Article(id=1241784307090522292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241715181215068175, issueId=1241784304989175988, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6052/1672-6553-2025-053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735315200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-28, revisedDate=1744646400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994050046, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994050046, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994050046, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994050046, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241784304989175988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241715181215068175, year='2025', volume='23', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994049546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994239413, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241785101412012589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241715181215068175, issueId=1241784304989175988, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241785101412012590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241715181215068175, issueId=1241784304989175988, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=61, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241784307610615993, articleId=1241784307090522292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241715181215068175, language=EN, title=Topology Optimization for Vibration and Noise Reduction of Stiffened Thin Plate Structures, columnId=1241784307421872311, journalTitle=Journal of Dynamics and Control, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Low- and medium-frequency noise induces vibrations to the cabin structure, which subsequently radiates noise into the interior. In order to solve the vibration and noise optimization problem of stiffened thin plates, this study employs topology optimization to enhance the vibration and noise reduction effects by optimizing the layout of stiffeners. This study focuses on four-edge clamped stiffened thin plates and employs density-based topology optimization method to maximize its first-order modal frequency. Under the constraint of constant mass, the optimal distribution of stiffeners on the plate is designed. Modal, stiffness, and sound transmission loss analyses are conducted for the stiffened thin plate before and after optimization. The results show that the optimized stiffened plate achieves an increase in its first-order modal frequency and improves sound transmission loss within a certain frequency range, without significantly reducing the overall stiffness.

, correspAuthors=Minqiang Shao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei Hu, Yuqi Sun, Jintao Zhang, Jialiang Sun, Minqiang Shao), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241784313776242954, articleId=1241784307090522292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241715181215068175, language=CN, title=面向薄板结构减振降噪加强筋拓扑优化设计, columnId=1241784307690307771, journalTitle=动力学与控制学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

中低频噪声通过传递振动至舱体将噪声辐射至舱内,针对加强筋薄板的振动及噪声优化问题,提出了通过优化薄板上加强筋布局来提高其减振降噪效果的方法.本文以四边固支的加强筋薄板为研究对象,基于拓扑优化变密度法,对加强筋薄板的一阶模态频率进行优化.在保持优化前后加强筋薄板质量不变的条件下,设计了薄板上加强筋的最优分布,并对优化前后的加筋薄板进行模态、刚度、隔声量分析.结果表明:优化后的加强筋薄板在未明显降低总体刚度的情况下,提升了其一阶模态频率,并提升了加强筋薄板在一定频率范围内的隔声量.

, correspAuthors=邵敏强, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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Material parameters of the thin plate structure

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弹性模量/MPa泊松比密度/(kg·m-3
7×1040.32100
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加强筋薄板结构材料参数

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弹性模量/MPa泊松比密度/(kg·m-3
7×1040.32100
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面向薄板结构减振降噪加强筋拓扑优化设计
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胡磊 1 , 孙玉奇 1 , 张锦涛 2 , 孙加亮 2 , 邵敏强 2,
动力学与控制学报 | 研究论文 2025,23(10): 61-67
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动力学与控制学报 | 研究论文 2025, 23(10): 61-67
面向薄板结构减振降噪加强筋拓扑优化设计
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胡磊1, 孙玉奇1, 张锦涛2, 孙加亮2, 邵敏强2,
作者信息
  • 1.沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳 110035
  • 2.南京航空航天大学 航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,南京 210016

通讯作者:

Topology Optimization for Vibration and Noise Reduction of Stiffened Thin Plate Structures
Lei Hu1, Yuqi Sun1, Jintao Zhang2, Jialiang Sun2, Minqiang Shao2,
Affiliations
  • 1. Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shenyang 110035, China
  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
doi: 10.6052/1672-6553-2025-053
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中低频噪声通过传递振动至舱体将噪声辐射至舱内,针对加强筋薄板的振动及噪声优化问题,提出了通过优化薄板上加强筋布局来提高其减振降噪效果的方法.本文以四边固支的加强筋薄板为研究对象,基于拓扑优化变密度法,对加强筋薄板的一阶模态频率进行优化.在保持优化前后加强筋薄板质量不变的条件下,设计了薄板上加强筋的最优分布,并对优化前后的加筋薄板进行模态、刚度、隔声量分析.结果表明:优化后的加强筋薄板在未明显降低总体刚度的情况下,提升了其一阶模态频率,并提升了加强筋薄板在一定频率范围内的隔声量.

加强筋薄板  /  拓扑优化  /  模态频率  /  隔声量

Low- and medium-frequency noise induces vibrations to the cabin structure, which subsequently radiates noise into the interior. In order to solve the vibration and noise optimization problem of stiffened thin plates, this study employs topology optimization to enhance the vibration and noise reduction effects by optimizing the layout of stiffeners. This study focuses on four-edge clamped stiffened thin plates and employs density-based topology optimization method to maximize its first-order modal frequency. Under the constraint of constant mass, the optimal distribution of stiffeners on the plate is designed. Modal, stiffness, and sound transmission loss analyses are conducted for the stiffened thin plate before and after optimization. The results show that the optimized stiffened plate achieves an increase in its first-order modal frequency and improves sound transmission loss within a certain frequency range, without significantly reducing the overall stiffness.

stiffened thin plate  /  topology optimization  /  modal frequency  /  sound transmission loss
胡磊, 孙玉奇, 张锦涛, 孙加亮, 邵敏强. 面向薄板结构减振降噪加强筋拓扑优化设计. 动力学与控制学报, 2025 , 23 (10) : 61 -67 . DOI: 10.6052/1672-6553-2025-053
Lei Hu, Yuqi Sun, Jintao Zhang, Jialiang Sun, Minqiang Shao. Topology Optimization for Vibration and Noise Reduction of Stiffened Thin Plate Structures[J]. Journal of Dynamics and Control, 2025 , 23 (10) : 61 -67 . DOI: 10.6052/1672-6553-2025-053
加强筋薄板具有质量轻、强度高、承载能力强等特点,广泛应用于许多大型结构中,如船舶、汽车、直升机等.加强筋的分布极大地影响着加强筋薄板的强度,工程中通常根据经验设计加强筋板,难以发挥出最大的力学性能.由加强筋薄板构成的封闭或半封闭空间广泛存在于实际工程当中,如飞机座舱、轮船舱室等,中低频噪声主要是通过传递振动至舱体并由此辐射噪声至舱内[1],因此加强筋薄板的固有频率、振型、阻尼等模态参数对舱内噪声的形成起着重要作用.
拓扑优化经过三十余年的发展与完善,已经开始广泛应用于工程设计当中,国内外学者对薄板结构加强筋的分布进行了大量优化研究.张德慧等[2]基于自适应成长法对薄壁结构的加强筋布局进行了拓扑优化,优化后的加筋薄板提升了一阶模态频率,但该方法受初始设计和种子点的影响较大.Hu等[3]提出了一种改进的自适应成长法,实现了以最大化固有频率为目标,在三维箱型结构内部进行加强筋优化设计,通过材料插值的方式,内部加强筋可以快速有效地生长、退化或分叉.该方法简单高效,得到的优化结果形态清晰,不需要进行后处理就能得到加强筋布局.Xiao等[4]提出了一种基于叶脉生长的仿生拓扑优化方法,根据加强筋的厚度,采用多项式材料插值方法对加强筋的材料属性进行惩罚,与使用传统简易各向同性材料惩罚模型(simplified isotropic material with penalization,SIMP)方法得到的结果相比,通过该方法得到的汽车车门内板一阶模态频率提升幅度更大.张锦涛等[5]对叶片结构空腔内的腹板布局进行了拓扑优化,并通过仿真与实验对优化结果进行了验证,优化后的叶片结构前四阶模态频率得到显著提升,有效避免了其因低频共振引发呼吸振动导致的结构破坏.蔡安江等[6]基于变密度法得到了平模台振的加强筋合理布局,并且通过拓扑优化结果的截面形状确定了加强筋的截面,所得到的结果在提高了结构固有频率、强度和刚度的同时实现了结构轻量化.
胡彪彪等[7]通过变密度法对民用压力舱体进行多目标拓扑优化,通过优化后的舱体的单元密度图确定其薄弱区域,对舱体加强筋结构重新布局,实现了结构轻量化的同时提高了舱体前三阶固有频率.刘海等[8]使用梁单元在箱体表面上设置基结构,基于变密度法以梁单元的相对密度为设计变量,得到了简谐激励下加强筋的位置,取得了一定的降噪效果.戴大力等[9]提出了一种自适应成长的板壳结构加强筋布局设计方法,针对结构刚度及声辐射进行优化,相较传统井字或米字型加强筋布局,在200 Hz处声辐射下降了5 dB,具有更好的降噪效果.
座舱内的噪声控制非常重要,特别是减少舱内的中低频噪声,而中低频噪声通常是座舱壁板的振动将噪声辐射至舱内产生,当外部激励的频率接近座舱壁板的固有频率时,壁板发生共振,使得舱内噪声放大,因此座舱壁板的固有频率等模态参数对舱内噪声的形成起着重要作用.本文针对典型座舱的加强筋壁板结构开展拓扑优化设计,在不考虑阻尼的情况下以一阶模态频率最大化为拓扑优化目标,对壁板结构的加强筋布局进行最优化设计,在不增加加强筋体积的基础上,改变加强筋壁板的刚度和质量分布,提升固有频率,实现减振降噪的目的.
连续体拓扑优化是一种在给定边界条件、优化目标和约束的情况下对指定区域的材料分布进行优化的方法.本文采用变密度法对薄板的加强筋进行拓扑优化,将每个单元的相对密度作为优化过程的设计变量,并建立相对密度与材料弹性模量之间的关系,通过改变设计变量的大小实现对优化目标的调整.单元的相对密度取值在0~1之间,根据其取值对应有以下三种情况:
式中,xi为第i个单元的相对密度.
以加强筋薄板结构的一阶模态频率最大化为优化目标,体积分数为约束条件,单元相对密度作为设计变量,建立的拓扑优化数学模型如下[10]
式中,ω1为第一阶模态频率,ω是系统的固有频率,Z为模态振型,K为系统的刚度矩阵,M为系统的质量矩阵;Vi为第i个单元体积,V0为所有单元的体积,f为设置的体积分数.
本文采用的SIMP材料插值模型拓扑优化法通过引入惩罚因子,使设计变量趋向0或1,提高优化过程的0~1收敛性.SIMP材料插值模型的系统刚度矩阵表达式为[11]
式中,K为系统的刚度矩阵,Ki为单元的初始刚度矩阵,Emin为一个极小值,防止优化过程中刚度矩阵出现奇异,E0为单元材料的弹性模量,p为惩罚因子,SIMP变密度法通过对中间密度进行惩罚,使设计变量趋近于0或1,从而消除优化中的灰度区域,得到清晰的拓扑结果.若惩罚因子取值较小,可能会导致对中间密度的惩罚不足,得到模糊的拓扑结果;当惩罚因子过大,则可能导致棋盘格现象、数值振荡或不收敛.通过比较不同惩罚因子p下的优化结果以及参考其他学者的工作,取p=3.
通常在求解结构模态频率时容易在低密度区域产生局部模态,影响拓扑优化的准确性.为避免局部模态影响优化结果,需要对低密度区域的单元进行惩罚[12],使这些单元的相对密度趋近于0,此时系统的质量矩阵如下所示:
拓扑优化过程中需要进行灵敏度分析,评估设计变量对目标函数的贡献从而对设计变量进行更新.将目标函数对设计变量求偏导,由式(2)~(4)得到目标函数对设计变量的灵敏度如下所示[5]
拓扑优化求解的一般流程如图1所示,首先对需要优化的结构建立有限元模型,在确定好优化目标及体积分数,本文对薄板的加强筋布局进行拓扑优化,为得到具有良好参考价值的材料分布,需要额外施加拔模约束与尺寸约束.随后对结构进行有限元分析,得到加筋板的一阶模态频率,在灵敏度分析后更新设计变量.当前后两次目标值的差值小于收敛容差时,优化收敛,对优化结果几何重构之后便可以得到最终的优化结果.
本文针对典型加强筋薄板结构,利用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench进行振动特性拓扑优化设计,目标为在保持优化前后加强筋体积与横截面不变的条件下对加强筋的布局进行最优设计,实现加强筋薄板的基频最大化.
典型加强筋薄板如图2(a)所示,薄板长为301.49 mm,宽为388 mm,厚度为0.5 mm,薄板上布置有L型加强筋,加强筋的厚度b为2.5 mm,高度h为14 mm,加强筋体积为薄板体积的2倍.由于加强筋的横截面已经确定,因此设置设计域厚度为14 mm.设计域采用5 mm六面体网格划分,底部薄板厚度较小,抽取中面后用5 mm壳单元划分,网格总数为24648,如图2(b)所示.薄板与加强筋材料均为铝,主要参数如表1所示.薄板四周边界固定约束,对图2(b)结构进行模态分析,得到一阶模态振型如图3所示.
为防止优化后的材料分布出现脱离薄板的孔洞,对设计域施加拔模约束,实现薄板的起筋效果,同时施加20 mm的最大尺寸约束防止优化后的结果出现材料的堆积,薄板为轴对称的矩形,对设计域施加对称约束,使得优化出来的结构沿两个对称面对称.ANSYS中无法实现对拓扑结构截面的精确控制,本文通过控制拓扑结构高度和宽度,确定加强筋的最优分布,根据优化后的结果进行L型加强筋薄板模型重构.因此根据优化前加强筋底面面积,即加强筋总长度与高度的乘积,设置体积分数为20%.
以薄板结构的第一阶模态频率最大化为目标函数,单元密度为设计变量,定义惩罚因子p为3,最小单元密度为1×10-6,目标函数的收敛容差比设置为1×10-6,即拓扑优化会在两次迭代的目标值相差小于1×10-6时优化终止.
薄板结构频率拓扑优化结果及迭代过程曲线如图4所示,优化经过187次迭代完成,体积收敛速度较快,目标函数值在经过长时间缓慢增长后出现小幅度下降,最后趋于平稳,满足1×10-6的收敛容差结束拓扑优化.图4(a)中灰色为薄板,棕色为优化后的加强筋.优化结果呈现出网格状,对比图3可以发现,优化结果基本“包围”了一阶模态振型的最大变形处,表明优化过程中未发生模态转移.
根据实际需求,需要保持优化前后加强筋板的加强筋截面形状和体积不变,因此,以图4(a)所示拓扑优化结果作为参考,确定加强筋的位置,得到最终加强筋布局设计如图5所示.优化前薄板的加强筋体积为144.02×103 mm3,优化后的加强筋体积为148.19×103 mm3,体积误差为2.89%.
图2(a)所示的典型加强筋薄板结构和图5所示优化后加强筋薄板进行模态分析,两者均为四边固支,得到一阶模态如图6所示.
优化前加强筋薄板的一阶模态频率为291.77 Hz,优化后的一阶模态频率为310.7 Hz,提升了6.48%.
与其他降噪结构相比,加强筋薄板具有承载-降噪一体化的优点,因此对优化前后的加强筋薄板进行静刚度对比.延续模态分析中加强筋薄板的边界条件,即四边固支,在薄板未布置加强筋的一面施加垂直于薄板的均布压力,大小为1×103kPa,得到优化前后加强筋薄板的变形如图7所示.
优化后的加强筋薄板最大位移为0.24146 mm,大于优化前的0.10578 mm,通过对比图7(a)和(b)发现,由于优化后的加强筋分布相对优化前更集中,因此薄板的四个角落与中心处的变形更大,其余部分的变形小于优化前.对优化前后加强筋薄板的平均变形进行统计,优化前为3.96×10-2 mm,优化后为4.08×10-2 mm,略大于优化前.
通过有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics对优化前后的加强筋薄板结构进行隔声量分析,仿真所用模型如图8所示,薄板两侧均有空气域,加强筋侧的设置为入射声场,另一侧设置为透射声场.将空气域两端的入射平面和透射平面设置平面波辐射,入射压力幅值为1 Pa,加强筋薄板仍为四边固支,计算的频率范围为20~2000 Hz,步长为20 Hz.划分网格时,网格最大值不大于波长的1/6.
加强筋薄板结构的隔声量计算公式为[13]
式中,Win表示入射声功率,Wout表示透射声功率,计算公式分别为:
式中,p0表示入射声压,pt表示透射声压,ρ0c0分别表示气体密度和声速.
优化前后加强筋薄板结构的隔声量如图9所示.当噪声的频率小于加强筋薄板的一阶模态频率时,优化后的加筋板隔声量高于优化前,提升幅度为2~4 dB;且由于提高了加强筋薄板的一阶模态频率,优化后的加筋板隔声量谷值对应的声波频率相较于优化前更高.在1000~2000 Hz范围内,优化后的加强筋薄板隔声量相较于优化前有明显提升,平均提升幅度为10.68 dB.
加强筋薄板作为飞机座舱、轮船舱室等结构的关键部件,在工作过程中受中低频噪声作用将噪声辐射至舱内,加强筋的布局对薄板振动及舱内噪声有着重要影响.
(1)利用变密度拓扑优化方法改进薄板结构的加强筋布局,并通过对低密度区域的单元质量进行惩罚,防止频率拓扑优化过程中出现局部模态.据拓扑优化结果得到优化后的加强筋薄板,提升了其一阶模态频率,同时加强筋薄板的刚度并未明显降低.
(2)对优化前后加筋板的隔声量进行了分析,结果表明:优化后的加强筋薄板在噪声频率小于一阶模态频率时隔声量相较优化前有一定提升,提升幅度为2~4 dB;在1000~2000 Hz的中频噪声下隔声量有显著提升,平均提升了10.68 dB.
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2025年第23卷第10期
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doi: 10.6052/1672-6553-2025-053
  • 接收时间:2024-12-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-28
  • 修回日期:2025-04-15
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(12372042)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372042)
作者信息
    1.沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳 110035
    2.南京航空航天大学 航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,南京 210016

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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