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In response to the low detectability requirements of micro radar detectors, a hybrid polarization-frequency selective rasorber (PFSR) is proposed. Firstly, based on the equivalent circuit analysis method derived from transmission line theory, the mechanism for achieving wave absorption and transmission compatibility is explored. Furthermore, by employing a bilaterally asymmetric loading approach with resistive sheet, the polarization-selective functionality of the transmission window is realized. Finally, through a hybrid design of resistive sheet, the challenge of achieving wideband absorption and transmission compatibility is addressed. Simulation results indicate that when TE waves are incident, this structure exhibits integrated functionalities with wave transmission in the frequency range of 6.8 to ${7.8}\mathrm{{GHz}}$ and low scattering across 2.2 to${18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$. In contrast, when TM waves are incident, it demonstrates an effective wave-absorbing capability with low scattering in the frequency range of 3.2 to 18.0 GHz. This design offers a viable solution for enhancing wideband low detectability in flight communication platforms such as satellites.

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针对卫星等飞行通信平台的低可探测性需求问题,提出了一种混合式极化-频率选择吸波体(Polarization-Frequency Selective Rasorber,PFSR)解决方案。首先,基于传输线理论的等效电路分析方法,探究了吸透波兼容实现机理;然后,通过损耗层双边不对称加载的方式,实现了透波窗口的极化选择功能;最后,采用损耗层混合式设计,解决了宽频带吸透波兼容难的问题。仿真结果表明,该结构在$\mathrm{{TE}}$波入射时具有${6.8}\sim {7.8}\mathrm{{GHz}}$频段透波、${2.2}\sim {18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$频段低散射的吸透一体化功能,在TM波入射时具有3.2~18.0 GHz频段低散射的吸波功能。该结构可为卫星等飞行通信平台的宽频带低可探测性设计提供解决方案。

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刘佳琪(1963—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器设计。

宋杭(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为目标特征控制技术。

张生俊(1971—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器设计。

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$a$一加载臂长度;$b$一耶路撒冷十字长度;$w$一耶路撒冷十字宽度;$q$一加载电阻宽度;$p$一介质板材边长;$g$一交指宽度;$t$一交指缝隙宽度;$c$一交指长度。

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${a}_{\mathrm{f}}- \mathrm{{FSS}}$加载臂长度;${b}_{\mathrm{f}}- \mathrm{{FSS}}$耶路撒冷十字长度;${w}_{\mathrm{f}}- \mathrm{{FSS}}$耶路撒冷十字宽度;$p$一介质板材边长;${g}_{\mathrm{f}}- \mathrm{{FSS}}$加载臂宽度。

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${a}_{\mathrm{n}}- \mathrm{{RS}}$背面加载臂长度;${b}_{\mathrm{n}}- \mathrm{{RS}}$背面耶路撒冷十字长度;${c}_{\mathrm{n}}- \mathrm{{RS}}$背面电阻中心间距;${w}_{\mathrm{n}}- \mathrm{{RS}}$背面耶路撒冷十字宽度;${q}_{\mathrm{n}}- \mathrm{{RS}}$背面电阻宽度;$R$-RS背面加载电阻。

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参数参数
$a$5$p$9
$b$8.9$g$0.15
$W$1.2$t$0.1
$q$0.2$C$2.55
), ArticleFig(id=1197268822060220906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845601951911, language=CN, label=表1, caption=RS结构参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数参数
$a$5$p$9
$b$8.9$g$0.15
$W$1.2$t$0.1
$q$0.2$C$2.55
), ArticleFig(id=1197268822341239275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845601951911, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Structure parameters of a FSS unit cell, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数参数
${a}_{\mathrm{f}}$8.7$p$9
${b}_{\mathrm{f}}$7.3${g}_{\mathrm{f}}$0.2
${w}_{\mathrm{f}}$0.4--
), ArticleFig(id=1197268822550954476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845601951911, language=CN, label=表2, caption=FSS结构参数单位:mm, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数参数
${a}_{\mathrm{f}}$8.7$p$9
${b}_{\mathrm{f}}$7.3${g}_{\mathrm{f}}$0.2
${w}_{\mathrm{f}}$0.4--
), ArticleFig(id=1197268822731309549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845601951911, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Behind structure parameters of a RS unit cell, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数参数
${a}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$5${w}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$0.6
${b}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$8.8${q}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$0.4
${c}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$1.7$R/\Omega$100
), ArticleFig(id=1197268822915858926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845601951911, language=CN, label=表3, caption=RS背面结构参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数参数
${a}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$5${w}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$0.6
${b}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$8.8${q}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$0.4
${c}_{\mathrm{n}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$1.7$R/\Omega$100
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一种混合式极化-频率选择吸波体设计
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刘佳琪 , 宋杭 , 张生俊
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 攻防对抗技术专栏 2025,48(1): 91-97
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 攻防对抗技术专栏 2025, 48(1): 91-97
一种混合式极化-频率选择吸波体设计
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刘佳琪, 宋杭, 张生俊
作者信息
  • 北京航天长征飞行器研究所,北京,100076
  • 刘佳琪(1963—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器设计。

    宋杭(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为目标特征控制技术。

    张生俊(1971—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器设计。

A Design of Hybrid Polarization-frequency Selective Rasorber
Jiaqi LIU, Hang SONG, Shengjun ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250113
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针对卫星等飞行通信平台的低可探测性需求问题,提出了一种混合式极化-频率选择吸波体(Polarization-Frequency Selective Rasorber,PFSR)解决方案。首先,基于传输线理论的等效电路分析方法,探究了吸透波兼容实现机理;然后,通过损耗层双边不对称加载的方式,实现了透波窗口的极化选择功能;最后,采用损耗层混合式设计,解决了宽频带吸透波兼容难的问题。仿真结果表明,该结构在$\mathrm{{TE}}$波入射时具有${6.8}\sim {7.8}\mathrm{{GHz}}$频段透波、${2.2}\sim {18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$频段低散射的吸透一体化功能,在TM波入射时具有3.2~18.0 GHz频段低散射的吸波功能。该结构可为卫星等飞行通信平台的宽频带低可探测性设计提供解决方案。

极化选择  /  频率选择  /  吸波体  /  透波窗口  /  混合式损耗层

In response to the low detectability requirements of micro radar detectors, a hybrid polarization-frequency selective rasorber (PFSR) is proposed. Firstly, based on the equivalent circuit analysis method derived from transmission line theory, the mechanism for achieving wave absorption and transmission compatibility is explored. Furthermore, by employing a bilaterally asymmetric loading approach with resistive sheet, the polarization-selective functionality of the transmission window is realized. Finally, through a hybrid design of resistive sheet, the challenge of achieving wideband absorption and transmission compatibility is addressed. Simulation results indicate that when TE waves are incident, this structure exhibits integrated functionalities with wave transmission in the frequency range of 6.8 to ${7.8}\mathrm{{GHz}}$ and low scattering across 2.2 to${18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$. In contrast, when TM waves are incident, it demonstrates an effective wave-absorbing capability with low scattering in the frequency range of 3.2 to 18.0 GHz. This design offers a viable solution for enhancing wideband low detectability in flight communication platforms such as satellites.

polarization selective  /  frequency selective  /  absorber  /  transmission window  /  hybrid resistive sheet
刘佳琪, 宋杭, 张生俊. 一种混合式极化-频率选择吸波体设计. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (1) : 91 -97 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250113
Jiaqi LIU, Hang SONG, Shengjun ZHANG. A Design of Hybrid Polarization-frequency Selective Rasorber[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (1) : 91 -97 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250113
频率选择吸波体(Frequency Selective Rasorber, FSR)是一种具有带内透波、带外吸波功能的多层复合电磁窗结构[1],是解决飞行通信平台低可探测性设计难题的有效途径。
FSR按照透波带与吸波带在频谱上的相对位置可分为低频透波(LT-FSR)[2]、高频透波(HT-FSR)[3-4]以及中频透波${\left(\text{MT-FSR}\right)}$[5-7]3类。相较于前两者, MT-FSR能够在透波窗口的低频侧和高频侧同时实现吸波功能, 具有更好的低可探测性效果, 在通信以及军事领域有着良好的应用前景。
由于吸波带中心频率和带宽均为层间厚度的函数, 在MT-FSR的设计中存在低频和高频吸波带对应层间厚度不一致的矛盾。受此限制, 当前MT-FSR的工作频带均为窄带,且高频吸波效果普遍不佳[5-7]。 因此, 亟需探究在S-X波段宽带工作的MT-FSR的实现机理, 解决MT-FSR难以应对雷达宽带探测威胁的难题。
微型雷达探测器是飞行器实现通信、制导等功能的重要前提。然而,由于双极化通道成本高,大部分飞行平台载微型雷达探测器均采用单极化的工作模式。然而当前单极化FSR均未考虑对另一极化的吸波功能, 不适用于微型雷达探测器的低可探测性设计。 因此, 研究具有极化选择功能的FSR, 对于进一步提高微型雷达探测器的低可探测性具有重要意义。
FSR是一种由损耗层(Resistive Sheet, RS)、介质层(Dielectric Spacer, DS)以及带通频率选择表面(Frequency Selective Surface, FSS)级联而成的多层复合电磁窗结构, 其单元结构如图1a所示。根据等效传输线理论[2], FSR及其周围自由空间可视为二端口网络, 介质层和自由空间等效为双线传输线, 端口1和端口2作为自由空间中的平面波入射端口。有损的RS和无损的FSS分为等效为传输线上并联的电阻、 电容和电感组成的电路负载。从功能实现的角度,$\mathrm{{RS}}$中的$R{L}_{1}{C}_{1}$代表的串联谐振,起到吸波作用;$\mathrm{{RS}}$中的${L}_{2}{C}_{2}$和FSS中的${L}_{3}{C}_{3}$代表并联谐振,在谐振频率处实现透波窗口。因此,$\mathrm{{FSR}}$的等效电路如图1$\mathrm{\;b}$所示, 其中${Z}_{0}= {120\pi \Omega }$,表示端口1和端口2的自由空间阻抗。${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}$${Z}_{\mathrm{C}}$${Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}$分别表示$\mathrm{{RS}}$$\mathrm{{DS}}$$\mathrm{{FSS}}$的等效阻抗。实际上, 在理论分析及初步设计时, 中间的DS通常采用空气或PMI泡沫等高传输介质, 因此可认为${Z}_{C}= {Z}_{0}$
根据传输线理论, 上述二端口网络的ABCD矩阵可以表示为
$\left\lbrack \begin{array}{ll} A & B \\ C & D \end{array}\right\rbrack =\left\lbrack \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\\frac{1}{{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}}& 1 \end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\cos \delta & j{Z}_{0}\sin \delta \\ j\frac{1}{{Z}_{0}}\sin \delta &\cos \delta \end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left\lbrack \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\\frac{1}{{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}& 1 \end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
式中$\delta$表示等效相位,$\delta =\left({{2\pi t}\cos \theta }\right)/\lambda$,其中,$\lambda$为入射波长,$t$$\mathrm{{DC}}$层厚度,$\theta$为入射波在$\mathrm{{DS}}$中的折射角。
可知矩阵中元素$A\text{、}B\text{、}C\text{、}D$
$ A =\cos \delta + j\frac{{Z}_{0}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\sin \delta $
$ B = j{Z}_{0}\sin \delta $
$ C =\frac{{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\cos \delta + j\frac{\sin \delta \cos \delta }{{Z}_{0}\left({1 + 1/{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\right)} $
$ D =\cos \delta + j\frac{{Z}_{0}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}}\sin \delta $
反射系数${S}_{11}$和透射系数${S}_{21}$可表示为
${S}_{11}= \frac{A{Z}_{0}+ B - C{Z}_{0}^{2}- D{Z}_{0}}{A{Z}_{0}+ B + C{Z}_{0}^{2}+ D{Z}_{0}}$
${S}_{21}= \frac{2{Z}_{0}}{A{Z}_{0}+ B + C{Z}_{0}^{2}+ D{Z}_{0}}$
设吸波段中心频率为${f}_{\mathrm{a}}$,则在${f}_{\mathrm{a}}$处二端口网络的透射系数${S}_{21}$与反射系数${S}_{11}$为:$\left|{S}_{11}\right|= 0,\left|{S}_{21}\right|= 0$。在此前提下,将式(2)~(5)分别代入式(6)和式(7), 可得:
${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}= {\sin }^{2}\delta \left({{Z}_{0}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\right)- {Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}{\cos }^{2}\delta - j\left({{Z}_{0}+ 2{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\right)\sin \delta \cos \delta $
$\frac{{Z}_{0}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}^{2}}{\tan \delta }+ j{Z}_{0}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}\left({{Z}_{0}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\right)= 0 $
根据式(9),${Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}$理论上有如下2个解:
${Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}= \left\{\begin{matrix} 0 \\\frac{-{Z}_{0}\left({\tan \delta + j}\right)}{\tan \delta + 1}\end{matrix}\right.$
显然在实际情况中,常规介质的$\operatorname{Re}\left({Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}\right)$不能为负,因此可知${Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}= 0$,这意味着$\mathrm{{FSS}}$在吸波中心频率下应等效于金属。
然后,将式(10)代入式(8)求解${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}$:
${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}= {Z}_{0}{\sin }^{2}\delta - j{Z}_{0}\sin \delta \cos \delta $
其中, 从功能实现的角度分析, 完美吸波的前提条件之一是入射波通过RS后无折射(无插入损耗), 这意味着$\mathrm{{RS}}$与自由空间是阻抗匹配的,即${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}= {Z}_{0}$。由此不难发现:
$\delta =\frac{2\pi }{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{a}}}t\cos \theta =\frac{\pi }{2}$
式中${\lambda }_{\mathrm{a}}$为吸波中心频率处的波长。
根据式(10)和(12), 得到完美吸收条件为: a)$\mathrm{{FSS}}$应在${f}_{\mathrm{a}}$处为完美阻带; b)$\mathrm{{DC}}$层的等效厚度应表示为${t}_{0}= t\cos \theta ={\lambda }_{\mathrm{a}}/4$,即在垂直入射时,可确定$\mathrm{{DC}}$层厚度为1/4吸波中心频率波长。
设透波中心频率为${f}_{\mathrm{t}}$,在${f}_{\mathrm{t}}$处二端口网络的透射系数${S}_{21}$与反射系数${S}_{11}$的关系为:$\left|{S}_{11}\right|= 0,\left|{S}_{21}\right|= 1$,则根据式(6)和式(7), 可得下式:
$\left({{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\right)- j\left({{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}- {Z}_{0}- {Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}\right)= 0 $
$\left({2 +\frac{{Z}_{0}{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}+ {Z}_{0}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}}\right)\cos \theta + j\left({2 +\frac{{Z}_{0}^{2}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}{Z}_{0}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}{Z}_{0}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}}}\right)\sin \theta = 2 $
由式(14)可知${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}\rightarrow \infty$。然后将${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}$${Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}$的表达式用图1中的等效电路参数表示, 如式(15)和(16)所示:
${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}= {R}_{1}+ \frac{1 -{\omega }^{2}{L}_{1}{C}_{1}}{{j\omega }{C}_{1}}+ \frac{{j\omega }{L}_{2}}{1 -{\omega }^{2}{L}_{2}{C}_{2}}$
${Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}= \frac{{j\omega }{L}_{3}}{1 -{\omega }^{2}{L}_{3}{C}_{3}}$
将式(15)和(16)代入式(13),在${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}\rightarrow \infty$的条件下,易知${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}$${Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}$同阶,因此必有${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}\rightarrow \infty ,{Z}_{\mathrm{{FSS}}}$$\rightarrow \infty$。这意味着在透波中心频率${f}_{\mathrm{t}}$处, RS和FSS都应该是透明的。
此外,由吸波条件可知,${Z}_{\mathrm{{RS}}}$的实部应与${Z}_{0}$阻抗匹配,这也就意味着负载电阻${R}_{1}$必然小于${Z}_{0}$,为有限值。而透波时${Z}_{\mathrm{{Rs}}}\rightarrow \infty$,可知${Z}_{\mathrm{{Rs}}}$虚部的绝对值必为无穷大,这意味着在${f}_{\mathrm{t}}$$\mathrm{{RS}}$并联谐振。式(17)为并联谐振时恒成立等式,可知${L}_{2}$的绝对值应该尽可能大,而${C}_{2}$的绝对值应该非常小。
$\frac{1}{{w}_{\mathrm{t}}^{2}}= {L}_{2}{C}_{2}= {L}_{3}{C}_{3}$
综上所示,透波窗口实现条件如下: a)$\mathrm{{RS}}$和FSS在${f}_{\mathrm{t}}$处都应为全透明,即二者均在${f}_{\mathrm{t}}$处产生并联谐振; b)并联谐振结构${L}_{2}{C}_{2}$是实现$\mathrm{{RS}}$透波窗口的核心因素, 且根据式(17)可知, 为提高透波效果, 在设计时应最大化电感${L}_{2}$并最小化电容${C}_{2}$
根据前述分析, RS设计是实现透波窗口的重点, 其关键在于使用具有高电感和低电容的并联$\mathrm{{LC}}$谐振结构。
交指型微带线是一种常用的印制电感, 且带有极小的寄生电容, 是一种非常适合实现透波窗口的并联谐振结构。耶路撒冷十字作为一种串联谐振特性的结构, 是电路模拟吸波体设计中常用的图案之一, 具有良好的角度稳定性与极化稳定性。出于以上考虑, 本文选取交指型结构作为并联谐振结构实现透波窗口, 选取耶路撒冷十字作为串联谐振结构实现吸波与阻抗匹配功能。
RS单元结构如图2所示。交指型结构加载于耶路撒冷十字中心,二者均为金属微带线, 通过印制电路板技术加载于厚度为${0.127}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$的Rogers RT5880板材上。黑色部分为加载集中电阻$R ={150\Omega }$。损耗层结构参数见表1
仿真结果如图3所示,可见该结构在$7\mathrm{{GHz}}$处产生透波窗口。
图4为RS金属结构在低频吸波段、透波段以及高频吸波段的典型频率的表面电流云图, 其中颜色越鲜艳、越深代表电流密度越大。可见, 两个吸波段的电流近似均匀分布, 整个金属结构串联谐振; 在透波段, 电流主要分布于交指型谐振单元上, 表明损耗层在该频点处产生并联谐振。这验证了第1节中关于透波窗口实现原理讨论的正确性。
根据第1节中的分析, FSS应具有在透波段近似透明、在吸波段等效于金属接地面的特性。关于FSS的设计思路和方法已比较完善,有许多文献可参考, 在此不再详细讨论。FSS结构及结构参数分别如图5表2所示。
仿真结果如图6所示, 可见该FSS在频率为$7 \pm 1\mathrm{{GHz}}$时具有0.9以上的高透波系数,可近似视为全透明;在频率为$2 \sim {5.6}\mathrm{{GHz}}$以及${10.1}\sim {18}\mathrm{{GHz}}$时截止能力均大于0.85 ,可视为金属接地面。
将上述设计的RS单元和FSS单元通过DC层进行1:1级联, 即可得到如图7所示的FSR。
设置$\mathrm{{DC}}$层为空气。根据完美吸波条件中波长与$\mathrm{{DC}}$层厚度的关系,首先设置$\mathrm{{DC}}$层厚度为${11}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$以实现低频吸波功能,仿真结果如图8所示。
然后设置$\mathrm{{DC}}$层厚度为$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$以实现高频吸波功能, 仿真结果如图9所示。
上述仿真结果表明, 在DC层厚度确定时, FSR的高性能吸波带在频谱上的相对位置也随之确定。 DC层厚度${11}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$时, FSR低频吸波效果好但高频吸波效果差;$\mathrm{{DC}}$层厚度为$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$时,$\mathrm{{FSR}}$高频吸波效果好但低频吸波效果差。
对于有两个吸波带的MT-FSR而言, 要同时实现低频与高频的高性能吸波, DC的厚度既要等于1/4低频吸波中心频率波长, 又要等于1/4高频吸波中心频率波长, 这显然是矛盾的。受此限制, 当前MT-FSR的工作频谱基本都是窄带,且高频吸波效果均不好。 因此, 如何对MT-FSR进行改进, 使其在保证透波功能的前提下,在宽频带上(如$\mathrm{S}\text{、}\mathrm{C}\text{、}\mathrm{X}$频段)实现低可探测性, 对于FSR的实际应用具有重要意义。
此外,仿真上述FSR在TE波入射时的$S$参数曲线如图10所示。该单极化FSR在全波段均等效于金属表面, 不具备透波窗口, 也不具备低散射特性, 因此,需要对该FSR进行改进,解决其在TE极化下低可探测性差的问题。
从功能实现的角度, 希望具有透波窗口极化选择功能的FSR具有如下特性; a)在TM (或TE)波入射时, 等效于具备吸透一体化功能的频率选择吸波体; b)在TE(或TM)波入射时,等效于具备强吸波功能的电路模拟吸波体(Circuit Analog Absorber, CAA)。
针对上述需求, 本文提出了一种损耗层双边不对称加载的透波窗口极化选择设计方法, 即RS上层为横向加载的并联-串联谐振结构, 与FSS层耦合形成FSR; 下层为纵向加载的串联谐振结构, 与FSS层耦合形成CAA。RS上层及FSS的结构参数均不变, 下层结构示意图及参数分别见图11表3。集成后得到的PFSR单元结构及工作原理见图12
设置$\mathrm{{DC}}$层厚度为${11}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,分别仿真$\mathrm{{TE}}$$\mathrm{{TM}}$波入射时结构的电磁特性, 结果如图13图14所示。
图13可知, 该FSR在TM波入射时, 为FSR模式, 其透波带与吸波带均近似于图8; 由图14可知, 在$\mathrm{{TE}}$波入射时,该$\mathrm{{FSR}}$${6.8}\sim {16.8}\mathrm{{GHz}}$宽带位置吸波。上述结果表明, 改进后的透波窗口具有良好的极化选择性。
针对低频吸波带与高频吸波带对应DC层厚度不一致的矛盾, 本文提出了一种基于混合式损耗层的吸波带拓展方法, 即采用具有相同透波带的双层损耗层设计,其中,第1个$\mathrm{{DC}}$的空气层厚度为${4.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,第2个为${6.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。在TM波入射下,结构及工作原理如图15所示, 此时该结构处于FSR模式, 仿真结果见图16。其中,${6.8}\sim {7.8}\mathrm{{GHz}}$为高透波频段,${2.2}\sim {5.7}\mathrm{{GHz}}$${8.8}\sim {18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$${90}\%$高吸波频段,${2.2}\sim {18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$为低散射频段,$\mathrm{S}\text{、}\mathrm{C}\text{、}\mathrm{X}$频段反射系数均值仅为$-{15.0}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$。上述结果表明,在$\mathrm{{TM}}$波入射下,该PFSR能够在确保良好透波的同时实现近乎整个$\mathrm{S}$$\mathrm{C}$$\mathrm{X}$频段的低可探测性。
在TE波入射下, 所设计结构及工作原理如图17所示, 此时该结构处于电路模拟吸波体(CAA)模式。仿真结果见图18,其中,3.2~14.9 GHz为${90}\%$高吸波频段,${3.2}\sim {18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$为低散射频段,$\mathrm{S}$$\mathrm{C}$$\mathrm{X}$频段反射系数均值仅为$-{14.0}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$。上述结果表明,在$\mathrm{{TE}}$波入射下, 该PFSR具有宽带高吸波功能, 能够实现整个$\mathrm{S}\text{、}\mathrm{C}\text{、}\mathrm{X}$频段的低可探测性。
本文介绍了一种混合式极化-频率选择吸波体, 在TM波入射时具有${6.8}\sim {7.8}\mathrm{{GHz}}$频段透波、${2.2}\sim$${18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$频段低散射的吸透一体化功能,在$\mathrm{{TE}}$波入射时具有${3.2}\sim {18.0}\mathrm{{GHz}}$频段低散射的吸波功能。主要结论如下:
a)提出了损耗层双边不对称加载设计, 实现了透波窗口的极化选择功能;
b)采用损耗层混合式设计, 解决了宽频带吸透波兼容难的问题。
该结构对于解决卫星等飞行器通信平台的宽频带低可探测性难题具有重要意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金(61890540)
参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第48卷第1期
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250113
  • 接收时间:2024-11-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20
  • 修回日期:2025-01-13
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    北京航天长征飞行器研究所,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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