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The transmission thread of the currently used gas cylinder charging valve largely follows the design scheme of mature models, employing the same ordinary triangular thread as the fastening thread. Ordinary thread connections offer good self-locking performance and are commonly used for fastening connections or fine-pitch adjustment screws. Due to inherent issues with the thread profile's applicability, a problem of thread stripping in the transmission thread occurred during the standard life test of batch-produced products. To address this issue, a thread improvement scheme was proposed. Through research on the improved design of the transmission thread for the gas cylinder charging valve, the original triangular thread was replaced with a trapezoidal thread. The improved trapezoidal thread exhibits a lower stress level and a larger margin relative to the allowable stress, demonstrating a good improvement effect. Four 3J1 studs successfully passed the 1 000-cycle high-pressure limit life test under pressure. The service life of the thread pair increased from less than 250 cycles to 1 000 cycles, verifying the feasibility of the trapezoidal thread scheme and improving the service life of the thread pair.

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现役气瓶充气阀的传动螺纹基本延续了成熟型号的设计方案,采用与紧固螺纹相同的普通三角螺纹,普通螺纹连接自锁性能好,常用于紧固连接或小螺距的调节螺旋。由于螺纹牙型固有的适用性问题,在批次产品的研制中,出现了寿命试验中传动螺纹滑扣的问题,针对此问题提出了螺纹改进方案。通过对气瓶充气阀传动螺纹改进设计研究,将原有的三角螺纹改为梯形螺纹,改进后的梯形螺纹应力水平更低,相对许用应力的余量更大,改进效果较好。4件3J1螺杆顺利通过了1 000次高压带压极限寿命试验考核,螺纹副寿命由原来的不足250次提高到1 000次,验证了梯形螺纹方案的可行性,提高了螺纹副的使用寿命。

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高兆金(1988—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为阀门。

张博文(1993—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为阀门。

吴立夫(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为阀门。

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1—螺杆;2—O形密封圈;3—壳体翅片;4—顶杆;5—壳体;6—主活阀;7—卸荷活阀;8—弹簧;9—止动环。

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Trapezoidal thread parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计参数数值/mm
基本牙型高1.5
牙底宽1.098
牙顶间隙0.25
螺纹牙高1.75
牙顶最大倒圆角半径0.125
牙底最大倒圆角半径0.25
壳体内螺纹小径21
壳体内螺纹中径22.5
壳体内螺纹大径24.5
螺杆外螺纹小径20.5
螺杆外螺纹中径22.5
螺杆外螺纹大径24
), ArticleFig(id=1220368096800461473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1220368081986179420, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯形螺纹牙型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计参数数值/mm
基本牙型高1.5
牙底宽1.098
牙顶间隙0.25
螺纹牙高1.75
牙顶最大倒圆角半径0.125
牙底最大倒圆角半径0.25
壳体内螺纹小径21
壳体内螺纹中径22.5
壳体内螺纹大径24.5
螺杆外螺纹小径20.5
螺杆外螺纹中径22.5
螺杆外螺纹大径24
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气瓶充气阀传动螺纹改进设计研究
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高兆金 , 张博文 , 吴立夫
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 动力系统 2025,48(6): 41-45
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 动力系统 2025, 48(6): 41-45
气瓶充气阀传动螺纹改进设计研究
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高兆金, 张博文, 吴立夫
作者信息
  • 北京航天爱锐科技有限责任公司,北京,100076
  • 高兆金(1988—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为阀门。

    张博文(1993—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为阀门。

    吴立夫(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为阀门。

Study on Improved Design of Transmission Thread for Gas Cylinder Charging Valve
Zhaojin GAO, Bowen ZHANG, Lifu WU
Affiliations
  • Beijing Ares Technology Co. , Ltd. , Beijing, 100076
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250606
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现役气瓶充气阀的传动螺纹基本延续了成熟型号的设计方案,采用与紧固螺纹相同的普通三角螺纹,普通螺纹连接自锁性能好,常用于紧固连接或小螺距的调节螺旋。由于螺纹牙型固有的适用性问题,在批次产品的研制中,出现了寿命试验中传动螺纹滑扣的问题,针对此问题提出了螺纹改进方案。通过对气瓶充气阀传动螺纹改进设计研究,将原有的三角螺纹改为梯形螺纹,改进后的梯形螺纹应力水平更低,相对许用应力的余量更大,改进效果较好。4件3J1螺杆顺利通过了1 000次高压带压极限寿命试验考核,螺纹副寿命由原来的不足250次提高到1 000次,验证了梯形螺纹方案的可行性,提高了螺纹副的使用寿命。

阀门  /  三角螺纹  /  梯形螺纹  /  寿命  /  高压

The transmission thread of the currently used gas cylinder charging valve largely follows the design scheme of mature models, employing the same ordinary triangular thread as the fastening thread. Ordinary thread connections offer good self-locking performance and are commonly used for fastening connections or fine-pitch adjustment screws. Due to inherent issues with the thread profile's applicability, a problem of thread stripping in the transmission thread occurred during the standard life test of batch-produced products. To address this issue, a thread improvement scheme was proposed. Through research on the improved design of the transmission thread for the gas cylinder charging valve, the original triangular thread was replaced with a trapezoidal thread. The improved trapezoidal thread exhibits a lower stress level and a larger margin relative to the allowable stress, demonstrating a good improvement effect. Four 3J1 studs successfully passed the 1 000-cycle high-pressure limit life test under pressure. The service life of the thread pair increased from less than 250 cycles to 1 000 cycles, verifying the feasibility of the trapezoidal thread scheme and improving the service life of the thread pair.

valve  /  triangular thread  /  trapezoidal thread  /  service life  /  high pressure
高兆金, 张博文, 吴立夫. 气瓶充气阀传动螺纹改进设计研究. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (6) : 41 -45 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250606
Zhaojin GAO, Bowen ZHANG, Lifu WU. Study on Improved Design of Transmission Thread for Gas Cylinder Charging Valve[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (6) : 41 -45 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250606
气瓶充气阀目前广泛应用于气瓶充放气,部分产品在临近射前仍有启闭动作,对其可靠性要求高。传动螺纹是气瓶充气阀的关键功能模块,影响开关的启闭功能。随着新一代运载火箭高压气瓶工作压力的不断提高1,目前已达38 MPa以上,内部顶杆承受气压作用直径可达10 mm以上,传动螺纹启闭动作时需承受约3 000 N的工作载荷,受力状况恶劣,要求使用寿命至少满足250次,可靠性要求达0.999 97。
现役气瓶充气阀手动操作部分传动螺纹延续了成熟型号的设计方案,采用普通三角螺纹2,自锁性能好3,在较强振动工况下具有防松能力,常用于紧固连接或小螺距的调节螺旋。但其强度相对较低,且普通三角螺纹牙根部应力较高4,在气瓶充气阀批产过程中出现了寿命试验后传动螺纹滑扣的问题,针对此问题提出螺纹结构及材料改进方案。
气瓶充气阀主要由主活阀、卸荷活阀、弹簧、O形密封圈、螺杆、壳体、止动环、顶杆、壳体翅片组成,如图1所示。工作原理为:气瓶充/放气时,手动旋转螺杆带动顶杆推开卸荷活阀,进而推开主活阀,阀门打开;充/放气完毕后,手动旋转螺杆带动顶杆退回,卸荷活阀和主活阀在弹簧力的作用下回位,保证密封。弹簧复位式阀门广泛应用于高压工况5
螺杆与壳体之间螺纹配合副即为传动螺纹,启闭动作时承受气压力的载荷作用。螺纹副的配合材料为双相钢/铝青铜,壳体材料为双相钢F151,硬度要求HRC23~34,螺杆材料为铝青铜QAl9-4,硬度要求HB110~190。铝青铜硬度较低,具有自润滑效果6,双相钢硬度较高,具有较佳延伸率7
气瓶充气阀的最高工作压力可达38 MPa,阀门开启前出口预充压38 MPa是最恶劣的受力工况,此时传动螺纹副承受的轴向力最高。螺纹副在高承载状态下多次反复动作时,造成硬度偏低的铝青铜螺杆外螺纹产生较为严重的磨损。当螺纹副的加工质量或精度稍差,或寿命试验中每次动作后冷却时长不足时,可能出现螺纹滑扣等异常现象,如图2所示。当低硬度摩擦副与高硬度摩擦副接触时主要磨损发生在低硬度摩擦副部位8,根据archard磨损模型,硬度越高的材料磨损率越低9
为避免上述现象的发生,需要对螺纹结构进行改进,提高螺纹副的承载能力,延长使用寿命。
梯形螺纹具有加工难度较低、强度较高、传动可靠的特点10,其螺纹的工艺性好,内外螺纹以锥面贴合,对中性好,不易松动,在金属切削机床的丝杆、锻压机的传力螺旋等领域有广泛的应用,是使用最多的传动螺纹11
与气瓶充气阀当前设计状态采用的普通三角形螺纹相比,梯形螺纹的承载能力更强12,主要原因是梯形螺纹牙根强度高,同样的载荷下应力值较低,不易产生变形,因此,采用梯形螺纹方案进行改进。
壳体材料选用双相钢F151,其屈服强度不低于735 MPa;螺杆材料选用3J1弹性合金,其屈服强度不低于981 MPa。气瓶充气阀的最高工作压力为38 MPa,此时整个传动螺纹副受到的气压力面为直径10 mm的圆形,可计算得螺纹承载轴向力:
F=π4×d2×ph
式中 d为气压作用面直径;ph为最高工作压力。计算得轴向力为2 983 N。
梯形螺纹的牙型角α=30°,单线n=1,对于传动螺纹3J1螺杆挤压面许用压应力为45 MPa,许用弯曲应力为490 MPa,许用切应力为327 MPa。
壳体材料为双相钢F151,挤压面的许用压应力为35 MPa,许用弯曲应力为367 MPa,许用切应力为245 MPa。
螺旋副中壳体为F151,机械性能相较3J1更低,F151的许用比压为35 MPa,可计算得到螺纹中径应满足:
d20.8Fψσp
式中 F为最大轴向力,2 983 N;ψ为整体式螺母螺纹系数,1.8;σp为配合副中强度较低材料的许用比压。计算得到中径应不小于5.5 mm,根据目前的整阀结构参数,取螺纹中径d2为22.5 mm。
按梯形螺纹标准,为减少整阀结构长度,螺距P取3 mm,选取中等旋合长度L,范围为12 mm<L≤36 mm,根据以往批次产品统计包络尺寸范围,选取最小旋合长度为14 mm,设计得到的螺纹牙型参数如表1所示。
旋合长度L=14 mm,螺距为3 mm,旋合长度除以螺距可得螺纹旋合圈数z=4.7,按下式对工作比压Pp进行校核:
Pp=Fπd2hz
式中 h为螺纹工作高度,1.5 mm。
计算得Pp为6.03 MPa,小于许用比压35 MPa,因此上述梯形螺纹牙设计耐磨性满足要求。
螺纹导程S=3 mm,导程角计算公式为
γ=arctanSπd2
计算得导程角为2.43°,根据经验,F151对3J1的摩擦因数为0.08~0.1,摩擦因数越低越容易发生自锁失效问题,按照最保守选取摩擦因数μ=0.08,当量摩擦角计算公式为
ρv=arctanμcosα2
式中 α为梯形螺纹夹角,30°。计算得ρv为4.73°,大于导程角2.43°,可满足自锁要求。
计算螺纹副摩擦转矩:
T1=12d2Ftan(γ+ρv)
计算得T1为4 217.6 N·mm。
计算螺杆当量应力:
σca=4Fπd122+3T10.2d132
式中 d1为壳体内螺纹小径,20.5 mm。计算得σca为7.11 MPa,小于许用压应力35 MPa,因此螺杆强度满足要求。
螺牙剪切应力为
τ=Fπd1bz
螺牙弯曲应力为
σbb=3Fhπd1b2z
式中 d1为螺纹小径;b为螺牙根部的宽度,1.95 mm。
分别对壳体及螺杆螺纹进行强度计算,螺杆螺纹代入螺杆外螺纹小径20.5 mm,壳体螺纹代入壳体内螺纹小径21 mm,计算得螺杆外螺纹剪切应力为5.09 MPa,弯曲应力为11.74 MPa,远小于3J1材料的许用切应力及许用弯曲应力。壳体内螺纹剪切应力为4.35 MPa,弯曲应力为10.03 MPa,远小于F151材料的许用切应力及许用弯曲应力,因此内外螺纹的螺牙强度均满足要求,且有较大裕度。
改进螺纹试验产品共投产4套梯形螺纹模块试验件。为了减少产品研制试验迭代次数,缩短验证周期、控制成本,在产品验证过程中,只开展了传动螺纹功能模块试验,试验项目为1 000次高压带压极限寿命试验。试验条件为保持试验件入口压力为38 MPa,缓慢旋转充气阀手柄使充气阀达到最大开度,再关闭充气阀试件,重复1 000次。
使用有限元计算方法对两种螺纹连接进行强度分析,该方法被广泛用于结构分析领域14。由于螺纹受力主要集中在前3—4扣15,梯形螺纹按4扣螺纹进行仿真校核,三角螺纹螺距为梯形螺纹的一半,三角螺纹按8扣螺纹建模。建立二维轴对称模型,在壳体位置设置固定支撑,在螺杆位置设置沿轴向向上的作用力,大小为2 983 N,如图3所示。
梯形螺纹仿真结果见图4,由图4a可见,越远离轴向力施加端的螺纹牙所受应力越低。根部应力值相对较高,最高位置位于螺杆沿轴向第一个螺纹牙根部,约为33.9 MPa,远低于3J1的屈服强度981 MPa。接触比压分布趋势与等效应力分布趋势一致,越远离轴向力施加端接触比压越低,最高比压位置位于沿轴向第一个螺纹牙顶位置,约为16.0 MPa,低于F151许用比压35 MPa,且有较大裕度。
三角螺纹仿真结果见图5,由图5a可见,越远离轴向力施加端的螺纹牙所受应力越低,应力分布趋势与梯形螺纹一致。根部应力值相对较高,最高位置位于沿轴向第一个螺纹牙根部,约为45.1 MPa,远低于铝青铜材料的屈服强度450 MPa。接触比压分布趋势与等效应力分布趋势一致,越远离轴向力施加端接触比压越低,最高比压位置位于沿轴向第一个螺纹牙顶位置,约为17.5 MPa,低于铝青铜材料许用比压25 MPa。
仿真分析结果表明,3J1梯形螺纹传动螺纹副结构设计及选材合理可行,相比三角螺纹结构铝青铜材料的方案拥有更大裕度。
4件3J1螺杆顺利通过了1 000次高压带压极限寿命试验考核,试验全程动作灵活、操作力矩手感无明显变大趋势。试验件分解后发现传动螺纹无异常变形、磨损和结构破坏。试验后分解照片见图6
通过对气瓶充气阀传动螺纹改进设计研究,将原有的三角螺纹改为梯形螺纹后,4件3J1螺杆顺利通过了1 000次高压带压极限寿命试验考核,螺纹副寿命由原来的不足250次提高到1 000次,验证了梯形螺纹方案的可行性,提高了螺纹副的使用寿命。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250606
  • 接收时间:2025-07-05
  • 首发时间:2026-01-20
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-05
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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