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High-speed centrifugal pumps are widely used in industry and aerospace, and their performance is affected by the matching of the number of inducer and impeller blades. In order to study the effect of different matching relationships on the pump performance, numerical simulations based on the RNG k-ε model are carried out using ANSYS-CFX software, and the accuracy of numerical calculations is verified by external characteristic tests. By analyzing six matching relationships of inducer blades with 3 and 4, and impeller blades with 5, 6, and 7, the results indicate that when the number of impeller blades is fixed, the head is improved at small flow rates but reduced at large flow rates while increasing the number of inducer blades. Keeping the number of inducer blades unchanged, the head is improved while increasing the number of impeller blades, especially at large flow rates. Increasing the number of inducer blades expands the range of vacuole distribution, while changing the number of impeller blades has less effect on cavitation performance.

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高速离心泵在工业和航空航天中被广泛应用,其性能受诱导轮和叶轮叶片数匹配的影响。为研究这一匹配关系对泵性能的影响,使用ANSYS-CFX软件基于RNG k-ε模型进行数值模拟,并通过外特性试验验证数值计算的准确性。通过分析诱导轮叶片数为3、4,叶轮叶片数为5、6、7的6种组合,发现在叶轮叶片数固定时,增加诱导轮叶片数能提升小流量时的扬程,但在大流量时降低扬程;而保持诱导轮叶片数不变时,增加叶轮叶片数有助于提高扬程,尤其在大流量下更为显著。试验结果表明增加诱导轮叶片数会扩大空泡分布范围,而改变叶轮叶片数对空化性能的影响较小。

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王席璞(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

符 丽(1991—),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为叶轮机械流动分析。

李鹏兴(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

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王席璞(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

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王席璞(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

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符 丽(1991—),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为叶轮机械流动分析。

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符 丽(1991—),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为叶轮机械流动分析。

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李鹏兴(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

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李鹏兴(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

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language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同空化余量下监测点压力脉动时域图, figureFileSmall=JeYOj3b5wFqLrX6HzPDU0g==, figureFileBig=TwG/RKYOItI7UIN5e2sFVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261025938679128296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851061444677, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main geometric parameters of high speed centrifugal pump

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模型主要参数数值
叶轮进口直径D1/mm84
出口直径D2/mm152
叶片数Z16
出口宽度b/mm15
轮毂直径Dh/mm43
叶轮进口安放角β/(°)16
诱导轮叶片数Z24
轮缘直径Dy/mm84
后掠角Δφ/(°)72
轮缘出口安放角βy2/(°)18
), ArticleFig(id=1261025938804957419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851061444677, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

高速离心泵主要几何参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型主要参数数值
叶轮进口直径D1/mm84
出口直径D2/mm152
叶片数Z16
出口宽度b/mm15
轮毂直径Dh/mm43
叶轮进口安放角β/(°)16
诱导轮叶片数Z24
轮缘直径Dy/mm84
后掠角Δφ/(°)72
轮缘出口安放角βy2/(°)18
), ArticleFig(id=1261025938934980846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851061444677, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Research plan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号方案1方案2方案3方案4方案5方案6
诱导轮叶片数343434
叶轮叶片数556677
), ArticleFig(id=1261025939169861874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851061444677, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号方案1方案2方案3方案4方案5方案6
诱导轮叶片数343434
叶轮叶片数556677
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诱导轮与叶轮叶片数匹配对高速离心泵空化性能的影响
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王席璞 1 , 符丽 1, 2 , 李鹏兴 1, 3
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 环境与试验技术 2026,49(2): 87-96
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 环境与试验技术 2026, 49(2): 87-96
诱导轮与叶轮叶片数匹配对高速离心泵空化性能的影响
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王席璞1, 符丽1, 2, 李鹏兴1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州,730050
  • 2.利欧集团浙江泵业有限公司,台州,318002
  • 3.兰州理工大学特种泵阀及流控系统教育部重点实验室,兰州,730050
  • 王席璞(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

    符 丽(1991—),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为叶轮机械流动分析。

    李鹏兴(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流体机械流动分析。

The Influence of Matching Inducer and Impeller Blade Count on the Cavitation Performance of High-speed Centrifugal Pumps
Xipu WANG1, Li FU1, 2, Pengxing LI1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050
  • 2.Leo Group Zhejiang Pump Industry Co. , Ltd. , Taizhou, 318002
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Advanced Pumps, Valves and Fluid Control System of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260211
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高速离心泵在工业和航空航天中被广泛应用,其性能受诱导轮和叶轮叶片数匹配的影响。为研究这一匹配关系对泵性能的影响,使用ANSYS-CFX软件基于RNG k-ε模型进行数值模拟,并通过外特性试验验证数值计算的准确性。通过分析诱导轮叶片数为3、4,叶轮叶片数为5、6、7的6种组合,发现在叶轮叶片数固定时,增加诱导轮叶片数能提升小流量时的扬程,但在大流量时降低扬程;而保持诱导轮叶片数不变时,增加叶轮叶片数有助于提高扬程,尤其在大流量下更为显著。试验结果表明增加诱导轮叶片数会扩大空泡分布范围,而改变叶轮叶片数对空化性能的影响较小。

高速离心泵  /  诱导轮  /  空化  /  叶片数  /  数值模拟

High-speed centrifugal pumps are widely used in industry and aerospace, and their performance is affected by the matching of the number of inducer and impeller blades. In order to study the effect of different matching relationships on the pump performance, numerical simulations based on the RNG k-ε model are carried out using ANSYS-CFX software, and the accuracy of numerical calculations is verified by external characteristic tests. By analyzing six matching relationships of inducer blades with 3 and 4, and impeller blades with 5, 6, and 7, the results indicate that when the number of impeller blades is fixed, the head is improved at small flow rates but reduced at large flow rates while increasing the number of inducer blades. Keeping the number of inducer blades unchanged, the head is improved while increasing the number of impeller blades, especially at large flow rates. Increasing the number of inducer blades expands the range of vacuole distribution, while changing the number of impeller blades has less effect on cavitation performance.

high speed centrifugal pump  /  inducer  /  cavitation  /  blade number  /  numerical simulation
王席璞, 符丽, 李鹏兴. 诱导轮与叶轮叶片数匹配对高速离心泵空化性能的影响. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2026 , 49 (2) : 87 -96 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260211
Xipu WANG, Li FU, Pengxing LI. The Influence of Matching Inducer and Impeller Blade Count on the Cavitation Performance of High-speed Centrifugal Pumps[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2026 , 49 (2) : 87 -96 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260211
高速离心泵因其流量适中、扬程大、结构简单及组件紧凑等优点,被广泛应用于多个工业领域。在航空航天领域,高速离心泵凭借其较高的扬程、良好的环境适应能力、能提高推进系统效率和增强系统可靠性等优势,成为不可或缺的重要组成部分1。然而,由于高速运行带来的流动复杂性,其内部流动容易发生空化等现象。空化不仅会导致泵效率下降,还可能对机械部件造成严重损害,进而影响航天器的正常运行。从更广泛的流体动力学角度来看,空化现象及其引发的效率下降、性能衰减和设备故障问题,在涡轮机械、船舶推进、水力发电等各类流体机械系统中均具有普遍性和共性特征。因此,在流体机械领域,优化高速离心泵的抗空化性能始终是一个备受重视的研究方向。
目前,已知在离心泵中加入诱导轮可以在一定程度上抵御空化,提高离心泵的空化性能2-3。但若诱导轮与离心泵匹配不合理,也会导致泵效率降低和能量损耗增加4-6。许陈栋等7通过改变诱导轮叶片参数得出增加叶片数、减小叶片的厚度可以提高诱导轮的扬程,从而降低离心泵的临界空化余量。冷洪飞等8通过数值方法探索研究了叶轮与诱导轮之间的轴向距离匹配对离心泵性能的影响,发现随着轴向距离增加,扬程和效率也随之增加,必需空化余量降低,压力脉动幅值增加。李仁年等9探讨了诱导轮出口与叶轮进口轴向投影的夹角(简称偏转角)对离心泵叶轮空化性能的影响,研究发现,诱导轮与叶轮在不同偏转角下表现出相似的空化特性,但当偏转角为5°时,离心泵的水力性能表现较优。Wang等10研究了诱导轮和叶轮之间的轴向距离和圆周偏转对空化性能的影响,发现在保持诱导轮和叶轮的几何形状不变的情况下,改变轴向距离和圆周偏转均可提升泵的空化性能,但改变轴向距离效果更为显著。郭晓梅等11对比分析了不同诱导轮结构对离心泵水力性能及空化特性的影响规律,结果发现在相同流量下,前置等螺距诱导轮的扬程最低,在改善空化性能方面,前置变螺距诱导轮效果最好。王晓娜等12通过研究不同几何形状环形槽对高速诱导轮空化性能的影响,发现单曲率槽使泵的必需空化余量显著降低27.0%,双曲率槽和矩形槽分别降低14.7%和5.4%。
目前,关于离心泵与诱导轮匹配关系的研究大多集中于诱导轮的结构参数13-16。然而,针对诱导轮和叶轮叶片数匹配这一关键因素对高速离心泵性能影响的研究仍相对不足。特别是对于不同叶片数匹配条件下流场特征与能量转换机制的关联规律,仍需要进一步深入探究。因此本文结合数值计算与试验验证,系统分析了诱导轮(3片和4片)与叶轮(5片、6片、7片)6种叶片数组合方案,探讨了不同匹配对泵的外特性及空化性能的影响规律。研究结果为离心泵内流动机理的深入理解及稳定性提升提供了理论依据,并为泵性能的优化设计提供了重要参考。
本文以一台带前置诱导轮的高速离心泵为研究对象,其主要性能参数为:设计流量Qd=90 m3/h,设计扬程H=52 m,设计转速n=5 500 r/min。具体结构如图1所示,主要几何参数如表1所示。
为研究不同诱导轮与叶轮叶片数匹配关系下的高速离心泵水力性能和空化性能,在保证其他条件不变时,仅改变其叶片数,设计诱导轮叶片数为3、4,叶轮叶片数为5、6、7的6种不同组合方案如表2所示。
借助ANSYS ICEM软件采用非结构四面体网格对离心泵模型进行分块网格划分,并对诱导轮与叶轮叶片的前后缘部分进行网格加密,如图2所示。通过构建6套不同密度的网格模型开展了网格无关性验证。不同网格尺度下泵扬程变化规律如图3所示。由图3可知,当网格数量达到432万时,泵的扬程基本趋于稳定。因此,最终计算中网格总数控制在432万左右,以兼顾计算精度与计算资源的合理利用。
在高速度离心泵的湍流模型选择中,需要充分考虑流体内部的旋涡结构和复杂的旋转流动特性。选用RNG模型可以在非均匀及旋转流动条件下表现出更佳的稳定性和收敛性,提升数值模拟的精度。
在进行空化计算时,使用CFX数值模拟软件中的默认Zwart-Gerber-Belamri(Z-G-B)空化模型,这是Kubota空化模型的改进版本17,该模型通过纳入气泡的动态行为,能够精确模拟气泡在流场中的迁移与演变,尤其适用于复杂流动环境中的空化现象。本文采用该空化模型进行了分析研究,其相变率为
Re=Fvap3αnuc1-αvρvRB23Pv-Pρl, PPv
Rc=Fcond3αvρvRB23P-Pvρl, P>Pv
式中 Fvap为汽化系数,一般取50;冷凝系数Fcond=10-2;汽核的体积分数αnuc=5×104;汽泡半径RB=10-6 m。
进口边界条件设定为压力进口,边界压力取实际工况下的压力值,出口边界条件设定为不同工况下的流量或质量流量。在模型中,叶轮和诱导轮所在区域被定义为旋转域,其余区域为静止域。在旋转域内,固体壁面被设定为随叶轮旋转的流体壁面。在ANSYS-CFX的设置中,所有计算域的壁面均默认无滑移,且忽略了表面粗糙度的影响。在泵的全流场计算域中,设定相邻部件之间的交界面,并将叶轮与诱导轮接触的面设定为动-静交界面,其余交界面设定为静-静交界面。计算的残差精度收敛至10-6
通过试验可以验证数值计算的准确性,图4a为高速离心泵试验台的实物图。图4b4c对诱导轮叶片数为4、叶轮叶片数为6的原模型泵的数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比。由图4可知,扬程差异不超过2.4%,效率差异不超2.1%,其离心泵临界空化余量的试验值为4.92 m,数值计算值为5.03 m,相对误差为2.2%,均小于5%。试验结果与数值模拟的误差在标准允许范围内,这表明该模型和数值计算方法在研究工作中是可靠的。
不同诱导轮与叶轮叶片数匹配关系下的高速离心泵在各工况点的运行情况如图5所示。图5中横坐标为无量纲流量Q/Qd
图5a可知,6种匹配模型的外特性曲线变化趋势基本一致。其中,叶轮叶片数为7的方案5和方案6的扬程均明显高于其他几种方案,尤其是在大流量工况下。
这说明相对于诱导轮叶片数,叶轮叶片数在一定范围内的增加对离心泵扬程的增大具有直接作用。随着流量减小,叶轮叶片数对离心泵扬程的影响程度逐渐变小。
图5b可知,当Z2=7时,方案5(Z1=3)在1.4Qd工况下的扬程比方案6(Z1=4)提升了2%,而在0.4Qd工况下下降了0.4%。当Z2=6时,方案3(Z1=3)在1.4Qd工况下比方案4(Z1=4)提升了3%,在低流量时差异较小。对于Z2=5,方案1(Z1=3)在1.4Qd工况下较方案2(Z1=4)提升了7%,在0.4Qd工况下下降了0.2%。这些结果表明,在相同叶轮叶片数下,适当减少诱导轮叶片数可在高流量工况下提升离心泵扬程,尤其在叶轮叶片数较少时效果更显著;而在低流量工况下,诱导轮叶片数的变化对扬程影响较小。
高速离心泵进口总压降低,空化现象加剧,导致扬程和效率下降,通过绘制有效空化余量与扬程的关系曲线,来分析和预测泵的空化性能。有效空化余量NPSHa(Na)定义为
Na=pin-pvρg+vs22g
式中 pin为进口压力;pv为饱和蒸汽压,pv=3 169 Pa;vs为进口流速。
图6为不同叶片匹配下高速离心泵在设计工况下的空化特性曲线,所有6种方案的扬程均随着有效空化余量的降低而减少,说明空化发生时泵的扬程会下降。根据扬程的变化,空化过程分为4个阶段:初生空化阶段(ab),此阶段泵的扬程基本保持不变;发展空化阶段(bc),扬程开始缓慢下降;当扬程下降至3%时,即c点,泵进入临界空化状态(以方案3为例);严重空化阶段(c点左侧),随着Na的进一步降低,高速离心泵内部的严重空化导致流动不稳定性急剧增加和压力骤降,最终使扬程急剧下降。图7为6种不同方案下高速离心泵的临界空化余量(Na),其值分别为方案1至方案6的4.84 m、4.89 m、4.6 m、5.03 m、5.15 m和4.72 m。结果表明,方案3(Z1=3,Z2=6)具备最佳空化性能,而方案5(Z1=3,Z2=7)表现最差。当叶轮叶片数为5时,方案1(Z1=3,Z2=5)与方案2(Z1=4,Z2=5)之间的Na差异为1%;叶轮叶片数为6时,方案3与方案4(Z1=4,Z2=6)相差8%;叶轮叶片数为7时,方案5与方案6(Z1=4,Z2=7)相差8.3%。这些数据表明,在叶轮叶片数为5和6时,增加诱导轮叶片数会显著降低泵的空化性能,尤其在Z2=6时效果更为明显;而在叶轮叶片数为7时,增加诱导轮叶片数则提升了空化性能。此外,当诱导轮叶片数为3时,叶轮叶片数为6的方案3具有最低的临界空化余量;而诱导轮叶片数为4时,叶轮叶片数为6的方案4则拥有最高的Na。因此,方案3和方案6在各自配置下展现出最佳的空化性能和临界空化余量。
为探究诱导轮及叶轮叶栅上空化现象的发展机制,选取原模型方案(Z1=4,Z2=6)在不同有效空化余量条件下,距离诱导轮和叶轮轮缘0.5L处(L为从轮毂到轮缘的距离)的叶栅空泡分布图,如图8所示。空泡体积分数为0代表此处只有液体存在。随着空泡体积分数的增大,空泡逐渐出现并增多,直至空泡体积分数为1时,该区域全被空泡占领。由图8可知,当Na为9.8 m时,在诱导轮和叶轮的叶片上均无空泡的产生,这表明此时诱导轮和叶轮都未经历空化现象。随着有效空化余量的降低,Na为6.8 m,诱导轮和叶轮叶片吸力面开始出现一些微小的空泡,但空泡较少不影响扬程,此时称为初生空化阶段。当Na为5.7 m时,诱导轮叶片吸力面的空化面积有所增加,同时叶片前缘处空泡体积分数也随之增大。这些空泡依旧主要分布在叶片的吸力面上且向流体流动方向蔓延。同时,叶轮流道内仍未出现空泡,叶轮做功不受影响,使得离心泵的扬程仅有极微小的稳定下降,此时为发展空化阶段。当有效空化余量继续下降为4.8 m时,诱导轮叶片吸力面和压力面均有空泡产生,其做功能力受到影响,叶轮叶片进口处也有空泡产生,导致扬程下降3%,进入临界空化状态。Na为4.5 m时,已经进入严重空化阶段。随着液体流向叶轮,空泡将扩展至叶轮的叶片通道内,叶轮的每个流道都充满空泡,且空泡体积分数较大,严重影响其做功能力,泵的扬程骤降,导致无法正常运行。
图9为各方案在不同有效空化余量下的空泡分布,通过分析6种匹配方案下诱导轮及叶轮流道中的空泡位置,阐明了不同匹配关系对高速离心泵空泡分布的作用机制。结果表明,随着有效空化余量的逐步降低,空泡演变过程趋于相同。Na为6.8 m时,空泡最先出现在部分诱导轮叶片和叶轮叶片前缘的吸力面,且分布区域小,此时泵内流动未受干扰,不会影响泵扬程和性能。Na为5.7 m时,空泡持续增加并呈现聚集的趋势,空泡主要聚集在诱导轮上游流道弯管内侧。流体在管道弯曲处受到向心力作用,导致流速增大,从而在弯曲处形成低压区,促进空化现象的发生。随着进口压力的持续下降,当Na降至4.8 m时,泵进入方案1的临界空化阶段。在各匹配方案下,弯管侧的空泡积聚逐渐加重,并向诱导轮流道扩展。诱导轮叶片吸力面上的片状空化层逐渐增厚,叶轮叶片进口边吸力面上的空泡区域显著增多,导致离心泵扬程缓慢下降。当Na降至4.5 m时,各方案中诱导轮内部的空泡分布范围趋于一致,空泡几乎阻塞了整个诱导轮流道,使其无法产生能量。此外,叶轮叶片前缘吸力面的低压区逐渐向出口方向扩展,其中方案4和方案5的低压区扩散速度较快,几乎覆盖整个叶轮流域,导致空化性能较差。相比之下,其他方案的低压区扩散程度较低,且方案3的叶轮空泡分布区域最小。因此,方案3展现出较优的空化性能。
图10为各方案在不同有效空化余量下的空泡分布,由图10可知不同方案的压力分布规律相似。当Na为6.8 m时,静压分布呈现较为均匀的特征,诱导轮和叶轮内部的压力保持较高水平。然而,在叶轮叶片与诱导轮叶片前缘的吸力面顶端,出现了低压区,表明该区域易发生空化。随着有效空化余量的降低,当Na为5.7 m时,诱导轮叶顶前缘的低压区开始扩散,叶轮流道内未出现显著的低压区域,表明空化主要存在于诱导轮内部,对叶轮内部流动的影响较小。当Na为4.8 m时,诱导轮叶片表面和流道内的低压区域明显扩大,压力分布呈现出不均匀特征,低压区逐渐向叶轮流道延伸,说明空化现象加剧,气泡已在低压区域生成并随流动进一步发展。Na为4.5 m时,诱导轮内部空化程度严重,空泡广泛分布于叶片区域,诱导轮的工作能力基本丧失。低压区域已扩展至叶轮流道约三分之二的位置,表明空化对叶轮的能量传递和做功能力造成了显著影响。在空化初生和空化发展阶段,各方案中低压区域的分布差异较小,压力场特征表现出较高的一致性。其中方案3表现出较小的吸力面低压区域,表明其具有较优的抗空化性能,流体流动更加平稳,低压区分布均匀,空化发展较为缓慢。而方案4中,低压区域扩展迅速,压力分布明显不均,表明诱导轮叶片数较多,可能导致流道收缩,局部流速增大并伴随静压急剧下降,加剧空化的形成与发展,进而影响泵的运行稳定性与性能表现。在叶轮叶片数相同(6片)的情况下,空化性能的差异主要由诱导轮叶片数引起,而叶轮叶片数对空化性能的影响相对较小。
随着空化余量的降低,泵的内部流场发生变化,空化气泡的生成、膨胀和溃灭导致局部压力波动加剧,进而引发压力脉动现象。为探究空化发展与高速离心泵流道内压力脉动的关系,本文在诱导轮和叶轮的流道中共设立了7个监测点,各监测点位置如图11所示。
为了深入探讨离心泵中的压力脉动现象,本研究采用瞬态计算模拟方法,选取额定工况下运行稳定阶段的最后4个周期数据进行分析,为了更有效地展示监测点的压力增幅,采用Cp作为分析指标,以评估各监测点的压力波动强度。Cp的定义式为
CP=ΔP0.5ρu22
式中 ΔP为监测点处瞬时压力与平均压力之差;ρ为介质密度;u2为叶轮出口的圆周速度。其中诱导轮和叶轮的进出口监测点处在不同空化余量下的压力脉动随时间变化曲线如图12所示。
图12可知,在进入诱导轮后,各方案下的D1点压力脉动幅值在不同Na都较小,甚至可以忽略不计,但仍然可观察到良好的周期性。说明不同Na值下D1点位置流动相对稳定。这是因为诱导轮在入口处有效抑制了空化的发生,自然也减少了由此引起的压力波动。随着Na减少,诱导轮出口D3点压力波动特性发生变化。当Na=4.8 m,临界空化阶段时,压力脉动幅值变大,压力脉动的周期性特征变得不明显,波动表现出较高的随机性和非线性特征,流动极为不稳定。其中方案3中流动相比其他方案稳定。随着空化余量进一步减少至4.5 m,诱导轮内部完全进入空化状态,致使其失去做功能力。在监测点D3处,压力脉动幅度大幅下降。在叶轮流道内,Na为4.8 m,各方案压力脉动幅值增大,能量损失增加,导致叶轮有效做功下降,其中方案3和6相比其他方案压力波动小,较稳定。而在严重空化条件下压力脉动幅值维持在较低水平,低压区域被气泡占据,压力差的梯度被削弱。
以一台带有诱导轮的高速离心泵为研究对象,探讨了不同诱导轮叶片数和叶轮叶片数匹配关系对泵的外特性及空化性能的影响规律,得到如下结论:
a)不同的诱导轮与叶轮叶片数匹配对高速离心泵扬程有较大影响。当叶轮叶片数不变时,减少诱导轮叶片数有助于提升泵扬程,尤其在小流量工况下更为明显。在大流量工况下,诱导轮叶片数的减小会导致泵扬程降低。当诱导轮叶片数不变时,叶轮叶片数的增加对泵扬程具有显著的提升作用,且这种正向影响随着流量增大而呈现增强趋势。
b)空化最初发生在诱导轮叶片吸力面邻近进口轮缘区域。在空化初生阶段,诱导轮对叶轮具备一定的保护效应,空化现象对叶轮的运行影响不显著,泵的扬程基本保持稳定。这一现象表明,诱导轮在特定空化条件下依然能够有效发挥其功能,维持泵的正常运行性能。
c)当诱导轮叶片数保持不变时,增加叶轮叶片数对空泡分布的影响较小,增加诱导轮叶片数会显著增加空泡的扩散。当诱导轮叶片数从3增加到4时,空泡分布范围扩大,并逐渐从吸力面扩展至工作面,严重时可能导致泵无法正常工作。因此,诱导轮叶片数对空化性能的影响较大,而叶轮叶片数的影响相对较小。
d)不同空化余量条件下,离心泵流道内压力脉动表现出显著的变化趋势。诱导轮在较高空化余量条件下有效抑制了空化现象,维持了流动的稳定性和压力脉动的周期性。随着空化余量的降低,诱导轮对空化的抑制作用减弱,导致压力脉动幅值增大和流动不稳定性增强。在临界空化条件下,尽管压力脉动幅值仍较大,但仍保留一定的周期性特征;而在严重空化条件下,压力脉动幅值减小。不同设计方案在中低空化余量条件下表现出不同的压力脉动特性,其中方案3和6在临界空化条件下显示出更高的稳定性。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260211
  • 接收时间:2024-12-27
  • 首发时间:2026-05-12
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27
  • 修回日期:2025-10-17
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    1.兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州,730050
    2.利欧集团浙江泵业有限公司,台州,318002
    3.兰州理工大学特种泵阀及流控系统教育部重点实验室,兰州,730050
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