Article(id=1189584025225261428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1189584023958577387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737302400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-20, revisedDate=1746806400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761548533014, onlineDateStr=2025-10-27, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761548533014, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761548533014, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761548533014, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1189584023958577387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2025', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761548532712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761549224040, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1189586923627738079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1189584023958577387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1189586923627738080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1189584023958577387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=14, endPage=22, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1189584025581777272, articleId=1189584025225261428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Research on the Integrated Simulation Method of Internal Ballistics, External Ballistics and Thermal Protection Structure under Overload, columnId=1154057568293999177, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Launch Vehicle and Missile, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Overload changes the internal ballistics of the motor and the erosion of the thermal protection structure, which increases the coupling degree between engine design and flight trajectory design. Conventional solid rocket overall-motor discrete design is difficult to fully consider this coupling relationship. By studying the coupling relationship between internal ballistics, external ballistics and thermal protection structure, an internal ballistics model and a thermal protection structure model considering flight overload are formed. An integrated simulation method based on internal ballistic model, external ballistics model and thermal protection structure model is established to achieve accurate prediction of internal, external ballistics and thermal protection structure erosion under overload. The calculation results show that under overload, the pressure of the motor increases, the altitude and the local flight path angle of the shutdown point increases, while the flight speed remains basically unchanged. The total mass of the thermal protection structure increases and the thermal protection structure thickness of the nozzle changes, requiring strengthened thermal protection. The integrated simulation correctly predicts the changes of internal and external ballistics under overload, laying the foundation for the joint design of internal ballistics, external ballistics and thermal protection structure, which can improve the integration degree of solid rocket overall-motor design.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rongji LIANG, Jianchang LEI, Yuancheng CHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1189584469943120098, articleId=1189584025225261428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=CN, title=过载下内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算方法研究, columnId=1154057568814092874, journalTitle=导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), columnName=运载器及导弹总体技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在过载影响下,发动机内弹道与热防护结构烧蚀发生变化,提高了发动机设计与飞行弹道设计间的耦合度,传统的固体火箭总体-动力分立设计难以充分考虑该耦合关系。通过研究内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀的耦合关系,形成考虑飞行过载的内弹道耦合模型、热防护结构烧蚀耦合模型,建立以内弹道计算、外弹道计算与热防护结构烧蚀计算为基础的联合计算模型,实现了过载下内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀的正确预示。计算结果表明,低轨弹道下,过载使发动机内弹道压强上升,关机点的高度与当地速度倾角增加,飞行速度基本不变;热防护结构总质量上升,喷管热防护层厚度分布发生变化,需要加强热防护。内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算正确预示了内外弹道在过载下的变化,为热防护结构设计与内外弹道设计联合奠定基础,可以提高固体火箭总体-动力设计一体化程度。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DZGRnTuwFWGUt+0AnQ9Hvg==, magXml=RrtuHOTi3eAm1EngMq16iQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=HP13iUgRdieetJFDqreTmQ==, pdfFileSize=4300270, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=CyZOLtrEM6PaTPs+zElGtA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=X9xhS5rsCrG2tptXKgxS6A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

梁镕基(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为总体动力一体化设计。

雷建长(1973—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

池元成(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为多目标优化。

, authorsList=梁镕基, 雷建长, 池元成)}, authors=[Author(id=1189594660751274668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1189594660818383534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, authorId=1189594660751274668, language=EN, stringName=Rongji LIANG, firstName=Rongji, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1189594660931629743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, authorId=1189594660751274668, language=CN, stringName=梁镕基, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076, bio={"content":"

梁镕基(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为总体动力一体化设计。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

梁镕基(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为总体动力一体化设计。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1189594660679971496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660688360105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660692554410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076)])]), Author(id=1189594660990350001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1189594661057458867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, authorId=1189594660990350001, language=EN, stringName=Jianchang LEI, firstName=Jianchang, middleName=null, lastName=LEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1189594661107790516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, authorId=1189594660990350001, language=CN, stringName=雷建长, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076, bio={"content":"

雷建长(1973—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

雷建长(1973—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1189594660679971496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660688360105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660692554410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076)])]), Author(id=1189594661183287990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1189594661246202552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, authorId=1189594661183287990, language=EN, stringName=Yuancheng CHI, firstName=Yuancheng, middleName=null, lastName=CHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1189594661317505721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, authorId=1189594661183287990, language=CN, stringName=池元成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076, bio={"content":"

池元成(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为多目标优化。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

池元成(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为多目标优化。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1189594660679971496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660688360105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660692554410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1189594661443334842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=influence of overload), Keyword(id=1189594661502055099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=solid rocket), Keyword(id=1189594661564969660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=internal and external ballistic), Keyword(id=1189594661627884221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=motor thermal protection structure), Keyword(id=1189594661682410174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=integrated design), Keyword(id=1189594661741130431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=过载影响), Keyword(id=1189594661799850688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=固体火箭), Keyword(id=1189594661850182337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=内外弹道), Keyword(id=1189594661913096898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=发动机热防护结构), Keyword(id=1189594661971817155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=一体化设计)], refs=[Reference(id=1189594664987521762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=158, pageStart=103, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=DUPONT C, TROMBA A, MISSONNIER S, journalName=Acta Astronautica, refType=null, unstructuredReference= DUPONT C, TROMBA A, MISSONNIER S. New strategy to preliminary design space launch vehicle based on a dedicated MDO platform[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2019(158): 103-110., articleTitle=New strategy to preliminary design space launch vehicle based on a dedicated MDO platform, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665054630627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=297, pageEnd=304, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ROSHANIAN J, EBRAHIMI M, journalName=Aerospace Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ROSHANIAN J, EBRAHIMI M. Latin hypercube sampling applied to reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization of a launch vehicle[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2013, 28(1): 297-304., articleTitle=Latin hypercube sampling applied to reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization of a launch vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665125933796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=56, pageEnd=59+101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=吕艳, 刘百奇, 尹世明, journalName=战术导弹技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕艳, 刘百奇, 尹世明. 基于不确定性的内外弹道联合优化方法[J].战术导弹技术, 2018(2): 56-59+101., articleTitle=基于不确定性的内外弹道联合优化方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665180459749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=56, pageEnd=59+101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Yan LYU, LIU Baiqi, YIN Shiming, journalName=Tactical Missile Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Yan LYU, LIU Baiqi, YIN Shiming. An optimum method for internal and external ballistic design[J]. Tactical Missile Technology, 2018(2): 56-59+101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665239180006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=2, pageStart=56, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=范健, 杨春, 佟明曦, journalName=弹箭与制导学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范健, 杨春, 佟明曦, 等. 基于内外弹道联合仿真的固体火箭发动机优化设计[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2018, 38(2): 56-60., articleTitle=基于内外弹道联合仿真的固体火箭发动机优化设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665302094567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=2, pageStart=56, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=FAN Jian, YANG Chun, TONG Mingxi, journalName=Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missile and Guidance, refType=null, unstructuredReference= FAN Jian, YANG Chun, TONG Mingxi, et al. Optimization of solid rocket motor based on joint-simulation of internal and external ballistic design[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missile and Guidance, 2018, 38(2): 56-60., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665360814824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=57, issue=1, pageStart=3, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=MAHJUB A, MAZLAN N M, ABDULLAH M Z, journalName=Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MAHJUB A, MAZLAN N M, ABDULLAH M Z, et al. Design optimization of solid rocket propulsion: a survey of recent advance-ments[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2020, 57(1): 3-11., articleTitle=Design optimization of solid rocket propulsion: a survey of recent advance-ments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665419535081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=1896, pageEnd=1907, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=田忠亮, 李军伟, 贺业, journalName=兵工学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田忠亮, 李军伟, 贺业, 等. 横向过载下锥孔三维药柱的内弹道特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 1896-1907., articleTitle=横向过载下锥孔三维药柱的内弹道特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665474061034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=1896, pageEnd=1907, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=TIAN Zhongliang, LI Junwei, HE Ye, journalName=Acta Armamentarii, refType=null, unstructuredReference= TIAN Zhongliang, LI Junwei, HE Ye, et al. Analysis of interior ballistic characteristics of conical three-dimensional charge column under lateral overload[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1896-1907., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665541169899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=56, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=诸毓武, journalName=上海航天, refType=null, unstructuredReference=诸毓武. 某导弹主动段全程横向过载条件下发动机绝热层安全性分析[J]. 上海航天, 2013, 30(2): 56-59., articleTitle=某导弹主动段全程横向过载条件下发动机绝热层安全性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665604084460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=56, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ZHU Yuwu, journalName=Aerospace Shanghai, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHU Yuwu. Security analysis of motor insulation under whole process transverse overload for some missile in boost phase[J]. Aerospace Shanghai, 2013, 30(2): 56-59., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665666999021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=13, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=雷建长, 杨毅, 徐维乐, journalName=导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), refType=null, unstructuredReference=雷建长, 杨毅, 徐维乐, 等. 固体火箭内外弹道一体化设计方法研究[J]. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2022(5): 13-17., articleTitle=固体火箭内外弹道一体化设计方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665734107886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=13, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LEI Jianchang, YANG Yi, XU Weile, journalName=Missiles and Space Vehicles, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LEI Jianchang, YANG Yi, XU Weile, et al. Research on the integrated design method of internal and external ballistics of solid rocket[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2022(5): 13-17., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665792828143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=GREATRIX D R, journalName=Powered flight, refType=null, unstructuredReference= GREATRIX D R. Powered flight[M]. London: Springer, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665851548400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=612, pageEnd=625, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=JIAO X, journalName=Journal of Computational Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= JIAO X. Face offsetting: a unified approach for explicit moving interfaces[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2007(2): 612-625., articleTitle=Face offsetting: a unified approach for explicit moving interfaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665918657265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=131, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=张翔宇, 刘佩进, 李鹏飞, journalName=固体火箭技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张翔宇, 刘佩进, 李鹏飞, 等. 固体火箭发动机热流测量方法及试验研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2011, 34(1): 131-134., articleTitle=固体火箭发动机热流测量方法及试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594665977377522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=131, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=ZHANG Xiangyu, LIU Peijin, LI Pengfei, journalName=Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHANG Xiangyu, LIU Peijin, LI Pengfei, et al. Heat flux measurement method and experimental research in SRM[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2011, 34(1): 131-134., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666048680691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=2845, pageEnd=2852, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=许团委, 陆贺建, 王健儒, journalName=推进技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许团委, 陆贺建, 王健儒, 等. 稠密粒子流作用下三元乙丙绝热材料烧蚀性能分析[J]. 推进技术, 2018, 39(12): 2845-2852., articleTitle=稠密粒子流作用下三元乙丙绝热材料烧蚀性能分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666119983860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=2845, pageEnd=2852, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=XU Tuanwei, LU Hejian, WANG Jianru, journalName=Journal of Propulsion Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= XU Tuanwei, LU Hejian, WANG Jianru, et al. Analysis of dense particle stream on ablation properties of EPDM insulation[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(12): 2845-2852., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666178704117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=593, pageEnd=601, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=THAKRE P, RAWAT R, CLAYTON R, journalName=Journal of Propulsion & Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference= THAKRE P, RAWAT R, CLAYTON R, et al. Mechanical erosion of graphite nozzle in solid-propellant rocket motor[J]. Journal of Propulsion & Power, 2013, 29(3): 593-601., articleTitle=Mechanical erosion of graphite nozzle in solid-propellant rocket motor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666237424374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=95, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=OKA Y I, OKAMURA K, YOSHIDA T, journalName=Wear, refType=null, unstructuredReference= OKA Y I, OKAMURA K, YOSHIDA T. Practical estimation of erosion damage caused by solid particle impact. part 1: effects of impact parameters on a predictive equation[J]. Wear, 2005(1): 95-101., articleTitle=Practical estimation of erosion damage caused by solid particle impact. part 1: effects of impact parameters on a predictive equation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666317116151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=30, pageEnd=36+66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=田维平, 许团委, 王健儒, journalName=固体火箭技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田维平, 许团委, 王健儒. 过载下燃烧室粒子特性与绝热层烧蚀研究进展[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2015, 38(1): 30-36+66., articleTitle=过载下燃烧室粒子特性与绝热层烧蚀研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666380030712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=30, pageEnd=36+66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=TIAN Weiping, XU Tuanwei, WANG Jianru, journalName=Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= TIAN Weiping, XU Tuanwei, WANG Jianru. Progress on condensed-phase particle characteristic and insulation ablation in SRM chamber with flight overload[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2015, 38(1): 30-36+66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666438750969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=119, pageEnd=122, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=23, authorNames=徐义华, 胡春波, 李江, journalName=弹箭与制导学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐义华, 胡春波, 李江. 炭化层对粒子反弹系数测量实验研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2011, 31(1): 119-122., articleTitle=炭化层对粒子反弹系数测量实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666518442746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=119, pageEnd=122, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=XU Yihua, HU Chunbo, LI Jiang, journalName=Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, refType=null, unstructuredReference= XU Yihua, HU Chunbo, LI Jiang. The experimental research on measurement of rebound coefficient for particle impacting charring-layer[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2011, 31(1): 119-122., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666589745915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=874, pageEnd=879, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=王立武, 赵朝坤, 田维平, journalName=空气动力学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王立武, 赵朝坤, 田维平, 等. 过载对固体发动机凝相粒子运动的影响分析[J]. 空气动力学报, 2020, 38(5): 874-879., articleTitle=过载对固体发动机凝相粒子运动的影响分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666669437692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=874, pageEnd=879, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=WANG Liwu, ZHAO Chaokun, TIAN Weiping, journalName=Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WANG Liwu, ZHAO Chaokun, TIAN Weiping, et al. Analysis of particle motion in solid rocket motor under different acceleration[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2020, 38(5): 874-879., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594666723963645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=鲍福廷, 侯晓, journalName=固体火箭发动机设计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鲍福廷, 侯晓. 固体火箭发动机设计[M]. 北京: 中国宇航出版社, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594667713819390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=BAO Fuyan, HOU Xiao, journalName=Solid rocket motor design, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BAO Fuyan, HOU Xiao. Solid rocket motor design[M]. Beijing: China Astronautic Publishing House, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189594667806094079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=19, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=SABNIS, JAYANT S, journalName=Journal of Propulsion and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SABNIS, JAYANT S. Numerical simulation of distributed combus-tion in solid rocket motors with metalized propellant[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2003, 19(1): 48-55., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of distributed combus-tion in solid rocket motors with metalized propellant, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1189594660679971496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660688360105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189594660692554410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, companyId=1189594660679971496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1189594662118617796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structure and coupling relationship of integrated simulation for internal ballistics, external ballistics and thermal protection structure, figureFileSmall=KD4pFue7AdDboyCINOPGWw==, figureFileBig=QVbonRXAI2r7MYdcg00JEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594662177338053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图1, caption=内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算模型结构与耦合关系, figureFileSmall=KD4pFue7AdDboyCINOPGWw==, figureFileBig=QVbonRXAI2r7MYdcg00JEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594662273807046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Workflow of integrated simulation for internal ballistics, external ballistics and thermal protection structure, figureFileSmall=v5QeBo4fVRn7qMYWyWVdIA==, figureFileBig=kn0lp2iRDk3bPSgtWIqN7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663238496967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图2, caption=内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算流程, figureFileSmall=v5QeBo4fVRn7qMYWyWVdIA==, figureFileBig=kn0lp2iRDk3bPSgtWIqN7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663301411528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Grain modeling and mesh partitioning, figureFileSmall=tIE5Sy5HgGJ8GQNAQUi0Qg==, figureFileBig=OsESXvsKhijOw+UkcpWCEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663355937481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图3, caption=药柱建模与网格划分, figureFileSmall=tIE5Sy5HgGJ8GQNAQUi0Qg==, figureFileBig=OsESXvsKhijOw+UkcpWCEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663414657738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Relative change of pressure in different side of chamber under 6g lateral overload, figureFileSmall=F8SZBXsalIQUVw3ljlXAMA==, figureFileBig=Ibcj6BT7e/+WgqmwZH7CBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663473377995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图4, caption=6g横向过载下燃烧室承载侧与非承载侧的压强偏差, figureFileSmall=F8SZBXsalIQUVw3ljlXAMA==, figureFileBig=Ibcj6BT7e/+WgqmwZH7CBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663553069772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Pressure of motor under lateral overload of 0~12g, figureFileSmall=hj2sZQ/2nhiECPbtNonlvg==, figureFileBig=BM/ZDmYUHkdecWjmjdqZww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663649538765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图5, caption=0~12g横向过载下燃烧室压强曲线, figureFileSmall=hj2sZQ/2nhiECPbtNonlvg==, figureFileBig=BM/ZDmYUHkdecWjmjdqZww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663708259022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Relative change of pressure of motor under lateral overload, figureFileSmall=dUlK08wKvQlo0WCgPjFRCA==, figureFileBig=nnQrX0JFM0WSb8RTYJp1Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663775367887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图6, caption=横向过载下燃烧室压强相对变化, figureFileSmall=dUlK08wKvQlo0WCgPjFRCA==, figureFileBig=nnQrX0JFM0WSb8RTYJp1Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663842476752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Exposure time of insulation in chamber under lateral overload, figureFileSmall=U2FF524Dh2sQ6iGzAIWO2A==, figureFileBig=Zu3nbQoSlNFwLV8gpqMpeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663905391313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图7, caption=承载侧燃烧室绝热层暴露时间, figureFileSmall=U2FF524Dh2sQ6iGzAIWO2A==, figureFileBig=Zu3nbQoSlNFwLV8gpqMpeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594663968305874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Particle tracking and mesh partitioning, figureFileSmall=KWaWdQ75zcGwSnuToYRFug==, figureFileBig=SjdGbANEJpHNvcG4098bjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664031220435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图8, caption=粒子轨迹追踪与计算网格划分, figureFileSmall=KWaWdQ75zcGwSnuToYRFug==, figureFileBig=SjdGbANEJpHNvcG4098bjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664089940692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Particle environment of nozzle under overload, figureFileSmall=Mgc4+9wbh+gFWBEB9SwVEw==, figureFileBig=RUFHWcJKL8gLaP199JYwNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664144466645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图9, caption=过载作用下的喷管粒子环境, figureFileSmall=Mgc4+9wbh+gFWBEB9SwVEw==, figureFileBig=RUFHWcJKL8gLaP199JYwNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664203186902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Particle data denoising on a uniform grid, figureFileSmall=iYCb+fj3SKQjerUhjI8vMg==, figureFileBig=TkWqsBqHVJp7VdCDP/D8eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664257712855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图10, caption=均匀网格上粒子数据降噪(柱坐标系下), figureFileSmall=iYCb+fj3SKQjerUhjI8vMg==, figureFileBig=TkWqsBqHVJp7VdCDP/D8eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664320627416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Grid division of thermal protection structure, figureFileSmall=ZahJi9VSAHPiLv/J6eza/Q==, figureFileBig=mLnUt2InPHOm1R3G8dg1Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664379347673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图11, caption=绝热层网格划分, figureFileSmall=ZahJi9VSAHPiLv/J6eza/Q==, figureFileBig=mLnUt2InPHOm1R3G8dg1Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664433873626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Design thickness of thermal protection structure, figureFileSmall=g5TxB4Ys/fzR7lLT/cBX8A==, figureFileBig=vIb2R6DF7OpU5iyiPGx6OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664484205275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图12, caption=热防护结构设计厚度, figureFileSmall=g5TxB4Ys/fzR7lLT/cBX8A==, figureFileBig=vIb2R6DF7OpU5iyiPGx6OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664542925532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Pressure, mass flow rate and sea level thrust deviation under lateral overload, figureFileSmall=74N56F+icJisn6hbFlfZ5A==, figureFileBig=OTl4KskclysQ1EgUbiLMVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664597451485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图13, caption=横向过载下的压强、质量流量与海平面推力偏差, figureFileSmall=74N56F+icJisn6hbFlfZ5A==, figureFileBig=OTl4KskclysQ1EgUbiLMVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664660366046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Height, local flight path angle, dynamic pressure and speed deviation under overload, figureFileSmall=tttP5C/Kf4hZMxmIN7LQIw==, figureFileBig=VwOaeeFxCrJeLMPB5J0i0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664719086303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图14, caption=横向过载下的高度、当地速度倾角、动压、速度偏差, figureFileSmall=tttP5C/Kf4hZMxmIN7LQIw==, figureFileBig=VwOaeeFxCrJeLMPB5J0i0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664777806560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Design thickness of thermal protection structure of integrated simulation, figureFileSmall=3z+MSh2vR1AR0+X+RWrixA==, figureFileBig=SdVEiTgJqmHPCzgxVwPGJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189594664840721121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1189584025225261428, language=CN, label=图15, caption=联合计算的热防护结构设计厚度, figureFileSmall=3z+MSh2vR1AR0+X+RWrixA==, figureFileBig=SdVEiTgJqmHPCzgxVwPGJg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146118917132496903, delFlag=0, nameCn=导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), nameEn=Missiles and Space Vehicles, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-1974, eissn=, cn=10-1807/V, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=DdfacUcWE1ibGHaCsbhL8w==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Miss Space Veh, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1753780023753, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=DdfacUcWE1ibGHaCsbhL8w==, picEn=jBog3LY3UHfAAYfYEqIBHg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1157000535829205111, language=CN, name=导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1753780023772, updatedTime=1753780023772, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=null, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-ddht-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fddht.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=fefa73ea-30bb-4b68, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-ddht-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fddht.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=fefa73ea-30bb-4b68, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-ddht-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fddht.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=fefa73ea-30bb-4b68, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-ddht-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fddht.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=fefa73ea-30bb-4b68, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-ddht-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fddht.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=fefa73ea-30bb-4b68, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1157000535871148152, language=EN, name=Missiles and Space Vehicles, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1753780023782, updatedTime=1753780023782, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=null, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-ddht-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fddht.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=fefa73ea-30bb-4b68, submissionEditorUrl=, submissionReviewUrl=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146119989267898375, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202378817956, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146119989267898375, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddyht/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112774, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753519037132, updateBy=18614031015, name=导弹与航天运载技术-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148620442723704855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202378817956, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751782053881, updateTime=1751782053881, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148620442694344724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202378817956, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751782053874, updateTime=1751782053874, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148620442677567507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202378817956, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=gfUyzanfTuxQ2yc+L/MeWA==, createTime=1751782053870, updateTime=1751782053870, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148620442711121942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202378817956, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751782053878, updateTime=1751782053878, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148620442706927637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202378817956, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751782053877, updateTime=1751782053877, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155906039850618895, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146119989267898375, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddyht/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753519075604, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753519075604, updateBy=18614031015, name=导弹与航天运载技术-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Missiles and Space Vehicles, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155907112585777347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155906039850618895, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753519331356, updateTime=1753519331356, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155907112556417216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155906039850618895, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753519331349, updateTime=1753519331349, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155907112552222911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155906039850618895, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=gfUyzanfTuxQ2yc+L/MeWA==, createTime=1753519331348, updateTime=1753519331348, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155907112577388738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155906039850618895, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753519331354, updateTime=1753519331354, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155907112564805825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155906039850618895, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753519331351, updateTime=1753519331351, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Missiles and Space Vehicles, journalPhotoCn=DdfacUcWE1ibGHaCsbhL8w==, journalPhotoEn=jBog3LY3UHfAAYfYEqIBHg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddyht/CN/10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddyht/EN/10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddyht/CN/PDF/10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddyht/EN/PDF/10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
过载下内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算方法研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
梁镕基 , 雷建长 , 池元成
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2025,48(3): 14-22
收起
收藏切换
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2025, 48(3): 14-22
过载下内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算方法研究
全屏
梁镕基, 雷建长, 池元成
作者信息
  • 中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076
  • 梁镕基(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为总体动力一体化设计。

    雷建长(1973—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    池元成(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为多目标优化。

Research on the Integrated Simulation Method of Internal Ballistics, External Ballistics and Thermal Protection Structure under Overload
Rongji LIANG, Jianchang LEI, Yuancheng CHI
Affiliations
  • China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303
文章导航
收藏切换

在过载影响下,发动机内弹道与热防护结构烧蚀发生变化,提高了发动机设计与飞行弹道设计间的耦合度,传统的固体火箭总体-动力分立设计难以充分考虑该耦合关系。通过研究内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀的耦合关系,形成考虑飞行过载的内弹道耦合模型、热防护结构烧蚀耦合模型,建立以内弹道计算、外弹道计算与热防护结构烧蚀计算为基础的联合计算模型,实现了过载下内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀的正确预示。计算结果表明,低轨弹道下,过载使发动机内弹道压强上升,关机点的高度与当地速度倾角增加,飞行速度基本不变;热防护结构总质量上升,喷管热防护层厚度分布发生变化,需要加强热防护。内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算正确预示了内外弹道在过载下的变化,为热防护结构设计与内外弹道设计联合奠定基础,可以提高固体火箭总体-动力设计一体化程度。

过载影响  /  固体火箭  /  内外弹道  /  发动机热防护结构  /  一体化设计

Overload changes the internal ballistics of the motor and the erosion of the thermal protection structure, which increases the coupling degree between engine design and flight trajectory design. Conventional solid rocket overall-motor discrete design is difficult to fully consider this coupling relationship. By studying the coupling relationship between internal ballistics, external ballistics and thermal protection structure, an internal ballistics model and a thermal protection structure model considering flight overload are formed. An integrated simulation method based on internal ballistic model, external ballistics model and thermal protection structure model is established to achieve accurate prediction of internal, external ballistics and thermal protection structure erosion under overload. The calculation results show that under overload, the pressure of the motor increases, the altitude and the local flight path angle of the shutdown point increases, while the flight speed remains basically unchanged. The total mass of the thermal protection structure increases and the thermal protection structure thickness of the nozzle changes, requiring strengthened thermal protection. The integrated simulation correctly predicts the changes of internal and external ballistics under overload, laying the foundation for the joint design of internal ballistics, external ballistics and thermal protection structure, which can improve the integration degree of solid rocket overall-motor design.

influence of overload  /  solid rocket  /  internal and external ballistic  /  motor thermal protection structure  /  integrated design
梁镕基, 雷建长, 池元成. 过载下内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算方法研究. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (3) : 14 -22 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303
Rongji LIANG, Jianchang LEI, Yuancheng CHI. Research on the Integrated Simulation Method of Internal Ballistics, External Ballistics and Thermal Protection Structure under Overload[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (3) : 14 -22 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303
在传统固体火箭设计模式中,总体设计提出发动机的设计性能指标,如总冲、工作时间、平均推力等,发动机设计则以总体指标为基准,以发动机单机性能最优为目标开展优化设计。在总体-动力分立的设计下,设计环节间的迭代周期长,分立下的总体设计最优或动力设计最优并不代表全局性能最优,固体火箭总体性能仍有上升空间。
内外弹道一体化设计充分考虑发动机性能与总体性能间的耦合关系,是提高固体火箭总体-动力设计一体化程度,提升固体火箭总体性能的有效方法,国内外学者对该领域开展了相关研究,Dupont等1基于HADES V15.0平台建立了包含动力、结构、气动、弹道与成本估算等模块的联合计算模型,以成本和有效载荷为目标开展固体火箭优化。Roshanian2集成了动力、质量、气动与弹道模型,基于可靠性分析设定优化约束,进行内外弹道设计优化,最终提升了火箭的投掷质量。吕艳等3分析了比冲偏差、气动偏差、大气密度偏差等多个偏差量,基于不确定性提出内外弹道设计的优化约束与优化目标,通过优化算法提高了火箭运载能力。范健等4建立了固体火箭内外弹道联合计算模型,根据经验选取影响较大、相互独立的药柱设计参数作为优化变量,在满足火箭战术指标要求下提高了火箭弹射程。Mahjub等5对四级中型固体运载火箭开展了内外弹道联合优化,其一级发动机采用“前高后低”的双推力内弹道形式,在改善了二级起控环境的同时减少了运载能力的损失。
然而,过载下发动机内弹道改变,热防护结构烧蚀加剧,增加了总体与动力设计间的耦合关系。田忠亮等6通过离散坐标方法研究了过载下锥形药柱的燃面退移,在横向过载下推进剂燃速增加,锥形药柱燃烧偏心,燃烧室压强上升。诸毓武7结合工程计算与流场仿真方法分析了绝热层在火箭主动段全程过载下的烧蚀情况,结果表明过载方向的金属粒子浓度上升,绝热层烧蚀量增加,绝热层烧蚀分布不均匀。雷建长等8在内外弹道耦合模型中建立了过载对喷管热防护层烧蚀与推进剂燃速的影响,结果显示过载影响下低空轨道的关机点高度降低、速度增加、弹道倾角减少。当前的总体-动力一体化设计中少有考虑过载对发动机的影响,尚未研究内外弹道与热防护结构的一体化设计,有待进一步提高内外弹道计算模型的精细程度,增加总体-动力设计一体化程度。
为提高固体火箭的设计效率与总体性能,保证热防护设计安全有效,本文在内弹道计算与热防护结构烧蚀计算中建立过载影响机理,形成过载下的内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀的联合计算框架与流程,量化分析了过载影响下的内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀耦合,有助于提高固体火箭总体-动力设计一体化程度。
内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算模型包含3个子模型,分别为内弹道模型、外弹道模型与热防护结构烧蚀模型,模型的参数传递如图1所示。在固体发动机点火后,随着固体推进剂燃烧不断产生燃气,燃气一方面提高燃烧室压强,经喷管膨胀喷出后推动火箭飞行,另一方面产物中的凝相粒子(含铝复合推进剂中为氧化铝颗粒)冲击热防护结构,加剧了热防护结构烧蚀。内弹道模型负责求解燃烧室的压强,获取燃烧室压强后,通过喷管膨胀的关系式可以求出喷管出口压强与出口质量流量,在这之后,基于喷管出口压强、出口面积与当前大气环境压强求解发动机推力,以出口质量流量计算固体火箭飞行过程的质量变化;外弹道模型计算火箭的飞行轨迹,由发动机推力与火箭质量等参数决定,其控制方程为三自由度的质心运动方程;热防护结构烧蚀模型计算烧蚀厚度,烧蚀厚度由燃烧室内流场以及暴露在高温燃气中的时间决定。
在飞行过程中,飞行过载对内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀产生影响,增加了模型间的耦合关系,一方面过载改变推进剂燃速,使内弹道的推力、质量流量发生变化,影响凝相粒子流量,导致承载侧的绝热层提前暴露,进而反作用于外弹道性能与热防护结构厚度;另一方面过载改变了热防护结构表面的凝相粒子分布,特定部位热防护结构烧蚀增加,改变了热防护结构的设计质量以及喉部面积,对内外弹道产生反作用。
根据上述模型关系,联合计算模型的关键耦合参数为飞行过载、燃气质量流量、燃烧室绝热层暴露时间、热防护结构质量以及喉部面积,在所有子模型中,内弹道模型关联的耦合量较多,耦合关系复杂。
鉴于模型间的步长差距大,采用统一步长同时运行所有子模型的效率较低,本文建立的联合计算模型通过迭代方式求解模型间的耦合关系,保持子模型间的相互独立性。基于ISIGHT建立的联合计算模型如图2所示,在初始化环节,首先在ANSYS实体造型软件中根据药型参数建立装药几何外形,划分燃面网格,之后在无过载条件下运行热防护结构和内弹道模块,计算结果作为迭代环节初值。迭代环节依次运行外弹道、热防护结构以及内弹道模块。上游子模型运行完成后即刻更新下游子模型的耦合输入参数,由于固体火箭的总体性能一般以外弹道参数表征,如终点速度、投掷距离等,迭代的收敛参数选取飞行终点的高度与速度,收敛容差设定为0.01%。
内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀联合计算模型以过载下热防护结构烧蚀的数值仿真研究和燃速研究为基础,建立考虑过载影响的内弹道模型和热防护结构烧蚀模型。通过模型联合仿真,充分考虑内弹道、外弹道和热防护结构烧蚀间的耦合影响,提高了模型的精细程度。基于联合计算模型,内弹道、外弹道与热防护结构得以在统一框架下进行设计优化,提高了总体-动力设计的一体化程度。
内弹道计算的核心是研究发动机燃烧室内的压强随时间变化的规律,在过载影响下,承载一侧的推进剂燃速增加,燃面退移加快,将发生不对称的非均匀退移,在本节使用Greatix燃速模型9计算过载下的燃速分布,利用偏移面方法10和零维内弹道方法计算发动机内弹道。
过载对推进剂燃速的作用机理十分复杂,表现为承载侧推进剂燃速增加,燃速的增加量受到加速度大小、燃烧室压强、基础燃速等多方面影响,Greatix燃速模型基于推进剂燃烧参数进行理论推导,将燃速与过载直接联系,燃速模型如下9
r b = r b + G a / ρ s e x p [ C p δ 0 ( ρ s r b + G a ) / γ ] - 1 · C p ( T F - T S ) ( C s ( T S - T i ) )
δ 0 = k ρ s r 0 C p · l n 1 + C p ( T F - T S ) C s ( T S - T i ) - Δ H s
G a = a n p c δ 0 r 0 r b R T F r b
式中 r 0为基础燃速; r b为过载下燃速; C p为燃气定压比热容; C s为推进剂比热容; T S为推进剂表面温度; T F为燃气温度; T i为参考温度; Δ H s为净表面热流; δ 0为火焰层厚度; k为燃气绝热指数; a n为表面法向过载; p c为燃烧室压强。当 a n<0时,推进剂的燃速为基础燃速。本节使用HTPB/AP/AL含铝复合推进剂,基于配方计算燃气性质,在已知 r 0与法向过载的情况下,通过牛顿法迭代求解 r b,求解精度为1×10-5
发动机药柱为后翼柱形,配置4个翼槽,装药侧面与端面均进行包覆,内表面燃烧,药柱长径比3.75,内孔直径400 mm,通过实体造型软件建模并划分三角面网格如图3所示。
本文建立的后翼柱形装药发动机的长径比小于6,属于短粗发动机,燃气的侵蚀燃烧与流动壅塞现象弱。此外,为研究横向过载对燃气分布的作用,通过计算流体力学仿真了横向过载下的燃烧室内流场,在飞行弹道可能的最大横向过载6g下,承载侧和非承载侧压力的相对偏差如图4所示,在喉部前(轴向坐标5 m)燃气压强分布均匀,不受横向过载影响,而在喉部后燃气超声速流动,湍流强度大,压强分布不再均匀。综上分析,可以假设燃烧室内的燃气参数不随空间变化,压强、温度、燃气成分在燃烧室内分布均匀,视为零维内弹道问题,压强计算方程如下:
d p c d t = R T F V c ρ S A b r - p c A t C *
A b r = i = 1 n A i r i
式中 V c为自由容积; C *为推进剂特征速度; R为燃气的气体常数; A b r为燃面与燃速乘积; A ii单元燃面面积。
求解上述压强计算方程的关键是获得燃面面积与燃速的乘积 A b r,过载下推进剂燃面发生非均匀退移,燃面面积计算存在困难,本节建立偏移面方法10,通过移动界面网格追踪非均匀退移的燃面。根据燃面网格点所有邻面的偏移面重构下一时间步的点位置,为保持燃面几何特征,通过曲面特征辨识正确识别网格点处于平面、棱边还是棱角,以此修正网格点位置,在移动燃面后,应用网格质量优化方法保证网格质量。
本文建立的偏移方法可以获得不同横轴向过载下的内弹道,由于轴向过载与大部分燃面平行,影响很小,因此主要研究横向过载的作用效果,最终获得0~12g全程横向过载下的燃烧室压强与过载影响的相对变化量,如图5图6所示,在0~50 s的主要工作阶段,横向过载使推进剂燃速上升,燃烧室压强较无过载情况增加。
在50 s之后的临近结束阶段,横向过载使承载面的推进剂提前烧尽,燃面减少,燃烧室压强提前下降。此外,发动机工作20 s时装药的翼槽特征烧尽,燃烧室压强开始下降,横向过载提前了翼槽的烧尽时间与压强下降时间,产生了压强相对变化曲线上20 s处的凹点。过载影响与过载大小呈比例关系,在12g横向过载下,较无过载情况,主要工作阶段平均压强增加了1.05%,最大压强增加了1.07%;在临近结束阶段,压强提前2 s开始下降,在56 s附近减少了48%;在20 s附近,翼槽烧尽时间提前了1.1 s。
通过统计燃面到达边界的时间,获得了绝热层暴露时间,承载侧绝热层暴露时间如图7所示。翼柱形装药的翼槽部分绝热层暴露时间长,平均暴露时间约为40 s。圆柱段是装药最后燃尽的部分,暴露时间仅有几秒或在工作过程中不发生暴露。在过载影响下,承载侧绝热层提前暴露,药柱的圆柱段受过载作用时间长,绝热层暴露时间变化较为明显;翼槽装药在20 s附近烧尽,受过载作用时间短,暴露时间变化相对较小。随过载大小提高,绝热层暴露时间延长,在12g的横向过载作用下,承载侧绝热层暴露时间平均增加了1.27 s,最大增加时间位于圆柱段,增量为2.7 s。
在本文研究飞行弹道下,发动机可能受到的最大横向过载在6g左右,在全程6g横向过载下,较无过载情况,主要工作阶段平均压强增加0.55%,最大压强增加0.45%。临近结束阶段压强下降时间提前1 s,57 s附近的压强减小42%,对发动机推力产生了一定的影响。绝热层在承载侧暴露时间平均增加0.64 s,最大增量为2.03 s。由于圆柱段绝热层暴露时间短,过载影响带来的暴露时间相对变化大,所受影响较大,而翼槽部分的绝热层暴露时间长,暴露时间相对增加少,所受影响较小。
含铝量较高的固体推进剂在燃烧时产生凝相粒子流(熔融氧化铝颗粒),过载下凝相粒子轨迹改变,在承载侧聚集或高速撞击壁面,增加热防护结构的化学烧蚀率与机械侵蚀率,燃烧室绝热层的烧蚀研究以粒子聚集度、粒子速度、粒子冲击角度为参数,基于试验结果拟合粒子冲击产生的热增量与绝热层机械侵蚀率11-12,而喷管热防护材料以硬质抗烧蚀材料为主,可以通过凝相冲击剥蚀模型计算机械侵蚀率13。本节首先计算飞行过载下的稳态凝相粒子分布,随后建立稳态结果与动态飞行过程的联系,最终以一维的绝热层烧蚀模型计算燃烧室绝热层厚度,以OKA凝相冲击模型14与热烧蚀经验公式计算喷管热防护层分布。
为获取粒子环境下的热防护结构烧蚀速率,需要获得凝相粒子的粒子聚集度、粒子速度、粒子冲击角度。本节采用可压缩湍流的连续方程、动量方程以及能量方程建立燃烧室流场计算模型,考虑流体曳力、浮力、流场压强追踪粒子运动轨迹,在壁面处采用基于韦伯数的粒子沉积反弹耦合模型15,粒子反弹系数的拟合公式如下16
e n = - 0.3865 α 3 + 0.5644 α 2 + 0.1896 α + 0.2587
e t = - 1.434 α 3 + 3.643 α 2 - 2.612 α + 1.262
式中 e n为法向反弹系数; e t为切向反弹系数; α为粒子入射角。按推进剂配方计算,粒子质量为燃气总质量33%;粒子粒径参考文献[17],取Rosin-Rammler分布,设定平均粒径为70 μm,分布系数3.5,分布范围为10~120 μm。粒子轨迹追踪与相应的网格划分如图8所示,喷管收敛段的粒子聚集度高,速度快,热防护层烧蚀环境恶劣,需要重点研究其粒子冲击环境;扩张段壁面基本不受粒子冲击,可认为0~6g的小横向过载对其烧蚀率影响较小。
通过粒子轨迹后处理获得喷管收敛段的粒子冲击环境,6g横向过载下的喷管粒子冲击环境如图9所示,收敛段上游的粒子冲击速度小,聚集浓度较低,这些区域的热防护层烧蚀受凝相粒子影响较小;收敛段下游接近喉部区域的粒子聚集浓度高,冲击速度大,此处粒子侵蚀环境较为恶劣;喷管喉部在当前横向过载下聚集浓度很低,受粒子侵蚀影响弱。当凝相粒子以高密度、大速度以及小角度冲击时,产生的机械破坏最大,而横向过载使粒子偏转,粒子聚集浓度在承载侧上升,最大聚集浓度从17.59 kg/m3上升至30.9 kg/m3,入射角度在承载侧减小,最小入射角度从73.8°下降至12.7°,冲击速度则变化不大,这使承载侧的粒子侵蚀环境恶化;非承载侧的变化趋势则与承载侧相反,在此侧凝相粒子的机械破坏减弱。
为计算飞行全程的绝热层烧蚀,需要合理建立稳态计算结果与内外弹道的联系。在小过载下,氧化铝粒子在发动机内的停留时间一般小于0.05 s17,在过载改变后很快重新达到稳态,响应时间远小于热防护结构烧蚀时间,因此可以假设燃烧室内流场与粒子轨迹处于瞬时稳态,以燃气的质量流量与飞行过载作为稳态流场与内外弹道间的联系参数。比如在固体火箭飞行的13~15 s间,内弹道质量流量从400 kg/s降低至300 kg/s,飞行过载从横向0g、轴向10g变为横向2g、轴向6g,内流场与粒子轨迹即视为从质量流量400 kg/s、横向过载0g与轴向过载10g的稳态工况下转化为质量流量300 kg/s、横向过载2g与轴向过载6g的稳态工况,而13~15 s间的状态看作前后稳态工况的中间状态,通过联系参数的三维插值获得。
通过计算燃气质量流量(0~400 kg/s)、横向过载(0~6g)与轴向过载(0~10g)下共48种不同工况的燃烧室流场与粒子轨迹,构建稳态工况网格,工况间的横向过载计算间隔为2g、轴向过载计算间隔为5g、质量流量计算间隔为100 kg/s。最终以联系参数插值获得飞行全程的粒子环境。为方便热防护结构计算使用,粒子数据转换至均匀网格,使用中位数滤波方法降噪,如图10所示。
根据2.2.1节的粒子轨迹追踪结果,在0~6g小横向过载范围内,扩张段不受粒子冲击,喉部的粒子侵蚀环境变化很小,这些部位的粒子侵蚀环境不与内外弹道耦合,因此在本文中不研究扩张段与喉部的热防护设计。余下部位的热防护结构的烧蚀不均匀,在燃烧室区内,翼槽附近的绝热层暴露时间与圆柱段绝热层暴露时间存在较大差异,承受过载一侧的绝热层暴露时间有所增加。在喷管收敛段至喉部前,粒子侵蚀条件影响热防护层的烧蚀速率,过载方向的粒子侵蚀环境更加恶劣。为进行绝热层的合理布置,对热防护结构布置区域划分均匀网格,如图11所示,在每个网格单元内进行一维烧蚀计算。
燃烧室绝热层材料选取三元乙丙橡胶,热化学烧蚀计算方法为一维的分层烧蚀计算18,绝热层烧蚀后形成碳化层、热解层与原始层。碳化层是绝热层材料热解后形成的多孔碳层,热解层是绝热层材料发生热解反应的位置,可以简化为无厚度界面X L,原始层是绝热层材料未发生热解反应的部位,绝热层的烧蚀厚度即为碳化层厚度。碳化层、热解层与原始层的控制方程和边界条件如下:
碳化层:
ρ 1 C 1 T 1 t = k 1 2 T 1 x 2
- k 1 T 1 x x = 0 = q r + q p + q c
T 1 x = X L = T L
热解层:
Q ˙ d t = ρ 2 L d X L + ρ 2 C 2 ( T L - T ¯ 2 ) d X L
原始层:
ρ 2 C 2 T 2 t = k 2 2 T 2 x 2
T 2 x = X L = T L
T 1 x = X m a x = 0
式中 T ρ C k分别为温度、平均密度、比热容与导热系数,下标1、2分别为碳化层与原始层; q r为辐射热流; q p为粒子撞击热流; q c为对流换热热流; L为热解反应热; d X L为热解层在一个时间步内的移动距离; T L为绝热层热解温度; T ¯ 2为原始层在 d X L内的平均温度; Q ˙为碳化层向热解层的导热量。
粒子冲击改变绝热层的烧蚀情况,首先是绝热层在燃气边界增加了粒子撞击热流 q p,其次是绝热层受粒子撞击产生机械破坏,需要对热化学烧蚀量修正,参考文献[11]的粒子热流公式与文献[12]的三元乙丙橡胶粒子烧蚀实验,得到的公式如下:
q p = 7.16 × 10 5 · m ˙ c p 0.5 · V p 0.18 · c o s α
弱冲蚀条件下(V p<28 m/s):
r = r 0 + 0.01292 × m ˙ c p 0.9415 · V p 0.0532 · c o s α
强冲蚀条件下(V p≥28 m/s):
r = r 0 + 0.01292 × m ˙ c p 0.8834 · V p 0.9165 · c o s α 0.486
式中 m c p为粒子聚集浓度; V p为粒子冲击速度; r 0为热化学烧蚀率; r为冲蚀条件下的绝热层烧蚀率。
喷管热防护材料选取C/C复合材料,其热化学烧蚀率根据BATES发动机试验数据819拟合,如下所示:
R = 0.58 × 0.0254 × M W × 100
式中 M W为水蒸气的摩尔百分数。粒子冲击的机械破坏率通过OKA18模型获得:
e r = g ( α ) e r e f U U r e f k 2 D D r e f k 3
g ( α ) = ( c o s α ) n 1 [ 1 + H v ( 1 - c o s α ) ] n 2
式中 g ( α )为入射角函数; U为粒子速度; e为侵蚀率; D为粒子直径; H v为维氏硬度,单位GPa;下标ref表示参考基准; k 2 k 3 n 1 n 2为模型系数。参考基准与模型系数参考文献[13]的取值。
获得热防护结构烧蚀厚度后,为保证发动机壳体强度,以工作结束后发动机壁温(即热防护结构底部温度)不高于393 K作为热防护结构设计条件,计算各设计单元的热防护结构设计厚度。由于粒子的轴向运动主要由高速燃气拖曳,作用力远大于轴向过载,因此轴向过载对热防护结构厚度影响较小。横向过载的作用效果如图12所示,6g横向过载下,燃烧室的绝热层在承载侧增厚,在非承载侧变化不大,总质量上升了5.6 kg。喷管收敛段的热防护层厚度在承载侧增加,在非承载侧减少,质量基本不变,厚度分布则变化较大,在承载侧靠近喉部位置,热防护层的设计厚度最大增加了1 mm,因此需要重点考虑该点位的热防护问题。
建立以内弹道模型、外弹道模型与热防护结构烧蚀模型为基础的联合计算模型,针对某低轨固体火箭的一级飞行弹道,比较轴向过载正常加载下,考虑/不考虑横向过载影响的联合计算结果,分析横向过载对固体火箭内外弹道性能与热防护结构烧蚀厚度产生的影响。
在本文的飞行条件下,发动机在20 s后受到平均2.8g的横向过载,持续38 s。内弹道因横向过载产生的压强、质量流量以及海平面推力偏差如图13所示,压强、质量流量以及推力的变化趋势一致。在横向过载影响下,大部分时间三者均轻微上升,燃烧室的最大压强出现在大攻角转弯段之前(20 s前),所受横向过载小,上升幅度仅0.01%;大攻角转弯段(20~50 s)的横向过载大,燃烧室平均压强上升0.21%;在关机点,承载侧燃面烧尽时间提前0.61 s,压强、质量流量以及推力皆大幅下降。
飞行弹道因横向过载产生的高度、当地速度倾角、动压、速度大小偏差如图14所示。在大攻角转弯段,横向过载增加固体火箭推力增加,相对于不考虑横向过载情况,飞行高度和速度上升,同时弹道拉平速度加快,速度倾角略有降低。在发动机临近关机时,由于承载侧装药会提前烧尽,推力降低,飞行速度偏差逐渐减小,弹道拉平基本停止,当地速度倾角相对增加。在关机点处,飞行高度上升了0.20%,当地速度倾角上升了0.64%,飞行动压下降了1.12%,飞行速度偏差接近0%。根据速度偏差曲线,横向过载实质使临近关机点的推进剂能量转移至大攻角转弯段释放,由于转弯段固体火箭的俯仰角较大,转移的能量更多转化为火箭的垂直速度,使关机点飞行高度上升、速度倾角增加。
热防护结构计算结果如图15所示,考虑横向过载后,热防护结构总质量增加0.82 kg,其中燃烧室绝热质量增加0.59 kg,相对变化较小;喷管热防护层在承载侧的收敛段下游粒子聚集度增加,冲击速度提高,烧蚀增加,高烧蚀区域扩大,热防护质量增加0.23 kg。在喷管热防护层的最大变化点位,粒子聚集度上升1.5 kg/m3,平均冲击速度提高4.4 m/s,平均冲击角度减小0.35°,导致平均机械侵蚀速率提高了0.016 mm/s,最终该点的热防护层设计厚度增加了0.9 mm。
综合以上计算结果,在当前条件下,过载耦合对内外弹道产生的影响较小,关机点的高度、当地速度倾角、速度大小偏差均在0.65%以内,内弹道偏差在大部分时间处于0.21%左右。但是,热防护结构的厚度分布在过载影响下发生较明显的变化,横向过载增加了承载侧的热防护结构厚度,最大增加量为0.9 mm,增加幅度9.9%,不考虑横向过载进行热防护结构设计存在热防护失效风险。考虑到火箭的优化设计指标一般定在总体性能提高5%至10%,而在当前过载下耦合产生的速度与高度偏差相对较低,可以认为过载耦合对总体性能的影响较小,但由于热防护结构烧蚀与内外弹道之间的紧密耦合关系,需要关注过载对热防护结构厚度的影响,加强相关区域的热防护。
本文以过载影响与内外弹道耦合机理为基础,建立了内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀的联合计算方法,此方法适用于使用高含铝推进剂、受长时间小横向过载作用的固体火箭飞行任务。使用联合计算方法对长时间0~6g横向过载下的固体火箭内外弹道与热防护结构烧蚀建模,开展横向过载影响分析,结果显示在0~6g小横向过载且偏转的粒子未直接冲击喉部的情况下,内外弹道的变化不大,但需要关注热防护结构厚度分布的变化,加强热防护措施。本文建立的方法可应用于内外弹道与热防护结构的联合设计,有助于提升固体火箭总体-动力设计一体化程度。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
DUPONT C, TROMBA A, MISSONNIER S. New strategy to preliminary design space launch vehicle based on a dedicated MDO platform[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2019(158): 103-110.
[2]
ROSHANIAN J, EBRAHIMI M. Latin hypercube sampling applied to reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization of a launch vehicle[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2013, 28(1): 297-304.
[3]
吕艳, 刘百奇, 尹世明. 基于不确定性的内外弹道联合优化方法[J].战术导弹技术, 2018(2): 56-59+101.
Yan LYU, LIU Baiqi, YIN Shiming. An optimum method for internal and external ballistic design[J]. Tactical Missile Technology, 2018(2): 56-59+101.
[4]
范健, 杨春, 佟明曦, 等. 基于内外弹道联合仿真的固体火箭发动机优化设计[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2018, 38(2): 56-60.
FAN Jian, YANG Chun, TONG Mingxi, et al. Optimization of solid rocket motor based on joint-simulation of internal and external ballistic design[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missile and Guidance, 2018, 38(2): 56-60.
[5]
MAHJUB A, MAZLAN N M, ABDULLAH M Z, et al. Design optimization of solid rocket propulsion: a survey of recent advance-ments[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2020, 57(1): 3-11.
[6]
田忠亮, 李军伟, 贺业, 等. 横向过载下锥孔三维药柱的内弹道特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 1896-1907.
TIAN Zhongliang, LI Junwei, HE Ye, et al. Analysis of interior ballistic characteristics of conical three-dimensional charge column under lateral overload[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1896-1907.
[7]
诸毓武. 某导弹主动段全程横向过载条件下发动机绝热层安全性分析[J]. 上海航天, 2013, 30(2): 56-59.
ZHU Yuwu. Security analysis of motor insulation under whole process transverse overload for some missile in boost phase[J]. Aerospace Shanghai, 2013, 30(2): 56-59.
[8]
雷建长, 杨毅, 徐维乐, 等. 固体火箭内外弹道一体化设计方法研究[J]. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2022(5): 13-17.
LEI Jianchang, YANG Yi, XU Weile, et al. Research on the integrated design method of internal and external ballistics of solid rocket[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2022(5): 13-17.
[9]
GREATRIX D R. Powered flight[M]. London: Springer, 2012.
[10]
JIAO X. Face offsetting: a unified approach for explicit moving interfaces[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2007(2): 612-625.
[11]
张翔宇, 刘佩进, 李鹏飞, 等. 固体火箭发动机热流测量方法及试验研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2011, 34(1): 131-134.
ZHANG Xiangyu, LIU Peijin, LI Pengfei, et al. Heat flux measurement method and experimental research in SRM[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2011, 34(1): 131-134.
[12]
许团委, 陆贺建, 王健儒, 等. 稠密粒子流作用下三元乙丙绝热材料烧蚀性能分析[J]. 推进技术, 2018, 39(12): 2845-2852.
XU Tuanwei, LU Hejian, WANG Jianru, et al. Analysis of dense particle stream on ablation properties of EPDM insulation[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(12): 2845-2852.
[13]
THAKRE P, RAWAT R, CLAYTON R, et al. Mechanical erosion of graphite nozzle in solid-propellant rocket motor[J]. Journal of Propulsion & Power, 2013, 29(3): 593-601.
[14]
OKA Y I, OKAMURA K, YOSHIDA T. Practical estimation of erosion damage caused by solid particle impact. part 1: effects of impact parameters on a predictive equation[J]. Wear, 2005(1): 95-101.
[15]
田维平, 许团委, 王健儒. 过载下燃烧室粒子特性与绝热层烧蚀研究进展[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2015, 38(1): 30-36+66.
TIAN Weiping, XU Tuanwei, WANG Jianru. Progress on condensed-phase particle characteristic and insulation ablation in SRM chamber with flight overload[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2015, 38(1): 30-36+66.
[16]
徐义华, 胡春波, 李江. 炭化层对粒子反弹系数测量实验研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2011, 31(1): 119-122.
XU Yihua, HU Chunbo, LI Jiang. The experimental research on measurement of rebound coefficient for particle impacting charring-layer[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2011, 31(1): 119-122.
[17]
王立武, 赵朝坤, 田维平, 等. 过载对固体发动机凝相粒子运动的影响分析[J]. 空气动力学报, 2020, 38(5): 874-879.
WANG Liwu, ZHAO Chaokun, TIAN Weiping, et al. Analysis of particle motion in solid rocket motor under different acceleration[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2020, 38(5): 874-879.
[18]
鲍福廷, 侯晓. 固体火箭发动机设计[M]. 北京: 中国宇航出版社, 2016.
BAO Fuyan, HOU Xiao. Solid rocket motor design[M]. Beijing: China Astronautic Publishing House, 2016.
[19]
SABNIS, JAYANT S. Numerical simulation of distributed combus-tion in solid rocket motors with metalized propellant[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2003, 19(1): 48-55.
2025年第48卷第3期
PDF下载
493
205
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303
  • 接收时间:2025-01-20
  • 首发时间:2025-10-27
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20
  • 修回日期:2025-05-10
基金
作者信息
    中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddyht/CN/10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250303
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏