Article(id=1148011745685271109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1616601600000, receivedDateStr=2021-03-25, revisedDate=1669219200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636929198, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636929198, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636929198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636929198, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298828890686383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751943793747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895893333, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680832063164456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680832063164457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011745957900873, articleId=1148011745685271109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of Flow Regulator of Hydrogen/Oxygen Rocket Engine, columnId=1154057566893105509, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Propulsion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The flow regulator is the key component to realize the thrust regulation of liquid propellant rocket engine. The dynamic model of the flow regulator is established according to the structure and working principle of the flow regulator of a hydrogen-oxygen engine, and the simulation calculation model of the flow regulator is established by using AMESim software. The simulation work is carried out by using the simulation model of the flow regulator: calculating the flow characteristics of the regulator under different working conditions, verifying the steady-flow characteristics of the regulator, simulating and analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the regulator, and analyzing the influence of the structural parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the regulator. The simulation results reveal the flow and dynamic characteristics of the flow regulator, and provide a direction for the improvement and optimization of the flow regulator.

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流量调节阀是液体火箭发动机推力调节的关键部件,根据某型氢氧发动机流量调节阀的结构与工作原理,建立调节阀的动力学模型,并利用AMESim软件建立了流量调节阀的动态仿真模型。基于流量调节阀仿真模型进行了如下仿真工作:计算不同工况下调节阀的流量特性、验证调节阀的稳流特性、仿真分析调节阀动态特性、分析结构参数对调节阀动态特性的影响。仿真结果揭示了流量调节阀的流量与动态特性,为调节阀的改进优化提供了方向。

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冯岳鹏(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机变推力控制。

郑孟伟(1977—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机总体设计。

薛薇(1981-),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机系统健康监测与健康管理。

刘畅(1993—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机阀门设计与流场仿真。

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冯岳鹏(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机变推力控制。

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冯岳鹏(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机变推力控制。

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郑孟伟(1977—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机总体设计。

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郑孟伟(1977—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机总体设计。

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薛薇(1981-),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机系统健康监测与健康管理。

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薛薇(1981-),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机系统健康监测与健康管理。

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刘畅(1993—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机阀门设计与流场仿真。

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刘畅(1993—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机阀门设计与流场仿真。

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Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2012,33(5): 814-819., articleTitle=Research of the flow regulator nonlinear frequency characteristics by incremental harmonic balance method, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197483677795004564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197483677799198869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, companyId=1197483677795004564, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Beijing,100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197483677807587478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, companyId=1197483677795004564, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京航天动力研究所,北京,100076)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197483679518863542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Structural of flow regulator, figureFileSmall=L5uznW7GS4WjwhTzixGsKw==, figureFileBig=liHM/mjJ90jqfNoHSICDaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483679590166711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=图1, caption=流量调节阀结构

P1—流量调节阀入口压力;P2—中间腔压力;P3—出口压力;P4—弹簧腔压力。

, figureFileSmall=L5uznW7GS4WjwhTzixGsKw==, figureFileBig=liHM/mjJ90jqfNoHSICDaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483679674052792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dynamic simulation model of flow regulator, figureFileSmall=XtueddtvYEpby0nEVsxtKw==, figureFileBig=LvK2iCo5mkAFSB35Te2hPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483679741161657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=图2, caption=流量调节阀动态仿真模型

1—柱塞质量块;2—压差敏感面积;3—弹簧腔;4—弹簧;5—第二级节流副;6—突缩管路;7—入口腔;8—阻尼孔;9—齿轮轴;10—齿轮齿条;11—第一级节流副;12—齿套质量块;13—齿套黏性摩擦力;14—中间腔。

, figureFileSmall=XtueddtvYEpby0nEVsxtKw==, figureFileBig=LvK2iCo5mkAFSB35Te2hPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483679816659130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Flow variation under step perturbation, figureFileSmall=GOsj08qq3SbHeiRr2fsQfQ==, figureFileBig=mI+J881673tk34dtIf7LdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483679875379387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=图3, caption=阶跃扰动下流量变化, figureFileSmall=GOsj08qq3SbHeiRr2fsQfQ==, figureFileBig=mI+J881673tk34dtIf7LdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483679934099644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Flow variation under sinusoidal perturbation, figureFileSmall=EH4m1LYc7FtyfoTqbu38Og==, figureFileBig=Y87dat3DGf7s3/vb/SMopQ==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=The frequency response of the flow rate corresponding to the diameter of different damping holes, figureFileSmall=1iQfgIQ5sM2mcz4tz1ArKw==, figureFileBig=jyL5qLdHfmvdW4ZxnfoApA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483680865235147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同阻尼孔直径对应的流量频率响应, figureFileSmall=1iQfgIQ5sM2mcz4tz1ArKw==, figureFileBig=jyL5qLdHfmvdW4ZxnfoApA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483681976725708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=The step response of the flow rate corresponding to different Coulomb friction force, figureFileSmall=OAF/SsSrJ1OUs5S+2Oi1Ww==, figureFileBig=dzJMn7UuCmIAD3YKAD7JhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483682052223181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同库伦摩擦力对应的流量阶跃响应, figureFileSmall=OAF/SsSrJ1OUs5S+2Oi1Ww==, figureFileBig=dzJMn7UuCmIAD3YKAD7JhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483682102554830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=The frequency response of the flow rate corresponding to different Coulomb friction force, figureFileSmall=SWQSxangCXfp9tTAjJUZBg==, figureFileBig=isPd5/11BBRt/pgKE9Prog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483682173857999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同库伦摩擦力对应的流量频率响应, figureFileSmall=SWQSxangCXfp9tTAjJUZBg==, figureFileBig=isPd5/11BBRt/pgKE9Prog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483682228383952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Steady state parameters of regulator, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 入口压力/MPa 出口压力/MPa 入口温度/K 密度$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}}\right)$ 质量流量$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$
100% 工况 45.1333 38.1706 115.627 1126.17 50.3215
80% 工况 42.2146 29.6683 113.432 1128.68 39.8638
60% 工况 36.0031 22.3010 112.788 1118.82 31.0018
), ArticleFig(id=1197483682287104209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=表1, caption=调节阀稳态参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 入口压力/MPa 出口压力/MPa 入口温度/K 密度$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}}\right)$ 质量流量$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$
100% 工况 45.1333 38.1706 115.627 1126.17 50.3215
80% 工况 42.2146 29.6683 113.432 1128.68 39.8638
60% 工况 36.0031 22.3010 112.788 1118.82 31.0018
), ArticleFig(id=1197483682345824466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Simulation results of flow characteristics of regulator, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 中间腔压力/MPa 柱塞位移/mm 质量流量$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ 流量误差$/\%$
100%工况稳态值 44.5333 19.6582 50.3215 -0.0397
100% 工况仿真值 44.5307 19.6356 50.3015
80% 工况稳态值 41.5702 22.2510 39.8638 -0.0532
80% 工况仿真值 41.5687 22.2288 39.8426
60% 工况稳态值 35.3427 23.1805 31.0018 -0.0755
60% 工况仿真值 35.3419 23.1610 30.9784
), ArticleFig(id=1197483682408739027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011745685271109, language=CN, label=表2, caption=调节阀流量特性仿真结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 中间腔压力/MPa 柱塞位移/mm 质量流量$/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ 流量误差$/\%$
100%工况稳态值 44.5333 19.6582 50.3215 -0.0397
100% 工况仿真值 44.5307 19.6356 50.3015
80% 工况稳态值 41.5702 22.2510 39.8638 -0.0532
80% 工况仿真值 41.5687 22.2288 39.8426
60% 工况稳态值 35.3427 23.1805 31.0018 -0.0755
60% 工况仿真值 35.3419 23.1610 30.9784
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氢氧火箭发动机流量调节阀动态仿真分析
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冯岳鹏 , 郑孟伟 , 薛薇 , 刘畅
导弹与航天运载技术 | 动力系统 2024,47(1): 51-56
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导弹与航天运载技术 | 动力系统 2024, 47(1): 51-56
氢氧火箭发动机流量调节阀动态仿真分析
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冯岳鹏, 郑孟伟, 薛薇, 刘畅
作者信息
  • 北京航天动力研究所,北京,100076
  • 冯岳鹏(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机变推力控制。

    郑孟伟(1977—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为液体火箭发动机总体设计。

    薛薇(1981-),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机系统健康监测与健康管理。

    刘畅(1993—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为火箭发动机阀门设计与流场仿真。

Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of Flow Regulator of Hydrogen/Oxygen Rocket Engine
Yuepeng FENG, Mengwei ZHENG, Wei XUE, Chang LIU
Affiliations
  • Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240110
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流量调节阀是液体火箭发动机推力调节的关键部件,根据某型氢氧发动机流量调节阀的结构与工作原理,建立调节阀的动力学模型,并利用AMESim软件建立了流量调节阀的动态仿真模型。基于流量调节阀仿真模型进行了如下仿真工作:计算不同工况下调节阀的流量特性、验证调节阀的稳流特性、仿真分析调节阀动态特性、分析结构参数对调节阀动态特性的影响。仿真结果揭示了流量调节阀的流量与动态特性,为调节阀的改进优化提供了方向。

液体火箭发动机  /  流量调节阀  /  AMESim  /  流量特性  /  动态特性

The flow regulator is the key component to realize the thrust regulation of liquid propellant rocket engine. The dynamic model of the flow regulator is established according to the structure and working principle of the flow regulator of a hydrogen-oxygen engine, and the simulation calculation model of the flow regulator is established by using AMESim software. The simulation work is carried out by using the simulation model of the flow regulator: calculating the flow characteristics of the regulator under different working conditions, verifying the steady-flow characteristics of the regulator, simulating and analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the regulator, and analyzing the influence of the structural parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the regulator. The simulation results reveal the flow and dynamic characteristics of the flow regulator, and provide a direction for the improvement and optimization of the flow regulator.

liquid rocket engine  /  flow regulator  /  AMESim  /  flow characteristics  /  dynamic characteristics
冯岳鹏, 郑孟伟, 薛薇, 刘畅. 氢氧火箭发动机流量调节阀动态仿真分析. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2024 , 47 (1) : 51 -56 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240110
Yuepeng FENG, Mengwei ZHENG, Wei XUE, Chang LIU. Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of Flow Regulator of Hydrogen/Oxygen Rocket Engine[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2024 , 47 (1) : 51 -56 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240110
流量调节阀是现代液体火箭发动机进行推力与混合比调节时经常采用的一种自动调节装置, 一般安装在燃气发生器或推力室的推进剂供应管路中, 用于满足燃气发生器或推力室在发动机的整个工作过程中对推进剂流量稳定和调节的要求[1-2]。流量调节阀的静态、动态性能的好坏将直接影响发动机的工作性能[3-4],需要对其流量与动态特性进行全面、深入的研究, 而单纯依靠试验的方式研究其动态特性不仅成本高、周期长, 而且试验系统难以施加理想的压力扰动, 因此有必要采用仿真的方式对流量调节阀特性进行全面的研究。
某型氢氧发动机的液氧流量调节阀采用齿套柱塞的方案,其结构如图1所示。
齿套柱塞方案的流量调节装置采用齿轮齿条传动方式, 驱动机构旋转齿轮轴带动齿套移动, 将电机旋转运动转变为齿套的轴向直线运动,从而改变齿套上节流窗口的面积, 实现调节流量的功能。流量稳定装置的敏感面积处于柱塞与杯套间的环形面, 以此来感受第一级节流副的差压变化, 以压差作用力与弹簧力的相互作用调整柱塞位移, 通过改变柱塞右端与壳体形成的环形过流面积, 达到稳定第一级节流副压差的目的, 从而稳定调节阀的流量。
根据前面的流量调节阀结构介绍, 可以给出调节阀动态方程。在建立流量调节阀静态特性方程时, 忽略流量调节阀的介质泄漏现象,且认为调节阀进口、 出口、中间腔的介质温度、密度是一致的, 则流量调节阀的动态方程[5]
$\left({\frac{l}{A}+ \frac{{l}_{1}}{{A}_{1}}}\right)\frac{\mathrm{d}{q}_{\mathrm{m}1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= {P}_{1}- {P}_{2}- \frac{1}{{2\rho }{\left({\mu }_{1}{A}_{1}\right)}^{2}}{q}_{\mathrm{m}1}^{2}$
$\frac{{l}_{2}}{{A}_{2}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{q}_{\mathrm{m}2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= {P}_{2}- {P}_{3}- \frac{1}{{2\rho }{\left({\mu }_{2}{A}_{2}\right)}^{2}}{q}_{\mathrm{m}2}^{2}$
$\frac{{l}_{3}}{{A}_{3}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{q}_{\mathrm{m}3}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= {P}_{2}- {P}_{4}- \frac{1}{{2\rho }{\left({\mu }_{3}{A}_{3}\right)}^{2}}{q}_{\mathrm{m}3}^{2}$
$\frac{V}{{a}^{2}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{P}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= {q}_{\mathrm{m}1}- {q}_{\mathrm{m}2}- {q}_{\mathrm{m}3}+ \rho {A}_{\mathrm{p}}\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{\;d}t}$
$\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{P}}}{{a}^{2}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{P}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= {q}_{\mathrm{m}3}$
$ m\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{2}x}{\mathrm{\;d}{t}^{2}}= {A}_{\mathrm{p}}\left({{P}_{1}- {P}_{2}}\right)- {F}_{0}- f\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{\;d}t}- {f}_{\mathrm{c}}\operatorname{sign}\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\right)- {Kx}+ {F}_{\mathrm{T}}$
式中${q}_{\mathrm{m}1},{q}_{\mathrm{m}2},{q}_{\mathrm{m}3}$分别为流过第一节流副、第二级节流副、阻尼孔的质量流量;${P}_{1},{P}_{2},{P}_{3},{P}_{4}$分别为流量调节阀入口压力、中间腔压力、出口压力、弹簧腔压力;$A, l, V, a$分别为中间腔的平均截面积、长度、 体积以及介质声速;${A}_{1},{l}_{2}$分别为第一级节流副流通面积、节流长度;${A}_{2},{l}_{2}$分别为第二级节流副流通面积、 节流长度;${A}_{3},{l}_{3}$分别为阻尼孔的流通面积、节流长度;${A}_{\mathrm{P}}$为柱塞压差敏感面积;${V}_{\mathrm{P}}$为弹簧腔的体积;$m$为柱塞质量;$f,{f}_{\mathrm{c}}$分别为柱塞受到的黏性摩擦系数和库伦摩擦力;$K,{F}_{0}$分别为弹簧刚度、弹簧预紧力;${F}_{\mathrm{T}}$为柱塞受到的液动力。
将上述方程中的微分项系数设为0 ,则可以得到阀门的静态特性方程:
${P}_{1}- {P}_{2}= \frac{1}{{2\rho }{\left({\mu }_{1}{A}_{1}\right)}^{2}}{q}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}^{2}$
${P}_{2}- {P}_{3}= \frac{1}{{2\rho }{\left({\mu }_{2}{A}_{2}\right)}^{2}}{q}_{\mathrm{m}2}^{2}$
${A}_{\mathrm{p}}\left({{P}_{1}- {P}_{2}}\right)= {F}_{0}+ {Kx}- {F}_{\mathrm{T}}+ {f}_{\mathrm{c}}$
如果将流量调节阀作为节流孔板处理势必会损失阀门内部参数的动态变化信息, 所以需要对其建立完整的动力学模型。依据流量调节阀结构和工作原理, 将调节阀分割为多个小物理单元, 如进出口管路、第一级节流副、第二级节流副、柱塞、调节弹簧、阻尼孔等元件,然后将AMESim仿真软件[6]作为计算平台, 基于最大程度上利用自有元件库的原则, 优先选用了自有库的元件,在此基础上使用$\mathrm{C}$语言,利用AMESet工具二次开发了个别元件, 所有元件一并组合成流量调节阀。图2为利用AMESim建立的液氧流量调节阀的仿真模型,并给出了调节阀组件的注释。 AMESim中自带的流体物性模块和液压元件库为流量调节阀的动态仿真提供了便利。
由于流量调节阀有两级节流装置, 需要进行压降的分配, 为保证流量调节阀的稳流效果, 其第二级节流副的压降应远大于第一级节流副,所以使第一级节流副的压降不大于调节阀额定压降的10%,且通常在0.4~0.8 MPa之间选取[7],再结合发动机工况调节范围内调节阀的最大压降为${13.702}\;1\;\mathrm{{MPa}}$,最小压降为6.962 7 MPa, 确定第一级节流副的额定压降为${0.6}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,结合流量调节阀的动力学模型,利用静态特性方程即可确定调节阀弹簧的预紧力。
流量调节阀利用驱动机构旋转齿轮轴带动齿套移动, 从而改变齿套上节流窗口的面积, 实现调节流量的功能, 满足发动机调节工况的要求。基于流量调节阀的静态特性方程, 再结合已知的调节阀稳态参数 (见表1)中调节阀的出入口压力、温度和流量,即可求解得到流量调节阀各工况下的节流窗口长度及中间腔压力、栓塞位移等参数静态值。已知流量调节阀各工况下的出入口压力、温度和节流窗口长度, 利用调节阀的AMESim模型即可求解出各工况的仿真值, 并与静态参数匹配的结果进行对比,如表2所示。
表2可知, 仿真模型的流量仿真值与流量稳态计算值符合较好, 3种工况的流量最大误差为0.0755%, 可验证AMESim所建立的流量调节阀模型的准确性。
流量调节阀在工作过程中会受到来自入口或出口的压力扰动,所以调节阀既要有调节流量的功能,也需要具备抵抗压力扰动、稳定流量的能力。在流量调节阀动态模型中加入阶跃形式和正弦形式的压力扰动, 可以得到调节阀的阶跃响应特性和频率响应特性[8],动态仿真中设置柱塞所受库伦摩擦力为${50}\mathrm{\;N}$
流量调节阀的柱塞在压差作用力和弹簧力的共同作用下可以起到稳定流量的作用, 基于AMESim动态模型, 在流量调节阀设计工况时分别对调节阀施加${\Delta P}= 2\mathrm{{MPa}}$的阶跃压力扰动和${\Delta P}= 2\mathrm{{MPa}}\text{、}f = 5\mathrm{{Hz}}$的正弦压力扰动, 对比调节阀柱塞自由与锁死两种状态下调节阀流量的变化过程, 验证流量调节阀的稳流特性, 仿真结果如图3图4所示。
图3可以看出, 柱塞自由的流量调节阀在阶跃扰动下稳流作用明显,柱塞自由时,受干扰后的流量在${0.01}\mathrm{\;s}$左右再次稳定,稳定流量稍有增大,增幅为${0.85}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$,而柱塞锁死状态下流量增幅达到${6.9}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$, 柱塞自由时的流量增幅只为柱塞锁死时的12.32%;由图4可以看到正弦扰动下柱塞锁死状态流量波动幅值为${14.79}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$,而柱塞自由状态下流量变化幅值为${2.97}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$,此流量波动幅值仅为柱塞锁死状态的20.08%。由此可知, 流量调节阀具有较好的稳流效果。
在设计工况下, 当流量调节阀的流量稳定后, 在流量调节阀的入口施加阶跃压力扰动, 分别施加4种不同的阶跃扰动,${\Delta P}$分别为$2\mathrm{{MPa}}$$1\mathrm{{MPa}}$$-1\mathrm{{MPa}}$$-2\mathrm{{MPa}}$,仿真分析流量调节阀的阶跃响应特性。
设计工况下阀门流量与柱塞位移的仿真结果如图5图6所示。由于库伦摩擦力的影响,阶跃压力增大与减小时的初始流量存在着$1\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$左右的误差, 初始柱塞位移存在${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$左右的误差。流量调节阀入口压力无论是阶跃增大还是阶跃减小, 调节阀再次稳定后的流量相较于初始流量变化很小; 阶跃扰动幅值为$2\mathrm{{MPa}}$$1\mathrm{{MPa}}$$-1\mathrm{{MPa}}$$-2\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,流量波动幅值分别为${8.3}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$${4.2}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$$-{5.3}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$$-{11.2}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$, 压力阶跃幅值越大, 流量波动幅值也越大, 而且同等阶跃幅值下,阶跃减小的流量波动幅值要大于阶跃增大的流量波动幅值, 阶跃减小的流量调整时间也要长于阶跃增大的流量调整时间。当流量调节阀入口压力阶跃增大时, 柱塞位移增大, 位移变化量随入口压力变化量的增大而增大, 入口压力阶跃减小时, 柱塞位移减小,位移变化量随入口压力变化量的增大而增大; 同等阶跃幅值下, 阶跃减小的柱塞位移变化量要大于阶跃增大的柱塞位移, 阶跃减小的柱塞位移调整时间也要长于阶跃增大的柱塞位移调整时间, 这与流量变化规律是一致的。
由上面的分析结果可以看出, 流量调节阀抑制入口压力正向压力扰动的能力强于负向压力扰动。造成这一现象的原因为调节阀上游压力增大时, 弹簧压缩, 柱塞敏感面积右侧的弹簧腔容积减小, 所以其感应第一节流副压降的响应速度变快,响应时间就会变短。
在设计工况下,对流量调节阀入口施加${\Delta P}=$$2\mathrm{{MPa}}\text{、}f ={20}\mathrm{{Hz}}$的正弦压力扰动,图7为对压力扰动、调节阀流量和柱塞位置做归一化处理后的相位特性曲线。当流量调节阀上游压力按周期变化时, 调节阀输出流量和柱塞位移都在以同周期波动, 其中质量流量超前于压降变化,而柱塞位移滞后于压降变化。
在设计工况下,施加幅值${\Delta P}= 2\mathrm{{MPa}}$的压力扰动, 分析不同扰动频率下调节阀的幅频特性与相频特性[9],其中幅频特性为出口流量及滑阀位移的无量纲振幅(振荡幅值与时均值之比)相对入口压力无量纲振幅的比值随频率变化曲线, 相频特性为出口流量及滑阀位移振动与入口压力振动的相位差。
图8为调节阀质量流量和柱塞位置对扰动的幅频特性图, 从图中曲线特点分析得出, 随着压力扰动频率的增大, 质量流量脉动相对调节阀前压力扰动的幅值先迅速变大,而后逐渐趋于稳定, 柱塞位移脉动相对于调节阀前压力扰动的幅值先迅速变小, 而后逐渐趋近于0。在低于${25}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$的低频压力扰动范围内,质量流量波动幅值相对压力扰动的幅值较小, 而柱塞位移波动幅值相对于压力扰动的幅值较大, 说明此频率范围内调节阀具有较好的抗低频干扰能力。
图9为调节阀质量流量和柱塞位置对压力扰动的相频特性,由图9可知,在压力扰动频率为${12}\mathrm{{Hz}}$左右时, 质量流量相位相对于压力扰动相位的超前量达到最大值${55}^{\circ }$,在更高频率范围内,质量流量相位超前量逐渐减小,趋向于${0}^{\circ }$。柱塞位移相位的滞后量随压力扰动频率的增大而逐渐增大,并逐渐趋近于${80}^{\circ }$
综合调节阀的幅频特性与相频特性, 压力扰动频率大于${100}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$时,质量流量脉动幅值基本不再变化, 柱塞位移的脉动幅值也接近于0 ,同时质量流量的相位超前量与柱塞位移的相位滞后量都基本不再变化, 说明柱塞几乎终止了对压降变化的响应, 质量流量脉动的相位开始随压降变化而变化, 其与压降之间的相位差基本保持恒定, 调节阀此时的工作状态相当于一个单纯的节流装置。若要求调节阀具有较好的稳流特性,就需要使扰动频率低于${25}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$
阻尼孔是调节阀实现流量稳定的重要环节, 其结构参数的变化对调节阀的动态性能有着不可忽视的影响。图10图11分别给出了不同阻尼孔直径的调节阀在设计工况下的阶跃响应曲线和频率响应曲线。
首先对阀门施加$2\mathrm{{MPa}}$的阶跃压力扰动,当阻尼孔直径减小时, 调节阀流量的响应时间变长, 流量阶跃响应的超调量也有所增大。对调节阀施加${\Delta P}=$$2\mathrm{{MPa}}\text{、}f ={20}\mathrm{{Hz}}$的正弦压力扰动,阻尼孔直径变小, 质量流量的波动范围增大, 流量变化对压降变化的超前量减小。综上分析, 当调节阀阻尼孔直径增大, 可以增强其抵抗阶跃扰动和正弦扰动的能力, 但当直径超过$6\mathrm{\;{mm}}$后,增大阻尼孔直径对调节阀的影响已不明显,因此通过增大阻尼孔直径的办法提高调节阀抗压力扰动能力的作用是有限的。
由于液氧的黏性系数很小, 所以其对柱塞的黏性摩擦可以忽略不计, 重点关注库伦摩擦对调节阀动态特性的影响。不同库伦摩擦力的调节阀施加${\Delta P}=$$2\mathrm{{MPa}}$的阶跃扰动和${\Delta P}= 2\mathrm{{MPa}}\text{、}f ={20}\mathrm{{Hz}}$的正弦扰动, 其对应的流量阶跃响应和正弦响应曲线如图1213所示, 由于库伦摩擦力会导致一定的稳态误差, 且摩擦越大稳态误差也越大, 所以对流量响应曲线的数据做归一化处理。
图12中展示出柱塞在承受不同大小库伦摩擦时, 调节阀的上游压力阶跃扰动的流量响应, 由图12可以看出,库伦摩擦力${f}_{\mathrm{c}}= 0\mathrm{N}$的曲线响应后半段的振荡时间较长,但振荡幅度较小,而库伦摩擦力${f}_{\mathrm{c}}= {100}\mathrm{\;N}$${f}_{\mathrm{e}}= {50}\mathrm{\;N}$的曲线基本重合在一起,且较快趋于稳定。由图13中正弦响应曲线可以看出, 库伦摩擦力越小, 调节阀流量的正弦响应变化幅值就越大, 而且是均值偏离稳态值的越远, 所以减小库伦摩擦可以改善调节阀的动态特性。
通过对流量调节阀特性的仿真研究, 得到以下结论:
a)基于流量调节阀的结构与工作原理,以AMESim为平台搭建其动态仿真模型, 各工况仿真结果与静态参数匹配的结果误差在0.0755% 以内, 以此验证模型的准确性。
b)流量调节阀具有很好的稳流效果, 当调节阀受到阶跃扰动时, 其流量变化仅为柱塞锁死状态的12.32%,而当调节阀受到正弦扰动时,其流量波动也仅为柱塞锁死状态的20.08%。
c)通过研究流量调节阀的阶跃响应可知流量调节阀抑制其入口正向压力扰动的能力强于负向压力扰动, 由流量调节阀的频率响应特性可知质量流量变化曲线超前于压降变化, 而柱塞位移曲线滞后于压降变化, 综合调节阀的幅频特性与相频特性发现流量调节阀可以很好地抑制${25}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$以下的低频压力扰动。
d)通过增大调节阀阻尼孔直径与减小柱塞库伦摩擦力, 都可以改善流量调节阀的动态性能, 提高调节阀的抗干扰能力。在增大阻尼孔直径时, 当直径大于$6\mathrm{\;{mm}}$时,其对调节阀的改善效果不再明显,因此通过增大阻尼孔直径的办法提高调节阀抗压力扰动能力的作用是有限的, 减小柱塞的库伦摩擦力可以减小正弦压力扰动下流量波动幅值。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240110
  • 接收时间:2021-03-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-25
  • 修回日期:2022-11-24
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    北京航天动力研究所,北京,100076
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