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Article(id=1261021851011113028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1261021842173714450, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260203, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735660800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-01, revisedDate=1748448000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778580637934, onlineDateStr=2026-05-12, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778580637934, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778580637934, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778580637934, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261021842173714450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2026', volume='49', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778580635827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778581006660, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261023397702676951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1261021842173714450, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261023397702676952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1261021842173714450, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=20, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261021853586415703, articleId=1261021851011113028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Research on High Temperature Environment Adaptability of Attitude Control Solenoid Valve, columnId=1154057566893105509, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Propulsion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the high temperature environment of the attitude control solenoid valve, the affected performance of the valve is simulated and analyzed. At the same time, the high temperature experiment of the valve is carried out. The results of simulation analysis and high temperature experiment indicate that the moving distance of the armature reduced due to the Non-metallic expansion of the core at high temperature, which causes the valve unable to open normally. And with the swelling effect of the oxidant to the core, the reliable operation temperature of oxidant valve is lower than fuel valve. By taking measures of enlarging the moving distance and replacing the core material to PFA, the high temperature environmental adaptability of the solenoid valve is improved.

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针对某姿控电磁阀所处的高温环境，对电磁阀主要受影响性能进行仿真分析，并开展电磁阀的高温环境试验，通过仿真分析及高温试验得到：高温环境下，阀芯非金属变形膨胀导致衔铁运动行程减小甚至无行程，电磁阀无法正常工作；氧化剂对阀芯氟塑料FEP有一定的溶胀效应，导致氧化剂路电磁阀可靠工作温度低于燃料路电磁阀。通过采取增大衔铁运动行程和采用PFA材料阀芯的措施，能够提高电磁阀的高温环境适应性。

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庞末红（1989—），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

宋志琼（1993—），男，工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

杨伦奎（1971—），男，研究员，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机技术。

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庞末红（1989—），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

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庞末红（1989—），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

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宋志琼（1993—），男，工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

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宋志琼（1993—），男，工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

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杨伦奎（1971—），男，研究员，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机技术。

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杨伦奎（1971—），男，研究员，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机技术。

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Maximum withstand temperature of key materials

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零组件名称材料最高承受温度/℃
衔铁非金属氟塑料FEP140
线圈及衔铁软磁合金1J117670
线圈、阀座不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti700
线圈漆包线200
引出线200
弹簧不锈钢丝300
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主要材料最高承受温度

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零组件名称材料最高承受温度/℃
衔铁非金属氟塑料FEP140
线圈及衔铁软磁合金1J117670
线圈、阀座不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti700
线圈漆包线200
引出线200
弹簧不锈钢丝300
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Relationship between mechanical properties of FEP and temperature

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指标数值
温度/℃-196-7820200235
断裂强度/MPa72.5~73.538~4017.6~22.53.9~4.92.9~3.4
断裂伸长率/%4~535~40250~350200~250150~250
), ArticleFig(id=1261364819857367241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851011113028, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

FEP机械性能与温度之间的关系

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指标数值
温度/℃-196-7820200235
断裂强度/MPa72.5~73.538~4017.6~22.53.9~4.92.9~3.4
断裂伸长率/%4~535~40250~350200~250150~250
), ArticleFig(id=1261364819987390666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851011113028, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Relationship between compressive stress of FEP and temperature

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温度/℃应力/MPa
2%的变形5%的变形破坏
209.615.919.6
1001.73.76.2
2000.51.42.1
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FEP压缩应力与温度之间的关系

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温度/℃应力/MPa
2%的变形5%的变形破坏
209.615.919.6
1001.73.76.2
2000.51.42.1
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Statistical results of high-temperature oxidant immersion tests

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温度/℃维持时间/s试验结果
803 6004台电磁阀均工作正常，流量与常温一致
906003台电磁阀未打开，出口无流量输出
3 6001台电磁阀工作正常，出口流量降低约7.7%
100600剩余1台电磁阀未打开，出口无流量输出
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高温氧化剂浸泡试验结果统计

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温度/℃维持时间/s试验结果
803 6004台电磁阀均工作正常，流量与常温一致
906003台电磁阀未打开，出口无流量输出
3 6001台电磁阀工作正常，出口流量降低约7.7%
100600剩余1台电磁阀未打开，出口无流量输出
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Statistical results of high-temperature fuel immersion tests

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温度/℃维持时间/s试验结果
80~1003 6004台电磁阀均工作正常，流量与常温一致
1106001台电磁阀未打开，出口无流量输出
3 6003台电磁阀工作正常，出口流量降低约8.6%~11.7%
120600剩余3台电磁阀均未打开，出口无流量输出
), ArticleFig(id=1261364820549427407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851011113028, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

高温燃料浸泡试验结果统计

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温度/℃维持时间/s试验结果
80~1003 6004台电磁阀均工作正常，流量与常温一致
1106001台电磁阀未打开，出口无流量输出
3 6003台电磁阀工作正常，出口流量降低约8.6%~11.7%
120600剩余3台电磁阀均未打开，出口无流量输出
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Historical statistics of maximum solenoid valve temperatures during test runs

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试车代号

氧化剂电磁阀

最高温度/℃

燃料电磁阀

最高温度/℃

电磁阀工作情况备注
X00193.993.5工作正常

每套系统分别包含

8台氧化剂路电磁阀

和8台燃料路电磁阀

X00293.274.5工作正常
X00387.984.3工作正常
X00487.280.9工作正常
X00596.594.5工作正常
X006103.6~133.6124打不开
88.6~95.483.5~111.5工作正常
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历次试车电磁阀最高温度统计

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试车代号

氧化剂电磁阀

最高温度/℃

燃料电磁阀

最高温度/℃

电磁阀工作情况备注
X00193.993.5工作正常

每套系统分别包含

8台氧化剂路电磁阀

和8台燃料路电磁阀

X00293.274.5工作正常
X00387.984.3工作正常
X00487.280.9工作正常
X00596.594.5工作正常
X006103.6~133.6124打不开
88.6~95.483.5~111.5工作正常
), ArticleFig(id=1261364820822057170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1261021851011113028, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Comparison table of material performance parameters for FEP and PFA

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指标FEPPFA
熔点/℃270302~310
拉伸强度/MPa19~2227~35
拉伸回弹率/MPa343451
弯曲回弹率/MPa539~637647~686
硬度D55D60
承载变形/%100 ℃52.4
25 ℃32.7
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FEP和PFA材料性能参数对比

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指标FEPPFA
熔点/℃270302~310
拉伸强度/MPa19~2227~35
拉伸回弹率/MPa343451
弯曲回弹率/MPa539~637647~686
硬度D55D60
承载变形/%100 ℃52.4
25 ℃32.7
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姿控电磁阀高温环境适应性研究
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庞末红 , 宋志琼 , 杨伦奎
导弹与航天运载技术（中英文） | 动力系统 2026,49(2): 20-26
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导弹与航天运载技术（中英文） | 动力系统 2026, 49(2): 20-26
姿控电磁阀高温环境适应性研究
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庞末红, 宋志琼, 杨伦奎
作者信息
  • 北京航天动力研究所，北京，100076

    • 庞末红（1989—），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

    宋志琼（1993—），男，工程师，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机阀门技术。

    杨伦奎（1971—），男，研究员，主要研究方向为轨姿控发动机技术。

Research on High Temperature Environment Adaptability of Attitude Control Solenoid Valve
Mohong PANG, Zhiqiong SONG, Lunkui YANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Beijing, 100076
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260203
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摘要
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针对某姿控电磁阀所处的高温环境，对电磁阀主要受影响性能进行仿真分析，并开展电磁阀的高温环境试验，通过仿真分析及高温试验得到：高温环境下，阀芯非金属变形膨胀导致衔铁运动行程减小甚至无行程，电磁阀无法正常工作；氧化剂对阀芯氟塑料FEP有一定的溶胀效应，导致氧化剂路电磁阀可靠工作温度低于燃料路电磁阀。通过采取增大衔铁运动行程和采用PFA材料阀芯的措施，能够提高电磁阀的高温环境适应性。

姿控电磁阀  /  高温  /  阀芯  /  行程  /  适应性

Aiming at the high temperature environment of the attitude control solenoid valve, the affected performance of the valve is simulated and analyzed. At the same time, the high temperature experiment of the valve is carried out. The results of simulation analysis and high temperature experiment indicate that the moving distance of the armature reduced due to the Non-metallic expansion of the core at high temperature, which causes the valve unable to open normally. And with the swelling effect of the oxidant to the core, the reliable operation temperature of oxidant valve is lower than fuel valve. By taking measures of enlarging the moving distance and replacing the core material to PFA, the high temperature environmental adaptability of the solenoid valve is improved.

attitude control solenoid valve  /  high temperature  /  core  /  moving distance  /  adaptability
庞末红, 宋志琼, 杨伦奎. 姿控电磁阀高温环境适应性研究. 导弹与航天运载技术（中英文）, 2026 , 49 (2) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260203
Mohong PANG, Zhiqiong SONG, Lunkui YANG. Research on High Temperature Environment Adaptability of Attitude Control Solenoid Valve[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2026 , 49 (2) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260203
正文
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0 引言
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直动式电磁阀是一种利用电磁线圈通电激磁产生电磁吸力，直接驱动阀芯、控制阀门打开和关闭的机构［1-3］，被广泛应用于姿控发动机中。一般1台姿控发动机配套2台姿控电磁阀，分别控制氧化剂和燃料的输出，通过电磁阀的打开和关闭，将推进剂输送到推力室或断流，实现发动机的开机与关机。作为发动机的控制机构，电磁阀能否正常工作直接决定飞行任务的成功与否［4-5］。
对某姿轨控动力系统进行热仿真分析时，发现姿控电磁阀上温度高达110 ℃，由于电磁阀内部含有多种非金属材料，该温度已接近某些材料的使用极限，并且高温环境影响电磁阀的性能，进而影响电磁阀正常工作。因此本文对该姿控电磁阀进行高温环境适应性分析，首先利用仿真软件对高温环境下主要受影响的性能进行仿真计算，然后对电磁阀开展高温环境试验和发动机试验，通过试验结果分析得到高温环境下影响电磁阀正常工作的主要因素，并提出适应高温环境的改进措施，为后续其他需要在高温环境下工作的电磁阀提供设计参考。
1 电磁阀结构及高温影响分析
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1.1 电磁阀结构
典型的姿控电磁阀结构如图1所示，结构为直动式电磁阀，主要由衔铁、挡铁、阀座、弹簧和线圈组成，通过给线圈通、断电，控制衔铁的吸合与释放，从而实现电磁阀的打开与关闭。
该电磁阀的阀口为非金属与金属配合的密封副结构，其中非金属内嵌在衔铁内，材料选用氟塑料FEP，其可短时耐受140 ℃，超过140 ℃变形严重，熔点约为288 ℃［6-7］，电磁阀其他零件选用材料及其耐受温度见表1，最低为200 ℃，从表1中可看出电磁阀热仿真温度110 ℃已接近FEP的耐受温度，相对来说，其他材料的耐受温度与热仿真温度相差较远。
1.2 高温环境影响分析
电磁阀在高温环境下工作，主要受影响的性能有以下两个方面：
a）电磁阀阀口为硬-软密封结构，阀口非金属材料为氟塑料FEP，在高温环境及一定的负荷下会产生热变形膨胀，阀口非金属变形膨胀会导致衔铁运动行程减小甚至无行程，电磁阀无法正常工作，进而导致发动机工作异常。
b）高温环境下线圈电阻会增大，电压不变的情况下，线圈电流减小，线圈磁势（电流与线圈匝数乘积）降低，由于电磁吸力与线圈磁势成正比［8-9］，因此，温度越高衔铁受到的吸力越小，导致电磁阀打开响应变慢，甚至因吸力不足造成无法打开的问题。
1.3 电流曲线理论依据
电磁阀工作典型电流曲线［10］如图2所示。励磁线圈是感性元件，线圈通电后，电流一般会遵循指数规律从零增大，与此同时，作用在衔铁上的吸力增加，当吸力增大至衔铁所受到的负载力时，衔铁开始朝挡铁方向运动，衔铁运动切割磁力线，会产生反电动势，致使电流急速下降，直到衔铁与挡铁吸合，之后电流按照新的指数曲线增至最大电流。图2中t0为衔铁开始运动的时刻，称为触动时间；t1为衔铁吸合的时刻，称为吸合时间。通常将电流曲线上触动到吸合这段时间的电流曲线走势称为“涡”。
2 仿真分析
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根据前文高温环境对电磁阀性能的影响分析，利用有限元软件分别对阀口非金属变形以及高温下的吸力进行仿真计算。
2.1 高温下阀口非金属变形仿真
氟塑料FEP为典型的热塑性高分子材料，力学行为复杂，具有超弹性响应、塑性变形以及应力软化效应，根据文献［11］~［12］，氟塑料FEP在不同温度下的拉伸和压缩性能见表2和表3，拟合得到氟塑料的超弹本构模型如图3所示。
由于电磁阀阀口非金属对高温环境较为敏感，因此利用有限元仿真软件［13-16］对非金属变形进行仿真计算，建立衔铁与阀座装配结构模型，将计算的边界条件设置为衔铁受到的轴向力8.4 N，液腔压力5 MPa，仿真得到常温下衔铁上的非金属变形云图如图4所示，将环境温度设置为130 ℃进行力热耦合仿真，得到非金属的变形云图如图5所示，仿真结果显示：常温下非金属变形量最大为0.018 mm；130 ℃时非金属最大变形量为0.075 mm，密封环内、外侧均有凸起，并且从云图中可看出由于膨胀变形衔铁向挡铁方向移动了0.079 mm。该电磁阀行程约0.1~0.13 mm，因此130 ℃时考虑力和热影响的情况下非金属膨胀变形将会导致阀门的行程减小60.8%~79%，阀门出口流量大幅减小，将会严重影响发动机正常工作。
2.2 高温下的吸力仿真
高温环境下电磁阀电阻增大、电压不变的情况下，计算得到80 ℃至140 ℃时的线圈磁势为254~213.1安匝，利用Ansoft有限元仿真软件［17-18］对各温度下衔铁所受的电磁吸力进行仿真，吸力随温度变化的曲线如图6所示，温度越高，安匝数越小，吸力也越小，在140 ℃时（对应磁势为213.1安匝）电磁吸力为19.7 N，为衔铁所受负载力的2.35倍，吸力仍具有足够的安全系数。
2.3 小结
通过以上仿真分析得到，高温环境会导致阀口非金属变形膨胀，对电磁阀的行程影响较大，会造成电磁阀的输出流量大幅降低，但高温下电磁阀的吸力仍具有足够的安全系数，因此高温下对电磁阀性能影响最大的因素为阀口非金属变形造成衔铁运动行程减小。
3 高温试验及结果分析
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3.1 高温推进剂试验
为得到高温环境下电磁阀在真实介质状态下的性能，分别抽取4台电磁阀开展了高温环境下介质为氧化剂和燃料的浸泡试验，试验系统见图7，将地面贮箱的氧化剂或燃料填充到阀前，贮箱增压压力为5 MPa，将温箱温度以10 ℃为一个阶梯从80 ℃开始升高，每个温度点稳定10 min后，每5 min按照试验程序对电磁阀进行动作测试，各温度点保持60 min后进行后续温度点的试验，试验中采集电磁阀的电流、流量和进出口压力曲线，通过各曲线综合判断电磁阀是否正常工作，高温推进剂试验结果见表4和表5。
试验结果分析如下：
a）高温氧化剂试验：通过表4总结得到，该电磁阀在高温氧化剂试验中可靠工作温度不超过80 ℃，超过80 ℃电磁阀存在打不开或出口流量降低的情况。
b）高温燃料试验：通过表5分析得出，该电磁阀在高温燃料试验中可靠工作温度不超过100 ℃，超过100 ℃电磁阀将无法正常工作，出口流量降低或无流量输出。
c）试验过程中发现当温度升高时，电磁阀运动的触动电流呈降低趋势，吸合时间变短，数据如图8所示。根据前文的分析，当电磁阀的行程不变时，温度升高会导致电磁阀的吸力下降，进而导致吸合时间变长，而此处现象却相反，因此可推断出该姿控电磁阀在温度升高时，行程在逐渐减小，导致气隙处的磁感应强度增大，衔铁受到的吸力增大，触动电流降低，吸合时间变短。当衔铁行程逐步减小至无运动行程时，电磁阀无法打开，电流曲线无“涡”，出口无压力和流量输出，工作异常的电流曲线如图9所示，能明显看出电流上升过程中有触动的趋势，表明电磁吸力足够，但电流上升过程中无涡存在，表明衔铁未动作，阀未打开。因此高温环境下电磁阀无法正常工作的原因为高温下阀口非金属变形膨胀，衔铁运动行程减小甚至无行程。
d）试验中发现随温箱温度下降，电磁阀出口压力和流量逐步恢复，电流曲线出现“涡”，表明随温度降低，阀口非金属氟塑料膨胀变形减小，衔铁运动行程由无到有，有恢复趋势。
根据试验结果得到，电磁阀高温燃料浸泡试验比氧化剂试验最高可靠工作温度高20 ℃，在同样的温度下，以100 ℃为例，介质为燃料时，4台电磁阀阀口非金属氟塑料的膨胀变形较小，电磁阀能可靠工作，介质为氧化剂的4台电磁阀阀口非金属膨胀变形严重，导致电磁阀无运动行程，出口无流量输出。从试验结果可看出，高温环境下氧化剂对氟塑料有一定的溶胀效应［19］，导致介质为氧化剂的阀口膨胀变形比燃料严重，相同的温度下衔铁运动行程比燃料小。
3.2 发动机地面试验
该姿控电磁阀目前已参加过多次动力系统地面试验，历次试验电磁阀最高温度统计见表6。从表6中可看出，氧化剂路电磁阀工作正常的最高温度为96.5 ℃，燃料路电磁阀工作正常的最高温度为111.5 ℃，氧化剂路电磁阀打开异常的最低温度为103.6 ℃，燃料路打开异常的温度为124 ℃。电磁阀正常工作的最高温度均超过高温推进剂浸泡试验中的电磁阀可靠打开的最高温度，具体原因为发动机地面试验过程中，贮箱内的常温推进剂在不断补给，电磁阀阀口处的温度存在梯度，在开机过程中常温推进剂对非金属起到一定的冷却作用，而在高温推进剂浸泡试验中，试验条件更为严苛，因此发动机地面试验中电磁阀的工作正常温度超过高温推进剂试验中的电磁阀可靠工作温度。
3.3 试后产品检查
对历次试验后的电磁阀进行检查，发现衔铁运动行程均大于试验前的行程，表明恢复常温后非金属氟塑料膨胀变形减小，在负荷的作用下密封环处压痕变深，行程变大。
分解后发现阀口非金属密封面的三维形貌如图10所示，以金属面为基准，密封环内侧和外侧均有凸起，外侧凸起更为明显，密封环处压痕较深，非金属变形量及电磁阀承受的最高温度数据统计见图11，考虑到测量误差及产品个别差异性，基本趋势为：温度越高，非金属变形越大。
3.4 小结
通过试验结果分析得到，高温下主要影响电磁阀正常工作的因素是高温环境下阀口非金属氟塑料膨胀变形，温度越高，变形越严重，导致衔铁运动行程减小甚至无行程，进而造成电磁阀出口流量降低甚至无流量输出。并且由于氧化剂对阀芯氟塑料FEP有一定的溶胀效应，氧化剂路电磁阀阀口非金属膨胀变形比燃料路电磁阀严重，可靠工作温度低于燃料路电磁阀。
4 提高电磁阀高温环境适应性的措施与验证
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根据前文的分析结果，提出提高该姿控电磁阀高温环境适应性的措施如下：
a）改进阀口非金属材料。
上海空间推进研究所王立君等对耐高温阀芯密封材料进行了深入的研究［20］，发现PFA材料适于用作高温电磁阀的阀芯密封材料，此材料的阀芯通过了高温135 ℃的试验验证，PFA与FEP材料性能对比见表7。本文涉及的姿控电磁阀也将阀芯非金属材料更换为PFA后进行了相关试验，试验结果显示，阀芯非金属为PFA的电磁阀在110~130 ℃高温试验中，出口流量为阀芯为FEP的电磁阀的2~3倍，表明阀口非金属材料为PFA的电磁阀高温环境适应性更好。
b）增加衔铁运动行程。
由于导致电磁阀无法正常工作的直接原因为衔铁运动行程减小甚至无行程，因此可在满足吸力及其他性能要求的前提下适当加大衔铁运动行程。该姿控电磁阀的初始设计行程为0.11~0.13 mm，为验证该措施，将行程增大至0.21~0.22 mm，并开展了高温氧化剂和燃料浸泡试验，氧化剂路电磁阀可靠工作最高温度由80 ℃升高至90 ℃，燃料路电磁阀可靠工作最高温度由100 ℃升高至140 ℃，表明增加衔铁运动行程可提高电磁阀高温下的工作可靠性，且燃料路可靠工作温度提高显著，氧化剂路电磁阀由于溶胀效应提高有限，可在满足其他性能的条件下进一步加大衔铁运动行程。
5 结论
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本文对高温下工作的姿控电磁阀进行了环境适应性研究，利用有限元仿真软件对高温环境影响的因素进行了仿真计算，开展了高温推进剂试验，并对动力系统地面试验中电磁阀工作温度进行了分析，针对高温影响因素提出改进措施并进行了试验验证，综合得出以下结论：
a）在高温环境下，阀口非金属氟塑料膨胀变形导致衔铁运动行程减小甚至无行程是影响电磁阀正常工作的主要因素，高温下电磁吸力仍具有足够的安全系数。仿真计算得到的非金属膨胀变形量比试验结果小的原因为仿真计算为理想状态，且未考虑推进剂溶胀效应，可作为定性结果参考。
b）高温环境下，氧化剂对氟塑料具有一定的溶胀效应，导致介质为氧化剂的电磁阀最高可靠工作温度比燃料路电磁阀低约20~40 ℃。
c）可通过将阀芯非金属材料更换为PFA以及增大衔铁运动行程来提高姿控电磁阀的高温环境适应性，为后续高温环境下工作的电磁阀提供设计参考。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20260203
  • 接收时间：2025-01-01
  • 首发时间：2026-05-12
  • 出版时间：2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-01
  • 修回日期：2025-05-29
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    北京航天动力研究所，北京，100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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