Article(id=1190325327390933621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, issueId=1190325324991791712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25209, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687881600000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-28, revisedDate=1697817600000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761725273224, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761725273224, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761725273224, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725273224, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190325324991791712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, year='2025', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='3', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761725272653, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761725272653, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190325327596454520, articleId=1190325327390933621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, language=EN, title=Stability Study of Wireless Power Supply System for Planar Rotation Mechanism Monitor, columnId=null, journalTitle=Electric Drive, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking the planar rotation mechanism as an example,a magnetic coupling wireless power transmission system was designed and studied from two perspectives:the spatial structure of the coils and the resonant compensation circuit. This system aimed to reduce the voltage fluctuations caused by significant changes in mutual inductance between the coils during rotation and ensure system stability. Regarding the spatial structure of the coils,four coils were fixed on a stationary plane at the transmitter end,while two coils were used at the receiver end and fixed on the plane of the rotation mechanism to ensure that they could induce a certain amount of current during rotation. For resonant circuit compensation,an LCC/S-type compensation network was adopted. The current at the transmitter end is only influenced by the compensating inductance and input voltage,further enhancing the coils' resistance to offset. This approach provides significant advantages in terms of power transmission and efficiency improvement. Finally,a simulation and experimental platform was established to validate the design. The experimental results demonstrated that using two receiver coils and the LCC/S topology resulted in improved output voltage,power,and efficiency while maintaining stability to a certain degree.

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以平面旋转机构为例,从线圈的空间结构以及谐振补偿电路两个角度出发,设计并研究了一种磁耦合无线电能传输系统,降低了旋转时线圈间互感波动变化大带来的电压波动问题,保证了系统的稳定性。在线圈空间结构上,发射端使用4个线圈固定在静止平面上,接收端线圈为了能够在旋转时都能感应到一定的电流,采用两个线圈,并固定在旋转机构的平面上。在谐振电路补偿上,采用LCC/S型补偿网络,发射端电流只受补偿电感和输入电压的影响,进一步增强了线圈的抗偏移能力,因此对功率的传输、效率的提高有着明显的优势。最后搭建仿真和实验平台,验证设计方案的合理性。实验结果表明,采用两接收线圈以及LCC/S拓扑时,输出电压、功率、效率都有所提高并能够在一定程度保持稳定。

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陈旭玲(1979—),女,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为无线电能传输、机电工程,Email:

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陈旭玲(1979—),女,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为无线电能传输、机电工程,Email:

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Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190325887410209564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, awardId=52275492, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52275492), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190325882154746585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325882179912410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, companyId=1190325882154746585, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210001,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190325882188301019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, companyId=1190325882154746585, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京航空航天大学 机电学院,江苏 南京 210001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190325884239315712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structure diagram of a planar rotating mechanism wireless power transmission system, figureFileSmall=e6qHESq6MlYUSv6v3Ik4BA==, figureFileBig=z8l1j4hCc1Z4QPlYDcMOrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325884319007489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=CN, label=图1, caption=平面旋转机构无线电能传输系统结构图, figureFileSmall=e6qHESq6MlYUSv6v3Ik4BA==, figureFileBig=z8l1j4hCc1Z4QPlYDcMOrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325884495168258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Single transmitter coil and single receiver coil spatial model, figureFileSmall=wSSMFcJjesq6jI/q/Bj8gg==, figureFileBig=/oIa4s3LzttQgEPjbWCrhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325885526967043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=CN, label=图2, caption=单发射线圈与单接收线圈空间位置模型, figureFileSmall=wSSMFcJjesq6jI/q/Bj8gg==, figureFileBig=/oIa4s3LzttQgEPjbWCrhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325885619241732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Spatial position model of four transmitter coils and two receiver coils, figureFileSmall=4t0lU1vQeba6/xFOoz9A9Q==, figureFileBig=s4WFRkahj5R2/jL6Yp6C5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325885686350597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=CN, label=图3, caption=四发射线圈与两接收线圈空间位置模型, 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caption=Equivalent model of the secondary side, figureFileSmall=UYBXQ0qtDCZArN5ShJmeug==, figureFileBig=6gxl2/zRcjCi65Gy8BjExw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325886214832909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=CN, label=图7, caption=二次侧等效模型, figureFileSmall=UYBXQ0qtDCZArN5ShJmeug==, figureFileBig=6gxl2/zRcjCi65Gy8BjExw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325886315496206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Mutual inductance coefficient between four transmitter coils and a single receiver coil, figureFileSmall=lbBGohVdpWKiYHVWN6lMVw==, figureFileBig=rgasK8FMKa84b7O6h4NQmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325886378410767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=CN, label=图8, caption=四发射线圈和单接收线圈互感系数, figureFileSmall=lbBGohVdpWKiYHVWN6lMVw==, 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figureFileBig=F1NpOrQku0KjF2GdaZUb/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325886667817747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=CN, label=图10, caption=单接收线圈的电压、功率与效率随角度变化情况, figureFileSmall=JFuwMlR1ml/vs07vWB9w9Q==, figureFileBig=F1NpOrQku0KjF2GdaZUb/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325886726538004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=The voltage,power and efficiency of two receiver coils as a function of angle, figureFileSmall=LmvYgIBG6W8hyzTgCK8VWA==, figureFileBig=P2t6MuE/04dAaDYMW/P2tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190325886789452565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189987059142926344, articleId=1190325327390933621, language=CN, label=图11, caption=两接收线圈的电压、功率与效率随角度变化情况, figureFileSmall=LmvYgIBG6W8hyzTgCK8VWA==, figureFileBig=P2t6MuE/04dAaDYMW/P2tQ==, tableContent=null), 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平面旋转机构监测器无线供电系统稳定性研究
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陈旭玲 , 刘成 , 许欣慰 , 董硕 , 田婷
电气传动 | 电力电子 2025,55(2): 34-40
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电气传动 | 电力电子 2025, 55(2): 34-40
平面旋转机构监测器无线供电系统稳定性研究
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陈旭玲 , 刘成, 许欣慰, 董硕, 田婷
作者信息
  • 南京航空航天大学 机电学院,江苏 南京 210001
  • 陈旭玲(1979—),女,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为无线电能传输、机电工程,Email:

Stability Study of Wireless Power Supply System for Planar Rotation Mechanism Monitor
Xuling CHEN , Cheng LIU, Xinwei XU, Shuo DONG, Ting TIAN
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210001,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25209
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以平面旋转机构为例,从线圈的空间结构以及谐振补偿电路两个角度出发,设计并研究了一种磁耦合无线电能传输系统,降低了旋转时线圈间互感波动变化大带来的电压波动问题,保证了系统的稳定性。在线圈空间结构上,发射端使用4个线圈固定在静止平面上,接收端线圈为了能够在旋转时都能感应到一定的电流,采用两个线圈,并固定在旋转机构的平面上。在谐振电路补偿上,采用LCC/S型补偿网络,发射端电流只受补偿电感和输入电压的影响,进一步增强了线圈的抗偏移能力,因此对功率的传输、效率的提高有着明显的优势。最后搭建仿真和实验平台,验证设计方案的合理性。实验结果表明,采用两接收线圈以及LCC/S拓扑时,输出电压、功率、效率都有所提高并能够在一定程度保持稳定。

平面  /  旋转机构  /  线圈空间结构  /  LCC/S拓扑  /  磁耦合式

Taking the planar rotation mechanism as an example,a magnetic coupling wireless power transmission system was designed and studied from two perspectives:the spatial structure of the coils and the resonant compensation circuit. This system aimed to reduce the voltage fluctuations caused by significant changes in mutual inductance between the coils during rotation and ensure system stability. Regarding the spatial structure of the coils,four coils were fixed on a stationary plane at the transmitter end,while two coils were used at the receiver end and fixed on the plane of the rotation mechanism to ensure that they could induce a certain amount of current during rotation. For resonant circuit compensation,an LCC/S-type compensation network was adopted. The current at the transmitter end is only influenced by the compensating inductance and input voltage,further enhancing the coils' resistance to offset. This approach provides significant advantages in terms of power transmission and efficiency improvement. Finally,a simulation and experimental platform was established to validate the design. The experimental results demonstrated that using two receiver coils and the LCC/S topology resulted in improved output voltage,power,and efficiency while maintaining stability to a certain degree.

flat  /  rotating mechanism  /  coil spatial structure  /  LCC/S topology  /  magnetic-coupled
陈旭玲, 刘成, 许欣慰, 董硕, 田婷. 平面旋转机构监测器无线供电系统稳定性研究. 电气传动, 2025 , 55 (2) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25209
Xuling CHEN, Cheng LIU, Xinwei XU, Shuo DONG, Ting TIAN. Stability Study of Wireless Power Supply System for Planar Rotation Mechanism Monitor[J]. Electric Drive, 2025 , 55 (2) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25209
为了监测旋转机构状态,需要对机构上的传感器装置进行供电,由于接收端是旋转的,所以传统的线连方式已不再适合。传统的旋转供电方式有:在旋转设备上安装电池[1]、接收端和发射端采用机械滑环[2]等。旋转设备上安装电池存在明显的缺点,就是这种供电方式需要不定期地更换电池,而一些大型设备一旦运行短时间是不能停止的,所以并不可靠。机械滑环式供电,由于是机械式,滑环间不仅存在相互摩擦而磨损的问题,甚至会产生电火花,严重影响了设备的安全性。无线电能传输技术可以很好地避免上述一系列问题的产生。无线电能传输技术拥有着非接触、灵活性强、安全可靠、绿色环保等众多优点,目前被广泛应用在各种领域,如航天卫星、航空直升机、植入式医疗设备、电子设备充电器、电动车充电[3-5]等。
针对旋转设备的无线电能传输稳定性问题,国内外学者提出了众多方法,包括线圈的空间结构的设计、补偿网络设计和控制策略的设计[6-13]。在文献[6]中,发射端两个小线圈串联,接收端两个小线圈并联,并附加电容进行阻抗匹配的方式,提高了输出功率和传输功率的平稳性。在文献[7]中,发射端有6个小线圈,接收端有2个小线圈并且相差30°,均匀地分布在圆形平面上,这种结构能够保证在旋转任意角度接收线圈都能有感应电动势。文献[8]提出了4种类型的基本单谐振补偿网络:S/S,S/P,P/S,P/P。文献[9]提出了一种双边LCC拓扑并对其参数进行了优化,使得输出高功率的同时,又保证了ZVS降低了开关损耗,提高了输出效率。文献[11]提出了一种频率跟踪系统,解决了发射线圈电感细微的变化导致系统失谐的问题,进而提高了系统效率。
本文以平面旋转机构为例,考虑到在实际工程运用中一些直升机或者涡轮发动机旋转叶片的规格,因此设定了4个发射线圈。由于发射线圈与接收线圈之间的磁感应强度方向不都是垂直于线圈平面,因此选择比发射线圈大的接收线圈可以接收到更多的磁场能量。在与发射线圈相同大小的旋转平面上,线圈尺寸变大意味着多接收线圈之间距离的靠近,接收线圈之间存在相互耦合的影响,导致接收磁场能量降低。为了方便分析,最多使用2个接收线圈进行系统的优化。通过使用4个发射线圈和2个接收线圈并合理地设计线圈空间结构,降低了互感大范围的波动,稳定了输出的负载电压。通过使用LCC/S型补偿网络,增强了线圈的抗偏移能力,进一步稳定了输出电压。
平面旋转机构监测器的无线电能传输系统结构图如图1所示,包含了发射系统与接收系统,其中,发射系统由直流电压源、逆变桥、补偿电路、发射线圈组成;接收系统由补偿电路、整流桥、负载组成。当平面机构在旋转时,发射线圈与接收线圈相对位置总会发生偏移现象,互感值也会不断地变化,因此研究线圈空间结构和谐振补偿电路很有必要。
计算互感值常见的方式有两种,一种是通过毕奥-萨伐尔定律求解[7],另外一种是通过聂以曼公式求解[14]。前者在计算磁场强度这一步有叉乘项,所以计算量是非常大的,只适合空间位置相对简单的运算。后者则是投影后在平面内的矢量计算,降低了运算的复杂度,因此本文是以聂以曼公式进行求解。
平面旋转机构虽然在旋转时圆心位置有角度偏差,但两个线圈的面在空间位置仍然相对平行。建立直角坐标系,如图2所示。
线圈1在x1-y1平面上,线圈2平面投影在x2-y2平面上,线圈1的圆心O1设在坐标原点上,线圈2的圆心O2x1-y1平面距离为d,两个线圈半径分别为r1r2,匝数为n1n2,每一匝线圈长度为l1l2I1dI1I2dI2分别线圈1和线圈2上某一点的电流元,α1I1dI1x1轴夹角,α2I2dI2x2轴的夹角。接收线圈的圆心在半径为R的圆上做圆周运动,旋转角度为θR1为线圈1的圆心到线圈2的圆心的距离。
根据聂以曼公式,平行线圈的互感公式为
M=μ0n1n24πl1l2dl1·dl2r'
式中:μ0为真空磁导率,μ0=4π×10-7 H/m。
推出互感公式为
M(θ)=μ0n1n24π02π02πr1r2cos(α1-α2)dα1dα2r'
其中
r'=|r1-r|=τ12+τ22
τ1=r1cosα1+2Rsinθ2sinπ-θ2-r2cosα2
τ2=r1sinα1-2Rsinθ2cosπ-θ2-r2sinα2
接收线圈2在半径为R的圆周上运动,因此旋转角度和时间的关系如下:
θ=πnt60
式中:n为旋转机构的转速。
将式(6)代入式(4)和式(5)得到:
τ1=r1cosα1+Rsinπnt60-r2cosα2
τ2=r1sinα1+cosπnt60-r2sinα2-R
考虑到文献[7]所述,当发射线圈紧密排列在平面并且线圈电流相同时,会导致发射线圈磁场能量削弱,接收线圈旋转路径上能耦合到的磁场能量减少,也会导致接收线圈上动态电动势频率变化,匹配不了系统频率,继而输出电压达不到要求。为了避免此现象,要求4个发射线圈保持一定的距离,使得两两线圈不会发生互感影响。这样一来,即使平面机构在旋转,每个接收线圈在旋转时也只和两个相邻发射线圈产生互感影响。
接收平面旋转时,如果只是用1个接收线圈,可能会存在与4个发射线圈对不准的状态,使得大部分磁场能量耦合不到接收线圈,降低了输出电压以及系统的输出功率。因此考虑使用2个接收线圈,在其中一个线圈对不准的状态,使另一个线圈完全对准。如图3所示,保证了每个周期都会有较大的磁场能量传输,提高了互感系数。
图3中,4个发射线圈之间和2个接收线圈之间都使用串联结构。接收线圈每旋转1/4个圆周为1个变化周期,因此下述公式仅考虑θ在0°~90°的范围,由式(1)~式(8)可以推出四发射线圈和两接收线圈的互感表达式:
M=M(θ)+M(θ+π4)+M(θ-π4)+M(θ-π2)
系统的电路模型如图4所示,其中,Ui为直流电压源;Ci为输入侧滤波电容;S1~S4为4个MOSFET组成的有源全桥;谐振电感L1与谐振电容C1、电容C2构成发射端LCC型谐振网络;Lp1~Lp4为一次侧4个发射线圈自感;Ls1~Ls2为二次侧接收线圈自感;谐振电感Ls(Ls1和Ls2的电感之和)与谐振电容C3构成S型接收端谐振网络;D1~D4组成无源整流桥;C0为输出滤波电容;R0为输出纯阻性负载;U1为逆变桥输出电压;U0为输出负载上的直流电压;I1I2I3分别为逆变桥输出电流、发射线圈发射电流、接收线圈电流。
为了便于分析,不考虑逆变桥输出端的谐波电压分量,只考虑基波频率Ui1有效值电压,并且令输入电压初始相位为0得到:
Ui1=22πUi0°
将整流桥及其后侧的纯阻性负载电路等效成一个电阻,如图4所示,右侧虚线部分等效成一个电阻,阻值大小为
Re=8π2R0
由式(9)~式(11)并考虑寄生电阻的影响,化简电路如图5所示。
图5中,发射线圈、接收线圈自感计算如下:
Lp=Lp1+Lp2+Lp3+Lp4
Ls=Ls1+Ls2
接收端输入阻抗为
Zs=jωLs+1jωC3+Re+Rs
发射端等效到接收端的反射阻抗为
Zs'=(ωM)2Zs
所以,由上述推导得到接收端电路折算到一次侧的等效电路,如图6所示。
利用网孔分析法,列写方程组:
(jωL1+1jωC1+R1)I1'-1jωC1I2'=Ui1-1jωC1I1'+(1jωC1+1jωC2+jωLp+Rp+Zs')I2'=0
解方程组得到逆变桥输入电流I1和发射端电流I2

I1=Ui1(1jωC1+1jωC2+jωLp+Rp+Zs')(jωL1+1jωC1+R1)(1jωC1+1jωC2+jωLp+Rp+Zs')-(-1jωC1)2I2=Ui11jωC1(jωL1+1jωC1+R1)(1jωC1+1jωC2+jωLp+Rp+Zs')-(-1jωC1)2

由式(17)发现,当互感系数和输出负载发生变化时,输入电流与发射端电流也会发生变换。为了使发射端电流I2不受互感值和输出负载的影响,需要提升输入端的品质因数,降低输入电感L1的寄生电阻以及使电路发生谐振,满足如下条件:
ωL1=1ωC1ωLp-1ωC2=1ωC1ωLs=1ωC3LpL1
将式(18)代入式(17)中,化简得:
I1=Ui1/R11+Q1ωL1I2=Ui1Q1j(1+Q1ωL1)
其中

Q1=ωL1R1(Rp+Zs')

式中:Q1为品质因数。
当品质因数Q1足够大时,式(19)可化简为
I1=Ui1(Rp+Zs')(ωL1)2I2=Ui1jωL1
由式(20)发现,发射端电流I2不再受互感值和输出负载的影响,输入电压Ui1和输入电流I1是零相位的,即输入阻抗为纯阻性,实现了输入端单位功率因数,且满足如下式:
Zi1=(ωL1)2Rp+Zs'
此时,二次侧等效的输入电压也不受负载大小的影响,二次侧等效电路如图7所示。
二次侧等效的输入电压为
Ui2=jωMI1=MUi1L1
由于Ls和C3发生谐振,所以负载输出电压为
Ue=Ui2ReRe+Rs=MUi1L1ReRe+Rs
当品质因数Q1足够大并且Re>>Rs时,根据式(23),负载输出端电压与负载大小无关,电压与电流为单位功率因数,且负载电压大小只受输入电压Ui1、互感值M、输入电感L1大小的影响。本文电压和电感是固定的,互感值的平滑在前文已通过改变线圈空间结构来实现,因此系统的稳定性也大大地提高了。
考虑到无线供电系统品质因数Q1都比较大,计算系统的输出功率和效率可以用式(20)~式(22)。
系统的输出功率为
P0=Ue2Re=[MUi1L1(Re+Rs)]2Re
系统的输入功率为
Pi=Ui1I1=Ui12[Rp(Re+Rs)+(ωM)2](ωL1)2(Re+Rs)
系统的效率为
η=P0Pi×100%=(ωM)2Re×100%(Re+Rs)[Rp(Re+Rs)+(ωM)2]
由于输出电阻Re>>Rs,所以Re+Rs=Re,且RpRs≈0,推导出系统效率表达式如下:
η=P0Pi×100%=(ωM)2×100%[RpRe+(ωM)2]
由效率的表达式可知,当发射线圈寄生电阻和输出负载电阻不变,互感值和系统角频率越大,效率越高。当互感值和系统角频率不变,发射线圈寄生电阻和输出负载电阻越小,效率越高。在参数设计时,由于发射线圈寄生电阻不方便调整,可以考虑从互感值、角频率以及负载等效输出电阻出发。
本文采用4个静止的发射线圈和2个旋转的接收线圈各自串联组成磁场耦合部分,给出耦合机构所需模型参数如下:4个发射线圈匝数n1=10 匝;2个接收线圈匝数n2=20 匝;4个发射线圈半径r1=0.05 m;2个接收线圈半径r2=0.075 m;接收线圈旋转半径R=0.125 m;平面旋转半径R2=0.175 m;发射-接收同轴距离d=0.05 m;接收平面转速n=50 r/min。
其中等效互感表达式如式(9)所示,将上述数据用Maxwell进行旋转角度为0°~360°仿真并用Matlab处理仿真数据。
图8为四发射线圈和单接收线圈的仿真图,发现在45°时,互感值非常小,整体波动也相对较大。增加一个接收线圈作为补偿,仿真结果如图9所示,互感值波动相对较小,且稳定在4 μH,大大增强了系统的稳定性。
对上述搭建的电路进行仿真,其中仿真参数如下:输入直流电压Ui=32.5 V;输入谐振电感L1=11 mH;4个发射线圈电感Lp=32 mH;2个接收线圈电感Ls=56 mH;输入谐振电容C1=65 nF;发射谐振电容C2=32 nF;接收谐振电容C3=11 nF;系统工作频率f=200 kHz;互感值M=3.97 mH;负载电阻R0=10 Ω;接收线圈寄生电阻Rs=0.18 Ω;发射线圈寄生电阻Rp=0.52 Ω;输入寄生电阻R1=0.2 Ω。
由于旋转机构在电路仿真不易实现,但是互感值随角度或者时间变化是已知的,可选取系统工作频率远大于平面旋转角频率,这样系统的调节时间也相对非常快,因此可用固定互感值进行闭环电路仿真。由于系统的对称性,所以只需要记录0°~90°的角度数据。
图10图11分别为单接收线圈和双接收线圈的输出电压、输出功率以及输出效率曲线。对比仿真结果,在新增一个补偿接收线圈后,系统的输出电压、功率、效率都有着明显提高,且相对稳定。
根据耦合机构和仿真思路的模型参数搭建实验平台,如图12所示,从左往右依次为:接收系统(负载、谐振电容、数据存储电路)、磁场耦合部分(发射与接收线圈)、发射系统(LCC拓扑、逆变桥)。
由于旋转接收平面对称,记录0°~90°的实验数据如图13所示。
图13中,发现实验数据要比图11所示的仿真数据低一些,但整体趋势相对保持一致。
图14的实验结果表明,电压最大达到6.14 V,输出功率以及效率根据式(24)~式(27)计算得到,功率最大为4.64 W,效率最大为55.6%,且在角度变化时,三者的幅度变化相比,单接收线圈幅度变化更加稳定。
本文分别对线圈的空间结构和谐振电路的补偿进行了设计,并推导了互感值随角度、时间变化的表达式以及LCC/S型电路输出电压、功率、效率的表达式。在线圈结构部分,采用4个发射线圈和2个接收线圈平滑互感值的波动并且也增加了互感值的大小。在谐振电路补偿部分,采用LCC/S型电路补偿,保证了发射端电流不受互感值影响,输出电压与负载大小无关,提高了系统的抗偏移性。实验通过对比1个接收线圈和2个接收线圈的数据,得出结论:在增加一个补偿线圈后,系统的平稳性、功率效率都有着明显的提高,为监测装置稳定性提供了保障。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52275492)
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doi: 10.19457/j.1001-2095.dqcd25209
  • 接收时间:2023-06-28
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-28
  • 修回日期:2023-10-21
基金
国家自然科学基金(52275492)
作者信息
    南京航空航天大学 机电学院,江苏 南京 210001
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