Article(id=1220368083303186587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1220368072699986922, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250609, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751644800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-05, revisedDate=1764518400000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768888024402, onlineDateStr=2026-01-20, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768888024402, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768888024402, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768888024402, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1220368072699986922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2025', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768888021873, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768888582821, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1220370425566118679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1220368072699986922, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1220370425570312984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1220368072699986922, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=59, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1220368083768754355, articleId=1220368083303186587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=A Study on Optimal Compensation Design for Spacecraft in Presence of Periodic-disturbance, columnId=1154057567841014343, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Guidance, Navigation and Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Periodic-disturbance may cause serious effects on spacecraft. The attenuation of them is demanded. A fundamental study on the optimal design of constant compensations against periodic disturbance for meteorological satellites is investigated. An analytical solution about the relationship between the frequency and amplitude ratios and the response of a typical second order vibration system is firstly derived. The compensate and disturbance torques are determined according to practical engineering. The criterions for designing the optimal compensations are based on the analytical results. Then the criterions are applied on the flexible spacecraft actuated by constant control torque in the presence of sustained periodic disturbance. The optimal compensate torque parameters for spacecraft is acquired draw on the former criterions. Its compensation effectiveness is provided and compared with results of other selections in frequency ratio domain and amplitude ratio domain. Numerical simulation results and experimental results clearly demonstrate the good performance of proposed design in periodic disturbance compensation. This work provides a significant reference for the vibration attenuation of meteorological satellites in the present of periodic-disturbance.

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随着载荷对飞行器平台姿态精度要求的提高,周期性干扰对高精度飞行器平台造成的影响日益凸显,对残余振动的抑制需求日益强烈,针对该问题开展了对周期性干扰的振动抑制策略设计方法及柔性附件残余振动控制方法研究。首先,构建了柔性飞行器平台动力学模型,给出了系统频率和幅值比的量化表征关系。基于工程可实现性确定了干扰力矩和补偿力矩形式。基于量化表征关系完成了最优补偿准则设计及分析,在搭载恒定控制力矩的飞行器平台上对该准则进行了应用,基于最优补偿准则,获取了残余振动控制参数,实现了对持续性周期干扰下残余振动的控制。通过数值仿真和试验分析验证了所提方法的有效性。

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徐世杰(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

刘晓(1993—),女,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

赵亮博(1992—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

王林林(1987—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

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OXYZ—惯性坐标系;oxy—固定在柔性板与转台边缘交界处的柔性体坐标系;θt—平台转角;yx,tx处质点的位移量;ΩΩm—刚性平台和偏心质量的转动角速度。

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figureFileBig=f/HIWY9t9KwoW4+Wy9OpWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220368097689649638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1220368083303186587, language=CN, label=图8, caption=工况3柔性板端部加速度, figureFileSmall=2/JEFlPffXnhkrWzbgGYow==, figureFileBig=f/HIWY9t9KwoW4+Wy9OpWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220368097765147115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1220368083303186587, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Measured accelerations of flexible beam tip in 3 cases, figureFileSmall=IHWzwDIfVsrSvPb+nmT6EA==, figureFileBig=JtN5v3DCmGgUTaziKEvS2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220368097878393326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1220368083303186587, language=CN, label=图9, caption=3种工况下端部加速度测量值与仿真值对比, figureFileSmall=IHWzwDIfVsrSvPb+nmT6EA==, figureFileBig=JtN5v3DCmGgUTaziKEvS2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220368098050359795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1220368083303186587, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Tip acceleration amplitude with different frequency and amplitude ratios

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频率比加速度/(m·s-2)
β=0.6β=0.8β=1
0.60.0200.0250.041
0.90.0430.0460.072
1.30.0180.0230.037
), ArticleFig(id=1220368098146828789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1220368083303186587, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同频率比和幅值比下柔性板端部加速度幅值

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频率比加速度/(m·s-2)
β=0.6β=0.8β=1
0.60.0200.0250.041
0.90.0430.0460.072
1.30.0180.0230.037
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周期性干扰下柔性飞行器平台振动抑制策略研究
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徐世杰 , 刘晓 , 赵亮博 , 王林林
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 导航、制导与控制 2025,48(6): 59-64
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 导航、制导与控制 2025, 48(6): 59-64
周期性干扰下柔性飞行器平台振动抑制策略研究
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徐世杰, 刘晓, 赵亮博, 王林林
作者信息
  • 北京航天长征飞行器研究所,北京,100076
  • 徐世杰(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

    刘晓(1993—),女,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

    赵亮博(1992—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

    王林林(1987—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为小型飞行器设计。

A Study on Optimal Compensation Design for Spacecraft in Presence of Periodic-disturbance
Shijie XU, Xiao LIU, Liangbo ZHAO, Linlin WANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing, 100076
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250609
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随着载荷对飞行器平台姿态精度要求的提高,周期性干扰对高精度飞行器平台造成的影响日益凸显,对残余振动的抑制需求日益强烈,针对该问题开展了对周期性干扰的振动抑制策略设计方法及柔性附件残余振动控制方法研究。首先,构建了柔性飞行器平台动力学模型,给出了系统频率和幅值比的量化表征关系。基于工程可实现性确定了干扰力矩和补偿力矩形式。基于量化表征关系完成了最优补偿准则设计及分析,在搭载恒定控制力矩的飞行器平台上对该准则进行了应用,基于最优补偿准则,获取了残余振动控制参数,实现了对持续性周期干扰下残余振动的控制。通过数值仿真和试验分析验证了所提方法的有效性。

柔性飞行器平台  /  周期性干扰抑制  /  最优控制策略设计  /  振动抑制  /  飞轮

Periodic-disturbance may cause serious effects on spacecraft. The attenuation of them is demanded. A fundamental study on the optimal design of constant compensations against periodic disturbance for meteorological satellites is investigated. An analytical solution about the relationship between the frequency and amplitude ratios and the response of a typical second order vibration system is firstly derived. The compensate and disturbance torques are determined according to practical engineering. The criterions for designing the optimal compensations are based on the analytical results. Then the criterions are applied on the flexible spacecraft actuated by constant control torque in the presence of sustained periodic disturbance. The optimal compensate torque parameters for spacecraft is acquired draw on the former criterions. Its compensation effectiveness is provided and compared with results of other selections in frequency ratio domain and amplitude ratio domain. Numerical simulation results and experimental results clearly demonstrate the good performance of proposed design in periodic disturbance compensation. This work provides a significant reference for the vibration attenuation of meteorological satellites in the present of periodic-disturbance.

flexible spacecraft  /  periodic disturbance compensation  /  compensate torque design  /  vibration attenuation  /  reaction wheel
徐世杰, 刘晓, 赵亮博, 王林林. 周期性干扰下柔性飞行器平台振动抑制策略研究. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (6) : 59 -64 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250609
Shijie XU, Xiao LIU, Liangbo ZHAO, Linlin WANG. A Study on Optimal Compensation Design for Spacecraft in Presence of Periodic-disturbance[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (6) : 59 -64 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250609
随着航天技术提升,对天基柔性平台姿态精度要求越来越高。为保证高精度姿态稳定,平台必须满足对姿态精度的严格要求1-3。然而,来自天基平台设备的周期性干扰使其姿态难以保持稳定。如微波成像仪的应用,虽然极大地提高了图像清晰度,但其周期性转动也为天基平台姿态稳定带来了影响4-6。此外,柔性附件低阻尼、轻质等特点也使天基平台容易受到由周期干扰引起的振动的影响7。因此,周期性持续扰动和振动的抑制对天基平台至关重要。
执行器方面,相比于姿控发动机,动量轮因其不消耗推进剂、能够产生连续和精确力矩等优势被广泛使用8-9。目前大多数研究重点分析了控制方法,如自适应控制10-12、滑模变结构控制13-14等,但这些复杂的控制输出力矩在实际工程中难以实现。对于已知周期性扰动规律的天基平台来说,复杂的控制方法会加重系统的复杂度。因此,恒定输出的动量轮是抑制周期性扰动力矩的最实用和最佳途径,但当前针对补偿力矩设计及效果分析的研究很少。
提高天基平台姿态精度的另一种方法是对柔性附件残余振动的主动抑制。过去的几十年中,智能材料已被应用于消除残余振动15-17,但这些执行器和传感器改变了结构特性,寻找一种简单有效的连续补偿力矩来减弱柔性附件的振动最为可行。然而,关于天基平台补偿力矩选择与减振效果之间关系的直接研究还很少。本文根据天基平台的要求和实际限制,采用动量轮给定的阶跃力矩补偿正弦周期扰动,引入频率比和幅度比两个重要参数,以典型的二阶振动系统和柔性航天器系统为研究对象,通过解析方法开展最佳补偿力矩和振动抑制效果研究,选取残余振动为干扰抑制效果的标准。为了验证所提出策略的有效性,给出了仿真分析,形成两个比率的选择与干扰抑制有效性之间的关系。此外,为验证方法有效性,采用单轴气浮台开展了试验验证。
为了突出对周期干扰引起振动的抑制效果研究,将柔性飞行器平台模型简化。本研究以单轴气浮转台模拟柔性飞行器平台,通过仿真及试验验证周期性干扰抑制方法的有效性。飞轮驱动的单轴气浮平台(Single-axis Gas Suspending Rotary Table, SGSRT)系统示意如图1所示。
图1所示系统主要由刚性平台和柔性板组成。刚性梁固定在平台柔性板对立一侧。偏心质量以刚性梁端部为圆心以恒定的角速度旋转,提供持续性周期干扰。动量轮转轴与平台转轴重合。假设柔性板是欧拉-伯努利梁。采用牛顿-欧拉方法建立了柔性飞行器的矢量动力学数学模型,动力学系统矢量数学模型最终表述为
Jθ¨+δη¨+WmΩm2=TδTθ¨+η¨+Cη˙+Kη=0
式中 J为刚性平台绕转轴转动惯量;θ˙为系统转动角速率;δ为转动与振动的耦合系数矩阵;η为模态坐标向量;W表示偏心质量运动对系统的影响;T为控制力矩; CK 分别为阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵。假设动量轮为能够输出理想力矩的设备。
典型的二阶振动系统具有可解析的优势,在本文研究中将作为辅助研究手段一并进行应用。典型二阶振动系统模型为
mx¨+cx˙+kx=F
式中 m为系统质量;c为系统阻尼;k为系统刚度;F为系统所受作用力。设定典型二阶系统固有频率为ωu,阻尼系数为ξ
首先以典型的二阶振动系统为对象,来分析周期性扰动补偿策略的有效性。根据工程实际,采用正弦扰动和阶跃补偿的形式。假设两种周期性干扰力,F1F2作用在典型二阶振动系统,可表示为
mx¨+cx˙+kx=F1+F2
其中,
F1=B,2jπωft<2j+1πωf-B,2j+1πωft<2j+1πωf,B0,j=0,1,2,
F2=-Asinωft, A0
式中 ωfF1F2的固有频率;AB是正弦力和阶跃力的幅值。
周期性阶跃力F1可表示为傅里叶级数为
F1=a02+n=1ancosnωft+bnsinnωft
在级数中,基础谐波幅值最大,可推得式(3)右边可以表达为
F1+F2=4Bπ-Asinωft+4Bπ13sin3ωft+15sin5ωft+
引入参数“幅值比”,幅值比可表达为β=BA,将式(7)代入式(3),可得:
mx¨+cx˙+kx=i=1Pisin2i-1ωft
求解上式并代入零初始条件,对零初始条件,可解为
xt=i=1Qie-ζωutsinφicosωdt+ωuωdζsinφi-λ2i-1cosφisinωdt+Qisin2i-1ωft-φi
式中 ωd=ωu1-ξ2λ=ωuωf为频率比。
式(9)x处最终的位移表达式。由于阻尼因素影响,式(9)的第一行将逐渐衰减,当系统稳定时,位移仅保留第二行。位移与频率比和幅度比取值密切相关,基波谐波在补偿力设计中至关重要。通过解析分析,本文提出最佳幅值比应选为3/π
考虑不同频率比和幅值比取值,在Matlab的Simulation中对残余振动进行计算分析。设定其固有频率和阻尼为ωsp=0.9ζsp=0.01/ωsp。其中,下标sp表示质量-弹簧系统。正弦干扰幅值A选定为1。幅值比取值范围选定为0.3至1,频率比取值选定为0.3至3。将柔性梁自由端振动作为振动抑制效果标准。不同取值条件下仿真分析结果如图2所示。
图2可以看出,振动变化规律与位移结果变化趋势基本一致。除此之外,加速度值在不同的频率比下变化均匀。残余振动在每个频率比处具有最小值的规律也非常明显,特别是对于大于1的频率比。最小值大约在幅度比范围的中心。
图3a3b是部分幅值比域内的仿真结果,可以看出每条曲线存在最小值,但是并非所有曲线最小值都在相同β处。当频率比大于1时,幅值最小值出现在幅值比0.75处;当频率比小于1时,所选范围内随着幅值比降低,曲线数值提升。浮窗中数据表明,对比部分频率比,其振动幅值最小值出现在0.25附近。通过仿真分析可得,存在最优幅值比和频率比组合。整体来说,最佳幅值比取值范围大约为0.6至0.7。同时,为避免共振,频率比须避免在0.3和1。
根据前述分析结果,一定条件下阶跃控制力矩能够应用于对周期性干扰引起的振动的控制。为证明补偿力矩在柔性飞行器残余振动抑制方面的有效性,给出了数值仿真分析及测试试验。采用式(1)中简化的柔性航天器模型,给出不同频率和幅值比组合下的残余振动抑制情况。作用力矩为
T=T1+T2
T1由理想动量轮提供,T2由周期运动的偏心质量块提供,其表达式为
T1=U,2jπωmt<2j+1πωm-U,2j+1πωmt<2j+1πωm, U0, j=0,1,2,
T2=-WmΩm2
Wm=Pmσmsinωmtmm
式中 σm为偏心半径;ωm为力矩频率;mm为质量块质量;Pm为关于偏心质量块位置的定常参数,是偏心质量到刚性梁端点的水平距离。进一步化简有:
Jθ¨+δη¨=i=1Pisin2i-1ωmtδTθ¨+η¨+Cη˙+Kη=0
其中,
Pi=4β-ππΩm2Pmσmmm,i=14Ωm2Pmσmmmβ2i-1π,i=2,3,4,
β=UΩm2Pmσmmm
式(14)中的第一式代入第二式可得:
I3-δTδJη¨+Cη˙+Kη=-δTJi=1Pisin2i-1ωmt
本节直接给出仿真分析结果,部分参数是根据本研究中试验设备实测获得,其他参数是通过数值计算而来。刚性平台转动惯量为J=15 kg·m2,振动阻尼比ζ1=ζ2=ζ3=0.05,固有频率为ωn1=2.11 rad/s, ωn2=13.28 rad/s, ωn3=37.15 rad/s,耦合矩阵为δ=2.650.540.21 kg·m2。在模拟中,旋转偏心块的质量为mm=0.4 kg,其偏心半径为σm=0.08 m,系统状态初始化为零。
正弦干扰产生的最大值将依据频率比变动而在一定范围内波动。频率比范围取0.3至3.2,幅值比范围设定为0.3至1。在不同频率比和幅值比组合下,柔性板端部残余振动情况通过Matlab计算得出。仿真分析结果如图4所示。
图4显示了在本次仿真所有频率比和幅值比组合下柔性板端部振动情况。与前节的结果类似,当幅值比接近0.7时,柔性板端部的位移变得最小。当频率比大于0.5时,这一规律尤为明显。当频率比小于0.5时,振动能力不足使得其变化幅度不那么明显。
为验证仿真分析结果,在单轴气浮平台上进行了试验验证。试验设备如图5所示。该系统主要由单轴气浮平台、柔性铝板(2 480 mm×200 mm×2.5 mm)、旋转轴与气浮平台转轴重合的扭矩模式反作用轮(0.065 N·m)、附带偏心质量块的周期旋转金属盘组成。气浮平台上放置用于测量、控制和数据交换的集线器上的设备。
残余振动由固定在柔性板端部的加速度计测量。加速度计(±2g,0~400 Hz)型号为Silicon Designe Inc2220-020。偏心质量选择为0.4 kg和0.25 kg以适应不同的频率比,周期性旋转碟放置在距离系统旋转轴0.6 m处。
完成的3个试验案例频率比分别为1.3、0.9、0.6,每个频率比下分别选择幅值比为0.6、0.8、1。为验证分析结果,提供了试验中的真实参数进行仿真分析,试验为零初始条件。反作用轮的阶跃补偿扭矩和正弦扰动同时启动。柔性板端的实测加速度如图6图8所示。
在工况1中,λ=0.6σm=0.08 m,mm=0.4 kg,3次试验幅值比分别为β=0.6,0.8,1
在工况2中,λ=0.9σm=0.04 m,mm=0.4 kg,3次试验幅值比分别为β=0.6, 0.8, 1
在工况3中,λ=1.3σm=0.04 m,mm=0.25 kg,3次试验幅值比分别为β=0.6,0.8,1
3个试验工况中,不同频率比和幅值比组合情况下柔性板端部加速度幅值统计对比情况如表1所示。
图9显示了幅度比域中的结果。标有“ex”的点表示试验数据。试验结果与模拟结果基本一致,验证了所提出方法的有效性。
本文研究了柔性航天器平台在存在持续周期性扰动情况下的最优补偿力矩设计。方法主要基于典型振动系统的数值分析结果。首先,利用傅里叶展开法对恒定补偿力矩进行处理,得到系统响应与输入的关系。然后,通过数学模型构建与分析,验证了该准则在持续周期性扰动的柔性航天器系统上的有效性。计算统计结果表明,针对大型柔性飞行器大多数频率的最佳幅值比接近0.7。此外,为确保系统不产生共振,频率比应避免接近0.3和1。以单轴气浮平台为对象,进行了柔性飞行器周期性干扰抑制效果分析,通过数值模拟和试验结果对比分析,验证了所获得准则的准确性。
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2025年第48卷第6期
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250609
  • 接收时间:2025-07-05
  • 首发时间:2026-01-20
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-05
  • 修回日期:2025-12-01
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    北京航天长征飞行器研究所,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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