Article(id=1192092478527390163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1192092478032462291, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240497, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711641600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-29, revisedDate=1716912000000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762146594888, onlineDateStr=2025-11-03, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762146594888, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762146594888, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762146594888, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192092478032462291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, year='2025', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='2353', pageEnd='2678', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762146594770, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762148049906, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192098581373928325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1192092478032462291, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192098581373928326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1192092478032462291, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2656, endPage=2667, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192092478783242710, articleId=1192092478527390163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, language=EN, title=Voltage Unbalance Analysis and Transfer Calculation of Bipolar DC Distribution Network Based on Power Injection Power Flow Model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The bipolar DC distribution network offers high power supply reliability, extensive transmission capacity, and adaptable voltage levels. Developing a bipolar DC distribution network represents an effective strategy for constructing a new type of distribution network. Voltage unbalance constitutes a distinctive power quality issue within bipolar DC distribution networks. Power flow calculation serves as the fundamental tool for analyzing voltage imbalance. Nevertheless, conventional power flow calculation methods merely illustrate the transfer outcomes of voltage unbalance, failing to depict its transfer process within the network. Furthermore, in practical engineering, power is often the measured electrical quantity rather than current, making the existing power flow model based on injected current unsuitable for meeting the application requirements. Hence, this paper proposes a power-injection equation to analyze and quantify the transfer characteristics associated with voltage unbalance.
Initially, the generation and transfer mechanism of voltage unbalance within the bipolar DC distribution network is studied. The voltage unbalance transfer matrix grounded on sensitivity is established to depict the transfer characteristics of voltage unbalance factors at individual nodes. Furthermore, the analytical formulations for each component of the voltage unbalance transfer matrix are derived, and a power flow calculation technique based on the Newton-Raphson method is proposed for determining the matrix. The suggested method employs a power-injection equation for power flow modeling and integrates droop control and comprehensive load models of distributed generation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated via the modified IEEE 33-node test system. Three case studies are conducted.
Numerical results reveal the following findings. (1) The proposed power flow calculation method exhibits a negligible sacrifice in accuracy, with no more than a 0.83% deviation and a calculation efficiency enhancement of 44%. Additionally, it offers the advantage of accommodating constant power loads, which is suitable for high prevalence power load or load data readily available scenarios. (2) The voltage unbalance transfer matrix effectively illustrates voltage unbalance factors’ alterations and transfer conditions at each node under disturbance conditions. Disturbances induce voltage unbalances that propagate throughout the network following the direction of power flow. Measures must be implemented to block or suppress it at critical network nodes. For instance, strategies such as load switching and energy storage scheduling encourage multi-point loads to adjust in a more balanced manner simultaneously, curtailing unbalanced transfer. Moreover, incorporating a power spring in series with a constant resistance load near the line's terminus can introduce intelligent load management, affording greater flexibility in system voltage unbalance adjustment. The deployment of voltage-regulating equipment, such as DC transformers and voltage balancers, is instrumental in obstructing unbalanced voltage transfer.
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建设供电容量大、灵活性高、对直流型源荷友好的双极直流配电网是构建新型配电网的有效途径之一。然而,电压不平衡问题对双极直流配电网的推广和应用提出了挑战。该文分析电压不平衡的产生机理,并基于灵敏度定义了电压不平衡传递矩阵,该矩阵用于反映电压不平衡因子在双极直流配电网中各节点的传递特性。在此基础上,推导电压不平衡传递矩阵中各元素的解析表达式,提出基于牛顿-拉夫逊法的潮流计算方法来确定电压不平衡传递矩阵,所提方法采用注入功率进行潮流建模,并考虑分布式发电的下垂控制模型和综合负荷模型。最后,采用改造的IEEE 33节点测试系统验证了所提方法的有效性,并分析了电压不平衡传递的影响因素。
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周亦尧 男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向直流配电网稳态分析及运行优化。E-mail: yiyaozhou@cqu.edu.cn
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周亦尧 男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向直流配电网稳态分析及运行优化。E-mail: yiyaozhou@cqu.edu.cn
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69(5): 2413-2417., articleTitle=Pearson correlation coefficient-based performance enhancement of broad learning system for stock price prediction, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1192153422683058540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, awardId=52337007, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金重点项目(52337007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1192153422741778797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, awardId=2023CDJYXTD-004, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费基金项目(2023CDJYXTD-004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1192153418165793066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192153418174181675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, companyId=1192153418165793066, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192153418182570284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, companyId=1192153418165793066, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.输变电装备技术全国重点实验室(重庆大学电气工程学院) 重庆 400044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1192153418245484845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192153418249679150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, companyId=1192153418245484845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Chongqing University-University of Cincinnati Joint Co-op Institute Chongqing 400044 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192153418258067759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, companyId=1192153418245484845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆大学辛辛那提大学联合学院 重庆 400044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1192153418320982320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192153418329370929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, companyId=1192153418320982320, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. College of Electric Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192153418333565234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, companyId=1192153418320982320, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川大学电气工程学院 成都 610065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1192153420279722328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
The structure of a bipolar DC distribution network, figureFileSmall=PH1Gg7ElXjtVTmaWxD+pdw==, figureFileBig=zsvKsHMypHQ1v3bgWOKGzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420334248281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
双极直流配电网的结构, figureFileSmall=PH1Gg7ElXjtVTmaWxD+pdw==, figureFileBig=zsvKsHMypHQ1v3bgWOKGzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420422328666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Calculation process of voltage unbalance transfer in bipolar DC distribution networks, figureFileSmall=LFLpt9OdNPsDbUvrO1GqSA==, figureFileBig=GO4IZnvGgwFaRQllAKHz/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420481048923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
双极直流配电网电压不平衡传递计算流程, figureFileSmall=LFLpt9OdNPsDbUvrO1GqSA==, figureFileBig=GO4IZnvGgwFaRQllAKHz/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420543963484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
The modified IEEE 33 node test system, figureFileSmall=zROhLpVh784367uQQT1gTA==, figureFileBig=NOHgwOXtZvHyP8zcNhlESg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420606878045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
修改的IEEE 33节点测试系统, figureFileSmall=zROhLpVh784367uQQT1gTA==, figureFileBig=NOHgwOXtZvHyP8zcNhlESg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420665598302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The initial load of IEEE 33 node test system, figureFileSmall=o7d1zfWLVDk33lO1g3FP6A==, figureFileBig=tRcmkc7b5jEihEWW+G779A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420741095775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
IEEE 33节点测试系统的初始负荷, figureFileSmall=o7d1zfWLVDk33lO1g3FP6A==, figureFileBig=tRcmkc7b5jEihEWW+G779A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420816593248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The results of power flow calculation, figureFileSmall=KYvulcPw8lrdrSQUeV+l8w==, figureFileBig=uj6UAbxl1Q29ht2tZvbOrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420892090721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
潮流计算结果, figureFileSmall=KYvulcPw8lrdrSQUeV+l8w==, figureFileBig=uj6UAbxl1Q29ht2tZvbOrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153420955005282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Calculation results of voltage unbalance transfer, figureFileSmall=Bi92zOBU9M3+CYBlPhdW5g==, figureFileBig=jx4zXZU6J1aRWlqBKbQLig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421022114147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
电压不平衡传递计算结果, figureFileSmall=Bi92zOBU9M3+CYBlPhdW5g==, figureFileBig=jx4zXZU6J1aRWlqBKbQLig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421089223012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The influence of different ZIP coefficients on voltage unbalance transfer matrix, figureFileSmall=ccIAGFK0U0szSE/LR9Mcpg==, figureFileBig=rREj5+YLLiqb5ogBQ9v6/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421160526181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同综合负荷系数对不平衡传递矩阵的影响, figureFileSmall=ccIAGFK0U0szSE/LR9Mcpg==, figureFileBig=rREj5+YLLiqb5ogBQ9v6/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421231829350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
The influence of different ZIP coefficients on VUF, figureFileSmall=e4HKSlATvpxRG5/TcN3XUQ==, figureFileBig=uklj1RUU0PpxO5/nEYLYuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421294743911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同综合负荷系数对VUF的影响, figureFileSmall=e4HKSlATvpxRG5/TcN3XUQ==, figureFileBig=uklj1RUU0PpxO5/nEYLYuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421349269864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=App.Fig.1, caption=
Calculation results of voltage unbalance transfer, figureFileSmall=otWCdeuToP2s5WxHzv3Q0g==, figureFileBig=6y995Iq3X8CZltnlfA1hHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421424767337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=附图1, caption=
电压不平衡传递计算结果, figureFileSmall=otWCdeuToP2s5WxHzv3Q0g==, figureFileBig=6y995Iq3X8CZltnlfA1hHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421491876202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=EN, label=App.Fig.2, caption=
The influence on VUF of different ratios for voltage, figureFileSmall=vo+WLh5N5hUNCUvGySGAsw==, figureFileBig=Y73IE6RkeYNRwoKgcCWOfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192153421592539499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192092478527390163, language=CN, label=附图2, caption=
不同电压比对VUF的影响, figureFileSmall=vo+WLh5N5hUNCUvGySGAsw==, figureFileBig=Y73IE6RkeYNRwoKgcCWOfA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1190305891502088195, delFlag=0, nameCn=电工技术学报, nameEn=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-6753, eissn=null, cn=11-2188/TM, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YYecTEJj3QzJslEu59/dTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761720639352, updatedTime=1761735842679, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, 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