Article(id=1195437523934691590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1195437520126260033, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240786, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715616000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-14, revisedDate=1717344000000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762944115860, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762944115860, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762944115860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762944115860, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195437520126260033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, year='2025', volume='40', issue='10', pageStart='3013', pageEnd='3338', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762944114953, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764237254519, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200861340710596791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1195437520126260033, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200861340710596792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1195437520126260033, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3326, endPage=3338, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195437524266041608, articleId=1195437523934691590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, language=EN, title=Research on Fire Risk of Low Voltage AC Series Fault Arc Based on Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The low-voltage power supply and distribution system is directly connected to the user at the end of the power system. Its wide distribution, diverse applications, and complex structure make overhauling difficult and lack safety maintenance. Due to its negative resistance characteristics, the series arc can decrease line current, exhibiting high concealment of fault characteristics. It is a loophole in traditional relay protection methods. The series arc fault can produce high temperatures in a short time, which can cause a fire very quickly. The temperature characteristics of AC fault arcs have not been thoroughly studied, the development process and influencing factors of fault arc temperature are not apparent, and the mechanism of arc ignition and disaster needs to be clarified. This paper builds a real experimental platform for arc ignition, constructs a numerical simulation model of AC arc fault based on magnetohydrodynamics, verifies the temperature characteristics of arc fault through simulation and experiment, clarifies the ignition mechanism of arc fault, and puts forward suggestions for the improvement of relevant standards.
Firstly, based on the IEC 62606 standard, combined with a temperature acquisition device, an experimental platform for arc fault ignition risk is built to simulate arc faults. The current, voltage, temperature, and thermal imaging images are collected. Secondly, the physical characteristics of AC fault arc and related test standards are analyzed, and a complete set of fault arc simulation schemes is designed. Thirdly, the control equation, calculation domain, and boundary conditions of the arc fault magnetohydrodynamic simulation model are defined, the material parameters are designed, and the division of the simulation grid is refined. Finally, by analyzing the simulation model's calculation results, the fault arc's temperature characteristics are obtained, and experiments verify the simulation results.
The simulation results show that the temperature of the AC fault arc increases periodically, and the maximum temperature of the arc appears near the instantaneous peak value of the current. At this time, the influence range of arc temperature also increases significantly. The arc temperature is a cumulative process but develops rapidly in half an AC cycle. The arc current level and arc gap distance are the main factors influencing the maximum temperature of the arc, and the current level plays a decisive role in directly affecting the severity of the arc fire risk. The maximum temperature of the arc increases linearly with the current level below the 32 A current level, and the maximum temperature growth rate slows down after the 32 A current level.
The existing arc fault product standards can effectively limit the maximum temperature of arc fault and the influence range of arc temperature. However, even in the time specified in the standard, the arc center temperature can still reach more than one thousand degrees. Therefore, the standard can be improved by limiting the influence range of arc temperature to reduce the fire risk. Low current arc ignition ability cannot be ignored. The current level range covered by the relevant standards should be expanded, and the maximum removal time of 1 A and 2 A current level arc faults is recommended to be 3 s and 1.5 s, respectively. The standard action characteristic requirements should be refined to prevent arc fault hazards and reduce electrical fires comprehensively.
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低压供配电系统直接与用户相连,庞大且复杂的结构导致其维护检修欠缺,是电气火灾的重灾区。低压交流串联故障电弧具有负阻特性,传统继电保护难以检测,其可在短时间内产生高温,引发火灾速度极快。因此,该文搭建交流故障电弧致火风险实验平台,分析交流故障电弧物理特性;构建磁流体动力学故障电弧仿真模型,研究电弧起始阶段和稳定阶段下的温度发展过程和影响因素,并结合现有标准分析了规定动作时间范围内的故障电弧潜在危害。通过实验验证了仿真模型在电弧最高温度、周围温度和电极温度上的可靠性,并直观展示了小电流故障电弧的危害性。该文研究表明,交流故障电弧温度随电流瞬时值呈周期性发展,电流等级和弧隙距离是主要的影响因素,其中电流等级起决定作用。32 A电流等级以下电弧最高温度随电流值近似呈线性增长,32 A以上增速明显放缓。1 A及2 A小电流等级下故障电弧也具备引燃能力,适当的安全距离和严格的切除时间是限制故障电弧致火风险的有效手段。
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, authorsList=盛德杰, 王尧, 邢云琪, 于敬涛, 包志舟)}, authors=[Author(id=1200881533625267167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=shengdejie2023@stu.hebut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200881533788845033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, authorId=1200881533625267167, language=EN, stringName=Dejie Sheng, firstName=Dejie, middleName=null, lastName=Sheng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 State Key Laboratory of Intelligence Power Distribution and System Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200881533960811508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, authorId=1200881533625267167, language=CN, stringName=盛德杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 智能配用电装备与系统全国重点实验室(河北工业大学) 天津 300401, bio={"content":"
盛德杰 男,1998年生,博士研究生,研究方向为故障电弧理论及检测技术、低压电气火灾防护。E-mail: shengdejie2023@stu.hebut.edu.cn
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盛德杰 男,1998年生,博士研究生,研究方向为故障电弧理论及检测技术、低压电气火灾防护。E-mail: shengdejie2023@stu.hebut.edu.cn
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1 State Key Laboratory of Intelligence Power Distribution and System Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200881534397018126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, authorId=1200881534061474813, language=CN, stringName=王尧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 State Key Laboratory of Intelligence Power Distribution and System Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
2 Zhejiang PEOPLE Electric Appliance Co. Ltd Wenzhou 325600 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200881534891946024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, authorId=1200881534535430167, language=CN, stringName=邢云琪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 智能配用电装备与系统全国重点实验室(河北工业大学) 天津 300401
2 人民电器集团有限公司 温州 325600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200881533331665862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200881533340054471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, companyId=1200881533331665862, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 State Key Laboratory of Intelligence Power Distribution and System Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200881533361025992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, companyId=1200881533331665862, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 人民电器集团有限公司 温州 325600)])]), Author(id=1200881535110049846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200881535223296063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, authorId=1200881535110049846, language=EN, stringName=Jingtao Yu, firstName=Jingtao, middleName=null, lastName=Yu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 State Key Laboratory of Intelligence Power Distribution and System Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200881536376729673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, authorId=1200881535110049846, language=CN, stringName=于敬涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 智能配用电装备与系统全国重点实验室(河北工业大学) 天津 300401, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200881533331665862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200881533340054471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, companyId=1200881533331665862, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 State Key Laboratory of Intelligence Power Distribution and System Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200881533361025992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, companyId=1200881533331665862, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 Zhejiang PEOPLE Electric Appliance Co. Ltd Wenzhou 325600 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200881536770994284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, authorId=1200881536527724628, language=CN, stringName=包志舟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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AC arc fault volt-ampere characteristics curves, figureFileSmall=1EcUQwntu6Dnu0Hhh4Pfvw==, figureFileBig=+RPON56JBdRmu2+0fjsZKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881539564400897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
交流故障电弧伏安特性曲线, figureFileSmall=1EcUQwntu6Dnu0Hhh4Pfvw==, figureFileBig=+RPON56JBdRmu2+0fjsZKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881539719590153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Simulation experiment model and model boundary, figureFileSmall=gzLeLLJTNu1+u1P2lZdczg==, figureFileBig=o4RsCLjSY9Tna/UgxBhA1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881540898189585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
电弧仿真模型计算域及模型边界, figureFileSmall=gzLeLLJTNu1+u1P2lZdczg==, figureFileBig=o4RsCLjSY9Tna/UgxBhA1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881541044990232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Arc and temperature distribution simulation results, figureFileSmall=Z9SrHq9uYN7ZFBycEuVJVQ==, figureFileBig=GT+q9A5YaDG7SWDwSG3uNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881541187596576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
电弧及温度分布仿真结果, figureFileSmall=Z9SrHq9uYN7ZFBycEuVJVQ==, figureFileBig=GT+q9A5YaDG7SWDwSG3uNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881541279871268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Arc temperature development simulation results, figureFileSmall=ZlM4ncOWTbanDgratkO85g==, figureFileBig=0/B94oamCTatxFB8/JoJNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881541422477612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
电弧温度发展仿真结果, figureFileSmall=ZlM4ncOWTbanDgratkO85g==, figureFileBig=0/B94oamCTatxFB8/JoJNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881541544112433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Maximum arc temperature at different current levels and different arc gap distances, figureFileSmall=ayegvcuIVWxwC+5biNbdwg==, figureFileBig=UUMNOuoieSR2J3xnwxBv4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881541724467514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同电流等级和不同弧隙距离下的电弧最高温度, figureFileSmall=ayegvcuIVWxwC+5biNbdwg==, figureFileBig=UUMNOuoieSR2J3xnwxBv4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881541913211204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Arc maximum temperature fitting curves, figureFileSmall=Nec7PzP87eC928P1u83bTQ==, figureFileBig=rsADhVVPmuRfIuRvjuwyag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881542072594765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
电弧最高温度拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=Nec7PzP87eC928P1u83bTQ==, figureFileBig=rsADhVVPmuRfIuRvjuwyag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881542244561238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Comparison of arc temperature range, figureFileSmall=c7LV3gsiwHPdtwMzhvULsQ==, figureFileBig=Lg1/R6SnMQQ4Gpco7rizDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881542479442274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
电弧温度范围对比, figureFileSmall=c7LV3gsiwHPdtwMzhvULsQ==, figureFileBig=Lg1/R6SnMQQ4Gpco7rizDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881542601077100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Electrode temperature simulation results, figureFileSmall=9fgVXB38uF83af8yNOaoQg==, figureFileBig=54jW/T+l5dzqGVCkPbY1Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881542756266356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
电极温度仿真结果, figureFileSmall=9fgVXB38uF83af8yNOaoQg==, figureFileBig=54jW/T+l5dzqGVCkPbY1Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881542886289790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Simulation results of arc fault under the time specified by IEC standard, figureFileSmall=2U6oudVSwyfWNxW25GJ8Zg==, figureFileBig=ezmxHk8LiOGxWOVb/Hv8SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881543112782218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
IEC标准规定时间下的故障电弧仿真结果, figureFileSmall=2U6oudVSwyfWNxW25GJ8Zg==, figureFileBig=ezmxHk8LiOGxWOVb/Hv8SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881543238611346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Validation of arc fault equivalent power, figureFileSmall=T7C1/58hSYCYk8leGMaI7A==, figureFileBig=t8Hl3crUALzBoe3UD9e/lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881543423160735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
等效功率验证故障电弧最高温度, figureFileSmall=T7C1/58hSYCYk8leGMaI7A==, figureFileBig=t8Hl3crUALzBoe3UD9e/lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881543532212646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Arc fault temperature at different distances, figureFileSmall=KbGTOHEKQUZmOyqWXIQLSg==, figureFileBig=Mt0oQgjUOlMqIXxTFepwGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881543708373425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
不同距离下的故障电弧温度, figureFileSmall=KbGTOHEKQUZmOyqWXIQLSg==, figureFileBig=Mt0oQgjUOlMqIXxTFepwGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881543846785460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
The arc motion image under of 63 A and 2.5 mm, figureFileSmall=PYCCaSPdyD/9bhc7Izm1lQ==, figureFileBig=in9O+fPKU9FgsnKHIbOh9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881543972614587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
63 A、2.5 mm电弧间隙下电弧运动图像, figureFileSmall=PYCCaSPdyD/9bhc7Izm1lQ==, figureFileBig=in9O+fPKU9FgsnKHIbOh9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881544165552578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Thermal imaging images of copper and carbon rod electrodes of arc generator, figureFileSmall=Y4YEVjze/OsKTQL4DkAzyw==, figureFileBig=GswqkD+L7od0u/yML75mpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881544295576008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
电弧发生器铜、碳棒电极热成像图像, figureFileSmall=Y4YEVjze/OsKTQL4DkAzyw==, figureFileBig=GswqkD+L7od0u/yML75mpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881545528701393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Small current fault arc ignition experiment, figureFileSmall=eeskoFGjcVRt2tKooGYOIA==, figureFileBig=4E0K0Af5ECBmoaIIXD+atg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881545646141909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
小电流故障电弧引燃实验, figureFileSmall=eeskoFGjcVRt2tKooGYOIA==, figureFileBig=4E0K0Af5ECBmoaIIXD+atg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200881545818108379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Limit of break time for AFDDs in IEC 62606
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 测试电弧电流/A | 最大分断时间/s |
| 2.5 | 1 |
| 5 | 0.5 |
| 10 | 0.25 |
| 16 | 0.15 |
| 32 | 0.12 |
| 63 | 0.12 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881545981686242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
IEC 62606规定的AFDD分断时间限值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 测试电弧电流/A | 最大分断时间/s |
| 2.5 | 1 |
| 5 | 0.5 |
| 10 | 0.25 |
| 16 | 0.15 |
| 32 | 0.12 |
| 63 | 0.12 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881546153652712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Limit of break time for AFDDs in GB/T 31143
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 测试电弧电流/A | 最大分断时间/s |
| 3 | 1 |
| 6 | 0.5 |
| 13 | 0.25 |
| 20 | 0.15 |
| 40 | 0.12 |
| 63 | 0.12 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881546313036276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
GB/T 31143规定的AFDD分断时间限值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 测试电弧电流/A | 最大分断时间/s |
| 3 | 1 |
| 6 | 0.5 |
| 13 | 0.25 |
| 20 | 0.15 |
| 40 | 0.12 |
| 63 | 0.12 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881546451448317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Arc fault fire risk simulation test plan
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 电流等级/A | 弧隙距离/mm |
| 2.5 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 5 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 10 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 16 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 32 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 63 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881546581471747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
故障电弧致火风险仿真实验方案
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 电流等级/A | 弧隙距离/mm |
| 2.5 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 5 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 10 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 16 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 32 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
| 63 | 0.8 |
| 1.1 |
| 2.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881546715689480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Material parameter
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 材料 |
| 空气 | 铜 | 石墨碳 |
| 相对磁导率 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 电导率/(S/m) | σ (T) | 5.98×107 | 3×103 |
| 恒压比热容/[J/(kg·K)] | cp(T) | 385 | 710 |
| 相对介电常数 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 密度/(kg/m3) | rho(T) | 8 940 | 1 950 |
| 导热系数/[W/(m·K)] | k(T) | 400 | 150(300 K/T) |
| 表面发射率 | — | 0.5 | 1 |
| 杨氏模量/Pa | — | 126×109 | — |
| 泊松比 | — | 0.34 | — |
| 参考电阻率/(Ω·m) | — | 1.67×10-8 | — |
| 电阻率温度系数/(1/K) | — | 3.862×10-3 | — |
| 参考温度/K | — | 293.15 | — |
| 动力黏度/(Pa·s) | mu(T) | — | — |
| 比热率 | 1.40 | — | — |
| 总体积辐射系数/(W/m3) | Qrad(T) | — | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881546896044553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
材料参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 材料 |
| 空气 | 铜 | 石墨碳 |
| 相对磁导率 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 电导率/(S/m) | σ (T) | 5.98×107 | 3×103 |
| 恒压比热容/[J/(kg·K)] | cp(T) | 385 | 710 |
| 相对介电常数 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 密度/(kg/m3) | rho(T) | 8 940 | 1 950 |
| 导热系数/[W/(m·K)] | k(T) | 400 | 150(300 K/T) |
| 表面发射率 | — | 0.5 | 1 |
| 杨氏模量/Pa | — | 126×109 | — |
| 泊松比 | — | 0.34 | — |
| 参考电阻率/(Ω·m) | — | 1.67×10-8 | — |
| 电阻率温度系数/(1/K) | — | 3.862×10-3 | — |
| 参考温度/K | — | 293.15 | — |
| 动力黏度/(Pa·s) | mu(T) | — | — |
| 比热率 | 1.40 | — | — |
| 总体积辐射系数/(W/m3) | Qrad(T) | — | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881547072205330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Arc fire risk range under different materials (单位: mm)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 可燃物种类及着火点 | 火灾风险范围 |
| 纸张 (150℃) | 27 |
| 棉布 (200℃) | 25.9 |
| 聚氯乙烯 (250℃) | 25.1 |
| 聚乙烯 (350℃) | 3.8 |
| 硅橡胶 (450℃) | 22.9 |
| 聚四氟乙烯 (670℃) | 21.3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881547202228763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同材料下电弧火灾风险范围
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 可燃物种类及着火点 | 火灾风险范围 |
| 纸张 (150℃) | 27 |
| 棉布 (200℃) | 25.9 |
| 聚氯乙烯 (250℃) | 25.1 |
| 聚乙烯 (350℃) | 3.8 |
| 硅橡胶 (450℃) | 22.9 |
| 聚四氟乙烯 (670℃) | 21.3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881547290309151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=
AC fault arc ignition risk classification
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 风险等级 | 距离 |
| 20 mm | 22 mm | 24 mm | 26 mm |
| 一级 (150℃) | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | 1 s |
| 二级 (200℃) | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | 0.3 s | — |
| 三级 (250℃) | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | 0.5 s | — |
| 四级 (350℃) | <0.1 s | 0.2 s | — | — |
| 五级 (450℃) | 0.2 s | 0.4 s | — | — |
| 六级 (670℃) | 0.3 s | — | — | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1200881547424526885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1195437523934691590, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
交流故障电弧致火风险等级划分
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 风险等级 | 距离 |
| 20 mm | 22 mm | 24 mm | 26 mm |
| 一级 (150℃) | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | 1 s |
| 二级 (200℃) | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | 0.3 s | — |
| 三级 (250℃) | <0.1 s | <0.1 s | 0.5 s | — |
| 四级 (350℃) | <0.1 s | 0.2 s | — | — |
| 五级 (450℃) | 0.2 s | 0.4 s | — | — |
| 六级 (670℃) | 0.3 s | — | — | — |
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