Article(id=1154065255652123102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148011752937218501, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250206, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718035200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-11, revisedDate=1743868800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753080198442, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753080198442, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753080198442, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753080198442, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148011752937218501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2025', volume='48', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751636930927, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754905338909, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161720449667785615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148011752937218501, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161720449667785616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148011752937218501, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154065256063164895, articleId=1154065255652123102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Parameterized Simulation Optimization on Gas-oxygen/gas-methane Pintle Injector, columnId=1154057566893105509, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Propulsion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigates the combustion performance of gas-oxygen and gas-methane pintle injectors, which discusses the influence of pintle injector structure design parameters and thrust chamber combustion design parameters on the combustion performance. Theoretical analysis is carried out by numerical simulation and other methods. The simulation results show that the oxidizer central pintle injector has a higher combustion performance. A larger angle of the pintle head and a smaller distance of the intermediate sleeve have a higher combustion performance. A smaller pintle head radius can significantly play a role in cooling the pintle head, but there is a certain loss of combustion performance. When the speed ratio is about 1.1, the combustion performance is higher, and the temperature of the pintle head is lower. When the mixing ratio of oxygen and methane is around 3, the combustion performance is higher.

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为研究气氧/气甲烷针栓式喷注器的燃烧性能,并讨论针栓式喷注器结构设计参数及推力室燃烧设计参数对燃烧性能的影响规律,采用数值仿真等方法进行理论分析。仿真结果表明:氧化剂中心式针栓式喷注器的燃烧性能更高;较大针栓头部角度和较小中间套筒距离下燃烧性能更高;较小针栓头部半径可以明显起到冷却针栓头部的作用,但燃烧性能有一定损失;速度比在1.1左右时,燃烧性能较高,且针栓头部温度较低;氧气和甲烷的混合比在3左右时,燃烧性能较高。

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郁焕礼(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为航天地面设备。

唐潮儿(2001-),女,助理工程师,主要研究方向为液体发动机试验。

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郁焕礼(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为航天地面设备。

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郁焕礼(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为航天地面设备。

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唐潮儿(2001-),女,助理工程师,主要研究方向为液体发动机试验。

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唐潮儿(2001-),女,助理工程师,主要研究方向为液体发动机试验。

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Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018,33(10): 2483-2491., articleTitle=Experiment on coaxial shear injector of GO2/GCH4 based on PLIF, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197261107116163194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197261107124551803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, companyId=1197261107116163194, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology,Beijing,100074), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197261107137134716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, companyId=1197261107116163194, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航天试验技术研究所,北京,100074)]), 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caption=Comparison of temperature distribution at the head of the fuel center and oxidant center pintle, figureFileSmall=4OEQF9wm1Ftsq1Z4jQPTzQ==, figureFileBig=2X0DfwACGQBcuulHdgOVpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261109439807650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图6, caption=燃料中心式和氧化剂中心式针栓头部温度分布对比, figureFileSmall=4OEQF9wm1Ftsq1Z4jQPTzQ==, figureFileBig=2X0DfwACGQBcuulHdgOVpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261109490139299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of combustion chamber shrinkage ratio on thrust chamber, figureFileSmall=6+1xxpwDMcG0u+DbnO01NA==, figureFileBig=O9RfCzx5cIXqm/xuZad2gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261109569831076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图7, caption=燃烧室收缩比变化对推力室影响, 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figureFileSmall=IVZp7L60renZdrJmJlzkCg==, figureFileBig=dLMAt2f3lLrt/dDKFrZv3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261109821489320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图9, caption=针栓头部角度变化对针栓头部温度分布的影响, figureFileSmall=IVZp7L60renZdrJmJlzkCg==, figureFileBig=dLMAt2f3lLrt/dDKFrZv3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261109888598185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Two-dimensional configurations of pintle injectors with different intermediate sleeve distances, figureFileSmall=d1GJYkSLRVvgVV3uSz6mzA==, figureFileBig=MDpsPRKbjsgFfPhyQZBJcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261109947318442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同中间套筒距离针栓式喷注器二维构型, figureFileSmall=d1GJYkSLRVvgVV3uSz6mzA==, figureFileBig=MDpsPRKbjsgFfPhyQZBJcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261110022815915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Effect of the intermediate sleeve distance change on the temperature distribution of the pintle head, figureFileSmall=i46Z0an+oVOD1qq3Z1NfCg==, figureFileBig=bx9RFT+xTpd8hblu+FMQrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261110085730476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图11, caption=中间套筒距离变化对针栓头部温度分布影响, figureFileSmall=i46Z0an+oVOD1qq3Z1NfCg==, figureFileBig=bx9RFT+xTpd8hblu+FMQrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261110144450733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Effect of the speed ratio change on the temperature distribution of the pintle head, figureFileSmall=QlkfuTPM12TBkIBsVpUO+w==, figureFileBig=n0oRpjDOer6EFh/FVg4igw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261110203170990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图12, caption=速度比变化对针栓头部温度分布影响, figureFileSmall=QlkfuTPM12TBkIBsVpUO+w==, figureFileBig=n0oRpjDOer6EFh/FVg4igw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261110257696943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Effect of the mixing ratio change on the temperature distribution of the pintle head, figureFileSmall=FPUHVIgdDiCSJ71JL4ZHbQ==, figureFileBig=sWWLJBZe7UzhetYHoqUH1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261110337388720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图13, caption=混合比变化对针栓头部温度分布影响, figureFileSmall=FPUHVIgdDiCSJ71JL4ZHbQ==, figureFileBig=sWWLJBZe7UzhetYHoqUH1g==, tableContent=null), 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261110576464052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同针栓头部改进设计对推力室内, figureFileSmall=mFIzos7Gr8y8UCepgfBM/A==, figureFileBig=99RtSsuNlhOXOaNX4NZN9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261111637622965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Effect of different pintle head improvement designs on the temperature field distribution in the thrust chamber, figureFileSmall=hTAHTP7LftEZfHy/aubr7w==, figureFileBig=69rdfg6kEhpnYFv2YkOl0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261111708926135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图16, caption=不同针栓头部改进设计对推力室, figureFileSmall=hTAHTP7LftEZfHy/aubr7w==, figureFileBig=69rdfg6kEhpnYFv2YkOl0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261111780229304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 17, caption=Effect of different pintle head improvement designs on the methane distribution in the thrust chamber, figureFileSmall=LFi7QrrjMtjTFkA7kGWC9Q==, figureFileBig=eFknnCtLh7XkuewIsFBKAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261111851532473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图17, caption=不同针栓头部改进设计对推力室内甲烷分布影响, figureFileSmall=LFi7QrrjMtjTFkA7kGWC9Q==, figureFileBig=eFknnCtLh7XkuewIsFBKAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261111914447034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Fig. 18, caption=Effect of different round head designs on the pintle head temperature distribution, figureFileSmall=g1WP7gMryk9PAb/aP21KOg==, figureFileBig=vXdGulOkiV16QnvuYGbKvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261112006721723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=图18, caption=不同圆头设计对针栓头部温度分布影响, figureFileSmall=g1WP7gMryk9PAb/aP21KOg==, figureFileBig=vXdGulOkiV16QnvuYGbKvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197261112073830588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=The design parameters of pintle injectors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
氧喷注压降/%5
速度比1.1
喷注总流量$/\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$30
混合比3.5
燃烧室压力/MPa0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112149328062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表1, caption=针栓式喷注器设计参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
氧喷注压降/%5
速度比1.1
喷注总流量$/\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$30
混合比3.5
燃烧室压力/MPa0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112216436927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=The structural parameters of the fuel central pintle injector, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号
外部直径/mm${D}_{\text{ob }}$17.94
内部直径/mm${D}_{\text{ib }}$16
针柱直径/mm${D}_{\text{pr }}$2.4
中间间隙直径/mm${D}_{\mathrm{{cg}}}$10
中间套筒直径/mm${D}_{\mathrm{{cp}}}$14
中间套筒距离/mm${L}_{\mathrm{{cp}}}$5
针栓头部直径/mm${D}_{\text{pt }}$16
针栓头部角度/(°)${\theta }_{\text{pt }}$20
针栓头部厚度/mm${t}_{\mathrm{{pe}}}$1
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参数符号
外部直径/mm${D}_{\text{ob }}$17.94
内部直径/mm${D}_{\text{ib }}$16
针柱直径/mm${D}_{\text{pr }}$2.4
中间间隙直径/mm${D}_{\mathrm{{cg}}}$10
中间套筒直径/mm${D}_{\mathrm{{cp}}}$14
中间套筒距离/mm${L}_{\mathrm{{cp}}}$5
针栓头部直径/mm${D}_{\text{pt }}$16
针栓头部角度/(°)${\theta }_{\text{pt }}$20
针栓头部厚度/mm${t}_{\mathrm{{pe}}}$1
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112354848961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=The comparison of simulated combustion chamber pressures with different grid numbers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网格数量/个仿真燃烧室压力/MPa偏差/%
11 4820.483 654-0.28
19 3490.483 405-0.33
33 4350.485 013-
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网格数量/个仿真燃烧室压力/MPa偏差/%
11 4820.483 654-0.28
19 3490.483 405-0.33
33 4350.485 013-
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112489066691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=The working parameters of pintle injectors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
介质质量流量$/\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$温度/K喷注速度$/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$
氧气23.330086.91
甲烷6.730095.60
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112585535684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表4, caption=针栓式喷注器工作参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
介质质量流量$/\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$温度/K喷注速度$/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$
氧气23.330086.91
甲烷6.730095.60
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112656838853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=The dimensions of the combustion chamber at different shrinkage ratios, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
燃烧室收缩比${\varepsilon }_{c}$燃烧室直径/mm燃烧室圆筒段长度/mm
629283
1241127
164786
205360
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112744919238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表5, caption=不同燃烧室收缩比下燃烧室尺寸, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
燃烧室收缩比${\varepsilon }_{c}$燃烧室直径/mm燃烧室圆筒段长度/mm
629283
1241127
164786
205360
), ArticleFig(id=1197261112824611015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=Effect of combustion chamber shrinkage ratio variation on the combustion performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
燃烧室收缩比仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
60.483 40596.68
120.491 89798.38
160.498 39799.68
200.501 607100.32
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113021743304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表6, caption=燃烧室收缩比变化对燃烧性能影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
燃烧室收缩比仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
60.483 40596.68
120.491 89798.38
160.498 39799.68
200.501 607100.32
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113084657865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=The dimensions of structural parameters of pintle injectors with different pintle head angles, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
针栓头部角度/(°)开口距离/mm甲烷喷注面积$/{\mathrm{{mm}}}^{2}$
00.8626.98
200.9426.98
301.0426.98
401.1926.98
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113143378122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表7, caption=不同针栓头部角度针栓式喷注器结构参数尺寸, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
针栓头部角度/(°)开口距离/mm甲烷喷注面积$/{\mathrm{{mm}}}^{2}$
00.8626.98
200.9426.98
301.0426.98
401.1926.98
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113197904075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=Effect of the pintle head angle change on the combustion performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
针栓头部角度/(°)仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
00.501 066100.21
200.495 01199.00
300.490 96498.19
400.487 59897.52
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113252430028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表8, caption=针栓头部角度变化对燃烧性能的影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
针栓头部角度/(°)仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
00.501 066100.21
200.495 01199.00
300.490 96498.19
400.487 59897.52
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113315344589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 9, caption=The dimensions of structural parameters of pintle injectors with different intermediate sleeve distances, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中间套筒距离/mm针栓头部角度/(°)开口距离/mm
0200.94
1200.94
5200.94
10200.94
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113382453454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表9, caption=不同中间套筒距离针栓式喷注器结构参数尺寸, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中间套筒距离/mm针栓头部角度/(°)开口距离/mm
0200.94
1200.94
5200.94
10200.94
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113453756623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 10, caption=Effect of the intermediate sleeve distance change on the combustion performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中间套筒距离/mm仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
00.509 363101.87
10.492 01898.40
50.495 01199.00
100.486 39397.28
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113516671184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表10, caption=中间套筒距离变化对燃烧性能影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中间套筒距离/mm仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
00.509 363101.87
10.492 01898.40
50.495 01199.00
100.486 39397.28
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113667666129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 11, caption=The parameters of pintle injectors with different speed ratios, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
速度比$n$甲烷喷注速度/( $\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$)氧气喷注速度/$\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$开口距离/mm
0.543.586.92.17
1.169.586.90.94
2.6226.086.90.38
4.6399.886.90.19
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113743163602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表11, caption=不同速度比下针栓式喷注器参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
速度比$n$甲烷喷注速度/( $\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$)氧气喷注速度/$\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$开口距离/mm
0.543.586.92.17
1.169.586.90.94
2.6226.086.90.38
4.6399.886.90.19
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113835438291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 12, caption=Effect of velocity ratio change on combustion performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
速度比仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
0.50.483 32296.66
1.10.495 01199.00
2.60.493 10198.62
4.60.486 63297.33
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113902547156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表12, caption=速度比变化对燃烧性能影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
速度比仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
0.50.483 32296.66
1.10.495 01199.00
2.60.493 10198.62
4.60.486 63297.33
), ArticleFig(id=1197261113969656021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 13, caption=The parameters of pintle injectors with different mixing ratios, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混合比${r}_{\mathrm{m}}$甲烷质量流量/$\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$氧气质量流量/$\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$开口距离/ mm外部直径 /mm
210201.4417.67
37.522.51.0617.87
3.56.723.30.9417.94
46240.8517.99
), ArticleFig(id=1197261114066125014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表13, caption=不同混合比下针栓式喷注器参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混合比${r}_{\mathrm{m}}$甲烷质量流量/$\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$氧气质量流量/$\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$开口距离/ mm外部直径 /mm
210201.4417.67
37.522.51.0617.87
3.56.723.30.9417.94
46240.8517.99
), ArticleFig(id=1197261114124845271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 14, caption=Effect of mixing ratio variation on the combustion performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混合比燃烧室仿真压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
20.495 11999.02
30.502 015100.40
3.50.495 01199.00
40.485 95397.19
), ArticleFig(id=1197261114208731352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表14, caption=混合比变化对燃烧性能的影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混合比燃烧室仿真压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
20.495 11999.02
30.502 015100.40
3.50.495 01199.00
40.485 95397.19
), ArticleFig(id=1197261114284228825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 15, caption=The specific dimensions for different pintle head design methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案针栓头部半径/ mm圆头半径/mm针栓头部角度/(°)
18-20
27-20
381020
488.520
583020
681520
771020
873020
), ArticleFig(id=1197261114355531994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表15, caption=不同针栓头部设计方式的具体尺寸, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案针栓头部半径/ mm圆头半径/mm针栓头部角度/(°)
18-20
27-20
381020
488.520
583020
681520
771020
873020
), ArticleFig(id=1197261114435223771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=EN, label=Tab. 16, caption=Effect of different pintle head design methods on the combustion performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案针栓头部半径/mm圆头半径/ mm仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
18-0.495 01199.00
27-0.483 38096.68
38100.494 66398.93
488.50.495 74399.15
58300.494 46898.89
68150.495 46298.89
77100.485 17197.03
87300.482 89896.58
), ArticleFig(id=1197261114531692764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065255652123102, language=CN, label=表16, caption=不同针栓头部设计方式对燃烧性能影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案针栓头部半径/mm圆头半径/ mm仿真燃烧室压力/MPa燃烧效率/%
18-0.495 01199.00
27-0.483 38096.68
38100.494 66398.93
488.50.495 74399.15
58300.494 46898.89
68150.495 46298.89
77100.485 17197.03
87300.482 89896.58
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气氧/气甲烷针栓式喷注器参数化仿真优化
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郁焕礼 1 , 唐潮儿 2
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 动力系统 2025,48(2): 44-54
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 动力系统 2025, 48(2): 44-54
气氧/气甲烷针栓式喷注器参数化仿真优化
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郁焕礼1, 唐潮儿2
作者信息
  • 1北京航天试验技术研究所,北京,100074
  • 2北京航天动力研究所,北京,100076
  • 郁焕礼(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为航天地面设备。

    唐潮儿(2001-),女,助理工程师,主要研究方向为液体发动机试验。

Parameterized Simulation Optimization on Gas-oxygen/gas-methane Pintle Injector
Huanli YU1, Chaoer TANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology,Beijing,100074
  • 2Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250206
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为研究气氧/气甲烷针栓式喷注器的燃烧性能,并讨论针栓式喷注器结构设计参数及推力室燃烧设计参数对燃烧性能的影响规律,采用数值仿真等方法进行理论分析。仿真结果表明:氧化剂中心式针栓式喷注器的燃烧性能更高;较大针栓头部角度和较小中间套筒距离下燃烧性能更高;较小针栓头部半径可以明显起到冷却针栓头部的作用,但燃烧性能有一定损失;速度比在1.1左右时,燃烧性能较高,且针栓头部温度较低;氧气和甲烷的混合比在3左右时,燃烧性能较高。

变推力发动机  /  数值仿真  /  针栓式喷注器  /  气气燃烧  /  气氧/气甲烷

This study investigates the combustion performance of gas-oxygen and gas-methane pintle injectors, which discusses the influence of pintle injector structure design parameters and thrust chamber combustion design parameters on the combustion performance. Theoretical analysis is carried out by numerical simulation and other methods. The simulation results show that the oxidizer central pintle injector has a higher combustion performance. A larger angle of the pintle head and a smaller distance of the intermediate sleeve have a higher combustion performance. A smaller pintle head radius can significantly play a role in cooling the pintle head, but there is a certain loss of combustion performance. When the speed ratio is about 1.1, the combustion performance is higher, and the temperature of the pintle head is lower. When the mixing ratio of oxygen and methane is around 3, the combustion performance is higher.

variable thrust engine  /  numerical simulation  /  pintle injector  /  gas-gas combustion  /  gas-oxygen/gas-methane
郁焕礼, 唐潮儿. 气氧/气甲烷针栓式喷注器参数化仿真优化. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (2) : 44 -54 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250206
Huanli YU, Chaoer TANG. Parameterized Simulation Optimization on Gas-oxygen/gas-methane Pintle Injector[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (2) : 44 -54 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250206
在众多航天推进装置中, 变推力液体火箭发动机具有诸多优点[1]。20世纪50年代以来,美国最先开始了针栓式喷注器方面的研究, 其在进行地面试验或实际飞行任务中,从未出现过燃烧不稳定现象[2]。20世纪60年代,阿波罗登月舱下降发动机采用了变推力液体火箭发动机, 通过作动器带动机械杠杆, 同时进行喷注器喷注面积和流量调节器流通面积的调节, 实现了大范围的推力调节, 成功完成了多次阿波罗飞行任务[3-4]。1995年美国又研制了世界上最大的针栓发动机TR-106, 推力达到了290吨级[5]。1996年美国TRW公司研制了先进远地点液体火箭发动机Liquid Apogee Engine[2],其针栓式喷注器具有很强的灵活性和大范围变工况调节能力, 得到广泛的应用[6]。中国航天事业的迅速发展,需要多种推力调节形式和不同推力范围的变推力发动机[7-8]
变推力液体火箭发动机典型的技术突破是使用针栓式喷注器。针栓式喷注器具有高效的燃烧组织性能、良好的工况和推进剂组合的适应性等特点[9]。 Son等[10-11]用中心控制的针栓式喷注器进行了两次喷雾试验, 以解释其在各种注射条件下的喷雾特性。然而, 目前在针栓式喷注器结构参数设计方面的研究较少[12],基于此,本文对气氧/气甲烷针栓式喷注器结构参数变化及燃烧设计参数改变对针栓式变推力发动机燃烧性能的影响进行了研究。
本文在Son等[13-14]的针栓式喷注器设计理论基础上, 通过仿真等方法研究了针栓式喷注器的燃烧性能, 并分析了针栓式喷注器结构及推力室燃烧设计参数对燃烧性能的影响, 为针栓式变推力发动机设计提供参考。
本节基于Son等[13-14]总结的针栓式喷注器设计经验, 开展气氧/气甲烷针栓式喷注器参数分析。基于已有同轴剪切气气喷射设计经验[15],氧化剂中心式喷嘴在壁面热防护方面具有突出优势, 但由于针栓式喷注器和同轴剪切式喷注器在构型上存在差别, 所以氧化剂中心式的优势不一定也适用于针栓式喷注器。 基于此, 本研究将针对燃料中心式与氧化剂中心式开展对比研究。其中, 所选针栓式喷注器固有参数如表1所示。
燃料中心式针栓式喷注器的三维和剖面示意如图1所示, 其结构参数由表2给出。
燃料中心式针栓式喷注器模型初始过渡开口距离${L}_{\text{open }}$${2.75}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,其所对应的甲烷流通面积为${74.02}{\mathrm{\;{mm}}}^{2}$。设计完成后的带有燃料中心式针栓式喷注器的推力室构型及尺寸如图2所示。另外, 除外部直径尺寸外, 氧化剂中心式的其他喷注器结构参数和燃料中心式一致, 见表2
由于喷嘴和燃烧室为轴对称结构, 采用二维模型开展仿真计算能极大节省计算资源。湍流模型采用标准$k -\varepsilon$双方程模型来计算针栓式燃烧室燃烧,该模型已广泛应用于各种工程流动燃烧场景[16]。燃烧模型采用非预混燃烧模型[17],该模型适用于快速化学反应, 满足本次研究场景及准确性要求。
仿真计算中,针栓式喷注器入口按流量边界条件给出。壁面采用绝热无滑移条件, 中心轴为轴对称边界条件。其中, 入口速度方向设定为垂直入口边界, 入口温度为${300}\mathrm{\;K}$。推力室出口按压力边界条件给出, 出口压力设为大气压,即${101325}\mathrm{\;{Pa}}$
为了验证网格的无关性, 选取3种不同数量的网格进行模拟计算,网格数量分别为11482、19349和33 435。图3为某燃料中心式针栓式喷注器模型的数值仿真网格。以网格数量为33 435的仿真结果为标准, 网格数量为11482和19349的仿真结果的相对偏差见表3。由表3可以得出不同网格数量下的仿真燃烧室压力相差不大, 为节省计算资源, 本文选取数量为19000左右的网格进行仿真计算。
仿真计算采用Fluent计算平台,获得了燃料中心式和氧化剂中心式针栓式喷注器的燃烧流场分布。针栓式喷注器的工作参数如表4所示。
图4为燃料中心式和氧化剂中心式推力室对比,由图4a可见, 在氧化剂中心式情况下, 剪切燃烧层的厚度沿轴向迅速增加,且$\mathrm{{OH}}$分布量较多,几乎充满燃烧室后半部分。但是由于$\mathrm{{OH}}$分布范围更加靠近针栓头部,会导致针栓头部附近的燃气温度升高。由图4b可见,氧化剂中心式情况下,由于$\mathrm{{OH}}$分布量较多, 推力室内整体水组分分布量也比较多。由图4c可见, 在氧化剂中心式情况下, 燃烧火焰长度明显较短, 但由于燃烧集中反应区较为接近针栓头部, 导致针栓头部附近燃气温度偏高。由图4d可见,在燃料中心式情况下,外侧喷注的氧气沿轴向贴近整个燃烧室圆筒段壁面分布, 可以起到冷却燃烧室圆筒段壁面的作用。而在氧化剂中心式下, 外侧喷注的甲烷在很短的燃烧室长度内即被消耗完, 冷却作用较小。
图5为推力室头部流线图对比, 在推力室头部, 存在两个明显的回流区, 分别位于喷注面板和针栓头部附近,位于喷注面板附近的小回流区为逆时针回流, 位于针栓头部附近的大回流区为顺时针回流。在回流区, 高温燃气回流加热未充分燃烧的可燃混合气,使得燃烧反应进行得更充分。
图6给出了燃料中心式和氧化剂中心式针栓头部壁面温度分布对比。横坐标$y$指的是离针栓头部圆心径向距离大小。由于采用绝热壁面条件, 其头部壁面温度与燃气温度一致,导致其热流密度将为零,本研究不予讨论。由图6可见, 氧化剂中心式针栓头部温度比燃料中心式高${1200}\mathrm{\;K}$左右。
尽管氧化剂中心式燃烧反应进行得更快速, 但其针栓头部温度过高, 严重限制了氧化剂中心式方案的选取, 同时, 相较于燃料中心式方案, 氧化剂中心式针栓式喷注器头部温度过高的影响也将大于周围氧化剂氛围对壁面材料可能造成的风险。因此, 本文建议选取燃料中心式进行针栓式喷注器方面的研究, 后续将分别从燃烧室(收缩比)、喷嘴结构参数(针栓头部角度、中间套筒距离、速度比、混合比)、喷嘴头部优化设计等方面开展参数影响规律研究。
大燃烧室收缩比设计能更好地适应针栓式喷注器径向喷注形式[18]。本节在同一喷注条件下,选取了4个不同的燃烧室收缩比。其中, 针栓式喷注器部分采用上一节的燃料中心式模型。表5列出了不同燃烧室收缩比下的燃烧室尺寸。
图7给出了不同燃烧室收缩比下推力室内$\mathrm{{OH}}$分布、水组分分布、温度场分布和甲烷分布。由图7a可见,随着燃烧室收缩比增加,同一$x$位置上的剪切燃烧层厚度增加, 表明甲烷和氧气掺混燃烧效果增强, 同时,$\mathrm{{OH}}$分布范围越来越靠近针栓头部,但会导致针栓头部温度升高。由图7b可见,随着燃烧室收缩比增加,水组分分布范围更靠近针栓头部,并且喷注面板附近水组分增多,表明燃烧反应进行得更充分。 由图7c可见,随着燃烧室收缩比增加,燃烧火焰长度变短, 掺混燃烧效果增强。同时由于集中燃烧反应区更靠近针栓头部, 针栓头部温度逐渐升高, 还可以看到由于喷注面板附近水组分增多, 燃烧反应完成程度提高,喷注面板附近区域温度升高。由图7d可见,随着燃烧室收缩比增加, 甲烷在更短的燃烧室长度内即被消耗完, 燃烧性能提升, 但小收缩比下, 针栓头部附近甲烷分布量多,可以起到冷却针栓头部的作用。
为了评估推力室内能量转化过程中损失的大小, 采用燃烧效率大小进行评估, 它是指实际特征速度与理论特征速度的比值[19],即:
${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}= \frac{{c}_{\mathrm{{ex}}}^{* }}{{c}_{\mathrm{{th}}}^{* }}= \frac{{P}_{\mathrm{c}}{A}_{\mathrm{t}}}{{q}_{\mathrm{m}}{c}_{\mathrm{{th}}}^{* }}$
式中${c}_{\mathrm{{ex}}}^{* },{c}_{\mathrm{{th}}}^{* }$分别为实际特征速度和理论特征速度;${P}_{\mathrm{c}}$,${A}_{\mathrm{t}}$,${q}_{\mathrm{m}}$分别为实际燃烧室压力、推力室喉部面积和推进剂总流量。利用燃烧效率公式(1), 结合仿真手段可知, 数值仿真结果中燃烧室压力相较燃烧室理论压力(0.5MPa)比值为最终燃烧效率数值大小, 其中燃烧室理论性能参数采用化学平衡分析程序CEA进行评估。
表6列出了燃烧室收缩比变化对仿真燃烧室压力和燃烧效率的影响。从表6中可以看出, 随着燃烧室收缩比增加, 仿真燃烧室压力更接近目标燃烧室压力${0.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,且燃烧效率更高,燃烧性能更好。燃烧室收缩比增加到16和20时, 燃烧效率几乎达到100%。 当收缩比为20时, 燃烧效率超过100% 的主要原因为CEA理论值在计算过程中与实际仿真值存在偏差, 其结果不影响仿真规律性结论。
综上可知收缩比为16时, 其燃烧效率达到极高水平, 后续研究将选取上一节燃烧室收缩比为16的燃料中心式针栓式喷注器作为基础模型进行研究, 此处选取了4个不同针栓头部角度开展角度对燃烧性能影响研究, 它们各自的针栓式喷注器二维构型如图8所示, 具体结构参数尺寸如表7所示。
图9表8分别给出了针栓头部角度变化对针栓头部温度分布和燃烧性能的影响。由图9可见, 较小针栓头部角度下, 由于燃烧集中反应区更靠近针栓头部, 针栓头部温度偏高。在所选取的针栓角度变化范围内, 可以看到针栓头部温度变化范围在${300}\mathrm{\;K}$以内。
表8针栓头部角度变化对燃烧性能的影响可见, 较小针栓头部角度下, 仿真燃烧室压力较接近目标燃烧室压力${0.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,且燃烧效率接近${100}\%$,随着针栓头部角度增加, 仿真燃烧室压力和燃烧效率都有所下降, 燃烧性能逐渐降低。这是因为当针栓头部角度为${0}^{\circ }$时,轴向喷注的氧气和径向喷注的甲烷呈${90}^{\circ }$撞击混合,仿真结果表明此时的燃烧效果最佳,随着针栓头部角度变大,两种推进剂的喷射流呈较小锐角撞击混合,较接近互相平行状态,甲烷和氧气掺混效果下降, 燃烧性能降低。
综合上述分析, 较小的针栓头部角度下, 燃烧效率较高, 燃烧性能较好, 但针栓头部温度会相应地升高,同时针栓的有效移动距离减小。较大针栓头部角度可以使得针栓的有效移动距离增加, 针栓头部温度相对较低, 但燃烧性能有一定损失。
中间套筒距离是外侧环形液膜到达径向射流之前经过的距离。本节选取了4个不同的中间套筒距离,图10为不同中间套筒距离${L}_{\mathrm{{cp}}}$的针栓式喷注器二维构型, 具体结构参数如表9所列。
图11给出了不同中间套筒距离条件下针栓头部温度分布。由图11可见, 中间套筒距离较小时, 燃烧集中反应区较为靠近针栓头部, 使得针栓头部温度较高。当中间套筒距离为$1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$时,针栓头部附近燃气温度相差${1200}\mathrm{\;K}$左右,虽然较小的中间套筒距离下燃烧性能较高, 但针栓头部的热载环境会变得十分恶劣。
表10给出了中间套筒距离变化对燃烧性能的影响。由表10可见, 大体趋势上, 较小中间套筒距离下,仿真燃烧室压力更接近目标燃烧室压力${0.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$, 且燃烧效率更高, 燃烧性能较好, 但中间套筒距离为$1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$时的燃烧效率比$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$略低,表明不是中间套筒距离越小, 整体燃烧性能越好。
综合上述分析, 较小的中间套筒距离下, 燃烧效率较高, 燃烧性能较好。并且在中间套筒距离较小的情况下,燃烧反应区更靠近针栓头部,导致针栓头部温度升高, 热载增加。
基于针栓头部角度${20}^{\circ }$、套筒距离$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,开展速度比对燃烧过程影响研究。速度比是甲烷和氧气喷注速度之比, 氧气喷注速度保持不变, 改变速度比, 甲烷喷注速度会改变。本节选取了不同的速度比, 具体针栓式喷注器参数如表11所示。
图12表12分别给出了速度比变化对针栓头部温度分布和燃烧性能的影响。当速度比增加到4.6时,$\mathrm{{OH}}$和水组分的分布更靠近针栓头部,即燃烧集中反应区更靠近针栓头部,导致针栓头部温度偏高。由表12可见, 速度比在1.1左右时, 仿真燃烧室压力更接近目标燃烧室压力${0.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,且燃烧效率较高,燃烧性能较好。
综合上述分析, 速度比在1.1左右时, 燃烧效率较高,燃烧性能较好,同时针栓头部附近燃气温度较低;速度比为4.6时,燃烧集中反应区更靠近推力室头部, 导致针栓头部温度明显升高, 主要原因在于动量比的增大带来氧化剂与燃料掺混效率的提升,加快了燃烧过程, 这样将导致燃烧集中反应区更靠近针栓头部, 导致针栓头部温度偏高。因此推荐在1.1左右的范围内选取速度比。
基于针栓头部角度${20}^{\circ }$、套筒距离$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$、速度比1.1、氧喷注压降5%,开展混合比对燃烧过程影响研究, 其中气氧喷嘴内部直径保持不变, 通过改变外部直径实现流量变化。混合比是氧气和甲烷的质量流量之比, 化学当量混合比为4 。本节选取了4个不同的混合比,表13列出了不同混合比下推进剂质量流量。
图13为混合比变化对针栓头部温度分布的影响。 随着混合比增加, 燃烧集中反应区更靠近针栓头部, 导致针栓头部附近区域燃烧温度升高。在所选的混合比范围内,针栓头部温度相差${400}\mathrm{\;K}$以内。
混合比变化对燃烧性能的影响见表14,混合比在3左右时, 仿真燃烧室压力较接近目标燃烧室压力${0.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,且燃烧效率较高,燃烧性能较好。当混合比为化学当量混合比4时, 仿真燃烧室压力和燃烧效率较低, 燃烧性能较差, 因此, 可以看出化学当量混合比并不是最佳混合比。
综合上述分析, 混合比较高时, 针栓头部燃气温度较高,主要原因在于氧燃混合比提升,其介质间理论混合温度提升,导致其反应区在针栓头部回流区聚集温度亦得到提升。同时发现化学当量混合比并不是最佳性能混合比, 当混合比在3左右时, 燃烧性能更高,燃烧效率接近100%。
由上述分析可知, 在燃烧性能较高时, 燃烧集中反应区会更靠近针栓头部,导致针栓头部附近燃气温度升高。本节通过对针栓头部进行改进设计, 试图达到降低针栓头部温度的目标。针栓头部的改进设计方式如图14所示, 具体尺寸如表15所示。
图15给出了不同针栓头部设计方式下推力室内水组分分布。在方案2、 7和8情况下,即针栓头部半径减小时, 在燃烧室中心轴线处, 水组分范围明显后移, 即集中燃烧反应区后移, 更加远离针栓头部, 可以使得针栓头部和喷注面板附近区域燃气温度降低, 但推力室内水组分分布量减少, 燃烧反应完成程度降低, 燃烧性能有一定损失。
图16为不同针栓头部设计方式下推力室内温度场分布。由图16可见,在方案2、 7和8情况下, 即针栓头部直径减小时, 由于燃烧集中反应区后移, 高温区更加远离针栓头部,针栓头部附近燃气温度下降, 但是, 燃烧火焰长度明显增加, 低速区稳定火焰的能力下降, 使得混合燃气停留在低速区进行充分燃烧的效果降低,反应完成程度降低,燃烧性能下降。
不同针栓头部改进设计对推力室内甲烷分布影响见图17,在方案2、 7和8情况下,即针栓头部直径减小时, 针栓附近甲烷分布量增加, 可以起到冷却针栓头部的作用, 但是甲烷需要在更长的燃烧室长度内才能被消耗完, 燃烧效果降低, 燃烧性能下降。
不同圆头设计对针栓头部温度分布影响见图18, 由图18可见, 方案3的针栓头部温度分布与未进行针栓头部改进设计的方案1相当; 方案4的针栓头部温度略高于方案1 , 即没有起到冷却针栓头部的作用; 方案5和6的针栓头部温度略低于方案1 ,对针栓头部的冷却作用较小;方案2、 7和8由于燃烧集中反应区更远离针栓头部,针栓头部温度明显低于方案1约${300}\mathrm{\;K}$
表16给出了不同针栓头部设计方式对燃烧性能的影响。由表16可见, 在方案2、 7和8情况下, 由于燃烧效果降低,仿真燃烧室压力和燃烧效率明显降低,燃烧性能下降。方案3~6的仿真燃烧室压力和燃烧效率与方案1相当, 结合推力室内温度场分布和水组分分布可以看出, 这4种情况下的温度场分布和水组分分布与方案1接近, 燃烧性能差别不大。
综合上述分析, 缩小针栓头部半径可以明显起到降低针栓头部燃气温度的作用, 但是燃烧效率会降低, 燃烧性能有一定损失。仅改变针栓头部平板的形状,如方案$3 \sim 6$,虽然燃烧效率不会降低,可以保持较高的燃烧性能, 但对针栓头部冷却作用较小, 甚至不能起到冷却作用。本文建议可适当缩小针栓头部半径, 选取方案7针栓头部设计方式作为冷却针栓头部的改进方式。
本文针对典型针栓式喷注器进行参数化数值仿真优化研究, 得到如下研究结论:
a)对比了特定结构形式针栓式喷注器的两种设计方式, 即氧化剂中心式和燃料中心式, 发现在此结构形式下氧化剂中心式燃烧性能更好, 但针栓头部温度比燃料中心式高约${1200}\mathrm{\;K}$
b)较大的燃烧室收缩比燃烧性能更高,但针栓头部温度较高;较小的针栓头部角度燃烧性能更高, 但针栓头部温度较高,同时针栓的有效移动距离减小; 较小中间套筒距离下, 燃烧性能更高, 但同时针栓头部承受的热载较大。
c)速度比在1.1左右时, 燃烧性能更高, 同时针栓头部附近燃气温度较低;混合比在3左右时,燃烧性能更高,同时针栓头部温度较低。
d)研究发现缩小针栓头部半径可以起到明显降低针栓头部燃气温度的作用,但是燃烧效率会降低, 燃烧性能有一定损失。后续针栓改进设计需要在热防护和燃烧效率之间取得平衡。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250206
  • 接收时间:2024-06-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11
  • 修回日期:2025-04-06
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    1北京航天试验技术研究所,北京,100074
    2北京航天动力研究所,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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