Article(id=1189585009691320320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1189585006872749036, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250412, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731340800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-12, revisedDate=1752940800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761548767730, onlineDateStr=2025-10-27, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761548767730, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761548767730, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761548767730, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1189585006872749036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2025', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761548767059, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761552469778, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1189600537306718633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1189585006872749036, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1189600537306718634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1189585006872749036, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=90, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1189585009959755783, articleId=1189585009691320320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Analysis of Orthotropic Carbon/Carbon Composite Rudder Shaft with Different Properties in Tension and Compression, columnId=1154057568293999177, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Launch Vehicle and Missile, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Composite materials used in engineering design often exhibit different properties in tension and compression in addition to anisotropy. The tensile and compressive anisotropy of constitutive behavior can affect the stress and strain distribution of composite structures under operating conditions, further consideration of the difference between tension strength and compression strength may have an impact on the strength analysis results of the structure. This article takes the carbon-carbon composite material air rudder shaft as the research object, implements secondary development through ABAQUS' USDFLD interface, compares and analyzes the changes in rudder shaft stress before and after considering tensile and compressive anisotropy. Then, considering the tensile, compressive and in-plane shear strength of the material, corresponding stiffness reduction models are introduced to analyze the failure process of the rudder shaft under bending and shear loads. The analysis results indicate that different properties in tension and compression will have a significant impact on the stress distribution of composite structures, and this analysis method can achieve more accurate simulation of the failure process of the rudder shaft.

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工程设计中应用的复合材料除了具有各向异性的本构特征,往往还具有拉、压异性的强度特征,会影响复合材料结构在使用工况下的应力、应变分布,进一步考虑材料拉、压强度的不同,有可能对结构的强度分析结果产生较大影响。针对以上问题,以碳/碳复合材料空气舵舵轴为研究对象,首先通过ABAQUS的USDFLD接口实现二次开发,对比分析考虑拉、压异性前后舵轴应力的变化,然后考虑材料的拉伸、压缩和面内剪切强度极限,引入相应的刚度折减模型,对舵轴在弯、剪载荷作用下的破坏过程进行分析。分析结果表明拉、压异性会对复材结构应力分布产生明显影响,该分析方法能够对舵轴的破坏过程实现更精确的模拟。

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杨鑫鑫(1985—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

黄建栋(1981—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

杨 浩(1983—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

乔逸飞(1995—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

王淑玉(1982—),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

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杨鑫鑫(1985—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

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杨鑫鑫(1985—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

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杨 浩(1983—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

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王淑玉(1982—),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

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王淑玉(1982—),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

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Elastic constants table of C/C composite material

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
E R  /GPa E T  /GPa E Z  /GPa μ R T μ R Z μ T Z G R T  /GPa G R Z  /GPa G T Z  /GPa
拉伸 45 110 110 0.32 0.32 0.25 2.3 2.3 6.5
压缩 26 80 80 0.32 0.32 0.25 2.3 2.3 6.5
), ArticleFig(id=1189585305846932002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189585009691320320, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

碳/碳复合材料弹性常数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
E R  /GPa E T  /GPa E Z  /GPa μ R T μ R Z μ T Z G R T  /GPa G R Z  /GPa G T Z  /GPa
拉伸 45 110 110 0.32 0.32 0.25 2.3 2.3 6.5
压缩 26 80 80 0.32 0.32 0.25 2.3 2.3 6.5
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Strength limit table of C/C composite material

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Z向拉伸/MPa Z向压缩/MPa TZ方向剪切/MPa
327 183 30
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碳/碳复合材料强度极限

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Z向拉伸/MPa Z向压缩/MPa TZ方向剪切/MPa
327 183 30
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Maximum stress of rudder shaft (shear force 38 000 N, considering tensile and compressive anisotropy)

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σ R σ T σ Z τ R T τ R Z τ T Z
拉应力 4.3 54.1 213.6 1.3 7.1 21.1
压应力 -5.7 -52.4 -187.2 -1.3 -6.8 -21.1
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舵轴最大应力(剪力38 000 N,考虑拉压异性) ( MPa)

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σ R σ T σ Z τ R T τ R Z τ T Z
拉应力 4.3 54.1 213.6 1.3 7.1 21.1
压应力 -5.7 -52.4 -187.2 -1.3 -6.8 -21.1
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Comparison of analysis results before and after considering tensile and compressive anisotropy

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考虑拉、压异性 只采用拉伸性能 考虑拉、压异性后变化率
σ Z  /MPa τ T Z  /MPa σ Z  /MPa τ T Z  /MPa σ Z  /% τ T Z  /%
拉应力 213.6 21.1 201.9 21.0 5.8 0.5
压应力 -187.2 -21.1 -201.9 -21.0 -7.3 0.5
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考虑拉、压异性前后分析结果对比

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考虑拉、压异性 只采用拉伸性能 考虑拉、压异性后变化率
σ Z  /MPa τ T Z  /MPa σ Z  /MPa τ T Z  /MPa σ Z  /% τ T Z  /%
拉应力 213.6 21.1 201.9 21.0 5.8 0.5
压应力 -187.2 -21.1 -201.9 -21.0 -7.3 0.5
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Analysis results after further reducing the compression modulus (shear force 38 000 N, considering tensile compressive anisotropy)

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拉压模量相同 压缩模量缩小45.5% 应力变化比率/% 压缩模量缩小63.6% 应力变化比率/%
σ Z 拉应力 201.9 MPa 226.0 MPa 11.9 MPa 247.6 MPa 22.6 MPa
压应力 -201.9 MPa -175.2 MPa -13.2 MPa -160.6 MPa -20.5 MPa
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进一步降低压缩模量后分析结果(剪力38 000 N,考虑拉压异性)

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拉压模量相同 压缩模量缩小45.5% 应力变化比率/% 压缩模量缩小63.6% 应力变化比率/%
σ Z 拉应力 201.9 MPa 226.0 MPa 11.9 MPa 247.6 MPa 22.6 MPa
压应力 -201.9 MPa -175.2 MPa -13.2 MPa -160.6 MPa -20.5 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1189585306492854827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189585009691320320, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Reduction results of stiffness for different failure modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
E R E T E Z G R T G R Z G T Z
Z向拉伸破坏 拉伸 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
压缩 0.1 0.1 32 0.1 0.1 0.1
Z向压缩破坏 拉伸 36 16 22 0.1 0.1 0.1
压缩 5.2 88 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
面内剪切破坏 拉伸 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
压缩 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
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不同失效模式刚度折减结果 (GPa)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
E R E T E Z G R T G R Z G T Z
Z向拉伸破坏 拉伸 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
压缩 0.1 0.1 32 0.1 0.1 0.1
Z向压缩破坏 拉伸 36 16 22 0.1 0.1 0.1
压缩 5.2 88 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
面内剪切破坏 拉伸 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
压缩 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1189585306648044077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189585009691320320, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Comparison of failure load obtained from rudder shaft test and analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
舵轴外径/mm 舵轴内径/mm 试验结果 分析结果
剪力/N 弯矩/(N·m) 剪力/N 弯矩/(N·m)
90 50 47 046 14 114 43 000 12 900
80 30 27 949 9 363 28 000 9 380
), ArticleFig(id=1189585306706764334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189585009691320320, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

舵轴试验与分析所得破坏载荷对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
舵轴外径/mm 舵轴内径/mm 试验结果 分析结果
剪力/N 弯矩/(N·m) 剪力/N 弯矩/(N·m)
90 50 47 046 14 114 43 000 12 900
80 30 27 949 9 363 28 000 9 380
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拉压异性条件下正交各向异性碳/碳复合材料舵轴性能分析
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杨鑫鑫 , 黄建栋 , 杨浩 , 乔逸飞 , 王淑玉
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2025,48(4): 90-97
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2025, 48(4): 90-97
拉压异性条件下正交各向异性碳/碳复合材料舵轴性能分析
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杨鑫鑫, 黄建栋, 杨浩, 乔逸飞, 王淑玉
作者信息
  • 空间物理重点试验室,北京,100076
  • 杨鑫鑫(1985—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

    黄建栋(1981—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    杨 浩(1983—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

    乔逸飞(1995—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

    王淑玉(1982—),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器结构强度设计。

Analysis of Orthotropic Carbon/Carbon Composite Rudder Shaft with Different Properties in Tension and Compression
Xinxin YANG, Jiandong HUANG, Hao YANG, Yifei QIAO, Shuyu WANG
Affiliations
  • Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory, Beijing, 100076
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250412
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工程设计中应用的复合材料除了具有各向异性的本构特征,往往还具有拉、压异性的强度特征,会影响复合材料结构在使用工况下的应力、应变分布,进一步考虑材料拉、压强度的不同,有可能对结构的强度分析结果产生较大影响。针对以上问题,以碳/碳复合材料空气舵舵轴为研究对象,首先通过ABAQUS的USDFLD接口实现二次开发,对比分析考虑拉、压异性前后舵轴应力的变化,然后考虑材料的拉伸、压缩和面内剪切强度极限,引入相应的刚度折减模型,对舵轴在弯、剪载荷作用下的破坏过程进行分析。分析结果表明拉、压异性会对复材结构应力分布产生明显影响,该分析方法能够对舵轴的破坏过程实现更精确的模拟。

碳/碳复合材料  /  拉压异性  /  强度  /  刚度折减  /  USDFLD

Composite materials used in engineering design often exhibit different properties in tension and compression in addition to anisotropy. The tensile and compressive anisotropy of constitutive behavior can affect the stress and strain distribution of composite structures under operating conditions, further consideration of the difference between tension strength and compression strength may have an impact on the strength analysis results of the structure. This article takes the carbon-carbon composite material air rudder shaft as the research object, implements secondary development through ABAQUS' USDFLD interface, compares and analyzes the changes in rudder shaft stress before and after considering tensile and compressive anisotropy. Then, considering the tensile, compressive and in-plane shear strength of the material, corresponding stiffness reduction models are introduced to analyze the failure process of the rudder shaft under bending and shear loads. The analysis results indicate that different properties in tension and compression will have a significant impact on the stress distribution of composite structures, and this analysis method can achieve more accurate simulation of the failure process of the rudder shaft.

carbon/carbon composite material  /  different properties in tension and compression  /  strength  /  stiffness reduction  /  USDFLD
杨鑫鑫, 黄建栋, 杨浩, 乔逸飞, 王淑玉. 拉压异性条件下正交各向异性碳/碳复合材料舵轴性能分析. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (4) : 90 -97 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250412
Xinxin YANG, Jiandong HUANG, Hao YANG, Yifei QIAO, Shuyu WANG. Analysis of Orthotropic Carbon/Carbon Composite Rudder Shaft with Different Properties in Tension and Compression[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (4) : 90 -97 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250412
工程应用中的实际材料往往具有拉、压异性的特征,尤其是近些年应用较多的纤维增强复合材料,抗拉性能主要由纤维决定,基体辅助承载,抗压性能主要由基体决定1,拉、压异性对工程结构受力分析的影响较大,需要进行精细化的研究确定。在受力分析的基础上,进一步考虑强度准则和刚度折减模型,可以实现对舵轴的破坏过程的仿真。
Puck等2基于单向纤维增强复合材料的损伤现象和物理机制,提出了区分纤维失效模式(Fiber Failure,FF)和纤维间失效模式(Inter Fibre Failure,IFF)的Puck准则,其有效性在单向复合材料以及聚合物基复合材料分析中得到了证明。Shen等3采用哈辛准则和Von Mises准则分别作为纤维束和基体的损伤判据,通过材料性能连续折减法开展了陶瓷基复合材料细观尺度的渐进损伤分析。Sun等4针对不同的细观失效模式提出相应的材料宏观性能折减方案,对三维面芯编织复合材料在纵向拉伸及面内剪切载荷下的渐进损伤过程和细观失效机理进行了分析。Li等5在失效面理论的基础上,建立了一种适用于热固性树脂基复合材料的失效准则,考虑了基体失效模式和纤维失效模式的相互耦合作用。Wang等6考虑强度准则的拉压异性,计算了单向板和斜交板的偏轴试验结果。黄耀英等7从试验测量的角度说明拉压异性会导致混凝土坝监测过程中拉伸徐变和压缩徐变的不同。Gu等8-9通过测定3D碳/碳复合材料的基本性能建立了非线性双模量力学模型,给出了3D碳/碳复合材料的强度准则,并对其断裂机理进行了研究。王宝来等10从材料试验和细观模型分析的角度研究了尺度效应对三维编织碳/碳材料破坏模式及强度的影响。陶亮等11通过开展各向异性CMC缺口弯曲断裂试验,结合失效模式研究,建立了两种失效模式的理论模型。杨彩云等12通过一系列试验和分析证明,三维机织角联锁复合材料属正交各向异性材料,其强度和模量曲线具有明显的双主轴特性。还有大量的研究工作13-15集中在通过试验获得复合材料的性能参数,以及强度准则建立和校准。
以上研究未对材料的拉、压异性问题开展深入研究,本文通过ABAQUS的USDFLD(User Defined Field)子程序接口实现了考虑拉、压异性的复合材料舵轴应力和强度分析,指出了本构拉压异性对应力分析的影响。
研究对象选取了某典型的碳/碳复合材料舵轴,舵轴长为300 mm,外径为90 mm,内径为50 mm,定义柱坐标为舵轴的材料坐标系,R为径向,T为切向,Z为轴向。舵轴根部固支,对于航空航天常用的全动舵,舵轴主要载荷为舵面法向剪力及剪力产生的弯矩,本文所加最大载荷为远端100 kN剪力,该剪力模拟舵面的法向剪力,同时在舵轴的轴向截面产生了随距离线性变化的弯矩,该载荷能够包络舵轴的破坏载荷。分析模型如图1所示,采用ABAQUS有限元软件分析。
碳/碳复合材料的弹性常数如表1所示。其中 E R E T E Z分别为径向、切向、轴向的弹性模量, μ R T μ R Z μ T ZRT平面、RZ平面、TZ曲面内的泊松比, G R T G R Z G T ZRT平面、RZ平面、TZ曲面内的剪切模量。
碳/碳复合材料的强度极限如表2所示。
表1数据可以看到,碳/碳复合材料抗拉和抗压性能不同,对静力分析结果可能产生影响。本文通过ABAQUS的USDFLD子程序接口实现正交各向异性材料考虑拉、压本构异性的静力分析。
USDFLD为ABAQUS提供接口的二次开发子程序,采用Fortran语言编写。USDFLD子程序中,允许用户自定义多个与材料属性相关的场变量Field。ABAQUS有限元软件在每一增量步求解的过程中,都会向USDFLD子程序传递每个单元的应力、应变等结果信息,在子程序中,根据材料的应力场判断材料受压还是受拉,然后通过Field变量控制材料的弹性常数,实现拉、压异性的有限元分析。本文的算例设置ABAQUS的计算总时间为1 s,每一增量步步长固定为0.05 s,共200步完成100 kN剪力的线性施加。USDFLD子程序的流程图如图2所示。
采用考虑拉、压异性的USDFLD子程序对舵轴开展分析,可知当剪力为38 000 N,根部弯矩为11 400 N·m时,舵轴六个应力分量最大值如表3所示,其中 σ R σ T σ Z分别为径向、切向、轴向正应力, τ R T τ R Z τ T Z分别为RT平面、RZ平面、TZ曲面内的剪应力,可以看到轴向应力 σ Z和面内剪切应力 τ T Z对舵轴强度起决定作用。
对比考虑拉、压异性和只采用拉伸性能的舵轴分析结果,如图3图4所示。
通过对比分析可以得到以下结论:
a)碳/碳复合材料Z向拉伸模量为110 GPa,压缩模量为80 GPa,相差27.3%,导致在承弯时拉应力和压应力不再对称,与只采用拉伸性能的分析结果相比,拉应力增大了5.8%,压应力减小了7.3%。剪切模量不受拉压作用影响,剪应力变化较小,具体对比结果如表4所示。
b)进一步降低压缩模量,拉应力逐渐提高,压应力逐渐降低,舵轴最大应力的变化如表5所示。拉应力升高比率、压应力降低比率与压缩模量降低比率的关系如图5所示。分析表5图5可知,压缩模量降低45.5%时,拉应力增大11.9%,压应力减小13.2%。压缩模量降低63.6%,拉应力增大22.6%,压应力减小20.5%。
c)与应力状态一致,由于压缩模量小于拉伸模量,舵轴抗弯的中性轴向受拉一侧偏移,如图6所示,其中0代表受压,1代表受拉。由图6可知,当压缩模量减小27.3%时,中性轴偏移约5 mm;当压缩模量减小45.5%时,中性轴偏移随弯矩增大更快发生偏移;当压缩模量减小63.6%时,中性轴偏移约10 mm。
在考虑拉、压异性的基础上,进一步引入碳/碳复合材料的强度准则,开展舵轴断裂分析。本文采用较简洁的最大应力准则来开展破坏分析,后续也可引入Hoffman、Tsai-Wu等二次准则,但需要配合材料双向强度试验来提高相应准则的准确性。对于承受弯、剪作用的舵轴,轴向应力 σ Z和面内剪切应力 τ T Z对强度起决定作用,强度极限如表2所示。最大应力准则为:
a)Z方向拉伸破坏: σ Z > Z T
b)Z方向压缩破坏: σ Z > Z C
c)面内剪切破坏: τ T Z > S T Z
由于本文的主要目的是建立工程分析方法的架构,研究拉、压异性对复合材料舵轴强刚度的影响,故折减模型选用了较简洁的离散形式,后续可进一步引入各种连续的刚度折减模式提高分析的精度。本文所用离散形式的刚度折减模型为:
a)Z向拉伸破坏后,单元产生垂直于拉伸方向的裂纹,如图7a所示,可认为材料还有一定的承受压缩载荷的能力,其他形式载荷均无法承受。
b)Z向压缩破坏后,单元产生倾斜的失稳面,如图7b所示,Z向压缩载荷无法承受,X向和Y向拉、压载荷承受能力有一定减弱,无法承受剪切载荷。
c)面内剪切破坏后,单元产生45°方向的裂纹,如图7c所示,认为单元丧失承载能力。
由于直接将失效的模量置零会导致计算结果奇异,本文将失效的模量降低到100 MPa,较破坏前的约100 GPa降低了3个数量级,如表6所示。
在USDFLD子程序中,增加3个Field变量,分别用于控制单元发生Z向拉伸破坏、Z向压缩破坏和面内剪切破坏后的性能参数变化,同时增加4个状态变量,用于在后处理中显示单元是否发生Z向拉伸破坏、Z向压缩破坏、面内剪切破坏以及3种失效模式单元的合集。
USDFLD子程序的流程如图8所示。
由于材料的抗拉强度较高,承受弯、剪载荷的舵轴在剪力39 000 N,弯矩11 700 N·m时首先发生了压缩破坏,破坏过程伴随有剪切破坏(剪力41 000 N,弯矩12 300 N·m时开始发生剪切破坏),直至剪力43 000 N,弯矩12 900 N·m时,舵轴受压一侧发生了完全破坏,认为此时舵轴已丧失承载能力。
Z向压缩破坏过程如图9所示。其中蓝色部分为没有发生失效的单元,红色部分为已经失效、刚度折减后的单元,随着载荷的增大,失效的单元越来越多,当失效单元贯穿舵轴横截面时,认为舵轴彻底丧失承载能力。图10图11的过程与此相似。
面内剪切破坏过程如图10所示。
两种模式综合失效过程如图11所示。
参考以往碳/碳舵轴的试验结果,舵轴1外径为90 mm,内径为50 mm,长度为300 mm,在剪力为47 046 N、弯矩为14 114 N·m时破坏,舵轴2外径为80 mm,内径为30 mm,长度为335 mm,在剪力为27 949 N、弯矩为9 363 N·m时破坏。采用本文方法分析所得结果与试验的对比如表7,可以看到分析结果与试验结果一致性较好,但是复合材料舵轴强度离散较大,初始损伤的载荷难以通过试验给出,还需要更多的试验子样来修正现有分析方法。
由上述论述过程可见,本文通过二次开发ABAQUS商用软件,建立了三维正交各向异性碳/碳工程大尺度结构的损伤破坏分析架构,主要研究了拉、压异性对应力分析结果的影响,引入刚度折减模型和强度准则后,预示了典型舵轴结构的破坏过程,后续还需要对刚度折减模型和强度准则进行深入研究,提高结构损伤分析的精度。
复合材料强度准则分为宏观和细观强度准则两个方向。Tsai-Wu准则是比较完备的宏观强度准则,但是三阶以上多项式系数的数量较大且依赖试验来确定。细观的强度准则近些年得到了较多发展,但仍停留在预示复合材料层合板材料试验的阶段,难以直接应用于工程结构分析。即学术层面的精确方法用于工程大尺度结构分析还有很多难点,包括非线性迭代计算规模较大、基本材料参数的获取较难等,如何发展适用于工程结构分析的强度准则是亟待解决的基础问题。
刚度折减模型决定结构产生初始损伤后的进一步破坏过程,更加符合实际的刚度折减模型需要结合试验和材料细观破坏模式来确定。
本文以具有拉、压异性的碳/碳复合材料为研究对象,通过ABAQUS软件的USDFLD二次开发接口,实现了考虑拉、压异性的工程结构分析。通过对典型承弯舵轴的分析发现,拉、压异性会对舵轴的应力分布产生明显影响。进一步引入强度准则和刚度折减模型,对舵轴的破坏过程进行了仿真,预示了舵轴主要为压缩破坏,伴随有剪切破坏的具体破坏过程。最后指出了亟待发展适用于工程结构分析的高精度强度准则和刚度折减模型。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250412
  • 接收时间:2024-11-12
  • 首发时间:2025-10-27
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12
  • 修回日期:2025-07-20
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    空间物理重点试验室,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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