Article(id=1154065252640608507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148011752937218501, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1726675200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-19, revisedDate=1741968000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753080197724, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753080197724, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753080197724, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753080197724, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148011752937218501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2025', volume='48', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751636930927, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754905338909, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161720449667785615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148011752937218501, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161720449667785616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148011752937218501, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=99, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154065253131342078, articleId=1154065252640608507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=The Innovative Application Research of Digital Empowerment in the Development of Commercial Rockets, columnId=1154057566536585795, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=SD-3 Commercial Rocket, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid development of technology, digital technology has become a key force driving innovation and development in various industries. Based on extensive research on the current state of digital applications in the aerospace industry both domestically and internationally, this research focuses on summarizing the achievements and experiences of the implementation of digital technology in the engineering development of the SD-3 commercial rocket. The aim is to delve into the current application status of digital technology in the commercial space industry and through typical case studies to analyze its specific implementation strategies, and to provide valuable references and insights for innovation in related fields.

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随着科技的飞速发展,数字化技术已成为推动各行业创新发展的关键力量。通过充分调研国内外航空航天数字化应用现状,重点总结了捷龙三号商业火箭数字化技术落地工程研制的成果与经验,旨在深入探讨数字化技术在商业航天领域的应用现状,并通过典型应用分析其具体实施策略,为相关领域的创新提供有益的参考和启示。

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龚林辉(1991—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为结构总体及分离总体设计。

王腾(1990—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为数字样机技术及仿真。

高利军(1985—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为型号总体设计。

王晨(1984—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为数字化总体设计。

刘伟(1980—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为型号总体设计。

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数字化赋能商业火箭研制的创新应用研究
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龚林辉 , 王腾 , 高利军 , 王晨 , 刘伟
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 捷龙三号商业火箭专栏 2025,48(2): 99-106
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 捷龙三号商业火箭专栏 2025, 48(2): 99-106
数字化赋能商业火箭研制的创新应用研究
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龚林辉, 王腾, 高利军, 王晨, 刘伟
作者信息
  • 北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京,100076
  • 龚林辉(1991—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为结构总体及分离总体设计。

    王腾(1990—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为数字样机技术及仿真。

    高利军(1985—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为型号总体设计。

    王晨(1984—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为数字化总体设计。

    刘伟(1980—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为型号总体设计。

The Innovative Application Research of Digital Empowerment in the Development of Commercial Rockets
Linhui GONG, Teng WANG, Lijun GAO, Chen WANG, Wei LIU
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250213
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随着科技的飞速发展,数字化技术已成为推动各行业创新发展的关键力量。通过充分调研国内外航空航天数字化应用现状,重点总结了捷龙三号商业火箭数字化技术落地工程研制的成果与经验,旨在深入探讨数字化技术在商业航天领域的应用现状,并通过典型应用分析其具体实施策略,为相关领域的创新提供有益的参考和启示。

捷龙三号  /  数字化  /  商业火箭  /  自主可控  /  创新

With the rapid development of technology, digital technology has become a key force driving innovation and development in various industries. Based on extensive research on the current state of digital applications in the aerospace industry both domestically and internationally, this research focuses on summarizing the achievements and experiences of the implementation of digital technology in the engineering development of the SD-3 commercial rocket. The aim is to delve into the current application status of digital technology in the commercial space industry and through typical case studies to analyze its specific implementation strategies, and to provide valuable references and insights for innovation in related fields.

SD-3  /  digitalization  /  commercial rocket  /  self-controlled and autonomous  /  innovation
龚林辉, 王腾, 高利军, 王晨, 刘伟. 数字化赋能商业火箭研制的创新应用研究. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (2) : 99 -106 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250213
Linhui GONG, Teng WANG, Lijun GAO, Chen WANG, Wei LIU. The Innovative Application Research of Digital Empowerment in the Development of Commercial Rockets[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (2) : 99 -106 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250213
如今数字化技术正以前所未有的速度改变着世界的面貌。商业航天领域作为高科技产业的代表, 对于数字化技术的需求和依赖日益凸显。数字化技术不仅能够提升研发效率, 降低试验成本, 还能通过模拟和仿真等技术, 为商业航天产品的研发、设计、测试等环节提供强有力的支撑。
数字化技术已被深入应用于航天领域型号研制, 尤其在全流程研制、详细设计、试验验证环节发挥了重要作用。数字化的研制流程为型号提供了统一的数据源, 实现了由数据驱动代替文字驱动、由数据维护代替文件维护的目标。数字化的设计手段能够通过数字化产品模型进行CAE设计, 完成数字模装、结构强度分析、模态分析等。数字试验验证技术优化了研制周期中的短线和瓶颈, 解决了运载火箭大型实物试验子样小、周期长、费用高、风险大等问题[1]
协同设计技术解决了数字化研制流程中统一数据源的问题。欧洲Esprit II计划中的Euro-CoOp项目实现了分布式协同系统的开发, 以支撑工程实际的协同技术研发。Standford大学联合Lockheed、EIT及HP进行的PACT项目, 用于解决大规模、分布式并行工程的协同设计问题。Airbus集团基于PHENIX项目, 使用PLM协同平台支撑A380/A350/A400M等型号的研发。中航一飞院、商飞等开展分布式数字化协同研制平台的建设, 基于协同虚拟工作环境开展协同工作、数据共享、构型状态管理和控制[2]。基于模型的定义(Model Based Definition, MBD)技术实现了由数据驱动代替文字驱动的目标。波音公司使用MBD技术定义了零件和装配数据集, 将零件实体几何模型、尺寸、公差标注、装配产品模型、工装模型、装配顺序等数据进行表达,支撑了波音787客机的设计和制造[3]。基于模型的系统工程(Model Based System Engineering, MBSE)技术实现了由数据维护代替文件维护的目标。国外的达索、洛马、波音、美国国家航天局(NASA)、欧空局(ESA)等使用MBSE技术实现了从基于文档转向基于模型、从信息孤岛转向权威信息源、以需求驱动系统逻辑架构设计、全生命周期需求可追溯以及跨领域集成仿真等先进研制模式, 相比于文字更加显性化且可度量。 中国的上海航天技术研究院、中国空间技术研究院、 中国空天防御技术总体研究院等研究院所在新型号自主创新驱动下,在系统设计、建模仿真、平台集成等方面推进并开展MBSE工程实践, 将系统工程理论与数字化技术相结合,解决了设计人员理解不一致、需求可追溯性不强、系统模型间关联性差等工程实际问题[4]
智能化CAD/CAE及仿真流程管理技术实现了设计模型与仿真模型的协同迭代。早在20世纪后半程, 基于大型航空航天产品研发,开发了NASTRAN、 ABAQUS、ANSYS等大型CAE仿真软件。美国沃特公司建立了导弹综合设计系统,美国军方建立了IHAT系统, 美国NASA建立了AEE设计集成环境, 通过集成几何、气动、推进、弹道、热、结构等,实现先进设计手段与仿真技术的结合。上海机电研究所应用SIMULIA SLM系统, 构建了飞行器协同设计与仿真管理平台,为飞行器总体设计人员提供专业化设计、仿真分析工具[5-6]
国外以Sedris为代表的综合测试环境平台,使用虚拟试验技术实现了测试环境的建模、转化、共享和发布。美国等国家投入大量资金,形成了TENA、 JMETC、AMSTAR等大型综合试验验证系统, 支撑F-22、宙斯盾等武器系统的研发与应用[7]。数字孪生技术通过将物理世界数字化, 以数字方式创建物理实体的虚拟实体, 借助历史数据、实时数据、算法模型等,模拟、验证、预测和控制物理实体全生命周期过程。NASA的阿波罗项目通过构建留在地球上的飞行体孪生体, 来反映空间中正在执行任务的空间飞行器状态和状况, 辅助太空轨道上的航天员在紧急情况下做出最正确的决策[8]
捷龙三号固体运载火箭是目前中国运载火箭技术研究院研制的最大规模的固体型号, 自立项到完成首飞仅有不到2年的时间,经费投入有限,按照传统研制流程, 诸多大型地面试验的产品设计、配套及生产均无法满足要求, 经费消耗也超出预期。 总体设计验证从传统的重实物试验验证转变为以计算机仿真试验为主,尝试总体设计模式的转型与发展。
捷龙三号通过坚持创新驱动, 认识到虚拟试验代替实物试验的重要性。为适应系统工程 “V” 字研制模式 “变得更快” 的新形势, 坚持问题导向, 注重总结同类型号、同类地面试验的数据、规律、经验, 聚焦试验验证目的, 依托专业能力, 在确保型号风险充分辨识和有效管控的基础上, 将虚拟试验作为实物试验的替代或补充, 提升研制效率和效益。如何采用虚拟试验技术破解设计难题、如何确保仿真准确有效、 如何实现风险可控是 “以仿真代替试验”、“以虚拟试验代替实物试验” 的数字化转型研制新模式实施中面临的实际问题, 数字化技术的应用需要遵循一定的工作思路和方法(见图1)。
首先, 基于一个基础, 即构建完善的数据采集、 处理和分析体系。结合运载火箭长期研制的工程实践经验, 积累形成了完整的工程研制规范和丰富的地面试验数据, 为 “以仿真代替试验” 数字化转型的工程实施奠定了良好基础。
其次, 确立一个支撑, 即建立强大的数字化平台和人员队伍, 实现各类数据的集成与共享。为充分辨识和管控取消全箭风洞试验、全箭模态试验、部分结构强度试验和分离试验后的技术风险, 借助组织力量成立了专业产品化队伍, 制定工作流程与奖惩措施, 全程参与型号研制工作, 为型号研制提供强有力支撑。
最后,实现3个转变,由试验支撑设计向仿真支撑设计转变, 通过设置不同的边界和条件, 将仿真结果与已有试验数据结果开展比对, 以仿真结果来确定设计参数, 更好地指导火箭的详细设计。由试验验证设计向仿真验证设计转变, 按照 “把虚拟试验当成实物试验来对待” 的研制思路, 在有限的地面试验基础上通过仿真进一步验证设计方案的正确性。由使用国外商业软件向研发使用自主可控工业软件转变, 在仿真过程中, 打破以往依赖国外工业软件、仿真工具的惯性, 充分应用通过专业核心技术自主开发的 “天巽”、“天行”等自主工业软件。 3数字化技术在商业火箭研制中的典型应用
气动外形优化与气动参数设计是总体设计的核心工作, 传统型号研制主要依赖各类型风洞试验确定气动方案、获取气动参数。风动试验测试项目多,需要投入多套试验产品, 研制周期长、费用高, 无法满足型号研制进度。
捷龙三号通过数字仿真代替风洞试验, 对全箭的分布气动特性进行计算。开展气动力/热设计: 采用多种数值仿真手段, 开展全剖面气动特性与热环境设计, 代替全部风洞试验获取了气动和热环境数据。基于数值仿真结合工程应用建立四维热环境精细化设计方法, 实现面向单机的定制化热环境制定, 较传统的包络型设计方法热环境降低40% 以上。数字化技术工作思路和方法见图2
NASA标准中提出头颈比大于1.6时存在涡流分离不稳定风险,捷龙三号采用 “大头罩”、“细脖子” 的结构外形, 头颈比达1.68 , 脉动压力导致的抖振载荷可能引起结构破坏。
针对大头颈比脉压高的问题, 基于天巽软件开发大涡模拟功能, 建立脉动压力数值仿真分析。通过某型号试验数据与仿真结果比对, 验证了方法正确性, 完成跨声速脉动压力、抖振载荷、噪声环境等设计条件制定。脉动压力数值仿真结果见图3
模态试验用来获取全箭模态频率、振型、阻尼等动特性数据及偏差, 进行姿控稳定性和飞行载荷设计, 是火箭研制阶段规模最大、占用资源最多的总体大型地面试验之一。试验需要使用真实主承载结构及设备模拟件, 以保证全箭刚度和质量特性与飞行状态相同, 一般需要消耗近一年研制周期和数千万研制经费。
捷龙三号型号研制之前, 中国尚无新研结构火箭在不开展全箭模态试验的情况下完成动力学特性设计的先例, 模态预示工作存在以下难点: a)各部段均为新研结构, 无先验经验和试验数据支撑, 不具备使用模态综合法的条件;b)全箭有效载荷和四级发动机为串联内分支结构, 存在内外翻边等复杂连接形式,局部刚度存在不确定性,预示难度高;$\mathrm{c}$)姿控系统设计裕度较小, 弹性偏差要求较高, 不能以增加偏差为代价进行弹性参数的包络。
根据捷龙三号箭体布局和结构特点, 从全箭结构动力学建模、连接面刚度和阻尼预示等方面开展全箭模态仿真, 获取了各级模态参数用于姿控网络设计。
a)全箭体结构动力学精细化建模。
以现有型号动力学建模经验为基础, 采用纵横扭一体化与局部结构精细化方法, 开展了捷龙三号承力部段和连接结构的精细化建模工作, 形成全箭数字仿真模型(见图4)。
b)箭体连接面刚度和阻尼预示。
针对捷龙三号无舱段级模态试验数据支撑和连接面刚度不确定的难题, 通过箭体部段连接面灵敏度分析和拉偏分析, 完成了上百种刚度组合工况下的数学仿真, 并通过模态阻尼数据库的外推等方法获取阻尼, 确定了全箭模态参数的包络范围。
c)模态参数获取和偏差量控制。
从产品、数据、模型等方面对偏差进行解耦, 采用 “多中值、小偏差” 模态参数设计方法(见图5), 获取了各级飞行剖面下箭体模态参数, 在取消模态试验的条件下,未增加模态设计结果的偏差量,避免增加姿控网络的设计难度。
传统的设计方法主要通过在初样研制阶段提前投产一发模装箭或者借助地面试验相关产品进行实物模装, 从而验证仪器接口正确性、操作可达性、电缆分支长度合理性或者管路敷设路径可行性等。该设计模式已不满足目前商业航天关于 “低成本、快履约” 的需求。
总装流程仿真是提前使用数字化的三维仿真软件, 基于数字样机开展总体与各大系统之间的流程仿真, 通过仿真分析为布局设计、制定工装方案和工作内容提供依据、试验预示,为实物试验提供指导性的认识, 提高实物总装操作水平。捷龙三号在传统的数字模装基础上, 将人机仿真和虚拟现实仿真技术应用在型号研制过程中, 几个关键单机拆装, 由于空间狭小, 不易于多人同时操作, 通过人机仿真建议在总装时采取相应的措施(见图6)。
针对研制时间紧张、设计方案无法通过实物验证的现状,为了规避设计风险,捷龙三号借助虚拟现实仿真技术, 构建了整流罩和卫星的三维虚拟现实模型, 实现了卫星和整流罩脱插插拔过程的可视化仿真(见图7)。
上述技术仅是捷龙三号仿真代替大型试验应用的部分实践, 型号在系统工程的框架下进行研制模式的创新与实践, 在充分继承已有固体运载器设计经验和总结的基础上,发挥数字化仿真手段的优势。
随着结构设计专业仿真能力的提升,在结构产品研制中, 仿真所发挥的作用越来越大, 在型号研制中形成了全箭数字强度试验技术体系, 结构部段静力试验前100% 开展强度预示, 针对成熟材料和常规结构, 仿真误差低于20%。
蜂窝夹芯结构具有远高于其他结构的比刚度性能, 是运载火箭整流罩、卫星支架、仪器安装板等结构的理想材料。通过仿真研究蜂窝夹芯结构失稳这一复杂过程, 基于蜂窝夹芯结构及开口结构的高精度仿真分析方法, 研究发现其失效机理为: 面板屈服一蜂窝格失稳一面板局部压溃一蜂窝夹芯整体失稳。蜂窝夹芯结构的高精度仿真分析方法可以对整流罩开展优化设计, 实现结构减重, 并基本实现整体结构与开口加强结构的协调承载、等强度设计, 提高结构整体承载能力。蜂窝夹芯结构失效仿真见图8
分离具有高动态和多专业耦合的特点, 是飞行试验的关键环节。以往型号研制中, 每个分离环节均需要开展分离试验, 参试产品涉及火工品和动力系统产品等,生产周期长。为覆盖飞行中的偏差包络, 部分试验还需要多次开展以确保验证充分。
刚体分离动力学仿真是分离设计的基础, 是确定分离时序、分离能源配置和分离干扰的通用手段。分离过程的多刚体动力学仿真可发挥与分离试验类似的验证作用, 与分离试验相比, 多刚体动力学仿真具有便于重复开展、针对设计偏差包络开展分析和分别模拟地面试验、飞行试验的优点, 是弥合地面试验天地不一致的重要方法。分离专业在刚体动力学仿真方法基础上, 形成了用于整流罩分离的大型薄壳结构弹性分离仿真以及用于多星分离的分离-姿控耦合仿真能力。
刚体动力学分离仿真有两个亮点:a)对分离可靠性和风险开展了全面的分析, 突出了分离方案的故障冗余能力, 对故障工况开展了分析; b)采用了更精细的模型, 能更准确地模拟分离体之间的相互作用。
弹性分离仿真相比分离试验有如下优势: a)例如某型号整流罩分离飞行过载较大, 仿真可在飞行过载条件下给出弹性变形的结果, 分离试验只能是地面过载条件;b)仿真可全面分析整流罩各局部结构的弹性变形,试验只能测量部分位置;c)仿真可给出各类结构偏差的影响。
分离弹簧在运动中与整流罩结构发生干涉卡滞是整流罩分离中的常见问题, 多个型号都出现过类似问题。开展运动干涉仿真, 可基于分离运动干涉仿真确定弹簧安装包络要求, 实现安装包络的正向设计。
整流罩与基础级的质量比是采用旋抛分离方案的各型号中最大的, 因此具有大整流罩、小基础级的特点, 整流罩旋抛过程会给基础级姿控系统产生干扰, 头罩越大产生的干扰也越大, 姿控系统的反馈反过来会影响整流罩抛罩运动。使用天行软件整流罩分离-姿控分离耦合仿真的亮点有: a)属首次开展旋抛整流罩分离-姿控耦合仿真; b)整流罩分离模型中采用接触关系模拟铰链作用。整流罩分离数字仿真见图9
当前, 在型号研制过程中适度合理地简化大型地面试验, 在 “设计-仿真-试验” 的研制总量闭环中增强了仿真工作在研制中的比重, 探索了 “把仿真当成实物试验来对待” 的新研制模式。
a)虚拟试验工作的应用需要精细化设计。
航天产品设计需要多系统、多专业配合, 面向仿真设计需要建立精细化的流体、动力学和结构静强度设计模型, 并基于已有的大量试验数据完成比对分析, 对模型进行精确修正, 同时通过深入研究使得对脉动压力、多物理场耦合等传统薄弱环节的机理认识更加清楚。在模型的有效范围内, 将基于精细化模型的仿真结果直接用于提出设计条件, 大幅减小了设计偏差, 确保新型号设计风险可控的同时, 减少了试验数量和工况。
b)虚拟试验代替实物试验的成功需要组织专业力量。
数字化转型新研制模式的实施, 需要管理措施的及时跟进。为充分辨识和管控取消地面试验后可能出现的技术风险, 发挥组织力量, 成立了型号突击队和专业的产品化队伍, 构建了专业产品化队伍与型号队伍的双轮驱动机制, 通过相应的激励机制提升团队成员的内在动力和团队整体的凝聚力。在组织层面为型号研制提供了有力支撑, 为型号技术攻关和风险管控保驾护航。
c)虚拟试验代替实物试验加快工程设计迭代。
在型号研制过程中通过仿真环节提前发现设计中的不协调性, 加速设计改进和迭代, 缩短了从设计到实物产品的闭环周期, 减少了产品试验件的投入。通过取消全箭模态试验、级间分离试验等总体大型试验项目,研制中全箭产品配套数量大幅缩减,降低了对产品生产、总装及试验场地资源的保障需求, 成为型号高效研制的有效途径。
d)虚拟试验能力提升需要自主工业软件的辅助。
数字化研制转型的关键是总体设计, 总体设计的核心能力是设计方法, 实现的载体是工具软件。将设计方法和已有的工具程序升级为研发自主工业软件, 是总体设计专业实现转型升级的重要举措。在型号研制中广泛应用自主工业软件, 结合已有试验数据进行验证改进, 保证设计工作的正确性, 推动实践 “以仿真代替试验” 数字化转型研制新模式, 同时促进了自主工业软件的持续完善,最终实现研制能力的提升。
a)加速与数字工程的融合, 赋能商业火箭研制模式变革与创新发展。
数字工程是一种集成多学科手段和先进技术的数字化方法, 其核心是构建和运用数字模型和数据, 支撑火箭全生命周期的所有工程和管理活动。数字工程将极大改变复杂产品系统的研制生产和服务保障模式,加速复杂产品的数字化转型和创新发展[9]。基于商业火箭的模型数据, 采用数字工程技术, 可以为相关方提供更便利、更有效、更迅速的数字产品与服务, 加速商业火箭新项目的研发与发射服务能力的交付, 提升用户的服务体验, 助推商业火箭实现研制模式转型与创新发展[10-11],最终形成一套具有中国特色的商业火箭数字化研制与服务模式。
b)由点到面按需应用数字孪生, 支撑商业火箭智能升级与最优决策。
近年来, 数字孪生技术已经成为了国内外学者、 研究机构和企业的研究热点, 是战略科技发展趋势之一。数字孪生作为解决数字模型与物理实体融合难题的技术, 是践行数字化转型理念与目标的关键使能技术, 在支撑产品研制业务全流程、助力科研生产和管理的融合创新方面发挥了重要作用[12]。具备条件的仿真与虚拟试验被升级为数字孪生, 可在设计、生产、试验、培训、运维等商业火箭全生命周期活动中应用, 开展设计闭环验证、加工检测与虚实映射装配、故障预警与推理决策、流程规划、应急处置演练、使用性能与操作预示、虚实结合维修保障等工作[13]
c)结合人工智能等新兴技术,提升商业火箭研制与发射服务水平。
在全球进入智能制造的大背景下, 在数字化基础上, 通过传感器、大数据分析、机器学习、大模型等技术, 实现商业火箭的智能设计与制造, 已经成为重要的发展趋势之一[14-15]。在各方互联互通的基础上, 基于模型数据在研制各个环节中开展综合分析与智能应用, 实现故障诊断与预测、产品智能设计与仿真、 商业发射市场分析等工作[16]。积极借鉴汽车、民用航空等国内外优秀经验, 扩展商业火箭在大数据分析与智能化中的应用场景, 提升研制质量与效率, 有效控制成本与研制周期[17-19]
d)深入利用沉浸式人机交互技术,增强商业火箭全方位协同体验。
以虚拟现实、增强现实、混合现实为代表的扩展现实技术, 在交互性、生动性、直观性等方面取得了非常大的进步, 主要采用视觉、声觉和触觉等体验方式, 实现对复杂系统的设计、生产、试验及运维的指导与优化[20-21]。在已有虚拟现实成果基础上,进一步深度利用虚拟/增强现实技术进行沉浸式仿真, 加强商业火箭人机交互体验, 提高火箭协同设计效率, 实现智能化、导引式、以人为本的装配、运维和操作训练,助力产能提升与成本控制的最大化[22],并支撑商业火箭在多种市场活动场景下交互与协作, 提升客户的体验感[23]
本文在充分调研国内外航空航天数字化应用现状基础上, 重点总结了捷龙三号商业火箭数字化技术落地工程研制的成果与经验。数字化技术在商业航天领域的应用前景广阔, 有着显著的成本、效率和灵活性优势。随着数字化技术的不断进步和应用的深入, 数字化技术在推动商业航天创新发展方面发挥着重要作用, 加速了行业的快速发展。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250213
  • 接收时间:2024-09-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19
  • 修回日期:2025-03-15
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    北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京,100076
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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