Article(id=1148011769789932349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148087921783075097, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240503, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1641052800000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-02, revisedDate=1646323200000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636934944, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636934944, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636934944, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636934944, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148087921783075097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751655090995, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895903201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680873427390506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148087921783075097, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680873427390507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1148087921783075097, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=16, endPage=20, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011770020619084, articleId=1148011769789932349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=A Co-simulation Method of Inserted Separation and Stabilization Control for Hypersonic Vehicle, columnId=1154057568293999177, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Launch Vehicle and Missile, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The hypersonic vehicle needs to separate from the booster stage in an environment with low altitude and high dynamic pressure. The current prediction of separation and attitude control based on limit deviation method is not real enough and the design is heavily redundant. For inserted separation with long stroke and small gap, the collision detection of two stages cannot be carried out during the attitude control design process. To solve the above problems, a coupling calculating method of separation and attitude control is proposed, which introduces the attitude control model into separation dynamic model. Design redundancy is reduced and the level of refine is improved. Also, collision detection can be realized in the whole process, providing support for ensuring the safety of the separation and attitude control process. The method provides a basis for the time to start attitude control of the upper stage, and has guiding significance for optimization design of separation time sequence.

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高速飞行器需要在低空大动压的环境下实现与助推级的分离。目前基于极限偏差法的分离起控仿真预示不够真实,设计冗余大。对于长行程小间隙的潜入式分离,起控设计时无法对两级进行碰撞检测。针对以上问题,提出一种分离起控联合仿真预示方法,在上面级分离动力学模型中引入姿态控制模型,降低设计冗余度,提高精细化设计水平。其次,该方法能够实现分离、起控全过程的碰撞检测,为保证分离起控安全性提供支撑。该方法为上面级起控时间的选择提供了重要依据,对分离时序等的优化设计具有指导意义。

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蒋希之(1996-),女,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

赵长见(1976—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

赵俊锋(1984—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

郭栋(1994—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为弹道规划与姿态控制总体设计。

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蒋希之(1996-),女,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

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高速飞行器潜入式分离起控联合仿真方法研究
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蒋希之 , 赵长见 , 赵俊锋 , 郭栋
导弹与航天运载技术 | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2024,47(5): 16-20
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导弹与航天运载技术 | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2024, 47(5): 16-20
高速飞行器潜入式分离起控联合仿真方法研究
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蒋希之, 赵长见, 赵俊锋, 郭栋
作者信息
  • 中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076
  • 蒋希之(1996-),女,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    赵长见(1976—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    赵俊锋(1984—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    郭栋(1994—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为弹道规划与姿态控制总体设计。

A Co-simulation Method of Inserted Separation and Stabilization Control for Hypersonic Vehicle
Xizhi JIANG, Changjian ZHAO, Junfeng ZHAO, Dong GUO
Affiliations
  • China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240503
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高速飞行器需要在低空大动压的环境下实现与助推级的分离。目前基于极限偏差法的分离起控仿真预示不够真实,设计冗余大。对于长行程小间隙的潜入式分离,起控设计时无法对两级进行碰撞检测。针对以上问题,提出一种分离起控联合仿真预示方法,在上面级分离动力学模型中引入姿态控制模型,降低设计冗余度,提高精细化设计水平。其次,该方法能够实现分离、起控全过程的碰撞检测,为保证分离起控安全性提供支撑。该方法为上面级起控时间的选择提供了重要依据,对分离时序等的优化设计具有指导意义。

高速飞行器  /  级间分离  /  起控  /  联合仿真  /  多体动力学

The hypersonic vehicle needs to separate from the booster stage in an environment with low altitude and high dynamic pressure. The current prediction of separation and attitude control based on limit deviation method is not real enough and the design is heavily redundant. For inserted separation with long stroke and small gap, the collision detection of two stages cannot be carried out during the attitude control design process. To solve the above problems, a coupling calculating method of separation and attitude control is proposed, which introduces the attitude control model into separation dynamic model. Design redundancy is reduced and the level of refine is improved. Also, collision detection can be realized in the whole process, providing support for ensuring the safety of the separation and attitude control process. The method provides a basis for the time to start attitude control of the upper stage, and has guiding significance for optimization design of separation time sequence.

hypersonic vehicle  /  stage separation  /  stabilization control  /  co-simulation  /  multibody dynamic
蒋希之, 赵长见, 赵俊锋, 郭栋. 高速飞行器潜入式分离起控联合仿真方法研究. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2024 , 47 (5) : 16 -20 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240503
Xizhi JIANG, Changjian ZHAO, Junfeng ZHAO, Dong GUO. A Co-simulation Method of Inserted Separation and Stabilization Control for Hypersonic Vehicle[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2024 , 47 (5) : 16 -20 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240503
高速飞行器具有响应速度快、突防能力强、作战射程远、打击效能好等独特优势, 是世界主要军事大国的研究热点之一[1-2]。由于现有动力装置的约束, 该类飞行器通常需要通过助推级助推入轨, 因此带来了上面级与助推级的分离问题, 级间分离的安全性和稳定性直接关系到上面级能否继续稳定飞行[3-4]
高速飞行器级间分离需要在稠密大气层内完成。 分离时的大动压环境以及上面级的静不稳定特性, 导致后续的起控对于分离设计有着严格的约束。目前的设计流程中, 分离、起控设计为两个独立的专业, 两专业间通过极限偏差的形式进行数据传递, 分离专业将分离仿真后的姿态角包络值作为输出传递给起控设计专业,起控设计专业利用包络值的正负组合作为输入, 进行控制器的设计。实际上, 某些恶劣的极限组合工况是不可能发生的, 此设计方法不但使仿真缺乏真实性, 且提高了设计冗余度, 甚至导致总体方案无法闭合, 需要进行反复迭代。此外为了满足减小气动阻力等需求, 该类飞行器分离面会存在潜入结构, 分离过程存在长行程、小间隙的特点。为降低上面级起控难度, 要求缩短上面级失控时间, 而对于此类分离, 往往下面级还未完全脱出, 上面级已经起控, 上面级姿态控制力对两体间隙的影响较显著[5],增加碰撞风险,起控设计时无法对两级进行碰撞检测分析。
目前分离动力学建模及分析的工作主要集中在分离过程的多体运动仿真[6-9],很少涉及控制需求分析和控制模型的设计。而对于分离后起控的研究主要集中在控制策略上,并不关注两级的碰撞问题[4,10-11]。 为此本文针对高速飞行器低空大动压潜入式分离及起控设计中的难点, 考虑分离过程的干扰, 在分离动力学模型中引入姿态控制模型, 实现分离起控的联合仿真, 提高精细化设计水平, 并开展全程碰撞检测, 对分离时序等的优化设计具有指导意义。
本文级间分离采用常见的冷分离方案, 分离面为上面级与级间段的对接面, 分离面布置导向销, 起分离导向和抗剪作用。级间段导流锥凸出分离面, 成为上面级发动机喷管的插入物, 上面级发动机喷管凸出分离面, 成为级间段的插入物, 形成 “双潜入” 结构, 如图1所示。分离过程中的易碰区域分别为发动机喷管与级间段内壁、发动机喷管与导向销以及发动机喷管与导流锥。
采用如图2所示的分离时序, 控制系统先进行助推级发动机耗尽起判,耗尽关机后反推火箭点火。 TK1时刻控制系统发出级间分离解锁指令, Tqk2时刻巡航级起控。
首先基于以下合理假设, 对联合仿真模型的六自由度模型进行一定简化:
a)分离时间短, 忽略地球自转带来的影响;
b)忽略飞行器的弹性振动, 将飞行器视为理想刚体;
c)分离过程助推发动机已耗尽关机,无质量损失, 质量不变;
d)上面级为面对称构型,认为其惯性积${I}_{xz}\text{、}{I}_{yz}$为零,${I}_{xy}$较小,可以忽略不计;
e)分离起控过程的质心运动相较于绕质心运动为长周期运动, 速度大小和方向的变化可以忽略, 取标准弹道分离时刻的参数。
忽略弹体的弹性响应建立刚体分离动力学模型, 分离坐标系如图3所示。
分离坐标系${OXYZ}$,即分离惯性参考坐标系,坐标原点$O$为组合体质心,${OX}$沿组合体纵轴指向头部,${OY}$轴在组合体纵向对称面内,垂直于纵轴向上,${OZ}$轴按右手规则确定。分离坐标系分离初始与组合体的弹体坐标重合。
上面级坐标系${O}_{\mathrm{u}}{X}_{\mathrm{u}}{Y}_{\mathrm{u}}{Z}_{\mathrm{u}}$即分离计算过程中上面级分离体的弹体坐标系,原点${O}_{\mathrm{u}}$为上面级质心,${O}_{\mathrm{u}}{X}_{\mathrm{u}}$轴沿上面级纵轴指向头部,${O}_{\mathrm{u}}{Y}_{\mathrm{u}}$轴在上面级纵向对称面内,垂直于纵轴向上,${O}_{\mathrm{u}}{Z}_{\mathrm{u}}$轴按右手规则确定。 下面级坐标系${O}_{\mathrm{d}}{X}_{\mathrm{d}}{Y}_{\mathrm{d}}{Z}_{\mathrm{d}}$定义方法同上面级坐标系。
上面级坐标系${O}_{\mathrm{u}}{X}_{\mathrm{u}}{Y}_{\mathrm{u}}{Z}_{\mathrm{u}}$相对于分离坐标系${OXYZ}$转动的欧拉角为${\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\text{、}{\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}\text{、}{\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}$,则从上面级坐标系${O}_{\mathrm{u}}{X}_{\mathrm{u}}{Y}_{\mathrm{u}}{Z}_{\mathrm{u}}$到分离坐标系${OXYZ}$的转换矩阵为
$\boldsymbol{T}_{\mathrm{u}}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} \cos \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \cos \psi_{\mathrm{u}} & -\sin \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \cos \gamma_{\mathrm{u}}+\cos \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \psi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \gamma_{\mathrm{u}} & \sin \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \gamma_{\mathrm{u}}+\cos \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \psi_{\mathrm{u}} \cos \gamma_{\mathrm{u}} \\ \sin \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \cos \psi_{\mathrm{u}} & \cos \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \cos \gamma_{\mathrm{u}}+\sin \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \psi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \gamma_{\mathrm{u}} & -\cos \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \gamma_{\mathrm{u}}+\sin \varphi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \psi_{\mathrm{u}} \cos \gamma_{\mathrm{u}} \\ -\sin \psi_{\mathrm{u}} & \cos \psi_{\mathrm{u}} \sin \gamma_{\mathrm{u}} & \cos \psi_{\mathrm{u}} \cos \gamma_{\mathrm{u}} \end{array}\right]$
下面级坐标系${O}_{\mathrm{d}}{X}_{\mathrm{d}}{Y}_{\mathrm{d}}{Z}_{\mathrm{d}}$到分离坐标系${OXYZ}$的转换矩阵同理。
分离体的六自由度动力学方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} m\ddot{\mathbf{r}}= \mathbf{F}\\\mathbf{I}\cdot \dot{\mathbf{\omega }}+ \mathbf{\omega }\times \mathbf{I}\cdot \mathbf{\omega }= \mathbf{M}\end{array}\right.$
式中$m$为分离体质量;$\mathbf{I}$为分离体转动惯量;$\mathbf{F}$为惯性坐标系下分离体所受外力;$\mathbf{M}$为分离体所受相对质心的外力矩;$\overrightarrow{r}$为分离体质心在惯性坐标系下的位移变化;$\omega$为弹体坐标系下分离体绕质心的转动角速度。
弹体坐标系下分离体绕质心的转动角速度$\omega$与分离体惯性坐标系下欧拉角速度$\dot{\varphi }\text{、}\dot{\psi }\text{、}\dot{\gamma }$的关系为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\dot{\varphi }= \frac{1}{\cos \psi }\left({{\mathbf{\omega }}_{y}\sin \gamma +{\mathbf{\omega }}_{z}\cos \gamma }\right)\\\dot{\psi }= {\mathbf{\omega }}_{y}\cos \gamma -{\mathbf{\omega }}_{z}\sin \gamma \\\dot{\gamma }= {\mathbf{\omega }}_{x}- \tan \psi \left({{\mathbf{\omega }}_{y}\sin \gamma +{\mathbf{\omega }}_{z}\cos \gamma }\right)\end{array}\right.$
以上面级俯仰通道姿态控制为例,控制器选择${a}_{0}$控制加超前校正网络, 惯组和伺服均可通过一个二阶线性系统模型描述, 姿控回路如图4所示。
基于小扰动假设和系数冻结法, 可建立导弹的三通道线性化动力学模型。以俯仰通道为例, 状态空间形式的姿态动力学模型可描述为
$\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\Delta \dot{\theta }\\\Delta \dot{\varphi }\\\Delta \ddot{\varphi }\end{matrix}\right\rbrack =\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{c}_{2\mathrm{f}}- {c}_{1\mathrm{f}}& {c}_{1\mathrm{f}}& 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\{b}_{2\mathrm{f}}& -{b}_{2\mathrm{f}}& -{b}_{1\mathrm{f}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\Delta \theta }\\{\Delta \varphi }\\\Delta \dot{\varphi }\end{matrix}\right\rbrack +\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{c}_{3\mathrm{f}}\\ 0 \\- {b}_{3\mathrm{f}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \Delta {\delta }_{\varphi }+ \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{c}_{1\mathrm{f}}^{\prime }\\ 0 \\- {b}_{2\mathrm{f}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack {\alpha }_{\mathrm{w}}+ \\\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\bar{F}}_{\mathrm{b}y}\\ 0 \\{\bar{M}}_{\mathrm{b}x}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
式中${\Delta \varphi }$为俯仰角偏差;${\Delta \theta }$为弹道倾角偏差;$\Delta {\delta }_{\varphi }$为俯仰舵偏角;${\alpha }_{\mathrm{w}}$为风攻角;$\Delta \dot{\varphi }$为俯仰角角速率;$\Delta \dot{\theta }$为弹道倾角角速率;${c}_{1\mathrm{f}},{c}_{1\mathrm{f}}^{\prime },{c}_{2\mathrm{f}},{c}_{3\mathrm{f}},{b}_{1\mathrm{f}},{b}_{2\mathrm{f}},{b}_{3\mathrm{f}}$为俯仰通道弹体小偏差系数;${\bar{F}}_{by},{\bar{M}}_{bz}$分别为干扰力和干扰力矩项。
采用三通道解耦控制方式, 将三通道姿态角偏差
${\mathbf{T}}_{\mathrm{u}}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\cos {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\cos {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}& -\sin {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\cos {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}+ \cos {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}& \sin {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}+ \cos {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}\cos {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}\\\sin {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\cos {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}& \cos {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\cos {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}+ \sin {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}& -\cos {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}+ \sin {\varphi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}\cos {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}\\- \sin {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}& \cos {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}\sin {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}& \cos {\psi }_{\mathrm{u}}\cos {\gamma }_{\mathrm{u}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
(1)进行解耦, 如式(5)所示。
$\left\lbrack \begin{array}{l}\Delta {\gamma }_{1}\\\Delta {\psi }_{1}\\\Delta {\varphi }_{1}\end{array}\right\rbrack =\mathbf{J}\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\Delta \gamma }\\{\Delta \psi }\\{\Delta \varphi }\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
式中$J$为解耦矩阵。
式(6)为三通道控制方程。俯仰、偏航通道通过静态增益和校正网络进行控制, 滚转通道采用动静态增益和校正网络的控制方式。
$\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\Delta {\delta }_{\gamma 1}\\\Delta {\delta }_{\psi 1}\\\Delta {\delta }_{\varphi 1}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack =\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{a}_{0}^{\gamma }\cdot {D}_{\mathrm{C}1}^{\gamma }\left( z\right)\cdot \left({\Delta {\gamma }_{1}+ {a}_{1}^{\gamma }{\omega }_{x1}}\right)\\{a}_{0}^{\psi }\cdot {D}_{\mathrm{C}1}^{\psi }\left( z\right)\cdot \Delta {\psi }_{1}\\{a}_{0}^{\varphi }\cdot {D}_{\mathrm{C}1}^{\varphi }\left( z\right)\cdot \Delta {\varphi }_{1}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
式中${D}_{\mathrm{C}1}^{\gamma },{D}_{\mathrm{C}1}^{\psi },{D}_{\mathrm{C}1}^{\varphi }$分别为空气舵滚动、偏航和俯仰通道离散型姿控网络;${a}_{0}^{\gamma },{a}_{0}^{\psi },{a}_{0}^{\varphi }$分别为滚动、偏航和俯仰通道静态放大系数;${a}_{1}^{\gamma }$为滚转角速度增益系数。
所设计的控制器保证起控后$3\mathrm{\;s}$内的特征秒点在额定及上、下限状态下系统都稳定且具有一定的幅值、相位裕度。以俯仰通道为例, 校正后的开环频率特性曲线如图5所示。
首先考虑两级所受外力及各类偏差, 建立两级起控前的分离动力学模型。起控前两级自由运动, 起控后将姿态控制模型引入上面级分离动力学模型中, 控制模型根据当前姿态角偏差解算舵偏角, 再根据舵偏角进行气动插值计算控制力。以上过程能够实现上面级分离与起控的联合仿真计算, 保持每一工况数据传递的一致性。
在碰撞检测方面, 由于该类飞行器的潜入式结构较复杂, 无法准确确定分离过程中易碰撞点位置, 因此选用多体动力学分析工具进行碰撞检测分析, 可以进行两体最小间隙的分析, 以联合仿真计算的两级姿态角变化、相对位移变化作为输入计算各部件间的最小间隙变化。分离起控联合仿真流程见图6
由于仿真工况较多, 可以通过程序与多体动力学软件的联合计算模块进行接口定义, 实现多工况自动计算。
利用主动段结束时刻的攻角、侧滑角、角速度等的包络值, 对其取正负组合作为联合仿真计算的输入, 计算过程中的力和力矩的偏差都取同号相加, 使仿真工况更恶劣。起控时间分别取${0.05}\mathrm{\;s}\text{、}{0.15}\mathrm{\;s}$。利用极限偏差法求得的上面级姿态角偏差如图7~9的a图所示,联合仿真求得的上面级姿态角角偏差如图7~9$\mathrm{b}$图、$\mathrm{c}$图所示。
图7~9中,由于各类偏差的存在,姿态角角偏差趋于0附近的一个常值,此时姿态稳定。对比图7~9的a、b图可知,相比极限偏差法,联合仿真的姿态角角偏差变化范围更小, 上面级姿态稳定得更快; 对比b、c图可知,分离后起控越早,上面级姿态发散程度越小, 起控后的姿态角角偏差变化范围也越小, 上面级姿态稳定得越快。
图10${0.05}\mathrm{\;s}$起控联合仿真的最小间隙曲线。3个分离易碰撞区域的最小间隙均大于0 ,其中喷管与级间段内壁的间隙最小,两者最小间隙为${6.16}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$, 说明分离起控过程中两级没有发生碰撞, 分离过程安全平稳。
本文建立了分离与起控的联合仿真动力学模型, 能够真实地反映级间分离和起控过程中两级的运动, 提高设计的精细化水平, 降低设计冗余度。特别对于具有大潜入结构的飞行器而言, 该方法可以实现分离起控仿真全过程碰撞检测分析, 为保证分离起控的安全性提供支撑。该方法也为缩短起控时间提供依据, 对分离时序等的优化设计具有指导意义。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240503
  • 接收时间:2022-01-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-02
  • 修回日期:2022-03-04
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    中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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