Article(id=1148011754124206605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240107, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1678982400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-17, revisedDate=1688313600000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636931209, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636931209, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636931209, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636931209, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298828890686383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751943793747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895893333, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680832063164456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680832063164457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=30, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011754384253468, articleId=1148011754124206605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Flipping and Landing Trajectory Optimization of Starship-like Vehicles, columnId=1154057568293999177, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Launch Vehicle and Missile, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Starship is a new generation of reusable space transportation system developed by Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX). The landing process of this type of spacecraft, which has the characteristics of large attitude maneuver, multiple constraints, and high accuracy requirements, is different from that of traditional spacecraft. The dynamics of the flipping and landing phase of the Starship-like aircraft is studied firstly, and the response of engine gimbal angle is introduced into the dynamics to suppress the oscillation of engine gimbal angle. Then, based on the convex optimization method, an optimization algorithm for the free-final-time flipping and landing trajectory of Starship-like vehicles is designed, which can consider the attitude maneuver and typical constraints. In order to improve the convergence of the algorithm, virtual control and penalized trust region are used, and a method for initial value selection is given. Finally, numerical examples are provided to analyze the influences of initial value selection method, the response of engine gimbal angle, engine number, and the selection of optimization objective functions on the flipping and landing phase.
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星舰是美国太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)研制的新一代可重复使用航天运输系统。该类型飞行器的着陆过程与传统航天器截然不同,具有姿态机动大、约束条件多、精度要求高的特点。首先研究了类星舰飞行器翻转着陆段的动力学模型,将发动机摆角响应引入动力学方程来抑制发动机摆角振荡问题。接着,基于凸优化方法设计了可以考虑姿态机动和典型约束条件下类星舰飞行器飞行时间自由的翻转着陆轨迹优化算法。为了提高算法的收敛性,使用虚拟控制、在目标函数中惩罚信赖域并给出了初值选取方法。最后,结合数值优化结果,分析了不同初值选取方法、发动机摆角响应、着陆发动机个数和优化目标选取对翻转着陆过程的影响。
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鲁鹏(1994—),男,博士,主要研究方向为飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术。
李雅轩(1996—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术。
刘新福(1985—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要研究方向为飞行力学、飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术、模型预测控制与优化算法开发。
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鲁鹏(1994—),男,博士,主要研究方向为飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术。
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鲁鹏(1994—),男,博士,主要研究方向为飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术。
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李雅轩(1996—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术。
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李雅轩(1996—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术。
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刘新福(1985—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要研究方向为飞行力学、飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术、模型预测控制与优化算法开发。
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刘新福(1985—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要研究方向为飞行力学、飞行器轨迹优化、制导与控制技术、模型预测控制与优化算法开发。
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2013., articleTitle=ECOS: An SOCP solver for embedded, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1197483579732181079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, awardId=11972076, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(11972076), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197483575433019430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197483575453990951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, companyId=1197483575433019430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,100081), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197483575521099816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, companyId=1197483575433019430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京理工大学宇航学院,北京,100081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197483577295290434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
The flipping and landing process of a starship-like vehicle, figureFileSmall=Xttycpf22GcOsaTFoB243Q==, figureFileBig=AOrHW9S5s7S+8lBQHRI0lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577370787908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
类星舰飞行器翻转着陆过程示意, figureFileSmall=Xttycpf22GcOsaTFoB243Q==, figureFileBig=AOrHW9S5s7S+8lBQHRI0lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577463062597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
The definition of landing coordinate system ${Oxy}$and the body-fixed coordinate system ${O}_{\mathrm{b}}{x}_{\mathrm{b}}{y}_{\mathrm{b}}$., figureFileSmall=Eo/5dS30/w4hcOIwpSsKXw==, figureFileBig=QmpsaLEGXUNGnt3ISIEGHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577517588550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
着陆坐标系${Oxy}$和体坐标系${O}_{\mathrm{b}}{x}_{\mathrm{b}}{y}_{\mathrm{b}}$, figureFileSmall=Eo/5dS30/w4hcOIwpSsKXw==, figureFileBig=QmpsaLEGXUNGnt3ISIEGHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577580503111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Force analysis and structural parameters of the vehicle, figureFileSmall=bbZmwn/ZVr7nIZNQEWJBFg==, figureFileBig=PIhmxOFGlgvxy4vwLOjSsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577651806280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
飞行器受力分析和结构参数 $l$—参考长度;${l}_{\mathrm{{cp}}}$—压心位置;${l}_{\mathrm{{cg}}}$—重心位置。
, figureFileSmall=bbZmwn/ZVr7nIZNQEWJBFg==, figureFileBig=PIhmxOFGlgvxy4vwLOjSsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577718915145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Flow chart of trajectory optimization algorithm, figureFileSmall=kvgc2hWH5UkGlnkSUyPuug==, figureFileBig=lCVq3Nc6Zv5M4k347csPTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577802801226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
轨迹优化算法流程, figureFileSmall=kvgc2hWH5UkGlnkSUyPuug==, figureFileBig=lCVq3Nc6Zv5M4k347csPTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577882493003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Optimized results of the flipping and landing trajectory of the Starship-like vehicle, figureFileSmall=zS9QcxjC7BUaTSthSVmitg==, figureFileBig=+lWckPhLK5UrBBE1B1+3zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483577941213260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
飞行器翻转着陆轨迹优化结果, figureFileSmall=zS9QcxjC7BUaTSthSVmitg==, figureFileBig=+lWckPhLK5UrBBE1B1+3zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483578004127821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
The comparison between the results with linear initial guess or the initial guess obtained by the proposed method, figureFileSmall=K0kEo+EfFbKstDegZ6u6qA==, figureFileBig=BrcCy4f/kDfmaXiqZWPsIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483578062848078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
使用线性初值和本文方法确定的初值的结果对比, figureFileSmall=K0kEo+EfFbKstDegZ6u6qA==, figureFileBig=BrcCy4f/kDfmaXiqZWPsIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483578125762639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
The results solved with and without ${\delta }_{\mathrm{d}}$, figureFileSmall=mJDuSxmjA7RPgHsrkP1Q4g==, figureFileBig=XtV9Eet1HAYID3rOucgh5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483578180288592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不使用和使用摆角响应约束求解结果的对比, figureFileSmall=mJDuSxmjA7RPgHsrkP1Q4g==, figureFileBig=XtV9Eet1HAYID3rOucgh5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483578239008849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
The differences of controls between one-engine landing and two-engine landing, figureFileSmall=mzaSxctdUt2LHmT5+Qawzg==, figureFileBig=fk8/m3zY/FjOepcHzWQkBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483578301923410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
单台发动机和两台发动机着陆的控制量对比, figureFileSmall=mzaSxctdUt2LHmT5+Qawzg==, figureFileBig=fk8/m3zY/FjOepcHzWQkBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483578356449363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
The comparison between flipping before landing case and flipping while landing case, figureFileSmall=oYiep969Z5P9FQ2Up1A48Q==, figureFileBig=aZxiIRGcpYKY8YevDRV50Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483579497300052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
先翻转再着陆和边翻转边着陆的结果对比, figureFileSmall=oYiep969Z5P9FQ2Up1A48Q==, figureFileBig=aZxiIRGcpYKY8YevDRV50Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483579560214613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Vehicle configurations, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 干质量/t | 120 |
| 单发动机最大推力/kN | 2300 |
| 推力调节范围/% | 25~100 |
| 比冲/s | 350 |
| 最大发动机摆角/(°) | 10 |
| 最大摆角速度$/\left({\left({}^{\circ }\right)\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ | 20 |
| 最大姿态角速度$/\left({\left({}^{\circ }\right)\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ | 36 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197483579614740566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011754124206605, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
飞行器参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 干质量/t | 120 |
| 单发动机最大推力/kN | 2300 |
| 推力调节范围/% | 25~100 |
| 比冲/s | 350 |
| 最大发动机摆角/(°) | 10 |
| 最大摆角速度$/\left({\left({}^{\circ }\right)\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ | 20 |
| 最大姿态角速度$/\left({\left({}^{\circ }\right)\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ | 36 |
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