Article(id=1148011750592607086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240105, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1625846400000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-10, revisedDate=1645804800000, revisedDateStr=2022-02-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751636930368, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751636930368, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751636930367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751636930367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149298828890686383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, year='2024', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751943793747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754895893333, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1161680832063164456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1161680832063164457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, issueId=1149298828890686383, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=24, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148011750751990656, articleId=1148011750592607086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, language=EN, title=Numerical Investigation on the Drags Trait of a Supersonic Inlet Curved Duct Near the Exit, columnId=1154057568293999177, journalTitle=Missiles and Space Vehicles, columnName=Launch Vehicle and Missile, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The matching design of thrust and drag is the core issue in the design of air-breathing vehicles. In order to obtain the drag trait of the inlet and reduce the interior drag, and then improve the overall performance of the air-breathing vehicles, a study on the cold-flow drag trait of a supersonic, twin-duct inlet is conducted with a CFD method. By comparing the flow characteristics and drag trait of the inlets with different length, turning angle, divergence ratio of the curved ducts, drag allocation proportion of different parts of the inlet is acquired and effects of the geometric parameters on the flow structure and drag are attained. Results indicate that a flow separation will probably generate in the curved duct of a twin-duct inlet at a cold-flow condition, which results in a large loss of the flow. It is noted that the drag of the curved duct accounts for majority of the entire inlet when there is no spilled flow. The drag of the curved duct can be reduced by decreasing the turning angle or increasing the divergence ratio of the curved duct. However, due to the interrelationship between the curved ducts' length and turning radius, the drag of the curved duct firstly reduces and then turns to rising with the increment of the curved ducts' length at a fixed design condition.

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推阻匹配设计是吸气式飞行器设计的核心问题,为了获取进气道的阻力特性并降低内流阻力,提高吸气式飞行器的总体性能,采用数值方法对超声速双侧布局进气道的冷流阻力特性开展研究,对比分析了不同转弯长度、转弯角度、扩张比下的弯段流态和阻力特性;获得了进气道內阻的分配比例及关键几何参数对弯段流场结构和进气道内阻的影响特性。结果表明:对于双侧布局的进气道,冷流条件下弯段内容易发生流动分离,存在较大的流动损失,在不产生溢流的情况下,弯段内阻占整个进气道内阻的大部分。分析发现,减小转弯角度或增加弯段扩张比均可降低进气道弯段内阻,而转弯长度与转弯半径相互影响,在给定的设计条件下,弯段内阻随转弯长度的增加先减小后增大。

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温玉芬(1986-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为内外流空气动力学。

高晶晶(1987—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

张正(1989—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器气动设计。

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温玉芬(1986-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为内外流空气动力学。

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温玉芬(1986-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为内外流空气动力学。

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高晶晶(1987—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

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高晶晶(1987—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

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Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2010,28(1): 104-108., articleTitle=Analysis and investigation of internal drags trait in two-dimensional hypersonic inlets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197483642013397123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=20, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=周宏奎, 张堃元, journalName=长春理工大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=周宏奎, 张堃元. 二元高超声速进气道外压段阻力的理论分析及初步减阻研究[J]. 长春理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2010,33(3): 20-25., articleTitle=二元高超声速进气道外压段阻力的理论分析及初步减阻研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197483642118254724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=20, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=ZHOU Hongkui, ZHANG Kunyuan, journalName=Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Natural and Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Hongkui, ZHANG Kunyuan. The oretical analysis on the drag of two-dimensional hypersonic inlet's external compression and initial research on reducing the drag[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Natural and Science Edition), 2010,33(3): 20-25., articleTitle=The oretical analysis on the drag of two-dimensional hypersonic inlet's external compression and initial research on reducing the drag, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197483642189557893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1981, volume=11, issue=18, pageStart=943, pageEnd=950, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=TINDELL R H, journalName=Journal of Aircraft, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TINDELL R H. Inlet drag and stability considerations for M0-2.00 design[J]. 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Journal of Aircraft, 1994,3(11): 616-622., articleTitle=Inlet drag prediction for aircraft conceptual design, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197483630072213560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197483630084796473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, companyId=1197483630072213560, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing,100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197483630097379386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, companyId=1197483630072213560, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197483631858987093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Configuration of the inlet curved duct of the base model, figureFileSmall=ekyTRMIYXGKHqw+6iZQLWQ==, figureFileBig=QDFnJo3kKuW6+IjAVil8Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483631917707350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基准方案进气道出口弯段模型, figureFileSmall=ekyTRMIYXGKHqw+6iZQLWQ==, figureFileBig=QDFnJo3kKuW6+IjAVil8Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633012420695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Adopted computational grid of the inlet for base model, figureFileSmall=YQqmMVsZK33iV68UZWQ0wA==, figureFileBig=bWe9/RhtpxBUVYxZHVy/cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633075335256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图2, caption=计算中基准方案进气道所采用的网格, figureFileSmall=YQqmMVsZK33iV68UZWQ0wA==, figureFileBig=bWe9/RhtpxBUVYxZHVy/cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633129861209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Contour plots of Mach number and streamline distributions of the inlet curved duct for base model, figureFileSmall=NlwT9HCWDPyRThBbd4e8Rw==, figureFileBig=Bm9MYLNyAzkErrL5Cpfcbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633188581466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基准方案的弯段马赫数云图和流线分布

Wall A—外侧壁面;Wall B—内侧壁面。

, figureFileSmall=NlwT9HCWDPyRThBbd4e8Rw==, figureFileBig=Bm9MYLNyAzkErrL5Cpfcbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633247301723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Contour plots of total pressure recovery coefficient and streamline distributions of the curved duct for base model, figureFileSmall=MKicSxRME2Q5NMpvO6petQ==, figureFileBig=5E4a6LE68ERYU+WWhLRW5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633322799196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基准方案的弯段总压恢复系数云图和流线分布, figureFileSmall=MKicSxRME2Q5NMpvO6petQ==, figureFileBig=5E4a6LE68ERYU+WWhLRW5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633440239709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Static pressure distributions of the external and internal side wall central lines of the curved ducts for base model, figureFileSmall=HOiy71Yyxa3RA/Y9VK8Q7w==, figureFileBig=365wRQHxWeZ6SnBWw6RrWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633498959966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基准方案的弯段内、外侧壁面中心线沿程静压分布, figureFileSmall=HOiy71Yyxa3RA/Y9VK8Q7w==, figureFileBig=365wRQHxWeZ6SnBWw6RrWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633574457439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Contour plots of total pressure recovery coefficient and streamline distributions of the curved ducts with different lengths, figureFileSmall=kFnqAS7NWqihj5Iu6u73uw==, figureFileBig=PTlieL3lJWuoV6OSSuF1iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633725452384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同长度方案的弯段总压恢复系数云图和流线分布, figureFileSmall=kFnqAS7NWqihj5Iu6u73uw==, figureFileBig=PTlieL3lJWuoV6OSSuF1iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633779978337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Static pressure distributions of the external side wall central lines of the curved ducts with different lengths, figureFileSmall=X6P9uvljsbCiBctetCsabw==, figureFileBig=Aya2Ez8X+nyMDFVWOQOl1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633851281506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同长度方案的弯段外侧壁面中心线沿程静压分布, figureFileSmall=X6P9uvljsbCiBctetCsabw==, figureFileBig=Aya2Ez8X+nyMDFVWOQOl1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633914196067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Contour plots of total pressure recovery coefficient and streamline distributions of the curved ducts with different turning angles, figureFileSmall=x+hcXhK4lWY0huZlODt13g==, figureFileBig=vmhqBVKpGv3m9WX147Nnfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483633981304932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同转弯角度方案的弯段总压恢复系数云图和流线分布, figureFileSmall=x+hcXhK4lWY0huZlODt13g==, figureFileBig=vmhqBVKpGv3m9WX147Nnfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483635919073381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Static pressure distributions of the external side wall central lines of the curved ducts with different turning angles, figureFileSmall=qIUVcBOI7hwBsKp6+HwNzg==, figureFileBig=2xne6Dj3XfJSmEvNT36qeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483636065874022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同转弯角度的弯段外侧壁面中心线沿程静压分布, figureFileSmall=qIUVcBOI7hwBsKp6+HwNzg==, figureFileBig=2xne6Dj3XfJSmEvNT36qeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483636149760103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Contour plots of total pressure recovery coefficient and streamline distributions of the curved ducts with different divergence ratios, figureFileSmall=xNYRAufFgePzi24CNdXZgA==, figureFileBig=Vo7JPOELUWa26i1VqynsdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483636229451880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同扩张比方案的弯段总压恢复系数云图和流线分布, figureFileSmall=xNYRAufFgePzi24CNdXZgA==, figureFileBig=Vo7JPOELUWa26i1VqynsdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483636309143657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Static pressure distributions of the external side wall central lines of the curved ducts with different divergence ratios, figureFileSmall=L8fiZTQxtY9x1Z6yHp52LA==, figureFileBig=3Ns/TpRPM0qes49qhcF8zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483636388835434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同扩张比方案的弯段外侧壁面中心线沿程静压分布, figureFileSmall=L8fiZTQxtY9x1Z6yHp52LA==, figureFileBig=3Ns/TpRPM0qes49qhcF8zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197483637475160171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Parameters of different curved ducts, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 $L$ $\theta$/(°) ${A}_{\text{out }}/{A}_{\text{in }}$
方案1 (基准方案) 1.76H 45 1.47
方案2 ${1.43H}$ 45 1.47
方案3 ${1.10H}$ 45 1.47
方案4 1.76H 30 1.47
方案5 1.76H 60 1.47
方案6 1.76H 45 1.20
方案7 1.76H 45 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637546463340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=表1, caption=不同的弯段模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 $L$ $\theta$/(°) ${A}_{\text{out }}/{A}_{\text{in }}$
方案1 (基准方案) 1.76H 45 1.47
方案2 ${1.43H}$ 45 1.47
方案3 ${1.10H}$ 45 1.47
方案4 1.76H 30 1.47
方案5 1.76H 60 1.47
方案6 1.76H 45 1.20
方案7 1.76H 45 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637605183597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Interior drag coefficient of the inlet for base model, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/{C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}/{C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$
0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 82.1% 17.9%
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637663903854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=表2, caption=基准方案的进气道内阻系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/{C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}/{C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$
0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 82.1% 17.9%
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637735207023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Interior drag coefficient of the inlets with different length of the curved ducts, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 $L$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ $\Delta {C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\%$
基准方案 1.76H 0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 -
方案2 ${1.43H}$ 0.1545 0.0355 0.1900 -5.4
方案3 ${1.10}\mathrm{H}$ 0.1958 0.0355 0.2313 19.9
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637793927280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=表3, caption=不同弯段长度方案的进气道内阻系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 $L$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ $\Delta {C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\%$
基准方案 1.76H 0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 -
方案2 ${1.43H}$ 0.1545 0.0355 0.1900 -5.4
方案3 ${1.10}\mathrm{H}$ 0.1958 0.0355 0.2313 19.9
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637856841841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=Interior drag coefficient of the inlets with different turning angle of the curved ducts, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 θ/(°) ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ $\Delta {C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\%$
方案4 30 0.0815 0.0355 0.1170 -50.1
基准方案 45 0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 -
方案5 60 0.2158 0.0355 0.2513 32.1
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637923950706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=表4, caption=不同转弯角度方案的进气道内阻系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 θ/(°) ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ $\Delta {C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\%$
方案4 30 0.0815 0.0355 0.1170 -50.1
基准方案 45 0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 -
方案5 60 0.2158 0.0355 0.2513 32.1
), ArticleFig(id=1197483637991059571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=Interior drag coefficient of the inlets with different divergence ratio of the curved ducts, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 ${A}_{\text{out }}/{A}_{\text{in }}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ $\Delta {C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\%$
基准方案 1.47 0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 -
方案6 1.20 0.1771 0.0355 0.2126 8.4
方案7 1.00 0.1878 0.0355 0.2233 15.0
), ArticleFig(id=1197483638062362740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119989267898375, articleId=1148011750592607086, language=CN, label=表5, caption=不同扩张比方案的进气道内阻系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 ${A}_{\text{out }}/{A}_{\text{in }}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ ${C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$ $\Delta {C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\%$
基准方案 1.47 0.1633 0.0355 0.1988 -
方案6 1.20 0.1771 0.0355 0.2126 8.4
方案7 1.00 0.1878 0.0355 0.2233 15.0
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超声速进气道出口弯段的阻力特性数值研究
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温玉芬 , 高晶晶 , 张正
导弹与航天运载技术 | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2024,47(1): 24-29
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导弹与航天运载技术 | 运载器及导弹总体技术 2024, 47(1): 24-29
超声速进气道出口弯段的阻力特性数值研究
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温玉芬, 高晶晶, 张正
作者信息
  • 中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076
  • 温玉芬(1986-),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为内外流空气动力学。

    高晶晶(1987—),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计。

    张正(1989—),男,工程师,主要研究方向为飞行器气动设计。

Numerical Investigation on the Drags Trait of a Supersonic Inlet Curved Duct Near the Exit
Yufen WEN, Jingjing GAO, Zheng ZHANG
Affiliations
  • China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing,100076
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240105
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推阻匹配设计是吸气式飞行器设计的核心问题,为了获取进气道的阻力特性并降低内流阻力,提高吸气式飞行器的总体性能,采用数值方法对超声速双侧布局进气道的冷流阻力特性开展研究,对比分析了不同转弯长度、转弯角度、扩张比下的弯段流态和阻力特性;获得了进气道內阻的分配比例及关键几何参数对弯段流场结构和进气道内阻的影响特性。结果表明:对于双侧布局的进气道,冷流条件下弯段内容易发生流动分离,存在较大的流动损失,在不产生溢流的情况下,弯段内阻占整个进气道内阻的大部分。分析发现,减小转弯角度或增加弯段扩张比均可降低进气道弯段内阻,而转弯长度与转弯半径相互影响,在给定的设计条件下,弯段内阻随转弯长度的增加先减小后增大。

超声速进气道  /  阻力  /  弯段  /  流动损失  /  分离

The matching design of thrust and drag is the core issue in the design of air-breathing vehicles. In order to obtain the drag trait of the inlet and reduce the interior drag, and then improve the overall performance of the air-breathing vehicles, a study on the cold-flow drag trait of a supersonic, twin-duct inlet is conducted with a CFD method. By comparing the flow characteristics and drag trait of the inlets with different length, turning angle, divergence ratio of the curved ducts, drag allocation proportion of different parts of the inlet is acquired and effects of the geometric parameters on the flow structure and drag are attained. Results indicate that a flow separation will probably generate in the curved duct of a twin-duct inlet at a cold-flow condition, which results in a large loss of the flow. It is noted that the drag of the curved duct accounts for majority of the entire inlet when there is no spilled flow. The drag of the curved duct can be reduced by decreasing the turning angle or increasing the divergence ratio of the curved duct. However, due to the interrelationship between the curved ducts' length and turning radius, the drag of the curved duct firstly reduces and then turns to rising with the increment of the curved ducts' length at a fixed design condition.

supersonic inlet  /  drag  /  curved duct  /  loss of the flow  /  separation
温玉芬, 高晶晶, 张正. 超声速进气道出口弯段的阻力特性数值研究. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2024 , 47 (1) : 24 -29 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240105
Yufen WEN, Jingjing GAO, Zheng ZHANG. Numerical Investigation on the Drags Trait of a Supersonic Inlet Curved Duct Near the Exit[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2024 , 47 (1) : 24 -29 . DOI: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240105
进气道是吸气式飞行器推进系统的重要组成部件, 同时也是发动机的主要阻力部件, 其阻力特性直接影响飞行器的推力性能。对于旁侧进气布局的飞行器, 在进气道出口附近通常以弯段的形式将进气道与发动机进行连接。这种流道的弯曲会带来较大的流动损失, 进而导致内阻增大, 尤其在飞行器总体设计的限制下, 流道甚至可能出现较剧烈的弯曲, 在进气道超临界工作状态下容易形成局部分离区, 导致涡流损失, 使得进气道内阻急剧上升, 对飞行器的推阻匹配设计不利。目前, 针对超声速进气道和高超声速进气道的阻力特性已有较多的研究。文献[1]~文献[3]对轴对称进气道、二元进气道和侧压式进气道的附加阻力特性进行了研究, 获得了不同形式的进气道附加阻力特点和变化规律, 然而这些研究仅针对进气道在溢流状态下的附加阻力进行分析, 未涉及到进气道内部阻力的分配及关键几何参数对进气道阻力的影响; 文献[4]~文献[6]采用数值方法分析了侧压式进气道内部阻力的分配比例及不同几何设计参数对进气道阻力的影响关系, 但其集中对进气道喉道上游流道的内阻进行研究, 未考虑进气道扩张段及进气道与发动机连接部段的阻力;南京航空航天大学[7-8]对一种二元高超声速进气道在不同马赫数下的内阻特性进行了研究, 并结合动量损失与能量损失, 对进气道外压段阻力进行了理论分析; Tindell等[9]对不同形式的进气道特性进行试验研究, 分析了边界层吸除及辅助旁气门等对进气道阻力的影响;Malan等[10]对4种不同形式进气道的阻力特性进行预示研究, 然而这些研究均是针对进气道进行单独分析, 未对流动损失较大的连接弯段进行研究。
综上所述, 国内外针对旁侧进气布局形式的进气道与发动机连接弯段的阻力特性的研究还较少。考虑到进气道与发动机连接弯段的流动损失较大, 甚至可能会发生流动分离, 从而带来较大的内部阻力, 进而影响整个飞行器的推力特性, 为此, 本文对一种超声速混压式双侧二元进气道在冷流状态下的内阻特性开展研究, 分析进气道内阻的分配比例, 并针对进气道与发动机的连接弯段, 研究不同弯段长度、转弯角度、 弯段扩张比等几何设计参数对进气道内阻的影响。
本文设计了一种超声速混压式双侧二元进气道, 该进气道主要由压缩段、扩张段、出口弯段组成。进气道的设计封口马赫数为3.0 , 采用两楔外压缩方式, 各级压缩楔角分别为${9}^{\circ }$${19}^{\circ }$
出口弯段用于连接进气道与发动机, 本文针对出口弯段的长度、转弯角度和弯段扩张比开展参数化研究, 设计了多种不同的出口弯段模型, 具体的设计参数见表1。其中,方案1的出口弯段长度$L$${1.76}\mathrm{H}$, 转弯角度$\theta$${45}^{\circ }$,弯段扩张比${A}_{\text{out }}/{A}_{\text{in }}$为1.47,记为基准方案,具体见图1
对于零侧滑飞行状态, 考虑到几何条件和流动边界条件的对称性,选取整个流动区域的$1/2$作为计算域。由于进气道在超声速条件下工作, 上游流场不受下游的影响, 故选取进气道进口上游及下游的部分外流区间、进气道整个内流道作为计算域。整个外流计算域呈半圆柱形,半径为${1.5}{L}_{\mathrm{v}}$(${L}_{\mathrm{v}}$为飞行器长度), 其前端面位于飞行器尖点上游${0.6}{L}_{\mathrm{v}}$处,后端面位于进气道唇口下游0.2${L}_{\mathrm{v}}$处。整个计算域采用六面体网格单元进行填充, 并且在近壁面处以及进气道出口弯段等型面变化较剧烈的区域进行了网格加密。网格单元总数为350万左右,大部分近壁网格单元的${y}^{+ }$保持在30左右,具体的网格如图2所示。
采用流体计算软件进行三维数值仿真, 使用基于有限体积法的Navier-Stokes (N-S) 方程求解器, 其中无黏对流通量采用Roe平均方式进行MUSCL插值, 黏性通量采用二阶迎风格式进行离散, 时间推进采用隐式格式,湍流黏性系数采用$k -\varepsilon$标准模型,近壁区采用壁面函数法处理。
仿真计算模拟飞行高度为${20}\mathrm{\;{km}}$,马赫数为3.5, 攻角和侧滑角均为${0}^{\circ }$。来流边界按照飞行高度设置为远场边界条件,来流静压为${5529.31}\mathrm{\;{Pa}}$,静温为${216.65}\mathrm{\;K}$,出口设置为压力出口边界条件,总温为747.442 5 K。
在本文的分析中, 进气道的压比均按照基准方案的临界反压比进行了归一化处理。
表2给出了通流状态下基准方案进气道的内阻系数,其中${C}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{{dw}}}$分别表示出口弯段内流道、弯段上游内流道、整个进气道内流道的阻力系数。由表2可以看出, 出口弯段的内阻较弯段上游内流道的阻力要大得多,占据了整个内流道阻力的82% 以上。 导致这种现象的主要原因是弯段上游进气道的流动较为顺畅, 因此其内阻较小, 而弯段内的流动受型面弯曲的影响, 气流速度大小和流动方向被迫发生剧烈改变, 在黏性的作用下, 流体质点间发生剧烈摩擦和动量交换, 甚至在弯段内出现流动分离, 从而产生了较大的流动阻力。
图3图4给出了通流状态下进气道出口弯段的马赫数和总压恢复系数$\left(\sigma \right)$云图及流线分布。
图3图4可以看出, 通流状态下, 基准方案进气道出口弯段的主流区为超声速流动, 受内侧壁面拐弯剧烈的影响, 气流在流动惯性的作用下明显向流道外侧偏转, 主流脱离内侧壁面, 在内侧壁面附近形成了局部分离区, 导致了较大的涡流损失。该流动分离区使得弯段的有效流通面积明显减小, 气流经过弯段时减速增压, 存在加速损失。同时, 由于气流向流道外侧偏转汇聚, 导致了外侧壁面的静压明显高于内侧壁面的静压 (见图5,图中的横坐标$x$以弯段长度$L$进行了无量纲化处理), 弯段流道存在着较大的径向压力梯度。气流经过弯段时, 在该径向压力梯度的作用下, 原本平行于水平方向的主流出现方向偏转, 具有垂直于水平方向的速度分量, 从而导致了一定的转向损失。在涡流损失、转向损失、加速损失的共同作用下,弯段内的总压损失显著增大 (见图4)。由于总压损失实际为克服阻力而消耗的机械能, 因此总压损失越大表明阻力越大。
综上可知, 进气道出口弯段内阻占据了整个内流道阻力的绝大部分, 占比在82% 以上。由于出口弯段的内阻与型面弯曲带来的流动分离密切相关, 因此下文针对直接影响弯段流态的关键几何参数 (弯段长度、转弯角度、弯段扩张比)进行内阻影响分析。
表3给出了通流状态下不同弯段长度方案的进气道内阻系数。
表3显示,改变弯段长度不影响弯段上游流道的内阻, 然而弯段内阻却随着长度的增加先减小后增大。对比方案2 ,弯段内阻较基准方案减小5.4%;进一步减小弯段长度至${1.10}\mathrm{H}$(方案3)时,弯段内阻反而增大,与基准方案相比,其增大幅度接近20%。这是由于在相同的扩张比和转弯角度下, 改变弯段长度时, 转弯半径也同时发生变化。
图6所示,当弯段长度减小为${1.43}\mathrm{H}$时,与基准方案相比,其流动分离区无明显增大,但由于长度减小,因此沿程损失下降,从而导致了内阻有所下降; 当弯段长度减小为${1.10}\mathrm{H}$时,转弯半径大幅减小, 导致了内侧壁面的拐弯显著加剧, 流动分离区明显增大, 约占据了整个流道横截面的一半, 涡流损失加剧。同时,流动分离区的增大使得气流有效流通面积减小,气体向外侧壁面挤压更为严重,从而导致该侧壁面静压大幅升高,存在明显的压力峰 (见图7,图中的横坐标$x$以弯段外侧壁面的长度${L}_{\mathrm{A}}$进行了无量纲化处理),此时超声速气流经过收缩流道, 速度下降更为显著, 气流加速损失增大。可见, 弯段长度减小可以在一定程度上减小沿程损失, 但由于局部损失 (涡流损失和加速损失)随弯段长度减小而增加,这就导致了整个弯段内的流动损失随着弯段长度并非同向变化。对于方案2 ,弯段的沿程损失和局部损失在3种方案中均属于中间水平, 因此综合作用下, 该方案总的流动损失和内阻最小。
表4给出了通流状态下不同转弯角度方案的进气道内阻系数。
表4显示,改变转弯角度不影响弯段上游流道的内阻, 但弯段内阻随着转弯角度的增大逐渐上升。对比方案$4\left({\theta ={30}^{\circ }}\right)$,弯段内阻较基准方案减小一半; 当转弯角度增加至${60}^{\circ }$(方案5 )时,弯段内阻较基准方案增加30% 以上。这是由于, 在相同的长度下, 当转弯角度较小$\left({\theta ={30}^{\circ }}\right)$时,转弯半径较大,流道弯曲较缓,因此整个弯段内的流动较为顺畅,未发生流动分离 (见图8a),无明显的涡流损失。此外,由于未发生流动分离, 弯段有效流通截面逐渐扩张, 超声速气流加速减压,不存在加速损失,内阻较小。随着转弯角度的增加, 转弯半径减小, 流道弯曲加剧, 在流动惯性的作用下, 气流向外侧壁面偏转的趋势加强, 外侧壁面的压强增大 (见图9), 导致了弯段的径向压差增加。受黏性的作用, 壁面附近的气流运动速度很慢, 该压差远大于壁面附近气流在弯段转向所需要的向心力, 因此壁面附近的流体在压差的驱动作用下, 由外侧向内侧流动, 并与在惯性作用下脱离内侧壁面的气流一起形成了较大的分离区 (见图8b), 从而导致了涡流损失明显增大,弯段内阻大幅上升。此外, 受流动分离区的影响, 弯段有效流通面积减小, 超声速气流经过收缩流道的加速损失增加, 这也导致了弯段内阻进一步增大。
表5给出了通流状态下不同弯段扩张比方案的进气道内阻系数。
表5显示,改变弯段扩张比不影响弯段上游流道的内阻, 然而弯段内阻却随着弯段扩张比的减小明显增大,当${A}_{\text{out }}/{A}_{\text{in }}= {1.00}$(方案7),即弯段完全不扩张时, 弯段内阻相对于基准方案增加15%。这是由于在相同的弯段长度和转弯角度下,随着扩张比的减小, 弯段的平均当量直径减小,因此其沿程损失增大。同时, 扩张比的减小使得内、外侧壁面的转弯半径逐渐趋近, 内侧壁面附近因流动惯性而脱离壁面的气流减少, 因此弯段内的流动分离区反而有所减小 (见图10),涡流损失降低。然而,转弯半径的减小使得外侧壁面的静压升高 (见图11), 内、外侧壁面压差增大, 以维持气流在更小的半径内完成转向, 气流的转向损失增大。在多种损失的共同作用下, 随着扩张比的减小,气流总损失逐渐增大,因此其内阻上升。
综上所述, 对于双侧进气布局的飞行器, 进气道内的气流需向发动机燃烧室转弯过渡, 弯段内存在较大的流动损失和阻力,其中弯段的长度、转弯角度、 扩张比等几何参数对弯段的流场结构及流动阻力影响显著。通流状态下, 弯段阻力随着转弯角度的减小或弯段扩张比的增加逐渐减小, 但随着弯段长度的增加呈现先减小后增大的变化规律。
本文针对一种超声速混压式双侧二元进气道, 采用数值方法开展了不同出口弯段长度、转弯角度、扩张比对进气道内阻特性的影响研究, 得到的结论主要如下:
a)对于双侧进气布局的飞行器,通流状态下, 进气道出口弯段内存在涡流损失、加速损失、转向损失等多种局部损失, 本文研究的进气道弯段内阻占整个进气道内阻的82% 以上。
b)弯段长度与转弯半径相互影响, 对弯段内阻的影响呈现非同向变化的关系, 在给定设计条件下, 随着弯段长度的增加弯段内阻先减小后增大。
c)弯段内阻随着转弯角度的减小逐渐降低,转弯角度为${30}^{\circ }$时的弯段内阻较转弯角度为${45}^{\circ }$时的内阻显著下降。
d)减小弯段扩张比可以在一定程度上减小弯段内的流动分离, 但弯段的沿程损失和转向损失增大, 流动阻力增大。
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doi: 10.7654/j.issn.2097-1974.20240105
  • 接收时间:2021-07-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-10
  • 修回日期:2022-02-26
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    中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京,100076
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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