Article(id=1193220118785257678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1193220111252287672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240788, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715616000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-14, revisedDate=1723737600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762415445275, onlineDateStr=2025-11-06, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762415445275, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762415445275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762415445275, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193220111252287672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, year='2025', volume='40', issue='11', pageStart='3339', pageEnd='3690', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762415443479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762417281749, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193227821549056568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1193220111252287672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193227821549056569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1193220111252287672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3362, endPage=3380, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193220119049498832, articleId=1193220118785257678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, language=EN, title=Progress and Development Trend of Integrated Research on Hydrogen Production from Offshore Superconducting Wind Power, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the rapid development of the global economy, offshore wind power generation technology has been advancing towards field group scale and industrialization, becoming a research hotspot in international renewable energy. However, to reduce the economic costs associated with deep-sea wind power technology and enhance the efficient of wind energy capture and utilization, the capacity of wind turbines has been gradually upgraded to 10 MW and above. This trend towards large capacity has consequently led to increased weight and volume of wind turbines, complicating offshore transportation, lifting, operation and maintenance, which limits further development of offshore wind power technology. Moreover, the significant volatility and intermittency of offshore wind power contribute to increased grid penetration issues, difficulties in large-scale grid connections, and a notable phenomenon of wind curtailment. Furthermore, the non-stationary wind power can cause grid voltage fluctuations, flicker, frequency fluctuations, harmonics and other power quality problems, affecting the stable operation of the grid.
To address these problems, Hunan University's wind power generation team proposed an innovative integrated technology for hydrogen production through offshore superconducting wind power generation. This innovative system utilizes water electrolysis to locally consume offshore wind energy, with the produced liquid hydrogen being transported to land via ships or pipelines for comprehensive utilization. Additionally, a liquid hydrogen circulation refrigeration system provides a stable low-temperature environment for superconducting wind turbines, significantly reducing platform volume and weight and ensuring the reliable operation of the integrated system.
The article provides an overview of recent development in HTS wind turbine technology and offshore wind power hydrogen production technology, both domestically and internationally. It analyzes the key structures and feasibility of the proposed innovative integrated system, highlighting how it compares to traditional technologies. Additionally, the article explores recent advancements in offshore wind power generation and transmission technologies. The discussion then shifts to the benefits of the proposed innovative technology in comparison to other existing technologies and schemes. It summarizes the advantages of integrating hydrogen production and offshore superconducting wind power generation, analyzes the variability of superconducting wind turbines output power and the limitations of current converter topology control strategies, and proposes the key technologies of designing superconducting wind turbines converter topology with efficient energy transfer capability and designing a superconducting wind power system friendly control strategy.
For the future development of the integrated system, an energy island system plan that is integrated with renewable energy development is proposed. This plan is based on the operational principles of each sub-structure and aims to harness the efficient synergy of renewable energies. Research will focus on determining the appropriate ratios for various energy production and conversion devices, which will optimize the configuration of multi-energy complementarity. This approach aims to establish an integrated energy system that reduces the standby capacity required by the system’s various equipment. Furthermore, this initiative will promote the coupling of the power with renewable energy systems, facilitating the synergistic development of electric power and green hydrogen. This strategy will improve the optimized configuration of the energy supply system and establish a common technological framework for large-scale superconducting wind power hydrogen production technology.
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海上风力发电不断向场群规模化和产业化方向发展,目前已成为国际可再生能源发展的重点领域。然而随着海上风电技术逐渐呈现单机大容量、深远海化趋势,单机容量进入“两位数时代”,风机质量和体积增大,海上运输、吊装、操作和维护难度大幅增加。此外由于海上风电显著的波动性和间歇性,导致大规模并网困难,出现严重的弃风现象。为解决上述两大世界难题,湖南大学风力发电团队首次提出新型超导风电制氢一体化技术,在研究超导风机特性和电解水制氢技术的基础上,将超导风机与液氢制备有机结合,设计了离网型海上超导风电与水电解制氢一体化系统,建立了新型超导风电制氢系统风、电、磁、热、氢多场耦合作用下的风电系统高效转换理论。利用电解水制氢技术将海上风能就地消纳制氢,液氢存储通过运输和可控液氢循环制冷为超导风机提供稳定的低温环境,大幅降低设备平台的体积和质量,实现可再生能源的高效转换,确保集成系统的可靠运行。该文简要介绍了近年来国内外高温超导风机技术与海上风电制氢技术的研究情况,分析了离网型海上超导风电制氢一体化系统的关键结构和可行性,提出耦合可再生能源发展的能源岛系统规划,探索了多能互补优化配置,为大规模深远海超导风电制氢产业提供共性技术,推动我国风电产业技术升级,助力实现“双碳”战略目标。
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申刘飞 男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向为超导风电制氢一体化技术。E-mail:xiaofei482@hnu.edu.cn
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申刘飞 男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向为超导风电制氢一体化技术。E-mail:xiaofei482@hnu.edu.cn
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1 State Key Laboratory of Offshore Wind Power Equipment and High-Efficient Utilization Wind Energy Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
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1 海上风力发电装备与风能高效利用全国重点实验室(湖南大学) 长沙 410082
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The development trend of unit capacity of offshore wind turbines, figureFileSmall=1CUvuro+43AdEBNtqMH51g==, figureFileBig=S9sBz00VkLvjgBHFxDqDWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031046378479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
海上风机单机容量发展趋势, figureFileSmall=1CUvuro+43AdEBNtqMH51g==, figureFileBig=S9sBz00VkLvjgBHFxDqDWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031188984816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Various types of foundations for offshore wind turbines, figureFileSmall=XtnfTv5fjX9MMRBYd6XJJA==, figureFileBig=KXekzP/oHcX6kY0L5GxJXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031247705073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
海上风机基础形式, figureFileSmall=XtnfTv5fjX9MMRBYd6XJJA==, figureFileBig=KXekzP/oHcX6kY0L5GxJXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031298036722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
The EcoSwing HTS generator[46], figureFileSmall=FFUfj+T3zA6MBKUjQXsPZw==, figureFileBig=hCTIMZGyIgWK8NZg42J8XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031344174067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
EcoSwing高温超导发电机[46], figureFileSmall=FFUfj+T3zA6MBKUjQXsPZw==, figureFileBig=hCTIMZGyIgWK8NZg42J8XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031398700020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The system diagram view of the HTS generator in the EcoSwing project[46], figureFileSmall=QJeJZFDwLuqDLbyQtrnPoQ==, figureFileBig=eCuonnLWyaZx4F0OAUbjCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031440643061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
EcoSwing项目超导发电机系统示意图[46], figureFileSmall=QJeJZFDwLuqDLbyQtrnPoQ==, figureFileBig=eCuonnLWyaZx4F0OAUbjCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031524529142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The system schematic view of the HTS generator in the EcoSwing project, figureFileSmall=1S8PSmHELZlQATtStUYlog==, figureFileBig=KxLN/ALJeWojZcl3iV23dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031579055095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
EcoSwing项目超导发电机系统原理, figureFileSmall=1S8PSmHELZlQATtStUYlog==, figureFileBig=KxLN/ALJeWojZcl3iV23dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031675524088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The comparison schematic diagram of the large HTS generator, figureFileSmall=7R9u4nLD+bxJgo9hYETcMQ==, figureFileBig=u7OYe3ItXmJLhbv/8pz0rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031713272825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
大型高温超导发电机对比示意图, figureFileSmall=7R9u4nLD+bxJgo9hYETcMQ==, figureFileBig=u7OYe3ItXmJLhbv/8pz0rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031763604474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
High voltage AC transmission topology diagram of offshore wind power, figureFileSmall=kHflbrU0Hh4JYk8IShvF8w==, figureFileBig=w5iR8bQ0fkuQ7f7u8nxAQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031813936123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
海上风电高压交流输电拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=kHflbrU0Hh4JYk8IShvF8w==, figureFileBig=w5iR8bQ0fkuQ7f7u8nxAQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031876850684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Topology diagram of offshore wind power HVDC transmission, figureFileSmall=rNfZFK2rVYiOuMN35sFd7A==, figureFileBig=Eb/trKhmu6xS1Lf7j2mJVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031931376637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
海上风电高压直流输电拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=rNfZFK2rVYiOuMN35sFd7A==, figureFileBig=Eb/trKhmu6xS1Lf7j2mJVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221031981708286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Topology diagram of offshore wind power frequency-division transmission, figureFileSmall=eeeTOAt7O8rb5HpivjDOTA==, figureFileBig=xV5EaHe82thB7+bePmhi7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033034478591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
海上风电分频输电拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=eeeTOAt7O8rb5HpivjDOTA==, figureFileBig=xV5EaHe82thB7+bePmhi7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033118364672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Trend chart of annual cost of different hydrogen production schemes in the 300 MW offshore wind farm[14], figureFileSmall=ESYZifDRZMYenkKc9eCEyg==, figureFileBig=ZSTPA4Y0MkOp4YahJbpirw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033177083904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
300 MW海上风电场不同制氢方案等年值费用变化趋势[14], figureFileSmall=ESYZifDRZMYenkKc9eCEyg==, figureFileBig=ZSTPA4Y0MkOp4YahJbpirw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033239998465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
The integrated system diagram of hydrogen production from offshore superconducting wind power, figureFileSmall=tFd71pmZMU9acyxVVuvmwQ==, figureFileBig=7+DOQ+jtJJTCj6KnxuA+0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033298718722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
海上超导风电制氢一体化系统, figureFileSmall=tFd71pmZMU9acyxVVuvmwQ==, figureFileBig=7+DOQ+jtJJTCj6KnxuA+0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033378410499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
The structure diagram of offshore superconducting wind power hydrogen production system, figureFileSmall=hQMe9734AxRZXjS4rV8C+A==, figureFileBig=pn2G40cQP52yqusCZfWcPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033441325060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
海上超导风电制氢系统结构示意图, figureFileSmall=hQMe9734AxRZXjS4rV8C+A==, figureFileBig=pn2G40cQP52yqusCZfWcPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033512628229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
The I-H characteristic curve of 4 mm HTS tapes, figureFileSmall=aZSTifuUgUITTrTgUU7Aqw==, figureFileBig=A3ZT4ak9ryVpUzWtPgcPfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033583931398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
4 mm高温超导带材不同温度下的I-H特性曲线, figureFileSmall=aZSTifuUgUITTrTgUU7Aqw==, figureFileBig=A3ZT4ak9ryVpUzWtPgcPfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033651040263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Offshore superconducting wind power integrated system, figureFileSmall=LwK/b8tJGTTAT2I+CcdEYg==, figureFileBig=LO7NoU6j+PJPKEEzMnXHRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033718149128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
海上超导风电一体化系统, figureFileSmall=LwK/b8tJGTTAT2I+CcdEYg==, figureFileBig=LO7NoU6j+PJPKEEzMnXHRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033802035209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Frame diagram of integrated energy system, figureFileSmall=FO5NR6qJ+kJ3VroFR00iOw==, figureFileBig=dvUbjhwGakRFAagtuZPRcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033860755466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
综合能源系统框架, figureFileSmall=FO5NR6qJ+kJ3VroFR00iOw==, figureFileBig=dvUbjhwGakRFAagtuZPRcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193221033923670027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Types and characteristics of offshore wind power foundation
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 基础类型 | 适用水深/m | 优点 | 缺点 | 典型工程 |
| 重力式 | 0~10 | 结构简单,制作周期短,造价低,不受海床影响,稳定性好 | 地址条件要求高,受冲刷影响大,经济性差 | 丹麦Vindeby、Middelgrunden, 英国Blyth风电场 |
| 单桩式 | 0~25 | 易于制造,施工便捷、费用低, 结构简单,适应性强 | 受地质条件与水深约束大,需防止海床冲刷 | 丹麦Horns Rev、Nysted,爱尔兰Arklow Bank,英国North Hoyle、Scroby Sands |
群桩式 高桩承台 | 0~40 | 基础刚度大,稳定性好,承载力大,施工方便,工艺成熟 | 安装需专用设备,建造 成本较高 | 德国Borkum West 2、Alpha Ventus, 中国东海大桥海上风电场 |
| 导管架式 | 0~50 | 海床要求低,质量轻,强度高, 稳定性好,适用于大容量机组 | 基础造价随水深增加呈 指数增长,应用受到限制 | 英国北海海域Beatrice风电场,瑞典Utgrunden Ⅱ风电场,德国Alpha Ventus风电场,广核南鹏岛海上风电场 |
| 吸力筒式 | 30~60 | 节省钢材用量和海上施工时间, 可重复利用 | 沉放调平难度大,长时间运行产生不均匀沉降 | 丹麦Frederikshavn风电场, 中国三峡响水海上风电场 |
| 浮式 | 50以上 | 非刚性支撑结构,可调节系统固有频率,对水深不敏感,基础成本低 | 该技术只适合风浪 小的海域 | 英国Dounreay Tri、Kincardine,爱尔兰Gaelectric,葡萄牙WindFloat Atlantic, 中国三峡阳江 |
), ArticleFig(id=1193221033986584588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
海上风电基础类型及特性
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 基础类型 | 适用水深/m | 优点 | 缺点 | 典型工程 |
| 重力式 | 0~10 | 结构简单,制作周期短,造价低,不受海床影响,稳定性好 | 地址条件要求高,受冲刷影响大,经济性差 | 丹麦Vindeby、Middelgrunden, 英国Blyth风电场 |
| 单桩式 | 0~25 | 易于制造,施工便捷、费用低, 结构简单,适应性强 | 受地质条件与水深约束大,需防止海床冲刷 | 丹麦Horns Rev、Nysted,爱尔兰Arklow Bank,英国North Hoyle、Scroby Sands |
群桩式 高桩承台 | 0~40 | 基础刚度大,稳定性好,承载力大,施工方便,工艺成熟 | 安装需专用设备,建造 成本较高 | 德国Borkum West 2、Alpha Ventus, 中国东海大桥海上风电场 |
| 导管架式 | 0~50 | 海床要求低,质量轻,强度高, 稳定性好,适用于大容量机组 | 基础造价随水深增加呈 指数增长,应用受到限制 | 英国北海海域Beatrice风电场,瑞典Utgrunden Ⅱ风电场,德国Alpha Ventus风电场,广核南鹏岛海上风电场 |
| 吸力筒式 | 30~60 | 节省钢材用量和海上施工时间, 可重复利用 | 沉放调平难度大,长时间运行产生不均匀沉降 | 丹麦Frederikshavn风电场, 中国三峡响水海上风电场 |
| 浮式 | 50以上 | 非刚性支撑结构,可调节系统固有频率,对水深不敏感,基础成本低 | 该技术只适合风浪 小的海域 | 英国Dounreay Tri、Kincardine,爱尔兰Gaelectric,葡萄牙WindFloat Atlantic, 中国三峡阳江 |
), ArticleFig(id=1193221034062082061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Comparison of main performance parameters of fan under different capacity
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 单机容量/MW | 电机类型 | 直径/m | 质量/t | 效率(%) |
| 1.5 | 传统永磁电机 | 3.5 | 50 | 93.5 |
| 超导同步电机 | 2.5 | 47 | 95 |
| 3.5 | 传统永磁电机 | 6.5 | 90 | 95 |
| 超导同步电机 | 3.5 | 70 | 96.5 |
| 10 | 传统永磁电机 | 10 | 320 | 97 |
| 超导同步电机 | 4.5 | 150 | 98 |
), ArticleFig(id=1193221034120802318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同容量下风机主要性能参数对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 单机容量/MW | 电机类型 | 直径/m | 质量/t | 效率(%) |
| 1.5 | 传统永磁电机 | 3.5 | 50 | 93.5 |
| 超导同步电机 | 2.5 | 47 | 95 |
| 3.5 | 传统永磁电机 | 6.5 | 90 | 95 |
| 超导同步电机 | 3.5 | 70 | 96.5 |
| 10 | 传统永磁电机 | 10 | 320 | 97 |
| 超导同步电机 | 4.5 | 150 | 98 |
), ArticleFig(id=1193221034183716879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Summary of demonstration projects of wind power and hydrogen production in the world
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年份 | 项目名称 | 并网状态 | 风机容量/kW | 制氢类型 | 制氢功率/kW | 储氢装置 |
| 2011 | 加拿大Ramea岛示范工程 | 并网 | 690 | ALK | 162 | 气态 |
| 2011 | 德国Enertrag风氢发电工程 | 并网 | 6 000 | ALK | 500 | 气态 |
| 2012 | 德国RH2-WKA工程 | 并网 | 140 000 | ALK | 1 000 | 气态 |
| 2012 | 英格兰约克郡氢微网系统 | 并网 | 225 | ALK | 30 | 气态 |
| 2014 | 中国张北风电制氢示范工程 | 离网 | 500 | ALK | 100 | — |
| 2015 | 中国沽源风电制氢项目 | 并网 | 200 000 | ALK | 4 000 | 气态 |
| 2016 | 英国Hydrogen Office Building | 并网 | 750 | ALK | 30.5 | 气态 |
| 2017 | 英国乏福郡风电氢能项目 | 微网 | 750 | — | 30 | — |
| 2019 | 荷兰PosHYdon海上风电制氢试点项目 | 离网 | 400 000 | PEM | 1 250 | — |
| 2020 | 中国榆树风电制氢综合示范 | 并网 | 400 000 | PEM | 10 000 | 气态 |
| 2023 | 法国Sealhyfe海上项目 | 离网 | 10 000 | PEM | 10 000 | 气态 |
), ArticleFig(id=1193221034246631440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
国内外风电制氢工程示范项目汇总
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年份 | 项目名称 | 并网状态 | 风机容量/kW | 制氢类型 | 制氢功率/kW | 储氢装置 |
| 2011 | 加拿大Ramea岛示范工程 | 并网 | 690 | ALK | 162 | 气态 |
| 2011 | 德国Enertrag风氢发电工程 | 并网 | 6 000 | ALK | 500 | 气态 |
| 2012 | 德国RH2-WKA工程 | 并网 | 140 000 | ALK | 1 000 | 气态 |
| 2012 | 英格兰约克郡氢微网系统 | 并网 | 225 | ALK | 30 | 气态 |
| 2014 | 中国张北风电制氢示范工程 | 离网 | 500 | ALK | 100 | — |
| 2015 | 中国沽源风电制氢项目 | 并网 | 200 000 | ALK | 4 000 | 气态 |
| 2016 | 英国Hydrogen Office Building | 并网 | 750 | ALK | 30.5 | 气态 |
| 2017 | 英国乏福郡风电氢能项目 | 微网 | 750 | — | 30 | — |
| 2019 | 荷兰PosHYdon海上风电制氢试点项目 | 离网 | 400 000 | PEM | 1 250 | — |
| 2020 | 中国榆树风电制氢综合示范 | 并网 | 400 000 | PEM | 10 000 | 气态 |
| 2023 | 法国Sealhyfe海上项目 | 离网 | 10 000 | PEM | 10 000 | 气态 |
), ArticleFig(id=1193221034326323217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Comparison of different technical schemes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究机构 | 研究内容 | 研究成果 | 成本 | 优缺点 |
| 欧盟研究和创新计划德国能源局 | 海上超导风机设计 | 实现7级成熟度的海上超导风机样机研制,风塔上稳定运行650 h | 成本高 需要独立的低温供冷设备 | 高功率密度,体积小质量轻 海上运输、吊装、运维难度降低;但独立制冷系统使系统结构复杂 |
| 德国能源局 | 风电制氢 | 提出风电制氢技术路线和方案,并在德国柏林普伦茨劳风氢混合电站项目进行工程应用 | 成本高 能源远距离输送成本昂贵 | 利用弃风电力制氢,结合燃料电池为电网“削峰填谷”,依靠电网辅助调节氢气供应; 但需额外配置储能系统抑制风电并网自治性弱、渗透率低问题 |
| 美国能源部国家可再生能源实验中心 | 氢储能技术 | 实现能源输出和系统成本的经济性分析,对风/氢系统输出容量配比实现动态分析,完成新能源制氢设备工业规模和个人使用规模设备系统的商业化 | 成本可控 | 消除风电对电网电能质量的影响。省却并网辅助设备,简化控制系统,实现高效低成本利用 |
| 湖南大学 | 海上超导风电一体化技术;氢储能技术 | 超导风电与液氢制备有机结合,高功率密度超导电机就地消纳制氢,平抑风电输出波动,液氢循环提供配套深冷环境,提升系统能量综合利用效率 | 成本低 风能就地消化,无远距离运输,省却深远海输送设备电力建设;体积和质量小,吊装、安装和运维成本下降 | 高功率密度超导风机制氢储能,摒弃并网低电压穿越,缓解弃风困境,就地高效消纳,消除远距离海缆高损耗,液氢循环制冷省却独立低温设备,紧凑结构提高整机利用效率 |
), ArticleFig(id=1193221034397626386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1193220118785257678, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同技术方案对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究机构 | 研究内容 | 研究成果 | 成本 | 优缺点 |
| 欧盟研究和创新计划德国能源局 | 海上超导风机设计 | 实现7级成熟度的海上超导风机样机研制,风塔上稳定运行650 h | 成本高 需要独立的低温供冷设备 | 高功率密度,体积小质量轻 海上运输、吊装、运维难度降低;但独立制冷系统使系统结构复杂 |
| 德国能源局 | 风电制氢 | 提出风电制氢技术路线和方案,并在德国柏林普伦茨劳风氢混合电站项目进行工程应用 | 成本高 能源远距离输送成本昂贵 | 利用弃风电力制氢,结合燃料电池为电网“削峰填谷”,依靠电网辅助调节氢气供应; 但需额外配置储能系统抑制风电并网自治性弱、渗透率低问题 |
| 美国能源部国家可再生能源实验中心 | 氢储能技术 | 实现能源输出和系统成本的经济性分析,对风/氢系统输出容量配比实现动态分析,完成新能源制氢设备工业规模和个人使用规模设备系统的商业化 | 成本可控 | 消除风电对电网电能质量的影响。省却并网辅助设备,简化控制系统,实现高效低成本利用 |
| 湖南大学 | 海上超导风电一体化技术;氢储能技术 | 超导风电与液氢制备有机结合,高功率密度超导电机就地消纳制氢,平抑风电输出波动,液氢循环提供配套深冷环境,提升系统能量综合利用效率 | 成本低 风能就地消化,无远距离运输,省却深远海输送设备电力建设;体积和质量小,吊装、安装和运维成本下降 | 高功率密度超导风机制氢储能,摒弃并网低电压穿越,缓解弃风困境,就地高效消纳,消除远距离海缆高损耗,液氢循环制冷省却独立低温设备,紧凑结构提高整机利用效率 |
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