Article(id=1148011785032032414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298830018954160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240415, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714233600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-28, revisedDate=1719676800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636938578, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636938578, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636938578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636938578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298830018954160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751943794016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895900149, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680860630569001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298830018954160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680860630569002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298830018954160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=88, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011785266913467, articleId=1148011785032032414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Load-carrying Capacity Analysis and Experimental Study of Radome Joint Structure, columnId=1154067658359165250, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Simulation and Experimental Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an important component of aircraft guidance system, non-metal radomes have multiple functions such as heat protection, wave transmission and load bearing. It is connected to the aircraft body through high-temperature resistant adhesive agent. Radome is frequently subjected to harsh mechanical and thermal loads during the period of service, and the joint structure is often the weakness of strength design. Therefore, accurate simulation for mechanical behavior of the joint structure and achieving accurate prediction of load-carrying capacity are crucial for the structural design and optimization of radome. Based on bilinear cohesive model, the failure behavior of radome adhesive interface is numerically described by ABAQUS. And then the damage evolution of adhesive layer is simulated, and the accurate prediction of bearing performance of radome joint structure under flight thermo-mechanical environment is achieved. The corresponding experimental study is carried out. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, verifying the validity of numerical method. It provides an effective way to solve bearing problem of aircraft-level radome joint structure.

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非金属透波罩作为飞行器制导系统的重要组成部分,兼具防热、透波、承载等多种功能,其与飞行器本体之间通过耐高温胶黏剂进行连接。透波罩在服役过程中经常承受极为严苛的力热载荷环境,其连接结构往往是强度设计的薄弱环节,因此,模拟透波罩连接部位的力学行为,实现系统级透波罩承载性能的精确预示对透波罩结构设计及优化至关重要。基于双线性内聚力模型,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对透波罩胶接连接界面的失效行为进行数值描述,模拟胶层的损伤演化过程,实现对飞行力热载荷下透波罩连接结构承载性能的精确预示,并开展相应的试验研究,试验与仿真结果的一致性较好,验证了数值手段的有效性,为解决系统级透波罩连接结构承载问题提供了有效途径。

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侯保江(1984—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

王姣(1987—),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器载荷强度设计。

邢誉峰(1964—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为复合材料多尺度分析。

李焱喜(1994—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器载荷强度设计。

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王姣(1987—),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器载荷强度设计。

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Composites Science and Technology, 1996,56(4): 439-449., articleTitle=Measurement of mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197273753718670293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197273753727058902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, companyId=1197273753718670293, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing,100191), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197273753731253207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, companyId=1197273753718670293, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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figureFileBig=jkZvzKZVlunLW4om7bM9uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197273797104550002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, language=CN, label=图11, caption=透波罩结构破坏形式, figureFileSmall=P435O/kyn9Clo3cnsjGvHg==, figureFileBig=jkZvzKZVlunLW4om7bM9uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197273797175853176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Mechanical property of the adhesive at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃剪切强度/MPa拉伸强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa${G}_{1}^{/}$(J·${\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$)${G}_{\mathrm{{II}}}/$(J·${\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$)线膨胀系数$/\left({{}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}}\right)$
室温11.2356.423.278.42148.99${16.5}\times {10}^{-6}$
1709.3949.862.651.5391.40-
2505.0212.821.116.3930.16-
), ArticleFig(id=1197273797616255099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=胶黏剂不同温度下的力学性能, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃剪切强度/MPa拉伸强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa${G}_{1}^{/}$(J·${\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$)${G}_{\mathrm{{II}}}/$(J·${\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$)线膨胀系数$/\left({{}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}}\right)$
室温11.2356.423.278.42148.99${16.5}\times {10}^{-6}$
1709.3949.862.651.5391.40-
2505.0212.821.116.3930.16-
), ArticleFig(id=1197273798249595005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Mechanical property of the three-dimensional quartz, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模量/GPa拉伸强度/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$压缩强度/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$剪切强度/ MPa线膨胀系数$/\left({{}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}}\right)$
10309015${0.6}\times {10}^{-6}$
), ArticleFig(id=1197273799755350147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011785032032414, language=CN, label=表2, caption=三向编织石英力学性能, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模量/GPa拉伸强度/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$压缩强度/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$剪切强度/ MPa线膨胀系数$/\left({{}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}}\right)$
10309015${0.6}\times {10}^{-6}$
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透波罩连接结构承载分析与试验研究
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侯保江 1, 2 , 王姣 2 , 邢誉峰 1 , 李焱喜 2
导弹与航天运载技术 | 仿真与试验研究专栏 2024,47(4): 88-94
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导弹与航天运载技术 | 仿真与试验研究专栏 2024, 47(4): 88-94
透波罩连接结构承载分析与试验研究
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侯保江1, 2, 王姣2, 邢誉峰1, 李焱喜2
作者信息
  • 1北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京,100191
  • 2北京航天长征飞行器研究所,北京,100076
  • 侯保江(1984—),男,研究员,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    王姣(1987—),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器载荷强度设计。

    邢誉峰(1964—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为复合材料多尺度分析。

    李焱喜(1994—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器载荷强度设计。

Load-carrying Capacity Analysis and Experimental Study of Radome Joint Structure
Baojiang HOU1, 2, Jiao WANG2, Yufeng XING1, Yanxi LI2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing,100191
  • 2Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240415
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非金属透波罩作为飞行器制导系统的重要组成部分,兼具防热、透波、承载等多种功能,其与飞行器本体之间通过耐高温胶黏剂进行连接。透波罩在服役过程中经常承受极为严苛的力热载荷环境,其连接结构往往是强度设计的薄弱环节,因此,模拟透波罩连接部位的力学行为,实现系统级透波罩承载性能的精确预示对透波罩结构设计及优化至关重要。基于双线性内聚力模型,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对透波罩胶接连接界面的失效行为进行数值描述,模拟胶层的损伤演化过程,实现对飞行力热载荷下透波罩连接结构承载性能的精确预示,并开展相应的试验研究,试验与仿真结果的一致性较好,验证了数值手段的有效性,为解决系统级透波罩连接结构承载问题提供了有效途径。

透波罩  /  内聚力模型  /  连接结构  /  强度预示  /  试验研究

As an important component of aircraft guidance system, non-metal radomes have multiple functions such as heat protection, wave transmission and load bearing. It is connected to the aircraft body through high-temperature resistant adhesive agent. Radome is frequently subjected to harsh mechanical and thermal loads during the period of service, and the joint structure is often the weakness of strength design. Therefore, accurate simulation for mechanical behavior of the joint structure and achieving accurate prediction of load-carrying capacity are crucial for the structural design and optimization of radome. Based on bilinear cohesive model, the failure behavior of radome adhesive interface is numerically described by ABAQUS. And then the damage evolution of adhesive layer is simulated, and the accurate prediction of bearing performance of radome joint structure under flight thermo-mechanical environment is achieved. The corresponding experimental study is carried out. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, verifying the validity of numerical method. It provides an effective way to solve bearing problem of aircraft-level radome joint structure.

radome  /  cohesive model  /  joint structure  /  strength prediction  /  experimental study
侯保江, 王姣, 邢誉峰, 李焱喜. 透波罩连接结构承载分析与试验研究. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2024 , 47 (4) : 88 -94 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240415
Baojiang HOU, Jiao WANG, Yufeng XING, Yanxi LI. Load-carrying Capacity Analysis and Experimental Study of Radome Joint Structure[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2024 , 47 (4) : 88 -94 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240415
透波罩作为雷达制导系统的重要组成部分, 主要功能涵盖防热、承载和透波等, 是机动飞行器精确制导的关键构件[1-2]。透波罩作为飞行器的一个完整舱段, 与其他舱段通过金属连接环进行转接, 从而实现两个不同舱段之间的对接。透波罩与金属环之间则采用航天用的结构胶黏剂进行连接[3],其连接强度取决于胶黏剂的性能。耐高温、高强度和高耐久的胶黏剂能够提升透波罩与金属环之间黏接部位在苛刻温度环境中的稳定性, 保证飞行器在大气层中长时间、远距离飞行。随着航天技术的发展, 飞行器实现了在大气层内的全程滑翔, 滑翔时间可达上千秒。因此, 需对黏接结构的强度进行深入研究, 挖掘其承载潜力, 为武器装备的发展提供理论支撑。
对黏接结构失效的研究最早可以追溯到对复合材料层间的破坏现象, 特别是对无堆叠方向增强(如针刺缝合、Z-pin等)的复合材料层间剥离现象的研究。 对失效过程的研究往往分成两部分, 其一是损伤起始点的判断, 其二是损伤发展过程的分析。对损伤起始点的判断最传统的方式是基于应力或应变与特征长度等进行组合形成的特征量的判断[4-5]
在预测损伤发展方面, 比较常用的方法有两种, 即线弹性断裂力学(Linear Elastic Fracture Mechca-nics, LEFM)方法与内聚力模型方法。LEFM方法中最常用也最成熟的是虚拟裂纹弥合技术(Virtual Crack Closure Technique, VCCT)。在有限元计算中VCCT较为节省计算量,但是此技术存在2个缺陷: a)为保证计算精度, 需要在裂纹尖端划分十分精细的网格;b) VCCT需要事先确定初始裂纹,但在特定情况下,结构初始裂纹位置的确定十分困难,而错误地选定初始裂纹位置可能导致计算结果与实际情况之间存在较大偏差。
内聚力模型具有2个显著优点:a)该模型为分层的萌生与扩展提供了一种统一的描述, 克服了断裂力学方法不能用于预测新裂纹萌生的困难;b)当表征断裂过程区的尺度参数接近于材料或结构的特征几何长度(比如裂纹长度)时,线弹性断裂力学的方法不再有效, 而黏聚区模型则不受此限制。此外使用界面元的概念, 很容易实现基于内聚力模型的有限元列式并易于嵌入商用有限元软件中。由于内聚力模型将材料分成连续体以及连续体之间的黏聚层, 层间失效由被内聚力单元连接的两层节点之间的相对位移来表征, 因此损伤的萌生与分层的扩展仅由内聚力单元描述即可。
对黏接结构的研究主要集中在对黏接结构本构关系的研究以及如何通过有限元手段进行黏接结构仿真两方面。而对黏接结构本构关系的研究至今最为成熟的模型是内聚力模型[6-7]。Zhang等[8]利用双线型本构的黏聚力单元分析了三维编制复合材料的纤维间损伤。Song等[9]利用双线型模型模拟了热障涂层中缺陷裂纹的扩展, 进而研究热障涂层在交变温度载荷下的适应能力。韦震等[10]通过建立双线型模型,并通过仿真曲线与试验曲线相匹配的反演方法, 获得了以丁羟胶黏接剂为基底的复合推进剂的力学性能。杨林[11]将内聚力模型引入塑性变形中,采用Dugdale-Barenblatt模型对带有单边裂纹的有限狭长体问题进行模拟, 得到了结构内聚力区域尺寸的表达式。以上研究结果表明, 内聚力模型在表征界面裂纹的萌生及扩展方面具有良好的预示结果。
然而, 目前基于内聚力模型的应用主要存在于两方面,其一为利用内聚力模型分析裂纹萌生与扩展问题; 其二是利用内聚力模型反演黏接材料等有机材料的断裂韧性与黏聚强度等材料参数。此外, 内聚力模型在针对航天飞行器领域胶接结构的研究上, 并未得到充分应用。
本文采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立透波罩连接结构的数值仿真模型, 基于内聚力本构模拟胶接界面损伤演化过程, 并结合试验研究验证仿真方法的有效性, 实现对透波罩连接结构承载性能的强度预示, 为后续透波罩结构优化与性能提升提供可靠支撑。
内聚力模型建立在弹塑性断裂力学的基础之上, 该模型假定在裂纹尖端处存在一个断裂过程区, 在此区域内可以采用牵引力-分离位移的本构关系来描述界面层的破坏。常见的内聚力模型有多项式型[12]、 指数型[13]、双线型[14]与三线型[15]。其中,双线型内聚力模型由于结构简单、所需参数少,在诸多问题的研究中被广泛使用, 其牵引力-位移关系可由式(1)和图1表征。
$ T\left(\delta \right)= \left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{\delta }{{\delta }_{i}}{\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}& \left({\delta \leq {\delta }_{\mathrm{i}}}\right)\\\frac{{\delta }_{\mathrm{c}}- \delta }{{\delta }_{\mathrm{c}}- {\delta }_{i}}{\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}& \left({\delta >{\delta }_{i}}\right)\end{matrix}\right.$
式中$T$为牵引力;$\delta$为裂纹尖端分离位移;${\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}$为材料的损伤起始临界应力;${\delta }_{i}$${\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}$所对应的位移;${\delta }_{\mathrm{c}}$为内聚力为0时对应的位移。
图1${G}_{\mathrm{c}}$为曲线下方的面积即临界能量释放率, 其表达式为
${G}_{\mathrm{c}}= {\int }_{0}^{{\delta }_{\mathrm{c}}}T\left(\delta \right)\mathrm{d}\delta $
综上所述, 在双线型内聚力模型中, 最关键的参数主要有初始刚度、损伤起始临界应力和临界能量释放率, 分别对应图1中的上升段斜率、峰值和曲线下面积, 由这三者可以完全确定牵引力-位移曲线。
按裂纹受力特点与位移变化趋势, 可以将其抽象成为3种最基本的类型, 即: 张开型(I型)、滑移型(II型)与撕开型(III型)。其中, I型裂纹外载荷垂直于裂纹平面; II型裂纹外载荷在裂纹剖面内, 平行于裂纹平面;III型裂纹外载荷垂直于裂纹剖面。
在单一型断裂的本构关系中, 失效过程开始发生的判据可以直接用界面各个方向独自承载时的损伤起始临界应力${\sigma }_{33}^{\mathrm{c}}\text{、}{\tau }_{13}^{\mathrm{c}}$${\tau }_{23}^{\mathrm{c}}$表示,即应力超过临界应力时, 开始发生失效。混合模式的裂纹中, 必须考虑不同种模式裂纹之间的耦合。经过文献调研, 本文选用了比较常用的二次应力准则, 其表达式如下:
${\left(\frac{\left\langle {\sigma }_{33}\right\rangle }{{\sigma }_{33}^{\mathrm{c}}}\right)}^{2}+ {\left(\frac{{\tau }_{13}}{{\tau }_{13}^{\mathrm{c}}}\right)}^{2}+ {\left(\frac{{\tau }_{23}}{{\tau }_{23}^{\mathrm{c}}}\right)}^{2}= 1 $
式中${\sigma }_{33}$${\tau }_{13}$${\tau }_{23}$分别为各个方向独自承载时的名义应力;(*)为Macaulay括号,其意为$\langle x\rangle =\max \left({x,0}\right)$
复杂结构中常见的裂纹形式都可看作上述3种基本裂纹类型的组合, 胶接界面在实际受力中也往往产生混合型断裂。
以能量准则作为判断混合模式失效的标准假定, 当能量释放率超过临界能量释放率时, 界面分层开始扩展。最广泛使用的预示混合模式下界面分层扩展的准则是根据能量释放率间的线性或二次方关系建立的幂指数型准则, 幂指数型准则对热塑性材料具有较好的适应性。
Benzeggagh和Kenane于1996年提出的B-K准则对环氧类胶黏剂的适应性较好[16],该准则表达式如下:
${G}_{\mathrm{{mc}}}= {G}_{\mathrm{{Ic}}}+ \left({{G}_{\mathrm{{IIc}}}- {G}_{\mathrm{{Ic}}}}\right){\left(\frac{{G}_{\text{shear }}}{{G}_{\mathrm{I}}+ {G}_{\text{shear }}}\right)}^{\eta }$
其中,${G}_{\text{shear }}= {G}_{\mathrm{{II}}}+ {G}_{\mathrm{{III}}},{G}_{\mathrm{I}}\text{、}{G}_{\mathrm{{II}}}\text{、}{G}_{\mathrm{{III}}}$分别为$\mathrm{I}$型、$\mathrm{{II}}$型、 III型裂纹扩展时的能量释放率;${G}_{\mathrm{{Ic}}}$${G}_{\mathrm{{IIc}}}$分别为$\mathrm{I}$型、$\mathrm{{II}}$型裂纹的临界能量释放率;${G}_{\mathrm{{mc}}}$为等效能量释放率;$\eta$为与材料相关的常数。
本文所研究的透波罩连接结构采用环氧类胶黏剂,因此以B-K准则作为损伤扩展的判据。
本文以某新型飞行器前端的透波罩结构为研究对象。透波罩采用三向编织石英复合材料, 罩体与金属连接环之间通过耐高温胶黏剂+非金属销钉的方式进行连接, 其中连接环为透波罩与其他舱段之间的转接结构。具体连接形式如图2所示。
三向编织石英复合材料工艺成熟、强度高且受温度影响较小, 通常不是透波罩结构设计的薄弱环节, 透波罩整体承载极限主要由其连接结构的承载能力决定。而连接结构的主要承载功能由胶黏剂承担, 非金属销钉仅起辅助连接作用, 因此对胶黏剂失效行为的准确刻画对评估透波罩结构承载能力至关重要。
本节基于上述双线型内聚力本构模型, 采用ABAQUS有限元软件对透波罩胶接连接界面的失效行为进行数值模拟。
内聚力模型方法在有限元分析中的应用主要通过内聚力单元实现。内聚力单元一般分为两种, 连续面间的内聚力单元与点间的内聚力单元, 其中连续面间的内聚力单元可以存在有限厚度与零厚度两种, 而点间内聚力单元基本等价于非线性弹簧单元。本文基于有限厚度的内聚力单元进行胶层失效的仿真。
建立透波罩1/2有限元模型如图3所示, 透波罩与连接环之间通过胶接+非金属销钉的方式进行连接, 透波罩与连接环分别与胶层之间建立Tie约束;销钉与连接环为紧配合状态, 通过Tie约束连接; 销钉与透波罩之间建立接触关系;在连接环大端建立约束边界限制结构刚体位移。除胶层使用内聚力单元COH3D8外, 其余结构均使用C3D8R单元划分网格, Cohesive单元的初始损伤准则选择二次名义应力准则, 损伤演化规律采用基于能量的损伤演化规律, 单元达到强度极限以后的刚度降阶方式采用B-K准则, B-K准则常数取1.39。
胶黏剂及三向编织石英的力学性能分别见表1~2,下文中基于其中胶黏剂能量释放率${G}_{\mathrm{{II}}}= {G}_{\mathrm{{III}}}$
进行数值分析时,力、热载荷均模拟透波罩真实使用工况。在仿真模型中首先施加温度场, 达到设定状态后温度场保持不变, 开始施加力载荷。根据真实的热载荷环境,黏接界面最高温度达到${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$
根据数值模拟结果, 力载荷加载至265% 最大使用载荷时透波罩连接区胶层大面积脱黏且销钉断裂, 胶层失效首先发生在透波罩受拉一侧的大端截面, 初始失效位置如图4所示,图5则给出了胶层完全失效的状态。连接结构失效后的界面变形情况如图6所示, 连接环(蓝色区域)和透波罩(绿色区域)变形不连续, 这是由于连接环受约束边界的限制基本不变形, 而胶层失效后透波罩与连接环无法有效连接, 其界面相当于接触状态, 连接环不能再对透波罩的变形起到限制作用, 因此透波罩在飞行力、热载荷作用下产生较大变形直至结构破坏。
从载荷-位移曲线(图7)上可以看出, 连接结构失效瞬时位移发生突变, 载荷-位移曲线出现明显拐点, 随后结构仍能继续承载, 但连接区透波罩局部应力和连接环应力重新分布, 加载至303% 最大使用载荷后透波罩两侧II、IV象限开始出现损伤破坏, 初始损伤分布情况见图8,破坏原因为透波罩环向拉伸断裂, 随后裂纹进一步扩展, 结构不能继续承载。
根据上述分析结果给出透波罩破坏模式判断: 265%最大使用载荷时连接结构失效,连接区透波罩局部应力和连接环应力重新分布后透波罩继续承载, 303%最大使用载荷时结构整体破坏。
为了验证仿真分析结果的有效性, 开展了相应的试验研究。
试验力载荷按照模拟等效透波罩应力分布和量级的原则确定, 通过在透波罩一侧给皮囊施加均匀外压的方式来实现。同时, 通过对透波罩连接区进行石英灯辐射加热实现热载荷的施加。在距离天线罩大端${250}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$范围内沿环向分两个加热区进行加热,将温度控制点按周向位置尽量靠近连接区布置, 以尽可能模拟连接区实际飞行过程中的真实热载荷环境。考虑到石英灯辐射加热试验设备的能力, 无法完全实现飞行环境下的外壁温度渐进变化的分布, 试验时将天线罩外壁按周向分成两个温度区进行加热, 且不考虑轴向的温度梯度。
试验过程中对力、热载荷协调加载,首先按图9所示温度曲线进行热载荷加载, 在热载荷加载完成前${100}\mathrm{\;s}$开始施加力载荷,力载荷达到${200}\%$最大使用载荷时测量试验数据, 随后继续施加力载荷, 加载至278%最大使用载荷时,连接区外表面应变测点$\# 1$发生突变, 随后恢复正常线性变化规律(图10), 由此推断此时连接区发生了脱胶, 但结构整体未掉载, 可以判定278% 最大使用载荷时的局部脱胶并未影响透波罩继续承载。进一步加载到321% 最大使用载荷时透波罩连接区罩体侧面环向拉断, 随后罩体迎风面工作区母向撅断, 破坏形式如图11所示, 试验得到的破坏过程与仿真预示结果一致。
与试验结果相对比, 基于内聚力本构的数值仿真对透波罩连接结构失效形式的模拟与试验现象一致, 对于结构整体承载能力的预示与试验结果的误差不大于$6\%$,验证了数值手段的有效性。
本文基于内聚力本构模型, 实现了透波罩整体承载能力的精确预示,为解决系统级透波罩结构承载问题提供了理论支持和有效途径, 具体结论如下:
a)将双线型内聚力本构模型应用于透波罩胶接连接结构的失效分析, 揭示了在飞行力、热载荷作用下透波罩连接结构的胶接界面的损伤演化过程。
b)开展相关透波罩系统级力热联合试验研究, 试验结果与仿真预示的误差不大于6%,验证了数值仿真分析方法的有效性, 为解决系统级透波罩连接结构承载问题提供了有效途径。
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2024年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240415
  • 接收时间:2024-04-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28
  • 修回日期:2024-06-30
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    1北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京,100191
    2北京航天长征飞行器研究所,北京,100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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