Article(id=1148011781320077671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298830442578865, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240307, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1659369600000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-02, revisedDate=1697904000000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636937693, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636937693, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636937693, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636937693, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298830442578865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751943794116, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895897628, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680850048344508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298830442578865, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680850048344509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298830442578865, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=45, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011781533987195, articleId=1148011781320077671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Optimization Analysis of Pumping and Draining Process of Closed Filling Pipeline at the End of Kerosene, columnId=1154057566893105509, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Propulsion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the possible problems of filling accuracy and kerosene quality in the drainage process of the closed filling pipeline at the end of the kerosene, the pipeline deformation caused by the change of pressure and temperature is discussed by analyzing the influencing factors that affect the change of kerosene in the pipeline. The thermodynamic calculation model of temperature, pipe diameter and deformation pressure is constructed, and the accuracy of the model calculation is verified by experiments. According to the numerical calculation results of the model, the optimization measures for the drainage process are proposed to ensure the reliability of the drainage process of the filling pipeline.

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为了解决煤油末段密闭加注管路抽泄流程可能出现的加注精度及煤油品质的问题,通过分析管路内煤油变化的影响因素,讨论了压力和温度的变化引起的管路形变,构建了温度、管径、形变压力的热力学计算模型,试验验证了模型计算的准确性,根据模型数值计算结果,提出了抽泄流程优化措施,确保了加注管路抽泄流程的可靠性。

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韦康(1982—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为航天地面装备可靠性。

杨波(1978—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为航天测试发射和质量管理。

白玥(1983—),女,工程师,主要研究方向为航天测试发射质量和管理。

王宇亮(1987—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为航天发射总体技术。

刘良祥(1988—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为航天发射煤油及供气。

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煤油末段密闭加注管路抽泄流程优化分析
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韦康 , 杨波 , 白玥 , 王宇亮 , 刘良祥
导弹与航天运载技术 | 动力系统 2024,47(3): 45-49
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导弹与航天运载技术 | 动力系统 2024, 47(3): 45-49
煤油末段密闭加注管路抽泄流程优化分析
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韦康, 杨波, 白玥, 王宇亮, 刘良祥
作者信息
  • 中国文昌航天发射场,文昌,571333
  • 韦康(1982—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为航天地面装备可靠性。

    杨波(1978—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为航天测试发射和质量管理。

    白玥(1983—),女,工程师,主要研究方向为航天测试发射质量和管理。

    王宇亮(1987—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为航天发射总体技术。

    刘良祥(1988—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为航天发射煤油及供气。

Optimization Analysis of Pumping and Draining Process of Closed Filling Pipeline at the End of Kerosene
Kang WEI, Bo YANG, Yue BAI, Yuliang WANG, Liangxiang LIU
Affiliations
  • China Wenchang Space Launch Site,Wenchang,571333
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240307
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为了解决煤油末段密闭加注管路抽泄流程可能出现的加注精度及煤油品质的问题,通过分析管路内煤油变化的影响因素,讨论了压力和温度的变化引起的管路形变,构建了温度、管径、形变压力的热力学计算模型,试验验证了模型计算的准确性,根据模型数值计算结果,提出了抽泄流程优化措施,确保了加注管路抽泄流程的可靠性。

加注管路  /  计算模型  /  热交换  /  抽泄流程  /  优化分析

In order to solve the possible problems of filling accuracy and kerosene quality in the drainage process of the closed filling pipeline at the end of the kerosene, the pipeline deformation caused by the change of pressure and temperature is discussed by analyzing the influencing factors that affect the change of kerosene in the pipeline. The thermodynamic calculation model of temperature, pipe diameter and deformation pressure is constructed, and the accuracy of the model calculation is verified by experiments. According to the numerical calculation results of the model, the optimization measures for the drainage process are proposed to ensure the reliability of the drainage process of the filling pipeline.

filling pipeline  /  calculation model  /  heat exchange  /  pumping and draining process  /  optimization analysis
韦康, 杨波, 白玥, 王宇亮, 刘良祥. 煤油末段密闭加注管路抽泄流程优化分析. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2024 , 47 (3) : 45 -49 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240307
Kang WEI, Bo YANG, Yue BAI, Yuliang WANG, Liangxiang LIU. Optimization Analysis of Pumping and Draining Process of Closed Filling Pipeline at the End of Kerosene[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2024 , 47 (3) : 45 -49 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240307
新一代中型运载火箭大都采用液氧、煤油作为推进剂, 该推进剂具有效费比高、无毒环保、成本低、 性能高、可靠性高和使用维护便捷等优点[1-3]。为保证发动机贮箱内推进剂的质量, 航天发射场对推进剂加注系统, 特别是对加注管路的可靠性要求特别高, 保证推进剂的管道可靠传输十分重要[4-5]。本文针对某型火箭助推发动机贮箱煤油加注好后, 可能出现的箭上煤油加注活门被异常打开, 进而导致管路中部分高温煤油进入贮箱, 影响煤油加注精度及进箭煤油品质的机理进行分析。通过分析密闭管路中煤油压力影响因素、密闭管路中煤油压力变化,结合试验验证, 得出管路内煤油的温度、管径、形变的计算模型, 并据此提出了煤油抽泄流程的优化改进措施[6]
某型运载火箭射前加注流程为先芯级煤油加注, 后助推煤油加注, 煤油加注结束后进行管路抽泄排空, 撤收煤油加泄连接器及管路, 最后进行液氧加注, 点火发射。煤油抽泄时系统状态如图1所示, 助推煤油加注好后, 关闭塔上末加阀、箭上助推煤油加注活门, 两个手动球阀(近地阀A、近箭阀B)仍维持打开状态, 箭体处于停放阶段, 煤油贮箱预增压至${0.154}\mathrm{{MPa}}$。这段时间,末加阀与加注活门之间的加注管路内充满煤油,在该段管路形成内径为${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$、 壁厚为$4\mathrm{\;{mm}}$、长度为${25.5}\mathrm{\;m}$、容积约${200}\mathrm{\;L}$的密闭容腔,抽泄管路主体材料采用0Cr18Ni9,外面敷设${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$绝热层。
当加注结束后, 位于该段密闭容腔内的煤油吸收外界环境热量, 温度逐渐升高, 发生热胀, 导致压力增大。当管内煤油压力达到一定程度, 可能引起管路渗油(在法兰连接处或球阀处), 也可能造成煤油加注活门反向压差(反向压差=密闭容腔内煤油压力- 贮箱压力-煤油液柱压力)增大, 进而导致箭上煤油加注活门被反向异常打开, 使得部分高温煤油进入贮箱, 影响煤油加注精度及进箭煤油品质。因此, 研究封闭管路煤油温度与压力变化过程, 并采取针对性措施, 对煤油末段密闭加注管路抽泄流程进行优化, 可以提高煤油的加注控制精度, 并确保煤油的加注质量。
密闭管路中的煤油压力变化主要是由密闭管路与外界环境热交换引起的, 密闭管路系统与外界的换热是导致管路压力上升的主要因素, 换热速度和压力变化速率正向相关。在分析密闭管路中的煤油压力变化和相关计算过程中, 主要考虑的影响因素包括: 管路系统初始状态、密闭管路内流体组分变化、密闭管路体积变化。
a)管路系统的初始状态。
煤油压力变化相关计算过程中需要输入管路系统的初始状态, 初始参数包括: 流体的初始温度、密度、质量、容积等,管道的构成材料、长度和厚度、 管壁温度以及管道布局等。
b)密闭管路内流体组分变化。
密闭管路内流体组分变化即流体组成及质量, 是压力变化的重要影响因素。管路煤油中含有微量氮气, 因气体的压缩性, 其对管路内煤油压力影响较大。密闭管路中流体流动过程中, 在法兰、软硬管接口处会存在一定的渗漏,若管路容积较大、流体较多, 则微小量泄漏不会明显影响煤油压力; 若管路容积较小、流体较少,则会对煤油压力有显著影响。因此, 在计算模型建立过程中, 需分析煤油微小泄漏的情况。
c)密闭管路体积变化。
密闭管路变形会导致管路容积的变化, 容积变化对管路内煤油压力会产生较大影响。管路变形与流体压力和温度的变化有关, 密闭容腔内流体压力的变化导致管路壁面受力变化, 形成拉压效应, 同时, 管路温度变化导致的热胀冷缩效应也会对管路容积产生影响。
管路内流体质量包括煤油、不可溶解气体质量, 关系式如式(1)所示:
$ m ={m}_{\mathrm{k}}+ {m}_{\text{air }}= {\rho }_{\mathrm{k}}{V}_{\mathrm{k}}+ {\rho }_{\text{air }}{V}_{\text{air }}$
式中${m}_{\mathrm{k}}$为煤油质量,$\mathrm{{kg}};{V}_{\mathrm{k}}$为煤油体积,$\mathrm{L};{m}_{\text{air }}$为管路内气体质量,$\mathrm{{kg}};{V}_{\mathrm{{air}}}$为气体体积,$\mathrm{L};{\rho }_{\mathrm{k}}$为煤油密度,$\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3};{\rho }_{\mathrm{{air}}}$为气体密度,$\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$
对管路内煤油质量${m}_{\mathrm{k}}$微分后得:
${\rho }_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{k}}+ \left({\frac{\partial {\rho }_{\mathrm{k}}}{\partial p}\mathrm{\;d}p +\frac{\partial {\rho }_{\mathrm{k}}}{\partial {T}_{\mathrm{k}}}\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{k}}}\right){V}_{\mathrm{k}}= \mathrm{d}{m}_{\mathrm{k}}$
式中$\mathrm{d}{m}_{\mathrm{k}}$为管路中煤油质量微分,即管路中煤油质量的微小变化量;${T}_{\mathrm{k}}$为煤油温度;$p$为管路中流体压力。
对管路内气体质量微分后得:
${\rho }_{\text{air }}\mathrm{d}{V}_{\text{air }}+ \left({\frac{\mathrm{d}p}{R{T}_{\text{air }}}- \frac{p}{R{T}_{\text{air }}^{2}}\mathrm{\;d}{T}_{\text{air }}}\right){V}_{\text{air }}= \mathrm{d}{m}_{\text{air }}$
式中$\mathrm{d}{m}_{\text{air }}$为管路中气体质量微分,即管路中气体质量的微小变化量;${T}_{\text{air }}$为气体温度;$p$为管路中流体压力;$R$为理想气体常数。
因管路内含气量极低, 近似认为煤油温度与气体温度一致, 管路内压力处处相等。同时气体量较少, 通常聚齐在煤油管路顶端, 不易泄漏, 因此模型建立时不考虑气体泄漏,即$\mathrm{d}{m}_{\text{air }}= 0$
管路在内压作用下轴向变形量、径向变形量为
${\delta }_{1}= \frac{prH}{Ed}\left({\frac{1}{2}- \mu }\right)$
${\delta }_{2}= \frac{p{r}^{2}}{Ed}\left({1 -\frac{\mu }{2}}\right)$
式中${\delta }_{1}$为管路轴向变形量;${\delta }_{2}$为径向变形量;$H$为管路长度;$r$为管路半径;$d$为壁厚;$E$为材料的弹性模量;$\mu$为材料的泊松比。
形变后管路的体积为
${V}_{\mathrm{p}}= \pi \left({H +{\delta }_{1}}\right){\left( r +{\delta }_{2}\right)}^{2}$
则压力变化导致的体积变化的关系式为
$\begin{aligned} \mathrm{d} V_{\mathrm{p}}= & 2 \pi\left(H+\delta_{1}\right)\left(r+\delta_{2}\right) \frac{r^{2}}{E d}\left(1-\frac{\mu}{2}\right) \mathrm{d} p+ \\ & \pi\left(r+\delta_{2}\right)^{2} \frac{r H}{E d}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\mu\right) \mathrm{d} p \end{aligned}$
温度导致管路轴向、径向变形量为
${\Delta H}= {\alpha H}\left({{T}_{\mathrm{w}}- {T}_{\mathrm{w}0}}\right)$
${\Delta r}= {\alpha r}\left({{T}_{\mathrm{w}}- {T}_{\mathrm{w}0}}\right)$
式中$\alpha$为温度膨胀系数;${T}_{\mathrm{w}}$为管壁温度;${T}_{\mathrm{w}0}$为管壁初始温度。
温度变形后管路的总体积为
${V}_{\mathrm{T}}= \frac{\pi {r}^{2}H}{4}{\left\lbrack 1 +\alpha \left({T}_{\mathrm{w}}- {T}_{\mathrm{w}0}\right)\right\rbrack }^{3}$
温度变化导致管路体积变化关系式为
$\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{T}}= \frac{{3\pi \alpha }{r}^{2}H}{4}{\left\lbrack 1 +\alpha \left({T}_{\mathrm{w}}- {T}_{\mathrm{w}0}\right)\right\rbrack }^{2}\mathrm{\;d}{T}_{w}$
管壁温度由管壁与外界环境交换的热量、管壁与煤油间交换的热量所决定, 管壁吸收的纯热量等于外界环境传给它的热量减去管壁传给煤油的热量, 其热传导表达式为
${C}_{\mathrm{w}}{m}_{\mathrm{w}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{w}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= {h}_{\mathrm{{atm}}}{A}_{\mathrm{w}}\left({{T}_{\mathrm{{atm}}}- {T}_{\mathrm{w}}}\right)- {f}_{\mathrm{{th}}}{A}_{\mathrm{w}}\frac{\left({T}_{\mathrm{w}}- {T}_{\mathrm{k}}\right)}{r}$
式中${C}_{\mathrm{w}}$为管壁热容,$\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{K};{m}_{\mathrm{w}}$为管壁质量,$\mathrm{{kg}};{h}_{\text{atm }}$为环境换热系数;${A}_{\mathrm{w}}$为管壁面积,${\mathrm{m}}^{2};{T}_{\mathrm{{atm}}}$为环境温度,${}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$;${\lambda }_{\mathrm{k}}$为煤油导热系数;${T}_{\mathrm{k}}$为煤油温度,${}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$;$f$为管路内煤油局部温度分布导致自然对流而引入的吸热修正系数。
管路内煤油气体混合物温度主要由管壁传给煤油的热量决定,由于气体含量少,近似认为${T}_{\mathrm{{air}}}= {T}_{\mathrm{k}}$,即气体温度和煤油温度相等,则:
${C}_{\mathrm{k}}{m}_{\mathrm{k}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{k}}}{\mathrm{d}t}+ {C}_{\mathrm{{air}}}{m}_{\mathrm{{air}}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{{air}}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= f{\lambda }_{\mathrm{k}}{A}_{\mathrm{w}}\frac{\left({T}_{\mathrm{w}}- {T}_{\mathrm{k}}\right)}{r}$
式中${C}_{\mathrm{k}}$为煤油热容,${C}_{\mathrm{k}}= {1896.33}+ {4.79405}\left({{T}_{\mathrm{k}}- }\right.$273),为煤油热容;${C}_{\text{air }}$为气体热容。
因煤油加注管路中含有法兰、气动球阀、手动球阀等组件, 考虑管路中煤油存在微量渗漏, 即$\mathrm{d}{m}_{\mathrm{k}}\neq 0$。本文采用常用的质量流量与压差开方成正比的关系来描述渗漏过程,即:
$\mathrm{d}{m}_{\mathrm{k}}= {\zeta A}\sqrt{\left({{p}_{\mathrm{h}}- {p}_{1}}\right){\rho }_{\mathrm{k}}}\cdot \mathrm{d}t $
式中$\zeta$为流量系数;$A$为渗漏面积;${p}_{\mathrm{h}}$为渗漏高压区压力;${p}_{1}$为渗漏低压区压力。
密闭管路中, 煤油、气体体积等于管路初始容积加上因压力、温度变化导致管路形变而变化的体积, 即:
${V}_{\mathrm{k}}+ {V}_{\text{air }}= {V}_{0}+ {V}_{\mathrm{T}}+ {V}_{\mathrm{p}}$
式中${V}_{0}$为管路初始容积,${V}_{0}= \frac{1}{4}\pi {r}^{2}H$
求导后将上述公式代入, 最终压力与温度模型关系式如下:
$\left[\begin{array}{c} 2 \pi\left(H+\delta_{1}\right)\left(r+\delta_{2}\right) \frac{r^{2}}{E d}\left(1-\frac{\mu}{2}\right)+ \\ \left.\pi\left(r+\delta_{2}\right)^{2} \frac{r H}{E d}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\mu\right)+\frac{\partial \rho_{\mathrm{k}}}{\partial p} \cdot \frac{V_{\mathrm{k}}}{\rho_{\mathrm{k}}}+\frac{1}{R T_{\text {air }}} \cdot \frac{V_{\text {air }}}{\rho_{\text {air }}}\right] \mathrm{d} p= \\ \frac{\mathrm{d} m_{k}}{\rho_{k}}-\left(\frac{\partial \rho_{\mathrm{k}}}{\partial T_{\mathrm{k}}} \cdot \frac{V_{\mathrm{k}}}{\rho_{\mathrm{k}}}-\frac{p}{R T_{\text {air }}^{2}} \cdot \frac{V_{\text {air }}}{\rho_{\text {air }}}\right) \mathrm{d} T_{\mathrm{k}}-\mathrm{d} V_{\mathrm{T}} \end{array}\right.$
根据模型, 已知管路初始压力、温度及环境温度条件下, 煤油压力变化计算方法如下:
a)根据热传导式(12),计算出微量时间内管壁温度变化$\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{w}}$;
b)由式(11)、式(13)算出管壁体积变化量$\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{T}}$及煤油温度变化$\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{k}}$;
c)算出煤油密度随温度、压力变化的偏导数[7], 管路煤油压力变化量$\mathrm{d}p$;
d)最后算出下一时刻管路煤油压力、温度, 从而得到管路中煤油压力、温度变化趋势。
煤油加注管路形成的密闭管路中,管路长度$H =$${25.5}\mathrm{\;m}$,管路半径$r ={0.05}\mathrm{\;m}$,管路厚度$d ={0.004}\mathrm{\;m}$,管材为304不锈钢,材料弹性模量$E ={1.992}\times {10}^{11}\mathrm{\;{Pa}}$, 材料泊松比$\mu ={0.289}$,温度线膨胀系数$\alpha ={1.4544}\times$${10}^{-5}$,材料比热容${C}_{\mathrm{w}}= {471}\mathrm{\;J}/\mathrm{K}$,材料密度为${7863}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$,导热系数${\lambda }_{\mathrm{k}}= {0.1385}\mathrm{\;W}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$,吸热修正系数$f = 8$,气体热容${C}_{\text{air }}= {1003}\mathrm{\;J}/\mathrm{K}$,密闭管路中煤油初始温度为${9}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,环境温度为${32}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,通过计算模型得到管路内温度、压力数据。
发射场煤油加注系统通过实际试验对计算模型进行验证, 通过试验得到密闭管路中煤油密度、压力、 温度试验数据, 与模型计算结果进行比较, 模型计算和试验数据拟合曲线如图2所示。
图2可知, 数值计算结果与试验数据具有较好的一致性,两者相对标准偏差最大为4.5%, 模型计算公式能够用于封闭管路煤油的热力学计算, 精密度和准确度满足使用需求。
数值计算及试验表明,密闭管路内煤油压力随着温度升高快速上升,在试验及任务中,${17}\mathrm{\;{min}}$内管路煤油温度升高${2.7}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,煤油压力从${0.15}\mathrm{{MPa}}$升至${0.54}\mathrm{{MPa}}$。煤油加注好后贮箱压力为${0.15}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,贮箱内煤油液柱压力约${0.05}\mathrm{{MPa}}$(液面至加注活门高度约$6\mathrm{\;m}$)。此时,煤油加注活门反向压差(反向压差$=$密闭容腔内煤油压力一贮箱压力一煤油液柱压力)将达到${0.33}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,而正常情况要求加注活门反向压差应小于${0.02}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,箭上煤油加注活门处于非正常工况,存在被异常反向打开的风险。
煤油抽泄流程因管路末加阀、煤油加注活门关闭, 形成间歇密闭管路, 存在管路煤油温升憋压的风险,可通过以下措施进行优化改进,降低风险。
a)优化煤油抽泄前等待贮箱增压的流程。
为防止煤油加注管路因温升造成憋压, 优化后煤油抽泄流程为:
1)助推煤油加注完成后,沟通地面加注管路至放空罐, 给地面加注管路泄压, 同时岗位人员将密闭加注管路泄压阀通过软管与煤油收集桶连接好, 持续监测末段加注管路压力表, 通过手动泄压阀对密闭管路煤油进行泄压;
2)打开加注管路末加阀,末加管路泄压至零表压,关闭末加阀和近地手动球阀B;
3)地面加注管路、连接器管路增压抽泄。
后续任务中,采用了优化后的抽泄流程,等待贮箱增压过程中,管路压力为${0.0588}\sim {0.1546}\mathrm{{MPa}}$, 消除了煤油加注活门被异常顶开的风险, 措施验证有效。
b)对加注管路进行改造, 增加泄压工装及煤油收集容器。
通过在煤油加注管路卸压截止阀后端增加一个DN10硬管卸压工装,由硬管导入卸压接油桶,接油桶容积约为${50}\mathrm{\;L}$,高度为${500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,顶部为可拆卸式盖板,并在盖板边缘设置一个DN20通孔,在桶侧面设置便携式把手,方便岗位人员搬运,卸压硬管工装和接油桶示意如图3所示。煤油加注结束后, 岗位人员即可将接油桶接在硬管下,打开泄压阀,快速接收泄出的煤油,不用安装铺设卸油软管,减少加注后工作量,减少密闭管路内煤油受热膨胀时间。
煤油抽泄流程中, 因管路末加阀、煤油加注活门关闭,形成密闭管路,管路内煤油与外界环境热交换而使煤油温度升高, 压力上升。本文针对影响管路煤油的主要因素进行分析, 讨论了煤油的压力与温度的关系, 构建和验证了封闭管路形变的热力学模型。依据计算模型数值计算结果, 提出了对现有煤油抽泄流程的优化改进措施, 可以有效降低风险, 避免停放阶段加注管路煤油压力升高而异常打开箭上加注活门的风险, 提高了煤油末段密闭加注管路抽泄流程的可靠性。
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2024年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240307
  • 接收时间:2022-08-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-02
  • 修回日期:2023-10-22
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    中国文昌航天发射场,文昌,571333
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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