Article(id=1154065845958463809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298855528714458, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250112, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710086400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-11, revisedDate=1713369600000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753080339182, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753080339182, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753080339182, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753080339182, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298855528714458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2025', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751943800098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754905336149, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161720438087307694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298855528714458, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161720438087307695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298855528714458, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=90, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154065846331756866, articleId=1154065845958463809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Micro-structure Refine Characteristics of 5B70 Al Alloy Sheet Welded Joints by TIG Welding, columnId=1154057567442559335, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Material and Manufacturing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A 5B70 aluminum alloy sheet with ${1.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ thickness is welded by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with 5B71 filler wire. The micro-structure evolution and refinement characteristics of the welded joints are investigated. The research results indicated that weld joints with excellent formation can be obtained by adopting reasonable welding parameters. The internal structure of the weld seam shows that the weld zone is mainly composed of equiaxed crystals forming a cast structure, the size of the grain structure is uneven, there are widely larger grains with a diameter of ${40}\sim {50\mu}\mathrm{m}$, as well as ultrafine grain areas with a diameter of about ${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$ which distributes in fine strips and small blocks. The area of the ultrafine grain region is obviously smaller than other areas. It mainly distributes in the direction parallel to the fusion line, with a few distributed on the weld surface. Sc and Zr were used as modificator to refine the grains. The ${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{3}\left({\mathrm{{Sc}},\mathrm{{Zr}}}\right)$ second phase particles are precipitated in the welding pool during solidification. The function of such particle is to form heterogeneous nucleation particles, reduce nucleation power and increase the number of crystal nuclei. The area where Sc elements are enriched had a higher degree of grain refinement. The “undercooling” zone is formed along the front of the solid-liquid boundary, which promotes the formation of equiaxed grains. It results in a higher degree of grain refinement, which size is only about one half of other zones.

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以5B71合金焊丝为填充材料,采用钨极惰性气体(Tungsten Inert Gas,TIG)保护焊接工艺对1.5 mm厚5B70铝合金板材进行焊接,对焊接接头进行显微组织演变及细化特征的研究。结果表明:采用合理的焊接参数,可得到成形优良的焊接接头,焊缝内部组织显示,焊缝区主要是由等轴晶组成的铸造组织,晶粒组织大小不均匀,广泛存在着${40}\sim {50\mu }\mathrm{m}$大小的晶粒,也存在着以细条状和小块状分布、直径大小约20μm的超细晶区,超细晶区域面积明显小于其他区域,主要沿着平行于熔合线的方向分布,少量分布在焊缝表面。熔池凝固过程中,钪(Sc)和锆(Zr)元素对晶粒细化作用明显,Sc元素富集的区域,晶粒细化程度愈高。在熔合线及焊缝表面,Sc和Zr作为生成变质剂元素,可析出第二相粒子,起到非均匀形核质点的作用,降低形核功,增加晶粒数量,Sc元素富集的区域,晶粒细化程度愈高。固液界面前沿形成“过冷区”,促进等轴晶形成,晶粒进一步细化,晶粒尺寸减小约一半。

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田志杰(1975—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为运载器研制、先进焊接及装配。

刘焱(1981-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接项目管理。

尚傲霜(1998-),女,工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接工艺。

杜晗(1975—),男,高级技师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接工艺应用。

郝双喜(1979—),男,高级技师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接技术操作。

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田志杰(1975—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为运载器研制、先进焊接及装配。

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田志杰(1975—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为运载器研制、先进焊接及装配。

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刘焱(1981-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接项目管理。

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刘焱(1981-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接项目管理。

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尚傲霜(1998-),女,工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接工艺。

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尚傲霜(1998-),女,工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接工艺。

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郝双喜(1979—),男,高级技师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接技术操作。

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郝双喜(1979—),男,高级技师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接技术操作。

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材料不同成分占比
MgMnScZrCuZnA1
5B706.170.390.230.13<0.05<0.05余量
5B715.8~6.80.30.3~0.40.05~0.15<0.05<0.05余量
), ArticleFig(id=1197268403955217402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845958463809, language=CN, label=表1, caption=5B70铝合金和5B71焊丝的化学成分, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料不同成分占比
MgMnScZrCuZnA1
5B706.170.390.230.13<0.05<0.05余量
5B715.8~6.80.30.3~0.40.05~0.15<0.05<0.05余量
), ArticleFig(id=1197268404026520571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845958463809, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=The results of EDS test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置不同成分质量分数
OMgAlScMnCu
10.346.5092.060.670.140.28
20.465.5893.110.390.210.25
), ArticleFig(id=1197268404089435132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1154065845958463809, language=CN, label=表2, caption=EDS测试结果(质量分数,%), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置不同成分质量分数
OMgAlScMnCu
10.346.5092.060.670.140.28
20.465.5893.110.390.210.25
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薄板5B70铝合金TIG焊缝熔池组织细化特征
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田志杰 , 刘焱 , 尚傲霜 , 杜晗 , 郝双喜
导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 材料与制造技术 2025,48(1): 85-90
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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) | 材料与制造技术 2025, 48(1): 85-90
薄板5B70铝合金TIG焊缝熔池组织细化特征
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田志杰, 刘焱, 尚傲霜, 杜晗, 郝双喜
作者信息
  • 首都航天机械有限公司,北京,100076
  • 田志杰(1975—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为运载器研制、先进焊接及装配。

    刘焱(1981-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接项目管理。

    尚傲霜(1998-),女,工程师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接工艺。

    杜晗(1975—),男,高级技师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接工艺应用。

    郝双喜(1979—),男,高级技师,主要研究方向为铝合金焊接技术操作。

Micro-structure Refine Characteristics of 5B70 Al Alloy Sheet Welded Joints by TIG Welding
Zhijie TIAN, Yan LIU, Aoshuang SHANG, Han DU, Shuangxi HAO
Affiliations
  • Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd.,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250112
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以5B71合金焊丝为填充材料,采用钨极惰性气体(Tungsten Inert Gas,TIG)保护焊接工艺对1.5 mm厚5B70铝合金板材进行焊接,对焊接接头进行显微组织演变及细化特征的研究。结果表明:采用合理的焊接参数,可得到成形优良的焊接接头,焊缝内部组织显示,焊缝区主要是由等轴晶组成的铸造组织,晶粒组织大小不均匀,广泛存在着${40}\sim {50\mu }\mathrm{m}$大小的晶粒,也存在着以细条状和小块状分布、直径大小约20μm的超细晶区,超细晶区域面积明显小于其他区域,主要沿着平行于熔合线的方向分布,少量分布在焊缝表面。熔池凝固过程中,钪(Sc)和锆(Zr)元素对晶粒细化作用明显,Sc元素富集的区域,晶粒细化程度愈高。在熔合线及焊缝表面,Sc和Zr作为生成变质剂元素,可析出第二相粒子,起到非均匀形核质点的作用,降低形核功,增加晶粒数量,Sc元素富集的区域,晶粒细化程度愈高。固液界面前沿形成“过冷区”,促进等轴晶形成,晶粒进一步细化,晶粒尺寸减小约一半。

5B70铝合金  /  钨极惰性气体  /  微观组织  /  晶粒  /  焊接

A 5B70 aluminum alloy sheet with ${1.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ thickness is welded by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with 5B71 filler wire. The micro-structure evolution and refinement characteristics of the welded joints are investigated. The research results indicated that weld joints with excellent formation can be obtained by adopting reasonable welding parameters. The internal structure of the weld seam shows that the weld zone is mainly composed of equiaxed crystals forming a cast structure, the size of the grain structure is uneven, there are widely larger grains with a diameter of ${40}\sim {50\mu}\mathrm{m}$, as well as ultrafine grain areas with a diameter of about ${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$ which distributes in fine strips and small blocks. The area of the ultrafine grain region is obviously smaller than other areas. It mainly distributes in the direction parallel to the fusion line, with a few distributed on the weld surface. Sc and Zr were used as modificator to refine the grains. The ${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{3}\left({\mathrm{{Sc}},\mathrm{{Zr}}}\right)$ second phase particles are precipitated in the welding pool during solidification. The function of such particle is to form heterogeneous nucleation particles, reduce nucleation power and increase the number of crystal nuclei. The area where Sc elements are enriched had a higher degree of grain refinement. The “undercooling” zone is formed along the front of the solid-liquid boundary, which promotes the formation of equiaxed grains. It results in a higher degree of grain refinement, which size is only about one half of other zones.

5B70 alloy  /  tungsten inert gas  /  micro-structure  /  grain  /  weld
田志杰, 刘焱, 尚傲霜, 杜晗, 郝双喜. 薄板5B70铝合金TIG焊缝熔池组织细化特征. 导弹与航天运载技术(中英文), 2025 , 48 (1) : 85 -90 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250112
Zhijie TIAN, Yan LIU, Aoshuang SHANG, Han DU, Shuangxi HAO. Micro-structure Refine Characteristics of 5B70 Al Alloy Sheet Welded Joints by TIG Welding[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2025 , 48 (1) : 85 -90 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250112
含钪铝合金是在铝镁系合金基础上加入微量稀土元素$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$而形成的新型铝合金,该合金以其优异的力学性能、抗蚀耐性能和焊接性能在航天、航空、 轨道交通和舰船领域得到广泛应用[1-3]。在中国载人航天工程、运载低温贮箱和深空探测结构中也正逐步得到应用并表现出广阔的应用前景[3-5]
国内外学者对5B70Al-Mg-Sc合金的焊接性能开展了大量的研究工作, 采用的主要焊接工艺有钨极惰性气体保护(Tungsten Inert Gas, TIG)焊、变极性等离子(Variable Polarity Plasma Arc, VPPA)焊、搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding, FSW)[4-13]。朱凯等[3]指出,与5A06合金相比,氩弧焊焊接接头抗拉强度提高约五分之一;苏志强等[4-5]$\mathrm{{Xu}}$[6]进行了变极性等离子及搅拌摩擦焊接接头力学性能及韧性断裂特征研究,指出接头强度系数可达到0.74~0.89; 文献[7]~[13]采用合理的焊接参数, 研究了搅拌摩擦接头组织与拉伸性能, 发现了焊核区更加细小的1$\mu \mathrm{m}$大小的晶粒及${10}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$大小的弥散相;Munoz等[7]和Zhao等[10]分析比较了TIG焊与FSW的力学性能, 指出FSW焊缝比TIG焊缝屈服强度值高30%,说明了FSW的优势。
业内认同钪对铝合金组织细化有积极的作用, 周巍等[14]分析了断口组织,指出强化相大部分都会固溶在基体中并呈弥散分布;Srinivasa等[15]从微观组织研究了$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$含量对强化相产生及生长的关联关系,指出$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$对结构特征及力学性能有重要影响; 陈显明等[16]研究了在不同温度退火后其硬度随时间的变化,指出温度与${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{3}\left({{\mathrm{{Sc}}}_{x},{\mathrm{{Ti}}}_{1 - x}}\right)$粒子的析出密切相关; Vigneshwaran等[17]研究了低温轧制铝镁钪合金的微观组织和力学性能, 指出低温下晶粒尺寸减小, 强度和延展性增加; Mogucheva等[18]定量表征了波特文-勒夏特利埃效应对流动应力的影响, 指出强化相的重要作用;Buranova等[19]$\mathrm{{Xu}}$[20]、Sun等[21]分析了铸态及挤压变形情况下第二相组织的沉淀、强化演变及粗化行为,指出$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$可降低晶界轧钉作用,提高再结晶水平;通过对铝基体晶粒组织演化影响的分析,$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$对晶粒细化、弥散强化和强抑制再结晶作用明显,显示了良好的力学及组织性能。
在薄板TIG焊接过程中, 熔池凝固速度快, 晶粒生长不稳定性较大。本文从微观组织角度研究钪元素对熔池组织生长的影响, 为合金材料在航天领域结构件焊接中提供试验基础和科学依据。
试验材料采用东北轻合金有限责任公司生产的5B70铝合金,厚度为${1.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,焊接前采用化学试剂表面处理方法进行清理, 清洗介质及浓度为: 氢氧化钠,100~200 g/L。焊接前,用刮刀去除表面氧化膜, 采用优化的焊接参数进行焊接。焊丝采用手工5B71牌号,直径为$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$(成分如表1所示)。
采用MILLER公司的350型变极性焊接电源进行手工TIG焊接,其中钨极直径为${3.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,保护罩直径为${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,钨极外伸${3.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,氩气纯度为${99.999}\%$, 保护气流量为$6 \sim 8\mathrm{\;L}/\mathrm{{min}}$,焊接电流为${55}\sim {65}\mathrm{\;A}$,焊接速度为$2 \sim 3\mathrm{\;{mm}}/\mathrm{s}$
对Al-Mg-Sc TIG焊接试板, 采用线切割加工方法沿垂直于焊缝方向切取金相试样, 对观察面进行抛光制样后,采用Keller试剂$\left({\mathrm{{HF}}: \mathrm{{HCl}}: {\mathrm{{HNO}}}_{3}: {\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}= }\right.$$2 : 3 : 5 :{190})$对接头进行腐蚀,使用光学显微镜观察焊缝各区域的组织形态。采用JSM-6490LV扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对熔池粗晶和细晶区成分元素种类与含量进行分析。
图1为试片焊接接头内部组织, 焊接接头熔合线清晰分明, 焊缝、熔合线、热影响区组织各异, 熔合线处以柱状晶为主,相比于母材细长轧延纤维状晶粒, 焊缝区主要是由等轴晶组成的铸造组织, 但是焊缝区内部组织晶粒大小不一, 虚线处晶粒尺寸明显小于其他地方, 从虚线内超细晶分布情况看, 基本沿着熔合线方向,且距离熔合线约$1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,另一部分超细晶区域分布在焊缝表面, 且正面及背面均存在, 超细晶区域多以细条状和小块状分布, 长度由表及里遍布焊缝,每一条超细晶带的宽度约${0.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,约占焊缝区面积的十分之一。
超细晶区域较多数量及较大面积的产生, 应是组织演化的必然结果,$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$元素均能细化铝的晶粒尺寸,产生铝钪、铝锆二元化合物以及铝钪锆三元化合物。图2为焊缝区细晶与超细晶组织显微金相,从晶粒尺寸大小来看, 晶粒大小区分度明显, 细晶区的晶粒直径大小约${40}\sim {50\mu }\mathrm{m}$,超细晶区的晶粒直径大小约${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$,晶界析出相呈短条状。晶粒内部有弥散强化相[7,10,15-16,20-21],尺寸大小约${10}\sim {20}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{3}\left({\mathrm{{Sc}},\mathrm{{Zr}}}\right)$粒子[3]弥散在$\alpha \left(\mathrm{{Al}}\right)$固溶体基体上, 弥散度较高, 焊缝凝固过程中, 晶界析出相数量较多,在焊缝受热及冷却过程中,有过烧现象。
异质颗粒存在于焊接熔池中, 液体金属的原子可以在这些异质颗粒上排列成晶体形态, 形成异质晶核。能谱分析表明, 这些晶核是富钪的(锆的含量太少, 不能被能谱分析检测到)。熔化边界处的区域常常与焊缝金属主体成分不同, 造成焊缝金属与基体金属的晶体结构不同, 固态焊缝金属可在母材熔化边界处部分熔化的基体金属上的不均匀区形核。 Mogucheva和Menzemer指出, 非枝晶等轴区附着在铝合金熔化边界狭小的焊缝金属区域[18,22],图2为5B70焊接接头等轴晶区。熔池边界附近冷的液体不与热的熔池相混合, 熔池边界原本作为弥散相存在于基体金属的${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{3}\left({\mathrm{{Sc}},\mathrm{{Zr}}}\right)$,作为异质晶核保留下来形成细晶等轴区,$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$为变质剂细化的铝合金焊接接头的晶粒。
焊接时, 熔池周边可分为两部分: 一是与熔池边界前端关联的部分熔化区,二是与熔池尾部边界关联的熔化区。熔池边界前端部分熔化区包含了固态晶粒和晶粒间的液相, 熔池尾部边界熔化区包含固态枝晶和枝晶间液相, 熔池在枝晶破碎、晶粒分离机制下, 形成新晶粒,如图3a所示; 新晶粒随着温度的冷却, 逐渐生长变大,如图3b所示; 随着焊接熔池末端的温度降低, 焊缝金属的凝固速率也随着提高, 结晶速度也快,形成完整的晶粒并实现工件的结合,如图3c所示; 当熔池存在一定量的$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$元素,熔池凝固开始时,几乎全部溶入$\alpha$(Al)固溶体中,在随后的冷却过程中, 以纳米级粒子相析出, 原本作为弥散相存在于基体内的${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{3}\left({\mathrm{{Sc}},\mathrm{{Zr}}}\right)$,会促使形成非枝晶等轴组织,如图3d所示。在异质形核机制下,$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$作为变质剂形成的异质晶核只能在 “较冷” 的熔池边界处留存下来, 而不能在较热的熔池中留存。焊缝前进中的固液界面前沿会形成 “过冷” 区, 温度与熔池内部有一定差别, 在焊接熔池凝固过程中, 这个足够长的充分 “过冷” 区域, 造成晶粒大小的转变, 这样的 “过冷” 区域, 一部分分布在靠近母材熔合线的区域, 这一部分与熔合线附近的部分熔化区不同, 由于母材对热量吸收的原因,形成快速冷凝结晶区,另一部分过冷区域分布在焊缝表面,此焊件的厚度为${1.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,正面空气冷却及背面焊漏垫板的吸热,同样造就过冷区域的生成, 这个 “过冷” 区域同样会促进细晶等轴晶的形成, 在熔化区异质形核可产生细晶, 成分过冷起到辅助作用[23-35],如图3e所示。因此,熔池过冷区晶粒尺寸更加细密, 形成超细晶区, 晶粒大小以${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$为主,而熔池中以缓冷方式结晶的区域, 焊缝区晶粒以${40}\sim {50\mu }\mathrm{m}$大小的等轴晶为主[36]。相比于5A06铝合金焊缝组织, 在稀土元素细化及冷却辅助共同作用下,薄板含钪铝合金焊缝组织形成尺寸大小变化较大的区域, 如图4所示, 对强度提升和增强抗裂能力有积极作用[6,9,14,17,35]
取焊缝组织晶粒尺寸不同区域进行能量色散光谱(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDS)分析, 位置如图5所示, 焊缝超细晶区(位置1)和细晶区(位置2 ),能谱测试结果中包含析出相和焊缝晶粒基体, 从表2中可以看出,两个位置富含$\mathrm{O}\text{、}\mathrm{{Mg}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Al}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Mn}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Cu}}$等元素。$\mathrm{{Sc}}$的化学性质很活泼,零件熔化过程中,$\mathrm{{Sc}}$会剧烈氧化,因此成分中测量到$\mathrm{O}$元素的存在。与母材元素相比,$\mathrm{{Mn}}$含量有所减少,$\mathrm{{Cu}}$含量增加。$\mathrm{{Sc}}$的含量均高于母材,位置1处$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量为母材的2.9倍,位置2处$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量为母材的1.5倍,位置2的$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量与焊丝中$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量相近,位置1的$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量远高于与焊丝及母材中$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量。两个位置$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量相差较大, 而随着$\mathrm{{Sc}}$含量的增加,晶粒细化程度愈高。
本文对焊接接头进行显微组织演变及细化特征的研究, 得出以下结论:
a)采用合理的焊接参数, 可得到成形优良的焊接接头, 焊缝内部组织显示, 焊缝区主要是由等轴晶组成的铸状组织, 焊缝区内部晶粒组织相比于母材, 变得更加细小,说明$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$元素对晶粒细化有一定改善作用。
b)晶粒组织大小不均匀,广泛存在着${40}\sim {50\mu }\mathrm{m}$大小的晶粒, 也存在着以细条状和小块状分布、直径大小约${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$的超细晶区,超细晶区域面积明显小于其他区域, 主要沿着平行于熔合线方向分布, 少量分布在焊缝表面。
c)$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Zr}}$元素对晶粒细化作用明显,$\mathrm{{Sc}}$元素富集的区域, 晶粒细化程度越高, 在熔合线及焊缝表面, 冷却辅助作用下, 作为变质剂形成的异质晶核, 对晶粒细化起到促进作用, 使晶粒尺寸减小为之前的一半。
  • 国防基础科研计划项目(JCKY2023903A001)
  • 湖南省科技重大专项(2021GK10402)
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20250112
  • 接收时间:2024-03-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11
  • 修回日期:2024-04-18
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国防基础科研计划项目(JCKY2023903A001)
湖南省科技重大专项(2021GK10402)
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    首都航天机械有限公司,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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