Article(id=1148011743239987349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298831252079541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240211, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1600963200000, receivedDateStr=2020-09-25, revisedDate=1608393600000, revisedDateStr=2020-12-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636928615, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636928615, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636928615, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636928615, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298831252079541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751943794309, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895895552, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680841353552315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298831252079541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680841353552316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298831252079541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=69, endPage=73, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011743428731030, articleId=1148011743239987349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Simulation Analysis of Ride Comfort of Multi-axle Vehicle based on a Rigid-flexible Coupling Model, columnId=1154067058611446771, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Launch Support, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For multi-axle vehicle which use integrated design and integral body structure, rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype model is established, which analyzes ride comfort of distributed driving multi-axle vehicle. On base of different connective with cab and body and different cab structure, ride comfort of vehicle is given with different load and different run case. Root mean square value of vibration acceleration of the truss structure cab with inclined support is effectively reduced. Comfort of the cab with no-connectivity top structure is better. Through optimize cab's structure form and top link shape, ride comfort of vehicle improves better on case of empty-load and full-load, which can satisfy the demands.

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针对采用一体化设计、整体式车身结构的多轴车辆,建立刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型,对多轴车辆的平顺性进行研究。基于驾驶室连接方式、驾驶室结构形式和驾驶室顶部连通形式3个设计要素,分析整车在不同载重和不同工况下的平顺性。分析表明,带有斜支撑桁架结构的驾驶室能够有效降低车辆行驶时驾驶室的加权加速度均方根值;顶部不连通的结构形式驾驶室舒适性更好;通过优化驾驶室结构形式和顶部连通形式,车辆在空载和满载情况下的平顺性得到了较大的改善,能够更好地满足使用要求。

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刘琦(1978—),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为发射动力学。

刘相新(1975—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为发射动力学。

谷捷(1983—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为车辆设计及结构优化。

刘懿敏(1973—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为发射动力学。

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结构形式一阶模态频率/Hz
方案一2.4574
方案二2.9636
方案三6.6711
方案四8.4631
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结构形式一阶模态频率/Hz
方案一2.4574
方案二2.9636
方案三6.6711
方案四8.4631
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顶部连通形式一阶模态频率/Hz
方案A8.4631
方案B2.4688
方案C2.5511
方案D3.8906
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顶部连通形式一阶模态频率/Hz
方案A8.4631
方案B2.4688
方案C2.5511
方案D3.8906
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工况55km/h85km/h
空载满载空载满载
${a}_{\mathrm{w}}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-2}}\right)$0.29440.33460.23960.3131
舒适性没有不舒适有一些不舒适没有不舒适没有不舒适
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工况55km/h85km/h
空载满载空载满载
${a}_{\mathrm{w}}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-2}}\right)$0.29440.33460.23960.3131
舒适性没有不舒适有一些不舒适没有不舒适没有不舒适
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基于刚柔耦合模型的多轴车辆平顺性仿真分析
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刘琦 , 刘相新 , 谷捷 , 刘懿敏
导弹与航天运载技术 | 发射技术 2024,47(2): 69-73
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导弹与航天运载技术 | 发射技术 2024, 47(2): 69-73
基于刚柔耦合模型的多轴车辆平顺性仿真分析
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刘琦, 刘相新, 谷捷, 刘懿敏
作者信息
  • 北京航天发射技术研究所,北京,100076
  • 刘琦(1978—),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为发射动力学。

    刘相新(1975—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为发射动力学。

    谷捷(1983—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为车辆设计及结构优化。

    刘懿敏(1973—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为发射动力学。

Simulation Analysis of Ride Comfort of Multi-axle Vehicle based on a Rigid-flexible Coupling Model
Qi LIU, Xiangxin LIU, Jie GU, Yimin LIU
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240211
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针对采用一体化设计、整体式车身结构的多轴车辆,建立刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型,对多轴车辆的平顺性进行研究。基于驾驶室连接方式、驾驶室结构形式和驾驶室顶部连通形式3个设计要素,分析整车在不同载重和不同工况下的平顺性。分析表明,带有斜支撑桁架结构的驾驶室能够有效降低车辆行驶时驾驶室的加权加速度均方根值;顶部不连通的结构形式驾驶室舒适性更好;通过优化驾驶室结构形式和顶部连通形式,车辆在空载和满载情况下的平顺性得到了较大的改善,能够更好地满足使用要求。

刚柔耦合  /  多轴车  /  平顺性  /  驾驶室  /  顶部连通形式

For multi-axle vehicle which use integrated design and integral body structure, rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype model is established, which analyzes ride comfort of distributed driving multi-axle vehicle. On base of different connective with cab and body and different cab structure, ride comfort of vehicle is given with different load and different run case. Root mean square value of vibration acceleration of the truss structure cab with inclined support is effectively reduced. Comfort of the cab with no-connectivity top structure is better. Through optimize cab's structure form and top link shape, ride comfort of vehicle improves better on case of empty-load and full-load, which can satisfy the demands.

rigid-flexible coupling  /  multi-axle vehicle  /  ride comfort  /  cab  /  top link shape
刘琦, 刘相新, 谷捷, 刘懿敏. 基于刚柔耦合模型的多轴车辆平顺性仿真分析. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2024 , 47 (2) : 69 -73 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240211
Qi LIU, Xiangxin LIU, Jie GU, Yimin LIU. Simulation Analysis of Ride Comfort of Multi-axle Vehicle based on a Rigid-flexible Coupling Model[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2024 , 47 (2) : 69 -73 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240211
重型多轴车辆一般采用驾驶室与车架分离设计, 驾驶室通过悬置系统与车架相连, 通过悬置系统优化设计实现良好的平顺性。随着电驱车技术的发展, 取消了车辆内部复杂传动部件等, 驾驶室不需要再翻转。因此, 驾驶室可与车架采用一体化设计, 共同承担载荷, 简化车辆结构。驾驶室与车架一体化需要设计相匹配的驾驶室连接形式以及相匹配的驾驶室结构, 并开展整车平顺性研究工作。
目前,国内外的一些学者针对传统多轴车辆平顺性、驾驶室结构对平顺性的影响等做了大量工作, 如杨波等[1-2]通过弹性梁弯曲振动理论和模态分析法建立了多轴汽车平顺性分析的柔性模型, 分析了不同因素对多轴汽车平顺性的影响。姚文杰等[3]通过建立刚性的多轴越野车辆模型, 对车辆的平顺性进行了分析。李景宇[4]通过建立多轴车刚性模型,分析了不同车轴刚度阻尼组合形式对整车平顺性的影响。刘维达等[5]建立了整车刚柔耦合动力学模型,运用响应面法对驾驶室悬置系统的刚度和阻尼系数进行了优化, 提高了车辆的舒适性。本文基于驾驶室与车架一体化设计方案, 对比分析不同驾驶室连接形式和不同驾驶室结构形式, 优化驾驶室方案, 开展整车平顺性研究。
多轴车辆采用了区别于以往传统结构的整体式车身结构, 该结构通过成型板材将车身分为上、中、下3层, 模块化装配车辆部件及上装设备。车厢外围板材既为车身连接承载部件又可直接构成上装设备安装空间。多轴车辆三维模型如图1所示。
将驾驶室三维模型导入ANSYS软件进行定义单元类型、材料属性及网格划分, 生成MNF中性文件导入软件中, 将车身与柔性驾驶室主节点进行连接, 并设置相应加速度测点, 建立刚柔耦合整车虚拟样机模型, 如图2所示。模型中还包含路面不平度和车速的路面模型、UA轮胎模型、油气悬架模型、激振台模型以及车身和座椅等模型, 部分模型参数通过样条曲线方式输入。
驾驶室经柔性化处理后, 其振动值相比于刚性体有所增大, 更接近真实车辆行驶工况。
运用滤波白噪声法分析车辆行驶时路面不平度和车速这两个因素, 得到了如下所示路面不平度时域表达式:
${\dot{Z}}_{\mathrm{g}}\left( t\right)= -{2\pi }{f}_{0}{z}_{\mathrm{g}}\left( t\right)+ {2\pi }{n}_{0}\sqrt{{G}_{\mathrm{q}}\left({n}_{0}\right) u}\omega \left( t\right)$
式中${\dot{Z}}_{\mathrm{g}}$为路面不平度时域;${f}_{0}$为下截止频率,单位$\mathrm{{Hz}}$;${z}_{\mathrm{g}}$为路面不平度位移,单位$\mathrm{m}$;${n}_{0}$为参考空间频率,${n}_{0}= {0.1}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{-1};{G}_{\mathrm{q}}\left({n}_{0}\right)$为路面不平度系数,单位${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$;$u$为车速,单位$\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s};\omega$为角频率,单位$\mathrm{{rad}}/\mathrm{s}$
搭建的时域路面仿真模型包括一个滤波白噪声、 两个增益器和一个积分器, 获得B级路面时域模型。 以${55}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$工况下的路面时域模型为例,其仿真结果如图3所示。
针对${55}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$${85}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$两种工况,对整车在$\mathrm{B}$级路面的空载和满载两种载重情况进行平顺性仿真, 分析不同连接形式和不同驾驶室结构对车辆平顺性的影响, 并依据ISO 2631-1: 1997 (E)对舒适性进行了评价。同时, 考虑椅面横向、垂向和纵向3个轴向振动时, 由于横向和纵向两个水平轴向比垂向方向更敏感,其加权系数取1.4,3个轴向的总加权加速度均方根值按下式计算:
${a}_{\mathrm{w}}= {\left\lbrack {\left({1.4}{a}_{x\mathrm{\;w}}\right)}^{2}+ {\left({1.4}{a}_{y\mathrm{\;w}}\right)}^{2}+ {a}_{z\mathrm{\;w}}^{2}\right\rbrack }^{\frac{1}{2}}$
式中${a}_{x\mathrm{w}}$为横向振动加速度;${a}_{y\mathrm{w}}$为垂向振动加速度;${a}_{z\mathrm{w}}$为纵向振动加速度。
驾驶室与车身的连接分为3种形式, 分别是直接固连、后方悬置以及后方和下方悬置, 如图4所示。 对驾驶室的3种不同的连接形式分别进行整车平顺性仿真, 悬置元件由BUSHING力代替, 能够承受车身对驾驶室3个方向的振动。加权加速度均方根值计算结果如图5所示。
结果表明, 直接固连方式的加权加速度均方根值要明显高于后方悬置以及后方和下方悬置这两种形式。因此, 若想简化结构, 取消驾驶室悬置, 采用直接固连, 实现车身一体化设计, 需要进一步开展驾驶室平顺性影响因素分析, 优化驾驶室结构设计, 解决车辆平顺性问题。
在保证驾驶室主要外形尺寸和质量变化不大的前提下,通过改变驾驶室框架杆件的结构形式, 获得4种不同的驾驶室结构方案。方案一和方案二采用直杆相连接; 方案三和方案四采用了带有斜支撑的桁架结构,不同驾驶室结构示意如图6~图9所示。驾驶室加权加速度均方根值计算结果如图10所示。
结果表明, 带有斜支撑的桁架结构能有效地降低车辆行驶时驾驶室的加权加速度均方根值, 提高驾驶室的舒适性。从图10可以看出, 方案四相比于方案二,${55}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$满载工况和${85}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$满载工况下加权加速度均方根值分别下降了17.75% 和14.8%,平顺性有显著的改善。此外, 对以上方案驾驶室进行约束模态分析, 一阶模态频率如表1所示。从表1中可以看出, 带有斜支撑桁架结构的驾驶室具有较高的一阶模态频率, 可以有效提高驾驶室的舒适性。
在驾驶室其他设计要素基本相同的前提下, 对驾驶室顶部的连通形式进行修改, 研究不同驾驶室连通形式对车辆平顺性的影响, 不同顶部连通形式示意如图11所示。驾驶室加权加速度均方根值计算结果如图12所示。
结果表明, 方案A加权加速度均方根值较低, 驾驶室舒适性更好。其原因为方案$\mathrm{A}$采用顶部不连通的结构, 在驾驶室左右两侧添加了更多的垂向支撑和斜支撑, 有利于提高驾驶室模态频率, 各方案驾驶室一阶模态频率如表2所示。从图12中可以看出, 方案$\mathrm{A}$在各工况下平顺性均优于其他方案,与方案$\mathrm{B}$相比,在${55}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$空载工况和${85}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$空载工况下加权加速度均方根值分别下降了46.58% 和35.8%,平顺性更好。
通过对驾驶室结构和驾驶室顶部连通形式的分析, 得出了平顺性较好的驾驶室结构和顶部形式。在此基础上, 针对优化后的方案, 采用驾驶室与车架直接固连的方式, 并考虑驾驶室座椅悬置系统和坐垫等弹性元件, 对车辆进行平顺性仿真, 以驾驶员座椅处的振动响应为评价依据,图13~14为各工况下垂向加速度仿真结果。
分析得出路面激励传递给车辆驾驶室驾驶员位置处的振动频率范围主要在$1 \sim 3\mathrm{{Hz}}$之间,${15}\mathrm{{Hz}}$以后振动幅值已经非常小,表3为加权加速度均方根值和舒适性评价。
结果表明, 通过优化驾驶室结构形式和顶部连通形式, 即使采用直接固连的方式, 车辆在空载和满载情况下的平顺性也得到了较大的改善, 中低速和高速工况驾驶员座椅处基本达到了没有不舒适的级别, 能够满足使用要求。
本文通过对多轴车辆的驾驶室连接方式、驾驶室结构形式和驾驶室顶部连通形式进行研究, 分析了车辆在B级路面分别以中低速和高速工况行驶时的平顺性, 得出了以下几点可供参考的结论:
a)带有斜支撑的桁架结构驾驶室能够有效降低车辆行驶时驾驶室的加权加速度均方根值, 平顺性更好, 具有较高的一阶模态频率, 能够有效改善驾驶室舒适性;
b)驾驶室采用顶部不连通的形式, 在驾驶室左右两侧添加更多的垂向支撑和斜支撑, 能有效提高驾驶室一阶模态频率, 降低加权加速度均方根值, 提高驾驶室平顺性;
c)即使在驾驶室与车架采用直接固连的情况下, 通过优化驾驶室结构形式和顶部连通形式, 车辆的平顺性也能够得到较大的改善, 中低速和高速工况驾驶员座椅处基本达到了没有不舒服的级别, 采用驾驶室直接固连方式有利于实现车身一体化设计, 简化结构,可以继续开展深入研究。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240211
  • 接收时间:2020-09-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-25
  • 修回日期:2020-12-20
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    北京航天发射技术研究所,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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