Article(id=1192068208241815731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1192068207398760622, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240996, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718035200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-11, revisedDate=1719936000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762140808400, onlineDateStr=2025-11-03, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762140808400, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762140808400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762140808400, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192068207398760622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, year='2025', volume='40', issue='13', pageStart='4017', pageEnd='4342', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762140808200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762417113496, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193227115907740212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1192068207398760622, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193227115907740213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1192068207398760622, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4316, endPage=4329, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192068208535417016, articleId=1192068208241815731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, language=EN, title=Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Tram System Based on Driving Cycle Prediction and Power Source Lifespan Decay Synergy, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In fuel cell hybrid systems, the degradation processes of fuel cells and power batteries are highly inconsistent. The excessive consumption and premature end of life of one power source can disrupt the balance of the power system, deplete the performance of the other power source, accelerate the aging of the entire power system, and negatively affect vehicle economy and system durability. Consequently, it becomes challenging to achieve optimal fuel economy and system durability simultaneously. To address this issue, an optimization strategy based on condition prediction and coordinated power source life degradation is proposed.
Firstly, to improve prediction accuracy, operating conditions are categorized into three typical states: low-speed, medium-speed, and high-speed. An upper-level Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) prediction model is established based on historical conditions to predict the tram's operating conditions. This prediction provides more information for the lower-level energy management strategy to optimize system energy distribution. Secondly, in the lower-level energy management strategy, the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell and the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the auxiliary power source are analyzed. A continuous degradation model for the fuel cell and power battery is established, introducing optimization objectives and adaptively adjusting the weights of each objective online to optimize the multi-objective function. Finally, the proposed strategy is compared with the traditional equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) and the external energy maximization strategy (EEMS).
Results show that at the end of the entire operating condition, the proposed strategy's hydrogen consumption is 99.61 g, the degradation rate difference between the dual power sources is 0.000 66%, the system efficiency is 81.66%, the power fluctuation range is -800 W to 800 W, and the stress on the power battery and supercapacitor is 117.5 and 176.4 respectively. Compared to the ECMS strategy, with a hydrogen consumption of 115.1 g and system efficiency of 77.64%, the proposed strategy improves fuel economy and system efficiency by 15.6% and 5.2% respectively. Compared to the EEMS strategy, with a dual power source degradation rate difference of 0.014 4% and system efficiency of 79.77%, the proposed strategy reduces the degradation rate difference by 21.82 times and improves system efficiency by 2.4%. Additionally, the power fluctuation range under the proposed strategy is significantly reduced compared to the -1 000 W to 1 000 W range under both the ECMS and EEMS strategies, resulting in a smoother power source power curve. Under the ECMS strategy, the stress on the power battery and supercapacitor is 156.6 and 215 respectively, while under the EEMS strategy, the stress is 156.8 and 226.6 respectively. The proposed strategy reduces the stress on the auxiliary power source compared to the ECMS and EEMS strategies, decreasing excessive consumption and resulting in a more reasonable power distribution.
Comprehensive simulation analysis reveals the core advantages of the proposed strategy: (1) Establishing an MCMC prediction model for condition prediction improves the adaptability of the energy management strategy to operating conditions, achieving more reasonable, precise, and efficient energy control and reducing damage to the hybrid power system. (2) Overcoming the poor fuel economy of traditional ECMS and the high inconsistency in power source degradation of EEMS. (3) Achieving superior fuel economy and system durability, thereby extending the lifecycle of fuel cell hybrid systems.
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苏红宇 男,1997年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为燃料电池混合动力系统能量管理策略。E-mail:2318562098@qq.com
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苏红宇 男,1997年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为燃料电池混合动力系统能量管理策略。E-mail:2318562098@qq.com
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pageEnd=12, url=http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/12.1420.tm.20240425.1853.034.html, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=严锐浩, 许亮, journalName=电源学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=严锐浩, 许亮. 基于模糊控制优化小波分解的FCHEV能量管理策略[J/OL].
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56(5): 5340-5351., articleTitle=A power allocation method for multistack PEMFC system considering fuel cell performance consistency, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1192497750425092760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, awardId=2021CXZ021, language=CN, fundingSource=中车“十四五”科技重大专项计划资助项目(2021CXZ021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1192497743533851206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192497743546434119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, companyId=1192497743533851206, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Automation and Electrical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192497743559017032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, companyId=1192497743533851206, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院 兰州 730070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1192497746394366570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Fuel cell hybrid power system structure, figureFileSmall=GE36HDOjZKOCWMVg9nkvSA==, figureFileBig=chWlRi/eeWZWTdU8Oi+eYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746444698219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
燃料电池混合动力系统结构, figureFileSmall=GE36HDOjZKOCWMVg9nkvSA==, figureFileBig=chWlRi/eeWZWTdU8Oi+eYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746520195692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Fuel cell model, figureFileSmall=biJWW+GEJ5fDBxO7NhG64Q==, figureFileBig=72fZPNy0yddiEnOdQIXZoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746578915949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
燃料电池模型, figureFileSmall=biJWW+GEJ5fDBxO7NhG64Q==, figureFileBig=72fZPNy0yddiEnOdQIXZoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746637636206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Polarization test curve of fuel cell monomer, figureFileSmall=1kNz6cAINGTbH7G1DjQ0cQ==, figureFileBig=aOlF8wobBCbheAuCHTAIaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746692162159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
燃料电池单体极化测试曲线, figureFileSmall=1kNz6cAINGTbH7G1DjQ0cQ==, figureFileBig=aOlF8wobBCbheAuCHTAIaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746746688112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Results of fuel cell model accuracy test, figureFileSmall=IR/7CDV/YtC2YxmM/VNPJg==, figureFileBig=vqck18MeITZZ+Aft6r638A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746805408369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
燃料电池模型精度测试结果, figureFileSmall=IR/7CDV/YtC2YxmM/VNPJg==, figureFileBig=vqck18MeITZZ+Aft6r638A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746864128626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
battery model, figureFileSmall=Kz6H32eIybgb4jDUzPckCQ==, figureFileBig=RvVfM5XLJ5xCQF0+QS5reQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746918654579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
动力电池模型, figureFileSmall=Kz6H32eIybgb4jDUzPckCQ==, figureFileBig=RvVfM5XLJ5xCQF0+QS5reQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497746985763444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Simulation curves of power battery discharge characteristics, figureFileSmall=Zrv3bBxpykDQQQ01e7M/Ow==, figureFileBig=bUqddkGwdWpE1t6/GJtESQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747044483701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
动力电池放电特性仿真曲线, figureFileSmall=Zrv3bBxpykDQQQ01e7M/Ow==, figureFileBig=bUqddkGwdWpE1t6/GJtESQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747107398262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Supercapacitor model, figureFileSmall=6/4ouXK2nhUd6c9MCB4i+g==, figureFileBig=WvWpJNxvotCsdp47kYrVIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747170312823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
超级电容模型, figureFileSmall=6/4ouXK2nhUd6c9MCB4i+g==, figureFileBig=WvWpJNxvotCsdp47kYrVIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747224838776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Results of supercapacitor model accuracy test, figureFileSmall=DXhGKVrHZdmx+wx989ojOw==, figureFileBig=De/IgE/8Q9YqX2dsK97CTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747287753337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
超级电容模型精度测试结果, figureFileSmall=DXhGKVrHZdmx+wx989ojOw==, figureFileBig=De/IgE/8Q9YqX2dsK97CTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747350667898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Control schematic of ECMS, figureFileSmall=HDjSZfVkDWmOvlXw2t0pqw==, figureFileBig=XNGsDBb1AxzHqWXswT3Lpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747413582459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
ECMS控制示意图, figureFileSmall=HDjSZfVkDWmOvlXw2t0pqw==, figureFileBig=XNGsDBb1AxzHqWXswT3Lpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747472302716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Process of calculating the demand power transition probability matrix, figureFileSmall=9PpiwCF/RVRiRD6GosMTuw==, figureFileBig=DycdUCAR4a8+cXtb6wib8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747522634365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
负载功率转移概率矩阵计算流程, figureFileSmall=9PpiwCF/RVRiRD6GosMTuw==, figureFileBig=DycdUCAR4a8+cXtb6wib8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747593937534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Transition probability matrixes under conditions, figureFileSmall=y13oolHXxtsWYP7+dE8tFA==, figureFileBig=uZ19CfH2C+iKTy5do9X+0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747656852095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
不同工况下的转移概率矩阵, figureFileSmall=y13oolHXxtsWYP7+dE8tFA==, figureFileBig=uZ19CfH2C+iKTy5do9X+0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747723960960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Predictive modeling flow chart, figureFileSmall=SYfwyhKAZeR8yGSnYyweQA==, figureFileBig=EgblNnjHX+ZXohEUl9z6pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747807847041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
预测模型流程, figureFileSmall=SYfwyhKAZeR8yGSnYyweQA==, figureFileBig=EgblNnjHX+ZXohEUl9z6pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747887538818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Comparative analysis of forecast results, figureFileSmall=p6klECxzw2eJrRRlbvP5gA==, figureFileBig=UadL0NyMjIsg7zF5PZMO8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497747963036291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
预测结果对比分析, figureFileSmall=p6klECxzw2eJrRRlbvP5gA==, figureFileBig=UadL0NyMjIsg7zF5PZMO8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497748021756548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Flow chart for dynamic adjustment of weights, figureFileSmall=7ROvh1Ct7GIsQZTw8YGPzQ==, figureFileBig=XAXS5izJtuLAU8w7dfXSSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497748084671109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
权重动态调整流程, figureFileSmall=7ROvh1Ct7GIsQZTw8YGPzQ==, figureFileBig=XAXS5izJtuLAU8w7dfXSSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497748147585670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
PEMS optimization control principle flow chart, figureFileSmall=iTHCYIa+88Yb+Y//J/dmIw==, figureFileBig=1tb8k2LoNQGq1KbBiEI0MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497748256637575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
PEMS优化控制原理流程, figureFileSmall=iTHCYIa+88Yb+Y//J/dmIw==, figureFileBig=1tb8k2LoNQGq1KbBiEI0MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497748323746440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Comparison of power allocation under three energy management strategies, figureFileSmall=Lz0hByXs9O6V22v6rg8/DA==, figureFileBig=LT+IUHdhVSs88fvM1At/Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497748395049609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
三种能量管理策略下的功率分配对比, figureFileSmall=Lz0hByXs9O6V22v6rg8/DA==, figureFileBig=LT+IUHdhVSs88fvM1At/Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749439431306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=
Comparison of hydrogen consumption and SOC of lithium battery under three strategies, figureFileSmall=nO5zZze/ZmJbYjJFiEbeRA==, figureFileBig=tpxJyUE83VNDzy+iQQMGTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749502345867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图17, caption=
三种策略下的氢气消耗量和锂电池SOC对比, figureFileSmall=nO5zZze/ZmJbYjJFiEbeRA==, figureFileBig=tpxJyUE83VNDzy+iQQMGTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749561066124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=
Comparison of dual power source decay rates under three energy management strategies, figureFileSmall=OTQO+dV8ITwk1V8cyYuf/Q==, figureFileBig=jEJvVRQ+QNovgycAj4A21w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749623980685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图18, caption=
三种策略双动力源寿命衰减率对比, figureFileSmall=OTQO+dV8ITwk1V8cyYuf/Q==, figureFileBig=jEJvVRQ+QNovgycAj4A21w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749678506638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.19, caption=
Comparison of system efficiency under strategies, figureFileSmall=1Jr+pmC/3Wo2sOMn5S/yHA==, figureFileBig=zPuvd8voKX6eeKC6RsgPIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749737226895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图19, caption=
各策略下系统效率对比, figureFileSmall=1Jr+pmC/3Wo2sOMn5S/yHA==, figureFileBig=zPuvd8voKX6eeKC6RsgPIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749795947152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=
Comparison of power sources stress analysis under each strategy, figureFileSmall=S6bzkd6j+XLzAYwgpVWX7A==, figureFileBig=TYjQMeCS7S6/sOf6zPIagg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749854667409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=图20, caption=
各策略下动力源应力分析对比, figureFileSmall=S6bzkd6j+XLzAYwgpVWX7A==, figureFileBig=TYjQMeCS7S6/sOf6zPIagg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192497749921776274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Relationship between demand power and operating conditions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况类型 | 速度/(km/h) | 需求功率/kW |
| 低速 | 0~20 | -5~4 |
| 中速 | 20~40 | 4~10 |
| 高速 | 40~60 | 10~16 |
), ArticleFig(id=1192497750005662355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
需求功率与工况类型对应关系
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况类型 | 速度/(km/h) | 需求功率/kW |
| 低速 | 0~20 | -5~4 |
| 中速 | 20~40 | 4~10 |
| 高速 | 40~60 | 10~16 |
), ArticleFig(id=1192497750085354132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Core simulation parameters of vehicle hybrid power supply
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 燃料电池单体数量/个 | 735 |
| 燃料电池堆额定电压/V | 540 |
| 燃料电池堆最大放电电流/A | 240 |
| 燃料电池堆燃料供给压力/bar | 1.16 |
| 燃料电池堆空气供给压力/bar | 1 |
| 燃料电池堆额定效率(%) | 50 |
| 燃料电池堆运行温度/K | 318.15 |
| 动力电池单体数量/个 | 144串2并 |
| 动力电池组额定电压/V | 331 |
| 动力电池组最大放电电流/A | 120 |
| 动力电池组初始SOC(%) | 70 |
| 动力电池组额定容量/(A·h) | 100 |
| 超级电容单体数量/个 | 108串1并 |
| 超级电容组额定电压/V | 750 |
| 超级电容组运行温度/K | 298 |
| 超级电容组初始SOC(%) | 85 |
| 超级电容组最大电流/A | 98(持续),1 900(1 s) |
), ArticleFig(id=1192497750135685781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
车载复合电源核心仿真参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 燃料电池单体数量/个 | 735 |
| 燃料电池堆额定电压/V | 540 |
| 燃料电池堆最大放电电流/A | 240 |
| 燃料电池堆燃料供给压力/bar | 1.16 |
| 燃料电池堆空气供给压力/bar | 1 |
| 燃料电池堆额定效率(%) | 50 |
| 燃料电池堆运行温度/K | 318.15 |
| 动力电池单体数量/个 | 144串2并 |
| 动力电池组额定电压/V | 331 |
| 动力电池组最大放电电流/A | 120 |
| 动力电池组初始SOC(%) | 70 |
| 动力电池组额定容量/(A·h) | 100 |
| 超级电容单体数量/个 | 108串1并 |
| 超级电容组额定电压/V | 750 |
| 超级电容组运行温度/K | 298 |
| 超级电容组初始SOC(%) | 85 |
| 超级电容组最大电流/A | 98(持续),1 900(1 s) |
), ArticleFig(id=1192497750202794646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Comparison of results by strategies
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | ECMS | EEMS | PEMS |
| 总氢耗量/g | 115.1 | 98.61 | 99.61 |
| SOC变化范围(%) | 70~58.59 | 70~46.66 | 70~50.05 |
| FC和BAT衰减率差值(%) | 0.000 55 | 0.014 4 | 0.000 66 |
| 系统效率(%) | 77.64 | 79.77 | 81.66 |
| FC等效高频应力σ | 125.7 | 122.5 | 129.3 |
| BAT等效高频应力σ | 156.6 | 156.8 | 117.5 |
| SC等效高频应力σ | 215 | 226.6 | 176.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1192497750274097815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1192068208241815731, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
各策略结果对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | ECMS | EEMS | PEMS |
| 总氢耗量/g | 115.1 | 98.61 | 99.61 |
| SOC变化范围(%) | 70~58.59 | 70~46.66 | 70~50.05 |
| FC和BAT衰减率差值(%) | 0.000 55 | 0.014 4 | 0.000 66 |
| 系统效率(%) | 77.64 | 79.77 | 81.66 |
| FC等效高频应力σ | 125.7 | 122.5 | 129.3 |
| BAT等效高频应力σ | 156.6 | 156.8 | 117.5 |
| SC等效高频应力σ | 215 | 226.6 | 176.4 |
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