Article(id=1190597295637938975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1190594635056689366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240653, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713974400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-25, revisedDate=1721318400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761790115507, onlineDateStr=2025-10-30, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761790115507, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761790115507, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761790115507, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190594635056689366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, year='2025', volume='40', issue='9', pageStart='2679', pageEnd='3012', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761789481176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761791537510, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190603259996946565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1190594635056689366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190603259996946566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, issueId=1190594635056689366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2970, endPage=2981, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190597295818294048, articleId=1190597295637938975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, language=EN, title=AC Flashover Characteristics of Composite Suspension Insulators under Heavy Rainstorm, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With global climate warming, the frequency of heavy rainstorm events is increasing. During heavy rainstorms, composite suspension insulator strings are prone to reduced creepage distance utilization and potential rain flashover accidents due to the sudden increase in rain intensity and rain columns bridging the skirt gaps. Since the rod diameter and skirt diameter of composite suspension insulators are smaller than those of large-diameter composite pin insulators, and there are significant differences in skirt structure and creepage distance, the rain flashover characteristics of suspension insulators cannot be equated with pin insulators. Hence, there is insufficient data on the rain flashover characteristics of composite suspension insulators.
This paper conducts artificial rain flashover tests under strong rainfall conditions using five different skirt structures of composite insulators. It investigates the effects of rain intensity and water conductivity on insulator AC flashover characteristics by analyzing the rain column length at the skirt edge, simulation models, arc development paths, and critical leakage currents. A formula for calculating the unit insulator height AC flashover voltage under the combined effects of rain intensity and water conductivity is proposed and verified for accuracy.
Results indicate that the unit insulator height rain flashover voltage is negatively correlated with rain intensity and water conductivity, following an exponential decay function. The voltage gradient reduction can reach 41.9% and 43.8% respectively due to these factors. The rainfall intensity of 9 mm/min can be considered the tipping point between non-extreme and extreme rainfall. Additionally, composite insulators with larger skirt diameters and skirt spacings are more significantly affected by rain intensity, while the impact of water conductivity is consistent across different skirt parameters. When the rainfall intensity is low, the shorter rain column causes the arc to develop along the path of “rain column-air gap-small skirt surface”. When the rainfall intensity is high, the rain column is longer, and the vertical air gap within the rain column is directly broken down, leading to the arc development path of “rain column-vertical air gap-large skirt surface”.
In addition, the maximum length of the rain column at the skirt increases with rain intensity and varies with skirt diameter and spacing. The arc development path differs significantly among insulators with different skirt parameters. Insulators with larger skirt diameters and spacings exhibit a combined air gap and skirt surface discharge path, with reduced rain column bridging the skirt gap due to effective skirt coverage, resulting in higher creepage utilization. Therefore, insulators with larger skirt diameters and spacings can effectively enhance the insulation strength. Due to the influence of the number of charged particles in the water and the area covered by the water film, the average critical leakage current increases with rain intensity and water conductivity, which increases the energy gained by the electric arc and promotes the development of local arcs and the formation of discharge channels. During heavy rainstorms, to reduce surface leakage current on composite insulators and prevent rainwater from bridging the skirts to form a “rain pillar-vertical air gap” continuous arc path, it is recommended to use composite insulators with larger inter-skirt spacing and skirt diameters in regions prone to frequent heavy rainfall.
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胡 琴 男,1981年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为复杂环境电气外绝缘、电网防冰减灾技术。E-mail:huqin@cqu.edu.cn
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胡 琴 男,1981年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为复杂环境电气外绝缘、电网防冰减灾技术。E-mail:huqin@cqu.edu.cn
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29(6): 708-710., articleTitle=Study on formation of surface discharge on dielectric plate under positive ns impulse voltage in air, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190723702351347824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, awardId=B311WZ230001, language=CN, fundingSource=国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目(B311WZ230001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190723702443622513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, awardId=2023CDJYXTD-005, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费(2023CDJYXTD-005), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190723690984784863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190723690993173472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, companyId=1190723690984784863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Xuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190723691001562082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, companyId=1190723690984784863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆大学雪峰山能源装备安全国家野外科学观测研究站 重庆 400044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190723691110613988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190723691119002597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, companyId=1190723691110613988, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. State Grid Wenzhou Power Supply Company Wenzhou 325000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190723691127391206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, companyId=1190723691110613988, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国网浙江省电力有限公司温州供电公司 温州 325000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190723696101834785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic diagram of AC test connection, figureFileSmall=e0zkkqDDlFRQ9tOYGBFMXw==, figureFileBig=3Wzz/zbizaoAYtn99XV8MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723696210886691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
交流试验原理示意图 B—调压器 T—变压器 R0—保护电阻 H—330 kV高压穿墙套管 S—试品 N—人工气候室 F—电容分压器 M—泄漏电流测量装置 I—淋雨架 J—高速摄像机
, figureFileSmall=e0zkkqDDlFRQ9tOYGBFMXw==, figureFileBig=3Wzz/zbizaoAYtn99XV8MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723696332521509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
The length of rain shed along the edge of the shed, figureFileSmall=QQJsdhxIbPcGKE4wT3jJCg==, figureFileBig=QteMGT3EbvoIkp2vjVbHKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723696424796199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
伞裙边沿雨柱长度, figureFileSmall=QQJsdhxIbPcGKE4wT3jJCg==, figureFileBig=QteMGT3EbvoIkp2vjVbHKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723696940695593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
The relationship between H and Eh as well as x, figureFileSmall=eQfTFrdumQN4SDgjIfzZlQ==, figureFileBig=esN0ydW/NsL6sTdqKesQzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723697280434219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
单位绝缘高度淋雨闪络电压Eh及雨柱最大长度x与降雨强度H的关系, figureFileSmall=eQfTFrdumQN4SDgjIfzZlQ==, figureFileBig=esN0ydW/NsL6sTdqKesQzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723697511120941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Insulator string electric field cloud map under heavy rainfall conditions, figureFileSmall=4kk3YW9CafOBXTjQvpVouw==, figureFileBig=Sf4TTzoMxzZhbfKt+i4uBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723697683087407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
强降雨条件下绝缘子串电场云图, figureFileSmall=4kk3YW9CafOBXTjQvpVouw==, figureFileBig=Sf4TTzoMxzZhbfKt+i4uBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723697787945009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Development path of electric arc under different H, figureFileSmall=sqOVh/SUH5ecJgHx1rqgaQ==, figureFileBig=RCseGx4sU5iKagDKkQ18xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723697909579827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同H下的电弧发展路径, figureFileSmall=sqOVh/SUH5ecJgHx1rqgaQ==, figureFileBig=RCseGx4sU5iKagDKkQ18xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698022826037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The relationship between average field strength and x, figureFileSmall=SHqMbvN+gshp3nF0gk321A==, figureFileBig=BD4kIEjUvCxwvIIvBKRhhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698131877943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
平均电场强度与雨柱最大长度x的关系, figureFileSmall=SHqMbvN+gshp3nF0gk321A==, figureFileBig=BD4kIEjUvCxwvIIvBKRhhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698240929849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The relationship between γ and Eh as well as x, figureFileSmall=BAUsTUqacynGkzAN7yO7tQ==, figureFileBig=S2utf+vEFl3ehs/wpwCUnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698337398843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
单位绝缘高度淋雨闪络电压Eh及雨柱最大长度x与雨水电导率γ的关系, figureFileSmall=BAUsTUqacynGkzAN7yO7tQ==, figureFileBig=S2utf+vEFl3ehs/wpwCUnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698534531133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
The relationship between Eh and H as well as γ, figureFileSmall=vbFl5zW8IcBmd+gqNd3Hxw==, figureFileBig=WdRqUS8On0/FoqtM/FZ/AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698631000127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
单位绝缘高度淋雨闪络电压Eh与H、γ的关系, figureFileSmall=vbFl5zW8IcBmd+gqNd3Hxw==, figureFileBig=WdRqUS8On0/FoqtM/FZ/AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698727469121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
The AC flashover process of Type-Ⅳ insulator, figureFileSmall=G8nxvO0/ndUTYZevJH0Tjg==, figureFileBig=ZORkg27TCQaGbBQiIViJUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698811355203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
Ⅳ号绝缘子交流闪络过程, figureFileSmall=G8nxvO0/ndUTYZevJH0Tjg==, figureFileBig=ZORkg27TCQaGbBQiIViJUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723698949767237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Schematic diagram of arc development path on Type-Ⅳ insulator, figureFileSmall=fsi1+T0tkp2hzYgkgSpxIQ==, figureFileBig=OW/JMPTYmW0/OwUjTzQb5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723699046236231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
Ⅳ号绝缘子电弧发展路径示意图, figureFileSmall=fsi1+T0tkp2hzYgkgSpxIQ==, figureFileBig=OW/JMPTYmW0/OwUjTzQb5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723699167871049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Arc development path when Type-I and Type-V insulators experience complete flashover, figureFileSmall=NvYztpYvYirae3hZFV4+lg==, figureFileBig=hKK28IIXCEKhj2DxmamojQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723699272728651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
Ⅰ号和Ⅴ号绝缘子完全闪络时电弧发展路径, figureFileSmall=NvYztpYvYirae3hZFV4+lg==, figureFileBig=hKK28IIXCEKhj2DxmamojQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723699356614733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Leakage current waveform at the moment of flashover of Type-I insulator, figureFileSmall=HnPhzogz9oqbaAdpHEEmCg==, figureFileBig=KWEj/jnL/XaPNrDTvDFUkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723699599884367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
Ⅰ号绝缘子临闪时刻泄漏电流波形, figureFileSmall=HnPhzogz9oqbaAdpHEEmCg==, figureFileBig=KWEj/jnL/XaPNrDTvDFUkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190723699687964753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
The main technical parameters of insulators
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编 号 | 干弧 距离 L/mm | 杆径 D/mm | 伞裙直径 D1, D2, D3/ mm | 伞间距 d1, d2, d3/mm | 各伞裙 数量n1, n2, n3 | 伞裙结构 |
| Ⅰ | 2 092 | 27 | 140, 无, 106 | 72, 无, 36 | 25, 无, 25 | 1大1小 |
| Ⅱ | 1 934 | 28 | 147, 无, 112 | 77, 无, 38.5 | 24, 无, 24 | 1大1小 |
| Ⅲ | 2 260 | 27 | 120, 无, 80 | 81, 无, 27 | 27, 无, 54 | 1大2小 |
| Ⅳ | 1 960 | 28 | 175, 无, 90 | 93, 无, 31 | 19, 无, 38 | 1大2小 |
| Ⅴ | 2 037 | 27 | 130, 100, 70 | 108, 54, 27 | 20, 20, 40 | 1大1小 1中1小 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723699847348307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
绝缘子主要技术参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编 号 | 干弧 距离 L/mm | 杆径 D/mm | 伞裙直径 D1, D2, D3/ mm | 伞间距 d1, d2, d3/mm | 各伞裙 数量n1, n2, n3 | 伞裙结构 |
| Ⅰ | 2 092 | 27 | 140, 无, 106 | 72, 无, 36 | 25, 无, 25 | 1大1小 |
| Ⅱ | 1 934 | 28 | 147, 无, 112 | 77, 无, 38.5 | 24, 无, 24 | 1大1小 |
| Ⅲ | 2 260 | 27 | 120, 无, 80 | 81, 无, 27 | 27, 无, 54 | 1大2小 |
| Ⅳ | 1 960 | 28 | 175, 无, 90 | 93, 无, 31 | 19, 无, 38 | 1大2小 |
| Ⅴ | 2 037 | 27 | 130, 100, 70 | 108, 54, 27 | 20, 20, 40 | 1大1小 1中1小 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723699943817301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
AC flashover voltage test values of composite insulators per unit insulation height under different H and γ
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| γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | Ⅰ号 | | Ⅱ号 | | Ⅲ号 | | Ⅳ号 | | Ⅴ号 |
| Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) |
| 320 | 3 | 289.8 | 3.6 | 322.0 | 2.6 | 326.6 | 1.0 | 342.2 | 3.3 | 294.6 | 3.7 |
| 9 | 253.9 | 4.3 | 264.9 | 3.5 | 284.8 | 3.8 | 299.6 | 1.7 | 257.7 | 2.4 |
| 15 | 233.0 | 2.1 | 249.8 | 1.1 | 248.0 | 1.7 | 235.4 | 2.9 | 235.6 | 1.6 |
| 600 | 3 | 256.9 | 2.5 | 264.1 | 1.9 | 277.8 | 2.5 | 293.3 | 2.1 | 257.7 | 2.9 |
| 9 | 212.1 | 3.9 | 217.2 | 3.1 | 212.1 | 2.9 | 235.1 | 3.0 | 198.8 | 3.5 |
| 15 | 191.2 | 1.7 | 200.4 | 3.7 | 182.2 | 3.1 | 193.9 | 2.9 | 179.2 | 2.8 |
| 900 | 3 | 224.1 | 3.8 | 232.9 | 1.1 | 250.9 | 3.7 | 266.6 | 3.9 | 230.7 | 3.0 |
| 9 | 179.3 | 2.6 | 189.3 | 2.0 | 191.2 | 2.6 | 208.6 | 2.4 | 179.2 | 2.6 |
| 15 | 155.4 | 2.7 | 175.5 | 2.9 | 164.3 | 1.4 | 174.5 | 3.7 | 154.6 | 3.1 |
| 1 400 | 3 | 197.2 | 3.4 | 207.4 | 3.4 | 231.0 | 3.6 | 227.8 | 3.2 | 203.7 | 3.7 |
| 9 | 155.4 | 2.9 | 167.5 | 3.9 | 173.2 | 2.8 | 174.3 | 3.6 | 159.5 | 2.8 |
| 15 | 131.5 | 3.6 | 147.6 | 1.5 | 146.4 | 1.3 | 132.4 | 2.2 | 139.9 | 2.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723700115783767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同H、γ下复合绝缘子单位绝缘高度交流闪络电压试验值
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| γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | Ⅰ号 | | Ⅱ号 | | Ⅲ号 | | Ⅳ号 | | Ⅴ号 |
| Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) | Eh/(kV/m) | σu(%) |
| 320 | 3 | 289.8 | 3.6 | 322.0 | 2.6 | 326.6 | 1.0 | 342.2 | 3.3 | 294.6 | 3.7 |
| 9 | 253.9 | 4.3 | 264.9 | 3.5 | 284.8 | 3.8 | 299.6 | 1.7 | 257.7 | 2.4 |
| 15 | 233.0 | 2.1 | 249.8 | 1.1 | 248.0 | 1.7 | 235.4 | 2.9 | 235.6 | 1.6 |
| 600 | 3 | 256.9 | 2.5 | 264.1 | 1.9 | 277.8 | 2.5 | 293.3 | 2.1 | 257.7 | 2.9 |
| 9 | 212.1 | 3.9 | 217.2 | 3.1 | 212.1 | 2.9 | 235.1 | 3.0 | 198.8 | 3.5 |
| 15 | 191.2 | 1.7 | 200.4 | 3.7 | 182.2 | 3.1 | 193.9 | 2.9 | 179.2 | 2.8 |
| 900 | 3 | 224.1 | 3.8 | 232.9 | 1.1 | 250.9 | 3.7 | 266.6 | 3.9 | 230.7 | 3.0 |
| 9 | 179.3 | 2.6 | 189.3 | 2.0 | 191.2 | 2.6 | 208.6 | 2.4 | 179.2 | 2.6 |
| 15 | 155.4 | 2.7 | 175.5 | 2.9 | 164.3 | 1.4 | 174.5 | 3.7 | 154.6 | 3.1 |
| 1 400 | 3 | 197.2 | 3.4 | 207.4 | 3.4 | 231.0 | 3.6 | 227.8 | 3.2 | 203.7 | 3.7 |
| 9 | 155.4 | 2.9 | 167.5 | 3.9 | 173.2 | 2.8 | 174.3 | 3.6 | 159.5 | 2.8 |
| 15 | 131.5 | 3.6 | 147.6 | 1.5 | 146.4 | 1.3 | 132.4 | 2.2 | 139.9 | 2.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723700241612889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
The maximum length x of rain shed along the edge of the shed under different H and γ
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| γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | Ⅰ号 | | Ⅱ号 | | Ⅲ号 | | Ⅳ号 | | Ⅴ号 |
| x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) |
| 320 | 3 | 34.7 | 4.6 | 36.4 | 5.1 | 34.9 | 3.4 | 38.4 | 2.8 | 38.2 | 4.9 |
| 9 | 37.2 | 6.5 | 41.8 | 4.5 | 37.7 | 2.6 | 42.3 | 3.7 | 41.6 | 5.3 |
| 15 | 41.6 | 5.1 | 43.5 | 3.8 | 42.1 | 5.9 | 45.5 | 4.6 | 44.0 | 4.1 |
| 600 | 3 | 35.3 | 4.9 | 36.2 | 3.6 | 33.6 | 3.2 | 37.4 | 4.9 | 38.1 | 3.7 |
| 9 | 37.7 | 3.7 | 40.1 | 2.5 | 36.5 | 4.7 | 43.0 | 5.4 | 42.8 | 2.2 |
| 15 | 42.5 | 3.0 | 43.7 | 4.3 | 43.8 | 5.1 | 44.6 | 4.2 | 44.6 | 6.4 |
| 900 | 3 | 35.6 | 2.8 | 37.4 | 1.9 | 32.5 | 6.8 | 38.7 | 3.8 | 37.3 | 6.0 |
| 9 | 37.5 | 4.4 | 39.6 | 3.7 | 35.7 | 2.0 | 42.8 | 3.1 | 42.0 | 4.5 |
| 15 | 41.3 | 5.2 | 44.4 | 4.0 | 41.8 | 4.6 | 45.1 | 4.0 | 43.7 | 5.5 |
| 1 400 | 3 | 34.8 | 6.4 | 37.3 | 6.8 | 33.1 | 5.5 | 37.9 | 2.9 | 37.6 | 4.8 |
| 9 | 38.4 | 2.3 | 40.3 | 5.1 | 36.3 | 6.3 | 42.5 | 2.4 | 42.4 | 2.6 |
| 15 | 42.9 | 3.7 | 44.4 | 5.9 | 42.7 | 6.1 | 45.2 | 6.6 | 44.1 | 3.2 |
| 雨柱长度在大伞间空气间隙的平均占比(%) | 53.2 | | 52.5 | | 46.4 | | 45.1 | | 38.3 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723700350664795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同H、γ下伞裙边沿雨柱最大长度x
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| γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | Ⅰ号 | | Ⅱ号 | | Ⅲ号 | | Ⅳ号 | | Ⅴ号 |
| x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) | x/mm | σx(%) |
| 320 | 3 | 34.7 | 4.6 | 36.4 | 5.1 | 34.9 | 3.4 | 38.4 | 2.8 | 38.2 | 4.9 |
| 9 | 37.2 | 6.5 | 41.8 | 4.5 | 37.7 | 2.6 | 42.3 | 3.7 | 41.6 | 5.3 |
| 15 | 41.6 | 5.1 | 43.5 | 3.8 | 42.1 | 5.9 | 45.5 | 4.6 | 44.0 | 4.1 |
| 600 | 3 | 35.3 | 4.9 | 36.2 | 3.6 | 33.6 | 3.2 | 37.4 | 4.9 | 38.1 | 3.7 |
| 9 | 37.7 | 3.7 | 40.1 | 2.5 | 36.5 | 4.7 | 43.0 | 5.4 | 42.8 | 2.2 |
| 15 | 42.5 | 3.0 | 43.7 | 4.3 | 43.8 | 5.1 | 44.6 | 4.2 | 44.6 | 6.4 |
| 900 | 3 | 35.6 | 2.8 | 37.4 | 1.9 | 32.5 | 6.8 | 38.7 | 3.8 | 37.3 | 6.0 |
| 9 | 37.5 | 4.4 | 39.6 | 3.7 | 35.7 | 2.0 | 42.8 | 3.1 | 42.0 | 4.5 |
| 15 | 41.3 | 5.2 | 44.4 | 4.0 | 41.8 | 4.6 | 45.1 | 4.0 | 43.7 | 5.5 |
| 1 400 | 3 | 34.8 | 6.4 | 37.3 | 6.8 | 33.1 | 5.5 | 37.9 | 2.9 | 37.6 | 4.8 |
| 9 | 38.4 | 2.3 | 40.3 | 5.1 | 36.3 | 6.3 | 42.5 | 2.4 | 42.4 | 2.6 |
| 15 | 42.9 | 3.7 | 44.4 | 5.9 | 42.7 | 6.1 | 45.2 | 6.6 | 44.1 | 3.2 |
| 雨柱长度在大伞间空气间隙的平均占比(%) | 53.2 | | 52.5 | | 46.4 | | 45.1 | | 38.3 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723700472299613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Fitting parameters of Eh and H
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| 编号 | A | a | R2 |
| Ⅰ | 286.51 | 0.220 7 | 0.988 7 |
| Ⅱ | 303.97 | 0.218 2 | 0.998 5 |
| Ⅲ | 333.91 | 0.258 5 | 0.996 7 |
| Ⅳ | 353.20 | 0.251 6 | 0.977 6 |
| Ⅴ | 302.10 | 0.243 3 | 0.994 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723700593934431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
交流闪络电压与降雨强度拟合参数
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| 编号 | A | a | R2 |
| Ⅰ | 286.51 | 0.220 7 | 0.988 7 |
| Ⅱ | 303.97 | 0.218 2 | 0.998 5 |
| Ⅲ | 333.91 | 0.258 5 | 0.996 7 |
| Ⅳ | 353.20 | 0.251 6 | 0.977 6 |
| Ⅴ | 302.10 | 0.243 3 | 0.994 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723700853981281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Fitting parameters of Eh and γ
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| 编号 | B | b | R2 |
| Ⅰ | 1 742.41 | 0.332 7 | 0.991 8 |
| Ⅱ | 1 802.96 | 0.329 9 | 0.997 1 |
| Ⅲ | 1 779.37 | 0.326 5 | 0.967 7 |
| Ⅳ | 2 007.24 | 0.335 2 | 0.996 0 |
| Ⅴ | 1 759.19 | 0.335 3 | 0.976 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723701139193955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
交流闪络电压与雨水电导率拟合参数
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| 编号 | B | b | R2 |
| Ⅰ | 1 742.41 | 0.332 7 | 0.991 8 |
| Ⅱ | 1 802.96 | 0.329 9 | 0.997 1 |
| Ⅲ | 1 779.37 | 0.326 5 | 0.967 7 |
| Ⅳ | 2 007.24 | 0.335 2 | 0.996 0 |
| Ⅴ | 1 759.19 | 0.335 3 | 0.976 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723701478932581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=
Fitting parameters of Eh with H and γ
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| 编号 | C | m | n | R2 |
| Ⅰ | 2 239.37 | 0.179 6 | 0.312 0 | 0.967 7 |
| Ⅱ | 2 470.21 | 0.175 3 | 0.319 0 | 0.995 4 |
| Ⅲ | 2 513.05 | 0.222 6 | 0.304 7 | 0.955 2 |
| Ⅳ | 2 839.19 | 0.237 6 | 0.313 7 | 0.950 6 |
| Ⅴ | 2 187.15 | 0.195 9 | 0.302 9 | 0.967 7 |
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交流闪络电压与H、γ拟合参数
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| 编号 | C | m | n | R2 |
| Ⅰ | 2 239.37 | 0.179 6 | 0.312 0 | 0.967 7 |
| Ⅱ | 2 470.21 | 0.175 3 | 0.319 0 | 0.995 4 |
| Ⅲ | 2 513.05 | 0.222 6 | 0.304 7 | 0.955 2 |
| Ⅳ | 2 839.19 | 0.237 6 | 0.313 7 | 0.950 6 |
| Ⅴ | 2 187.15 | 0.195 9 | 0.302 9 | 0.967 7 |
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Experimental and calculated values of the rain lightning voltage gradient Eh
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| 编号 | γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | 试验值/ (kV/m) | 计算值/ (kV/m) | 相对误差(%) |
| Ⅰ | 500 | 6 | 241.2 | 233.5 | 3.2 |
| 500 | 12 | 210.7 | 206.2 | 2.1 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 184.0 | 177.7 | 3.4 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 160.6 | 156.9 | 2.3 |
| Ⅱ | 500 | 6 | 254.9 | 248.5 | 2.5 |
| 500 | 12 | 227.5 | 220.1 | 3.3 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 186.1 | 188.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 162.4 | 166.5 | 2.5 |
| Ⅲ | 500 | 6 | 263.8 | 253.9 | 3.8 |
| 500 | 12 | 225.7 | 217.6 | 3.6 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 206.3 | 194.4 | 5.8 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 175.0 | 166.6 | 4.8 |
| Ⅳ | 500 | 6 | 260.3 | 264.0 | 1.4 |
| 500 | 12 | 218.5 | 223.9 | 2.5 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 194.1 | 200.6 | 3.3 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 164.9 | 170.2 | 3.2 |
| Ⅴ | 500 | 6 | 239.5 | 234.4 | 2.1 |
| 500 | 12 | 207.9 | 204.6 | 1.6 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 184.0 | 179.8 | 2.3 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 161.2 | 157.0 | 2.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723701789311083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
雨闪电压梯度Eh的试验值及计算值
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| 编号 | γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | 试验值/ (kV/m) | 计算值/ (kV/m) | 相对误差(%) |
| Ⅰ | 500 | 6 | 241.2 | 233.5 | 3.2 |
| 500 | 12 | 210.7 | 206.2 | 2.1 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 184.0 | 177.7 | 3.4 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 160.6 | 156.9 | 2.3 |
| Ⅱ | 500 | 6 | 254.9 | 248.5 | 2.5 |
| 500 | 12 | 227.5 | 220.1 | 3.3 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 186.1 | 188.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 162.4 | 166.5 | 2.5 |
| Ⅲ | 500 | 6 | 263.8 | 253.9 | 3.8 |
| 500 | 12 | 225.7 | 217.6 | 3.6 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 206.3 | 194.4 | 5.8 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 175.0 | 166.6 | 4.8 |
| Ⅳ | 500 | 6 | 260.3 | 264.0 | 1.4 |
| 500 | 12 | 218.5 | 223.9 | 2.5 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 194.1 | 200.6 | 3.3 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 164.9 | 170.2 | 3.2 |
| Ⅴ | 500 | 6 | 239.5 | 234.4 | 2.1 |
| 500 | 12 | 207.9 | 204.6 | 1.6 |
| 1 200 | 6 | 184.0 | 179.8 | 2.3 |
| 1 200 | 12 | 161.2 | 157.0 | 2.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190723701902557293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190306094246359042, articleId=1190597295637938975, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=
Statistical results of critical leakage current for Type-I insulator
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| γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | Ⅰ号绝缘子临界闪络电流ICR/mA |
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 |
| 320 | 3 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.24 |
| 9 | 0.38 | 0.92 | 0.51 |
| 15 | 0.53 | 1.15 | 0.83 |
| 600 | 3 | 0.22 | 0.64 | 0.35 |
| 9 | 0.41 | 1.09 | 0.74 |
| 15 | 0.63 | 1.60 | 1.06 |
| 900 | 3 | 0.36 | 1.37 | 0.57 |
| 9 | 0.62 | 1.59 | 0.93 |
| 15 | 0.87 | 1.54 | 1.38 |
| 1 400 | 3 | 0.77 | 1.63 | 0.99 |
| 9 | 0.95 | 1.88 | 1.43 |
| 15 | 1.45 | 2.92 | 2.19 |
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Ⅰ号绝缘子临界泄漏电流ICR统计结果
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| γ/(μS/cm) | H/(mm/min) | Ⅰ号绝缘子临界闪络电流ICR/mA |
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 |
| 320 | 3 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.24 |
| 9 | 0.38 | 0.92 | 0.51 |
| 15 | 0.53 | 1.15 | 0.83 |
| 600 | 3 | 0.22 | 0.64 | 0.35 |
| 9 | 0.41 | 1.09 | 0.74 |
| 15 | 0.63 | 1.60 | 1.06 |
| 900 | 3 | 0.36 | 1.37 | 0.57 |
| 9 | 0.62 | 1.59 | 0.93 |
| 15 | 0.87 | 1.54 | 1.38 |
| 1 400 | 3 | 0.77 | 1.63 | 0.99 |
| 9 | 0.95 | 1.88 | 1.43 |
| 15 | 1.45 | 2.92 | 2.19 |
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