 3.09 0.44 0
中断补偿费用/万元 1.81 2.36
转移补偿费用/万元 1.93 1.97
日前总成本/万元 45.84 33.66 167.27 155.18
), ArticleFig(id=1190325852136112718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327781003897, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Total cost comparison before and after economic dispatch

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成本和收益 晴天多风 雨天少风
调度前 调度后 调度前 调度后
Cextra/万元 1.09 0.07 0.54 0.03
Csell/万元 0.96 0.05 0.39 0.02
Cpunish/万元 3.20 0.00 2.08 0
F1/万元 33.79 33.79 155.18 155.18
Cc/万元 1.45 1.45 0.52 0.52
CE/万元 0.40 0.40 0.21 0.21
总成本/万元 40.04 34.90 158.92 155.96
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经济调度前、后总成本对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成本和收益 晴天多风 雨天少风
调度前 调度后 调度前 调度后
Cextra/万元 1.09 0.07 0.54 0.03
Csell/万元 0.96 0.05 0.39 0.02
Cpunish/万元 3.20 0.00 2.08 0
F1/万元 33.79 33.79 155.18 155.18
Cc/万元 1.45 1.45 0.52 0.52
CE/万元 0.40 0.40 0.21 0.21
总成本/万元 40.04 34.90 158.92 155.96
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考虑需求侧响应的风光储工业园区经济调度与实时控制
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蔡新雷 1 , 王钦 1 , 陈业夫 1 , 孟子杰 1 , 宋东阔 2
电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2025,55(2): 59-68
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电气传动 | 综合能源与现代电网 2025, 55(2): 59-68
考虑需求侧响应的风光储工业园区经济调度与实时控制
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蔡新雷1 , 王钦1 , 陈业夫1, 孟子杰1, 宋东阔2
作者信息
  • 1 广东电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心,广东 广州 510062
  • 2 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司,江苏 南京 211106
  • 蔡新雷(1986—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统运行与控制,Email:

通讯作者:

王钦(1995—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统运行与控制,Email:
Economic Dispatch and Real-time Control of Wind-solar-storage Industrial Park Considering Demand-side Response
Xinlei CAI1 , Qin WANG1 , Yefu CHEN1, Zijie MENG1, Dongkuo SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Electric Power Dispatching Control Center of Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510062,Guangdong,China
  • 2 NARI Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211106,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25235
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高比例可再生能源系统是实现双碳目标的必然选择,但风光出力的不确定性将会造成比较严重的弃风、弃光。随着电力市场不断深化改革,需求侧响应也备受瞩目。针对上述问题,以风光储工业园区为研究对象,结合广东电力现货市场的运行机制,提出了多时间尺度联合优化运行方法。在日前阶段,考虑需求侧响应,建立以园区日运行成本最小为目标的经济调度模型,得到现货日前市场的24 h功率计划曲线;在实时阶段,提出利用混合储能系统平抑风光储工业园区计划功率偏差的控制策略。仿真结果表明,该方法可以提升风光利用率,显著提高园区的经济运行水平:在晴天多风典型日,园区日前运行总成本下降了37.12%,考核电量下降了93.5%;在雨天少风典型日,园区日前运行总成本下降了10.1%,考核电量下降了99.9%;控制指标的合格率显著提高,计划功率偏差得到有效改善。

风光储工业园区  /  日前优化调度  /  需求侧响应  /  实时控制策略  /  电力现货市场

The high proportion of renewable energy system is an inevitable choice to achieve the dual carbon target,but the uncertainty of wind and solar output will cause serious wind and light abandonment. With the deepening reform of the electricity market,the demand-side response has also attracted much attention. In view of the above problems,taken the wind-solar-storage industrial park as the research object,combined with the operation mechanism of Guangdong power spot market,a multi-time scale joint optimization operation method was proposed.In the day-ahead stage,considering the demand-side response,an economic dispatch model with the minimum daily operation cost of the park as the target was established,and the 24 hours power plan curve of the spot day-ahead market was obtained. In the real-time stage,the control strategy of using the hybrid energy storage system to stabilize the planned power deviation of the wind-solar-storage industrial park was proposed. The simulation results show that this method can improve the utilization rate of wind and solar energy and significantly improve the economic operation level of the park. On a typical sunny and windy day,the total cost of the park's day-ahead operation decreased by 37.12%,and the assessment power decreased by 93.5%. On the typical day of rainy days and less wind,the total cost of the park's day-ahead operation decreased by 10.1%,and the assessment power decreased by 99.9%. The qualified rate of the control index is significantly improved,and the planned power deviation is effectively improved.

wind-solar-storage industrial park  /  day-ahead optimal scheduling  /  demand-side response  /  real-time control strategy  /  electricity spot market
蔡新雷, 王钦, 陈业夫, 孟子杰, 宋东阔. 考虑需求侧响应的风光储工业园区经济调度与实时控制. 电气传动, 2025 , 55 (2) : 59 -68 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25235
Xinlei CAI, Qin WANG, Yefu CHEN, Zijie MENG, Dongkuo SONG. Economic Dispatch and Real-time Control of Wind-solar-storage Industrial Park Considering Demand-side Response[J]. Electric Drive, 2025 , 55 (2) : 59 -68 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25235
高比例可再生能源接入电力系统使得电网结构变得日益复杂,电网运行控制风险激增,需要由传统的“源随荷动”模式逐步转变为“源荷互动”协同模式[1],亟需构建源网荷储协同互动的市场化机制[2]。源网荷储一体化项目能够有效整合项目范围内各类分布式可再生能源和用户,使之成为一个能够独立运行、电力产用高度协调的融合体。文献[3]提出一种考虑可转移负荷用户用电偏好的需求侧响应激励模型。文献[4-5]考虑电动汽车作为需求侧资源接入电网,提出一种适用于电动汽车的分布式需求响应算法,起到了“削峰”作用。文献[6]考虑需求侧响应,引入碳捕集技术,以综合成本最低为目标,建立电气热综合能源系统低碳经济调度模型。
随着电力市场机制不断完善,在传统调度基础上,可以进一步对适应电力市场环境的优化经济调度方案进行探索。文献[7]考虑中长期市场中合同电量分解,提出了一种合同电量分解和日前调度计划联合优化方法。文献[8]针对在电力市场中拥有配网运营能力的售电公司,以售电公司经济性最优为目标,建立了包含分布式电源和可变负荷的日前优化调度模型。文献[9]设计区域能源综合系统参与市场框架,并考虑区域能源网络约束和可再生能源出力市场价格不确定性,构建区域综合能源运营商市场交易模型。
上述研究大部分集中在日前阶段,而在电力市场环境下,考虑不同时间尺度,尤其是实时阶段的优化经济运行研究还较少。
综上,本文提出了日前、实时两个时间尺度下的工业园区经济调度模型。首先搭建了风光储工业园区架构,并提出了其参与电力市场现货机制的运行模式。其次在日前阶段,以风光储工业园区日运行成本最小为目标,考虑需求侧可中断负荷和可转移负荷的响应,建立了日前优化经济调度模型;在实时阶段,通过采用变分模态分解(variational modal decomposition,VMD)对偏差功率进行分解,利用混合储能系统平抑功率波动,构建实时控制策略。
仿真结果表明,本文所提出的方法可以良好地适应当前国内电力现货日前市场和实时市场机制,能显著提升风光储工业园区经济性。在日前阶段,经过日前经济调度后,需求侧响应资源起到了一定的“削峰填谷”作用,有效提高了风光利用率,风光储工业园区经济效益显著提高;在实时阶段,能够改善计划功率偏差,贴合日前经济调度计划,有效减小了考核电量和购电费用,减免了承担电网调度部门的惩罚费用。
图1所示为风光储工业园区架构,包括工商业用户、分散式风电、分布式光伏、混合储能设备,采用运营一体化和投资多元化模式框架[10]
以园区运营商为风光储工业园区架构的中心枢纽,对外负责上报日前和实时电力现货市场购电计划,参与市场结算,在特定情况下接受电网调度部门开展的电量考核;对内则负责运营风光储工业园区,包括:
1)管理工业园区分布式光伏和分散式风电,日前阶段预测风光出力并进行调度,实时阶段根据风光功率实际出力进行调度;
2)对接工商业用户,接受用户申报需求侧信息,调度可中断负荷、可转移符合等需求侧资源,制定运行计划;
3)控制储能系统,通过充放电平抑联络线的功率偏差波动,准确追踪日前计划购电值,减少实时市场费用。
本文所提出的风光储工业园区优化运行模式主要围绕电力现货市场日前和实时2个阶段,实现递进的经济滚动优化调度,风光储工业园区在电力现货市场下的优化运行模式如图2所示。
1)日前优化阶段。电力现货市场日前阶段下,园区运营商每日需根据风光储工业园区的用电情况进行次日的分时负荷曲线申报工作,参与该电力现货日前市场的交易活动。园区运营商通过日前经济调度模型求得次日最优购电曲线,用于日前市场申报。
电力调度部门根据发电机组和售电公司批发用户申报的信息,计算日前市场出清结果并发布,园区运营商基于日前市场出清结果再进行日前优化计算,得到日前24 h功率计划曲线。本文设定日前预测电价与出清电价一致。
2)实时控制阶段。因为风光具有随机波动性,故在实时阶段难以避免可能会和日前制定的购电曲线产生一定的偏差。此时园区运营商将受到电网调度部门电量考核,当偏差电量超过考核规定范围后,园区运营商将会受到惩罚。
在实时阶段若产生了购电偏差,为避免受到电网调度部门考核的惩罚,一方面园区运营商可基于负荷实际值、风光实际出力等信息,利用混合储能装置的充放电实施实时控制,平抑功率偏差;另一方面可通过实时市场的交易活动来跟踪日前计划曲线。
本文所提出的需求侧响应主要是调节可转移负荷的使用时间和改变可中断负荷,使各负荷在时序上更加贴近风电出力和光伏出力[11]。调度周期设置为24 h,一个调度时段设置为1 h。园区运营商负责收集用户设定的信息,分析负荷、风光发电数据以及日前分时电价数据,利用设计的优化经济调度模型进行求解,得到可转移负荷的运行时间安排和可中断负荷的中断安排。当园区运营商发出指令信息后,被设定的负荷将接收指令,在所设置的时段自行动作,并自动运行。园区运营商针对各用户设置激励机制,若用户能够申报需求侧信息,并依据园区运营商的指令严格执行负荷安排参与需求侧响应,将会得到相应的经济激励。
本文采用计及需求侧响应的系统日前经济调度模型,以工业园区一天内的总运行成本最低为目标,如下式所示:
F=CB+Cd+Cc-Cs
其中
CB=t=1T(ρt·Pbuy,t)
Cc=t=1Ti=1NIL[mc·PIL(i,t)]
PIL(i,t)=U(i,t)pIL(i,t)
Cd=i=1Iwit=1TPout(i,t)
式中:F为风光储工业园区的供电成本;CB为工业园区多能系统日前从电网购电的费用;Cd为支付用户可转移负荷的补偿费用;Cc为支付用户日周期内的可中断负荷的补偿费用;Cs为多能系统的售电收益;ρt为t时段的日前购电电价;Pbuy,t为t时段工业园区多能系统的购电量;mc为单位电量的补偿价;NIL为可中断用户的个数;PIL(i,t)为响应的中断功率;pIL(i,t)为从第i个用户处购买IL容量;U(i,t)为t时刻IL开关的状态设置,值为1的时候表示中断负荷;wi为第i个用户可转移负荷所需的单位补偿费用;Pout(i,t)为从t时段转移到t'时段的负荷量。
Pbuy,t+PPV,t+Pwind,t=P˜L,t
式中:Pbuy,t为t时段的购电量;PPV,tt时段的光伏发电量;Pwind,t为t时段的风力发电量;P˜L,t为工业园区多能系统进行最优负荷调度后t时段的负荷总量。
1)可转移负荷在第t时段的转入、转出负荷量约束如下:
0DSL,(t,t')inDSL,(t,t'),maxin
0DSL,(t,t')outDSL,(t,t'),maxout
DSL,(t,t'),maxin=aPtΔT
DSL,(t,t'),maxout=bPtΔT
式中:DSL,(t,t'),maxin为可转移负荷在第t个调度时段所允许转入的最大负荷量;DSL,(t,t'),maxout为可转移负荷在第t个调度时段所允许转出的最大负荷量;P(t)为负荷转移前第t个调度时段的负荷。
a因子设定原则为白天较小,晚上较大;负荷峰时段较大,平时段较小。b因子设定原则为白天较大,晚上较小,负荷峰时段较小,平时段较大。
2)转移前、后负荷总量保持不变。在24 h内,用户总用电量不变,负荷增加量和负荷减少量需保持平衡。如下式所示:
t=1TPSL,t=t=1TPSL,t'
式中:PSL,tPSL,t'分别为转移前、后的可转移负荷大小。
3)中断容量约束如下:
0PIL,iPIL,i,max    i=1,2,,NIL
式中:PIL,i,max为第i个可中断用户的最大中断量。
4)中断次数约束如下:
t=1TU(i,t)ΔT/Td(i)N(i)
式中:Tdi为第i个可中断用户每次中断持续时间;Ni为第i个可中断用户每天允许的中断总次数。
变分模态分解可将偏差功率信号分解成K个固有模态分量,求解约束变分模型最优值,各分量中心频率与带宽不断交替更新,最终得到本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMFs)[12]。将每个本征模态函数uk(t)看作一个有限带宽的调幅调频信号,可以表示为
PHESS(t)=k=1Kuk(t)
式中:ukt)为通过分解获得的第K个模式分量,k=1,2,,K
IMF分量的个数K的确定对VMD有一定影响,K值过小会导致信号分解不彻底,影响后续容量配置的准确性,K值过大会导致信号过分解,出现模态重复或产生额外的噪声。一般选择K=3~8为IMF分量的个数,各个IMF分量具有不同的中心频率。本文采用中心频率法确定K的最佳个数K=5。对偏差功率信号进行VMD分解,得到5个IMF分量。
对每个模态分量ukt进行Hilbert变换,得到相应的瞬时幅值、频率的信息,最终根据所得瞬时频谱得到各模态分量的Hilbert谱为
H(uk(t))=P1π-+uk(τ)t-τdτ
式中:P为柯西主值。
对Hilbert谱作时间上的积分,表示信号幅值在整个频率段上随频率的变化情况,可作为HESS功率分配的依据。根据时间响应特性的不同,可将储能划分为功率型储能和能量型储能[13]。通过观察边际谱,将模态分量重构成高频和低频信号,其中,把低频信号分配给能量型储能,高频信号分配给功率型储能。最后根据能量型和功率型储能各自的物理特性,确定两种类型储能的合理频率分界点,将低于wi的各模态分量重构作为能量型储能参考输出功率Psct,将高于wi各模态分量重构作为功率型储能参考输出功率Pbatt,即
Pbatt=k=1iuktPsct=k=i+1Kukt
参考2021年6月28日发布的《风光储联合发电站设计标准》,本文引入15 min的均方根误差指标和1 min的平均误差指标,其计算公式与全天均方根误差如下:
RMSE15min=i=1n(PMi-PPi)2PNnε1
δmean,1min=mean(|PMi-PPi|/PMi)ε2
RMSE=i=1nPMi-PPi2PNm
式中:n为考核周期内采样点数;PN为风光储工业园区的最大实际购电功率;PMi为第i时刻的实际购电功率;PPi为第i时刻的计划购电功率;m为日内考核点数。
本文参照广东电力市场偏差考核规则,RMSE15min的控制目标ε1δmean,1min的控制目标ε2分别取4%和10%。
本文所提策略不强制要求偏差在考核时段内频繁过零,允许其在合理的范围内波动时储能不动作。如图3所示,根据功率偏差程度可将控制区域划分为死区、正常调节区和紧急调节区,其阈值分别用PEDPEE表示。
以15 min为考核周期,在3.2节中所提到的控制标准下,风光储工业园区实时控制策略流程图如图4所示。
对控制点进行滚动采样,计算出园区联络线实时值与计划值之间的偏差功率(控制目标),考核周期为15 min,不断滚动采样,根据风光储工业园区计划功率偏差程度,引入15 min的均方根误差指标和1 min的平均误差指标作为控制标准,从而划分出不同的控制区域(死区、正常调节区、紧急调节区),基于采样功率所在的控制区间,进行不同的控制行为:当园区计划功率偏差处于死区时,混合储能系统不动作;处于正常调节区时,得到混合储能系统总充放电功率,使用VMD法分解园区联络线偏差功率信号,对储能系统进行功率分配;处于紧急调节区时,采用PI控制作为紧急控制措施进行调节。
本文从日前经济调度层面进行建模计算,综合对本文提出的方法进行经济评价。
通过求解日前最优模型,可得到日前风光储工业园区的最小购电费用、可中断负荷和可转移负荷补偿费用,从而求得风光储工业园区日前总成本,具体计算公式见式(1)。
本文参考广东电力市场的偏差费用结算规则,从实时市场购电费用、实时市场亏损售电费用、偏差考核费用、偏差回收收益四个方面对所提实时控制策略进行评价。
当某个控制时段实际用电Q,t大于该时段日前购电量Q,t时,园区运营商需要从实时市场中进行购电,园区运营商将支付额外的购电费用,计算公式如下:
Cextra=t=196[(Q,t-Q,t)×(P,t-P,t)]
式中:P,tP,t分别为第t个控制时段的实时市场购电价和日前市场购电价。
当某个控制时段实际用电小于该时段日前购电时,园区运营商将这部分电量在实时市场按照低于日前购电价格的价格售出,这部分亏损售电费用计算公式如下:
Csell=t=196[(Q,t-Q,t)×(P,t-γ)]
式中:γ为实时市场售电价,根据实际情况,本文中γ=0.48元/(kW·h)。
随着电力改革的深入,以年度和月度为时间尺度的电能量市场将会发展为更小时间尺度的电力市场[1]。本文按照“日清日结”的偏差结算方式进行结算,园区运营商具有规定的免考核范围,超过此范围的偏差电量将按照2倍的日前市场购入电价来支付考核费用,计算公式如下:
Cpunish=2t=196(Q,t·P,t)
式中:Q,t为第t个控制时段的考核电量。
综合上述日前调度阶段和实时控制阶段两部分费用,可以计算风光储工业园区全天的总成本,计算公式如下:
E=Cextra+Csell+Cpunish+F
为验证本文所提策略的有效性和实用性,以国内某150 MW工业园区某个晴天多风和某个雨天少风典型日24 h历史数据为例进行仿真分析,园区内包含有水泥企业、机械企业以及电解铝企业三种用户,均为三班制企业,需求侧响应潜力大。本文根据负荷重要程度将风光储工业园区的负荷分为了固定负荷、可转移负荷和可中断负荷三类。园区内同时装设有总容量为120 MW的光伏发电板和150 MW的分散式风机,园区电源出力及负荷情况如图5所示。
本文设定日前阶段仿真步长为1 h,实时仿真阶段步长为15 min,在一天24 h内进行调度。日前阶段,向电网的购电电价均采用分时电价的方式具体如下:峰时段(10:00—11:00,16:00—17:00,18:00—22:00)时1.5元/(kW·h);尖峰时段(11:00—12:00,17:00—18:00)时1.8元/(kW·h);谷时段(23:00—00:00,00:00—7:00)时0.5元/(kW·h);平时段(7:00—10:00,12:00—16:00,22:00—23:00)时1.0元/(kW·h)。
实时阶段,购电价格参考广东电力市场某日的实时出清电价。光伏、风电向电网倒送价格设为0.48元/(kW·h),可转移负荷补偿单价为0.15元/(kW·h),园区用户参与可中断负荷管理的报价方案如表1所示。
按照第2节中的日前优化方案,采用Gurobi求解器求解日前阶段优化调度模型。求解得到的园区购电曲线如图6所示。在晴天多风以及雨天少风两种典型日场景下,通过经济调度后,整个园区对外售电量均大幅减少,尤其雨天少风典型日下,经济调度后风光储工业园区向电网售电量几乎为0,说明灵活调度园区内用户生产,达到了风光就地消纳的目的。
需求侧响应结果如图7所示。由图7可知,选中的可中断用户的容量以及中断的次数都达到了限值,原因为该时段园区负荷较高、风光出力有限,且处于峰时段,通过中断用户小部分可中断负荷能够提高整个园区的经济效益。
优化调度前、后的园区负荷功率曲线对比如图8所示,通过考虑需求侧响应,可以起到“削峰填谷”的作用,提高园区的经济性。
数据采样周期为4 s,采样点数为21 600点。以控制点前15 min为VMD采样区间,滚动读取区间内采样数据进行储能功率调节计算。本文采用超级电容器、锂离子电池组成混合储能系统。
根据文献[14]优化储能容量,由锂电池和超级电容器组成的混合储能装置容量设置为19 MW·h,锂离子电池容量为6 MW·h,最大充放电功率为36 MW,充放电效率为95%;超级电容器容量为13 MW·h,最大充放电功率为45 MW,充放电效率为98%;二者初始SOC设为0.7。
将能量型储能的SOC正常区域设定为0.2~0.8,而功率型储能的SOC正常范围则放宽至0.1~0.9。死区临界点PED按储能充放电最大功率的5%考虑,设为1.1 MW,紧急调节区临界点PEE按园区主变容量的3%考虑,即4.5 MW。
根据所提策略对偏差功率进行调节。为了比较本文所提的基于变分模态分解的风光储工业园区实时控制策略的效果,采用文献[15]所提的基于PI控制算法的实时控制策略进行比较分析。图9为储能调节前、后的功率偏差情况。
图9可以看出,风光储工业园区原出力偏差波动及其剧烈,储能参与调节后,功率偏差得到了极大的改善,晴天多风典型日下全天的RMSE由18.26%减少至1.44%,雨天少风典型日下全天的RMSE由5.16%减少至0.49%。
因考虑到储能运行和维护成本,并不强制要求偏差过零,只需将偏差控制在一个合理的范围即可,剩余部分则由实时电力市场进行平衡。
图10为风光储工业园区储能调节前后园区购电情况,经储能系统调节后,园区购电曲线基本可以和日前调度计划贴合。图11为储能调节量。
全天考核结果如表2所示。由于风速等外部因素影响,风光储工业园区短时间内可能存在较大的功率缺口,经储能调节后,各项考核指标均得到了明显改善。
晴天多风典型日下,控制前全天的考核电量为279.910 MW·h,控制后全天的考核电量下降为18.110 MW·h;雨天少风典型日下,控制前全天的考核电量为108.294 MW·h,控制后全天的考核电量下降为0.099 MW·h。对比结果如图12所示。
晴天多风典型日下,控制前的园区购电量为346.220 MW·h,控制后的购电量为286.893 MW·h,减少了59.327 MW·h,园区向电网倒送的电量由152.029 MW·h减少至78.023 MW·h;雨天少风典型日下,控制前园区购电量为1 389.132 MW·h,控制后购电量为1 311.236 MW·h,减少了77.896 MW·h,园区向电网倒送的电量由30.457 MW·h增加至87.137 MW·h。提高了园区内风光利用率以及园区的经济性和稳定性。
日前优化调度前后的各项成本对比如表3所示。因为充分考虑需求侧响应,相比于调度前,虽然增加了一定的中断补偿费用和转移补偿费用,但特定时段的“削峰填谷”量却明显增大,园区运营商仅需给予园区用户较低的费用作为补偿,使园区用户可以在不影响自身生产计划的前提下,愿意参与到经济调度计划安排中,获取一部分补偿,从而达成园区运营商和园区用户“双赢”的局面。
本文选取广东现货电力市场某日的实时电价进行计算分析,如图13所示。
采用日前调度和实时控制方法前、后的各项成本如表4所示,采用实时控制策略后,晴天多风典型日场景下,园区运营商几乎可以免于承担高昂的惩罚费用,且发现采用本文所提经济调度方法后,园区运营商可获利121 749元;雨天少风典型日场景下,采用实时控制策略后,园区考核费用由2.08万元下降至0元。
本文所提出的经济调度方法能够较好地契合我国现行的电力现货市场运行规则,可充分挖掘用户的响应能力,增加风光利用率,提高了园区的经济运行水平,对园区运营商实际运营具有一定的参考性。
1)在日前阶段,经过日前经济调度后,需求侧响应资源起到了一定的“削峰填谷”作用,在晴天多风和雨天少风典型日下,园区在日前市场的购电费用成本分别下降了37.2%和10.1%。
2)在实时阶段,实施实时控制策略后,计划功率偏差得到有效改善,在晴天多风和雨天少风典型日下,全天的考核电量分别下降了93.5%和99.9%。
目前,风光储工业园区需求侧响应考虑的负荷类型较少,未来可以进一步考虑更加丰富的负荷种类。
  • 南方电网公司科技项目(036000KK52220004)
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25235
  • 接收时间:2023-07-11
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-11
  • 修回日期:2023-09-15
基金
南方电网公司科技项目(036000KK52220004)
作者信息
    1 广东电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心,广东 广州 510062
    2 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司,江苏 南京 211106

通讯作者:

王钦(1995—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统运行与控制,Email:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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