Article(id=1148011758888940189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298831252079541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240202, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1646150400000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-02, revisedDate=1697558400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636932345, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636932345, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636932345, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636932345, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298831252079541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751943794309, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895895552, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680841353552315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298831252079541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680841353552316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298831252079541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011759107044014, articleId=1148011758888940189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Sensitive Factors of High Speed Separation of S-shaped Cable during Stage Separation, columnId=1154057568293999177, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Launch Vehicle and Missile, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The structure of S-shaped cable is complex. When S-shaped cable is separated at high speed, it has large deformation and complex nonlinear contact. The analysis of dynamic deformation and mechanical characteristics of S-shaped cable is one of the difficulties in engineering design. ABAQUS is used to establish the dynamic simulation separation model of separation cable. The dynamic deformation mechanism and mechanical characteristics of S-shaped cable are analyzed, and the correctness of the modeling method is further verified by the ground experiment. The influence of various sensitive factors, such as length, section diameter, tail length and separation speed of S-shaped cable is studied, which can provide analysis method and reference for engineering application.

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级间分离$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索结构复杂,高速分离过程涉及大变形、复杂非线性接触等问题,其动态变形及力学特性分析是工程设计的难点之一。基于Abaqus建立S形分离钢索动态分离仿真模型, 分析了S形分离钢索高速分离动态变形过程及力学特性,并通过地面试验进一步验证建模方法的正确性。研究了$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索长度、截面直径、拖尾长度、分离速度等多种敏感因素的影响,对工程实际具有一定的指导意义。

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董瑞涛(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

林三春(1991—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

荀飞(1975—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

刘金峰(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

付继伟(1978—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

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董瑞涛(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

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董瑞涛(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

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林三春(1991—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

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材料名称密度$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}}\right)$杨氏模量/MPa泊松比
70弹簧钢78102060000.3835
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材料名称密度$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}}\right)$杨氏模量/MPa泊松比
70弹簧钢78102060000.3835
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级间分离S形分离钢索高速分离敏感因素分析
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董瑞涛 , 林三春 , 荀飞 , 刘金峰 , 付继伟
导弹与航天运载技术 | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2024,47(2): 7-10
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导弹与航天运载技术 | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2024, 47(2): 7-10
级间分离S形分离钢索高速分离敏感因素分析
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董瑞涛, 林三春, 荀飞, 刘金峰, 付继伟
作者信息
  • 北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京,100076
  • 董瑞涛(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    林三春(1991—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    荀飞(1975—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    刘金峰(1981—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    付继伟(1978—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

Analysis of the Sensitive Factors of High Speed Separation of S-shaped Cable during Stage Separation
Ruitao DONG, Sanchun LIN, Fei XUN, Jinfeng LIU, Jiwei FU
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240202
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级间分离$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索结构复杂,高速分离过程涉及大变形、复杂非线性接触等问题,其动态变形及力学特性分析是工程设计的难点之一。基于Abaqus建立S形分离钢索动态分离仿真模型, 分析了S形分离钢索高速分离动态变形过程及力学特性,并通过地面试验进一步验证建模方法的正确性。研究了$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索长度、截面直径、拖尾长度、分离速度等多种敏感因素的影响,对工程实际具有一定的指导意义。

级间分离  /  S形分离钢索  /  高速分离  /  变形过程  /  力学特性

The structure of S-shaped cable is complex. When S-shaped cable is separated at high speed, it has large deformation and complex nonlinear contact. The analysis of dynamic deformation and mechanical characteristics of S-shaped cable is one of the difficulties in engineering design. ABAQUS is used to establish the dynamic simulation separation model of separation cable. The dynamic deformation mechanism and mechanical characteristics of S-shaped cable are analyzed, and the correctness of the modeling method is further verified by the ground experiment. The influence of various sensitive factors, such as length, section diameter, tail length and separation speed of S-shaped cable is studied, which can provide analysis method and reference for engineering application.

interstage separation  /  S-shaped cable  /  high speed separation  /  deformation process  /  mechanical properties
董瑞涛, 林三春, 荀飞, 刘金峰, 付继伟. 级间分离S形分离钢索高速分离敏感因素分析. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2024 , 47 (2) : 7 -10 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240202
Ruitao DONG, Sanchun LIN, Fei XUN, Jinfeng LIU, Jiwei FU. Analysis of the Sensitive Factors of High Speed Separation of S-shaped Cable during Stage Separation[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2024 , 47 (2) : 7 -10 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240202
航天器级间分离时, 上面级与下面级电气系统的断开大都通过分离电连接器实现分离, 通常采用机械分离的方法使分离电连接器从分离面断开, 分离钢索是拉动分离电连接器产生分离动作的重要结构件。分离电连接器能否在分离钢索作用下快速、安全地分离, 影响着航天器飞行成败, 因此, 分离钢索的设计与验证是分离系统设计的一个重要环节[1-2]
分离钢索具有连接、变形缓冲、传力的功能,一端连接分离电连接器, 一端通过分离钢索连接分离体。分离过程中由于分离体运动, 分离钢索松弛量逐渐减少直至拉紧,继而拉动分离电连接器解锁,如图1所示。
级间分离环境下,两个分离体之间相对分离速度往往高达每秒几十米。分离钢索受高速运动的分离体拉拽, 产生较大的瞬时作用力, 传统分离钢索无法适应此类环境, 可能被提前拉断造成分插分离失败, 导致严重后果。为适应高速分离环境,设计了一种$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索, 相比传统分离钢索, 可通过自身大变形起到缓冲作用,降低瞬时作用力。$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索在高速分离过程中涉及复杂非线性接触。目前, 中国尚无此类分离钢索高速分离环境适应性研究, 缺乏相应的分析方法。
本文基于Abaqus软件建立分离钢索动态仿真分析模型,研究$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索高速分离动态变形过程及力学特性, 并通过地面试验进一步验证建模方法的正确性。基于该模型,针对$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索多种敏感因素展开深入分析, 为工程实际提供指导。
基于Abaqus建立$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索有限元仿真模型, 分析高速分离时$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索各个部位的变形、拉脱情况, 获取其力学特性。模型中, 钢索一端与固定的圆柱连接, 模拟与插座的连接; 另一端与施加相应速度、加速度的圆柱连接,模拟分离体运动; 在每个$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索中间增加“钢环”约束,模拟保险丝固定。
S形分离钢索材料为70弹簧钢, 材料参数见表1, 考虑塑性。面与面接触采用硬接触, 摩擦系数为0.1 。 网格均采用六面体网格。分析步采用显示动态分析步,考虑非线性[3-6]
一般分离体质量远大于分离电连接器质量,因此, 认为分离电连接器分离过程为匀加速分离过程。
仿真得到的$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索变形情况与试验获得变形情况较为一致,如图3所示。$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索拉伸过程中, 靠近分离体运动一端变形最大, 最先拉脱; 靠近分离电连接器一端, 变形最小, 最晚拉脱。
通过拉伸试验得到$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索拉力-位移曲线如图4所示,拉力最大值为${1850}\mathrm{\;N}$,仿真计算得到的拉力最大值为${1536}\mathrm{\;N}$,略低于试验测量结果。这是由于模型中采用钢环对钢索的径向预紧力和摩擦系数比实际加保险丝时小,导致钢索整体刚度略低于实际值。
对于分离电连接器短时、高速分离过程, 需要分离钢索能尽可能提供更大变形量、更适度拉力的综合作用, 确保提供足够的分离能量且不产生过大的作用力使电连接器受到破坏。本文基于Abaqus建立的有限元仿真模型,深入研究$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索的单根长度、 截面积、分离速度、拖尾长度等因素对分离钢索变形过程、输出拉力大小及作用行程的影响,加深对$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索的认识。
单根分离钢索长度不同,其刚度不同,分离钢索分离过程的最大变形量也不同。基于Abaqus建立有限元模型分析了3种规格的单根$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索拉伸过程[7-8],得到其拉力随位移变化曲线如图5所示。长度为${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${25}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$的分离钢索最大拉力分别为${2072}\mathrm{\;N}$${1628}\mathrm{\;N}$${1537}\mathrm{\;N}$,最大变形量分别为${42.04}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${47.95}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${52.49}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。可知,单根分离钢索长度越小, 峰值拉力越大, 最大变形量越小; 长度越长, 峰值拉力越小, 最大变形量越大。
$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索的截面直径增加1.414倍(截面积增加2倍)。分离钢索等效塑性应变云图见图6,分离过程分离钢索的拉脱形式发生了变化, 钢索与圆柱的直接连接处变形非常严重,最大应力为${1750}\mathrm{{MPa}}$。 等效塑性应变达到了1.972 ,已经超出屈服极限,极有可能发生 “剪断”,即分离钢索整体来不及变形而先被局部拉断, 无法起到拉伸作用。可见, 分离钢索截面积太大, 刚度过大而无法适应高速分离环境。
取同样长度和截面积的$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索,研究拖尾长度对分离钢索拉力及最大变形量的影响。仿真分析曲线见图7, 随着拖尾长度增加, 峰值拉力范围保持在1 700~1 800 N,拖尾1圈、2圈、3圈最大变形量分别为${86.38}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${127.06}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${186.06}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。可见,$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索拖尾长度越长, 可以保持峰值推力不增加, 但最大变形量越大。因此,通过延长$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索拖尾长度, 提高分离钢索作用时间且保持拉力适当, 对分离电连接器的可靠分离有较大好处。
研究不同分离速度下,$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索变形情况。图8仿真结果显示, 不同分离速度影响初始阶段的峰值拉力,${40}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$${20}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$拉伸速度得到的第1个峰值分别为${407.5}\mathrm{\;N}$${285}\mathrm{\;N}$,稳定后均与拉伸试验得到的结果一致。可以得到, 拉伸速度在一定范围内, 不影响稳定后拉力状态。当分离速度超过一定阈值, 初始阶段分离钢索所受峰值拉力过大, 则会在第1个拉力峰值拉断分离钢索。
本文基于ABAQUS软件建立S形分离钢索高速分离动态仿真模型, 研究其动态变形过程及其力学特性, 并与试验结果取得了较为一致的规律, 验证了仿真建模方法的正确性。通过对$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索敏感因素展开研究,分析了单根$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索长度、截面直径、拖尾长度及分离速度等敏感因素对动态变形过程及力学特性的影响, 分析结果显示:
a)单根$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索长度越长、截面积越小, 整体刚度越小、变形能力越大。
b)单根$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索拖尾长度越长,变形能力越大,但峰值拉力不增加。
c)分离速度越快,对稳定段峰值拉力无影响, 但对初始作用阶段峰值拉力影响较大, 过大的分离速度可能很快造成剪断破坏。
通过以上研究加深了对$\mathrm{S}$形分离钢索的认识,对实际工程设计具有一定的指导意义, 当分离速度较快又需要尽可能延长作用时间时, 应选用单根长度更长、截面积更小、拖尾长度更长的分离钢索。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240202
  • 接收时间:2022-03-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-02
  • 修回日期:2023-10-18
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    北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京,100076
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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