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Article(id=1322959397500105406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322959347470442879, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.093, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793347699761, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347699761, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347699761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347699761, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322959347470442879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='111', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739548800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347687833, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793347687833, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=195, endPage=202, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322959397936313024, articleId=1322959397500105406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Cave Strain Observation and Barometric Pressure Effect around Eastern Dabie Orogenic Belt, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the barometric effect analysis of the observed cave strain data from five observation stations on the periphery of the eastern Dabie orogenic belt, we find that: 1) The correlation between the observed cave strain and barometric pressure and earth tide is weak for the low frequency domain, the correlation between any two of the three is obvious for the middle frequency domain, while the correlation between the cave strain and barometric pressure for the high frequency domain is less than that for the middle frequency domain, but it increases exponentially with the increase of frequency. The response of cave strain to barometric pressure is prominent for the middle frequency domain. 2) During the nine short-period pressure fluctuation events from 2019 to 2022, the cave strain shows similar characteristics to the barometric pressure change for time domain, frequency domain, change pattern and spatial propagation direction. 3) Combining the different bedrock lithology, covering thickness and topographic characteristics of the five observation stations, we consider that the bedrock of Macheng station is complete and deep, so the barometric pressure response amplitude of Macheng station is the most significant and the average pressure coefficient is the largest, indicating that the rock mass elasticity of its covering layer is good. On the contrary, Jinzhai station's lithology is gneiss, the surface layer is relatively broken, so its barometric pressure response amplitude is the smallest, indicating that the overburden rock mass elasticity is poor.

, authors=Jun LIN1, 2, Pinji LÜ1, 2, *, authorsList=Jun LIN, Pinji LÜ, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pinji LÜ, authorNote=

LIN Jun, engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring and prediction, E-mail:

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对东大别造山带周缘5个观测站的洞体应变观测资料进行气压效应分析, 结果发现: 1)在低频带, 洞体应变、气压与固体潮三者间的相关性较弱; 在中频带, 由于受日月引力潮汐作用的影响, 三者间两两相关性明显; 在高频带, 洞体应变和气压的相关性虽不及中频带, 但随频率的增大有呈指数增加的趋势。由此可知, 在中频带洞体应变对气压的响应突出。2)在2019—2022年9次短周期气压波动事件过程中, 洞体应变在时域、频域、变化形态和空间传播方向等方面呈现出与气压变化相似的特征。3)结合5个观测站不同的基岩岩性、覆盖厚度和地形特征认为, 麻城台的基岩岩性完整、进深大, 气压响应幅度最显著, 平均气压系数最大, 其覆盖层岩体弹性较好; 相反, 金寨台的台基岩性为片麻岩, 表层较破碎, 气压响应幅度最小, 其覆盖层岩体弹性较差。

, authors=林俊1, 2, 吕品姬1, 2, *, authorsList=林俊, 吕品姬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吕品姬, authorNote=

林俊, 工程师, 主要从事地震监测预报研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

吕品姬, 高级工程师, 主要从事地壳形变与地震预测研究, E-mail:

LÜ Pinji, senior engineer, majors in crustal deformation and earthquake prediction, E-mail:

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Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2022, 47 (6): 927- 933, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322959422821118742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=9, authorNames=万永革, journalName=数字信号处理的MATLAB实现, refType=null, unstructuredReference=万永革. 数字信号处理的MATLAB实现[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322959423035028247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Wan Yongge, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wan Yongge . MATLAB Implementation of Digital Signal Processing[M]. 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caption=金寨台频率域洞体应变理论固体潮与气压之间的相干函数分析, figureFileSmall=uEZdoMYdwD71Q2azLHtSyg==, figureFileBig=7JCIFoXxR8cEYCvV/x9DKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322959414654808827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of cave conditions at the stations of cave strain observation in the horizontal tunnel around eastern Dabie orogenic belt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站条件
台基岩性 进深/m 覆盖/m 地形变化特征
金寨 花岗片麻岩(表层较破碎，下部较完整) 58.84 >40 NS垂直于山脊, EW平行于山脊
麻城 混合花岗岩(致密、完整) 75 30 NS平行于山脊, EW垂直于山脊
黄梅 燕山期花岗岩(较完整) 55.5 20~30 NS垂直于山脊, EW平行于山脊
黄石 二叠系炭质灰岩(较破碎，但强度较好) 50 25 较平缓，两分量地形变化差异较小
狮子山 泥盆系石英砂岩(较完整) 50 25~30 NS垂直于山脊, EW平行于山脊
), ArticleFig(id=1322959414717723388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

东大别造山带周缘洞体应变观测台站山洞条件对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站条件
台基岩性 进深/m 覆盖/m 地形变化特征
金寨 花岗片麻岩(表层较破碎，下部较完整) 58.84 >40 NS垂直于山脊, EW平行于山脊
麻城 混合花岗岩(致密、完整) 75 30 NS平行于山脊, EW垂直于山脊
黄梅 燕山期花岗岩(较完整) 55.5 20~30 NS垂直于山脊, EW平行于山脊
黄石 二叠系炭质灰岩(较破碎，但强度较好) 50 25 较平缓，两分量地形变化差异较小
狮子山 泥盆系石英砂岩(较完整) 50 25~30 NS垂直于山脊, EW平行于山脊
), ArticleFig(id=1322959415111987965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Time interval of the observation data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 时段 用途
1 2019-01-03—2019-01-04 时频域分析
2 2019-01-30—2019-01-31 时频域分析
3 2019-03-01—2019-03-02 时频域分析
4 2019-08-18 时频域分析
5 2020-03-26 时频域分析
6 2020-05-18 时频域分析
7 2021-03-30—2021-03-31 时频域分析
8 2021-04-07 时频域分析
9 2022-01-15 时频域分析
10 2021-10-01—2022-02-28 频率域分析
), ArticleFig(id=1322959415191679742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究时段选取

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 时段 用途
1 2019-01-03—2019-01-04 时频域分析
2 2019-01-30—2019-01-31 时频域分析
3 2019-03-01—2019-03-02 时频域分析
4 2019-08-18 时频域分析
5 2020-03-26 时频域分析
6 2020-05-18 时频域分析
7 2021-03-30—2021-03-31 时频域分析
8 2021-04-07 时频域分析
9 2022-01-15 时频域分析
10 2021-10-01—2022-02-28 频率域分析
), ArticleFig(id=1322959415548195583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Statistical table of T < 128 min observed barometric pressure interference amplitude, shape, response time and spectral structure of the tunnel extension meters around eastern Dabie orogenic belt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站 仪器 测项 平均变化幅度应变与气压变化形态对比 对气压变化响应时间谱结构/cpd 平均气压系数/hPa－1
持续振荡抖动 短时“V”型畸变 频谱范围 优势频率
金寨气象三要素仪气压 153 Pa - - - 6~200 8~60 -
洞体应变仪NS 4.4×10－9 相同 同向 一致 7~150 9~60 1.99×10－9
EW 3.6×10－9 相同 同向 一致 7~150 12~60 1.75×10－9
麻城气象三要素仪气压 185 Pa - - - 6~200 8~55 -
洞体应变仪 NS 10.4×10－9 相反 反向 一致 6~150 8~55 3.12×10－9
EW 9.9×10－9 相反 反向 一致 6~150 8~55 3.11×10－9
黄梅气象三要素仪气压 163 Pa - - - 6~350 9~80 -
洞体应变仪NS 6.2×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前12 min 6~700 9~130 2.47×10－9
EW 7.7×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前13 min 6~300 9~80 1.99×10－9
黄石气象三要素仪气压 205 Pa - - - 7~350 9~60 -
洞体应变仪NS 9.3×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前11 min 6~200 8~70 2.85×10－9
EW 8.9×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前10 min 6~250 8~65 2.35×10－9
武汉狮子山气象三要素仪气压 231 Pa - - - 6~250 8~70 -
洞体应变仪NS 8.7×10－9 相同 同向 提前12 min或一致 6~300 10~101 1.77×10－9
EW 11.5×10－9 相同 同向 提前13 min或一致 6~200 10~70 2.02×10－9
), ArticleFig(id=1322959415615304448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

东大别造山带周缘洞体应变仪T < 128 min气压干扰幅度、形态、响应时间、谱结构统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站 仪器 测项 平均变化幅度应变与气压变化形态对比 对气压变化响应时间谱结构/cpd 平均气压系数/hPa－1
持续振荡抖动 短时“V”型畸变 频谱范围 优势频率
金寨气象三要素仪气压 153 Pa - - - 6~200 8~60 -
洞体应变仪NS 4.4×10－9 相同 同向 一致 7~150 9~60 1.99×10－9
EW 3.6×10－9 相同 同向 一致 7~150 12~60 1.75×10－9
麻城气象三要素仪气压 185 Pa - - - 6~200 8~55 -
洞体应变仪 NS 10.4×10－9 相反 反向 一致 6~150 8~55 3.12×10－9
EW 9.9×10－9 相反 反向 一致 6~150 8~55 3.11×10－9
黄梅气象三要素仪气压 163 Pa - - - 6~350 9~80 -
洞体应变仪NS 6.2×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前12 min 6~700 9~130 2.47×10－9
EW 7.7×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前13 min 6~300 9~80 1.99×10－9
黄石气象三要素仪气压 205 Pa - - - 7~350 9~60 -
洞体应变仪NS 9.3×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前11 min 6~200 8~70 2.85×10－9
EW 8.9×10－9 相同 同向 一致或提前10 min 6~250 8~65 2.35×10－9
武汉狮子山气象三要素仪气压 231 Pa - - - 6~250 8~70 -
洞体应变仪NS 8.7×10－9 相同 同向 提前12 min或一致 6~300 10~101 1.77×10－9
EW 11.5×10－9 相同 同向 提前13 min或一致 6~200 10~70 2.02×10－9
), ArticleFig(id=1322959416328336130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Statistical table of coherence function betweenT < 128 min observed cave strain data and observed barometric pressure on 2020-05-18 around eastern Dabie orogenic belt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站 测项 与气压的相干函数值在0.5~1.0的频率范围/cpd 与气压的最大相干函数值 最大相干函数值对应频率/cpd
金寨NS 18~180、210、650 0.96 30
EW 18~250、580 0.96 31
麻城NS 110、460 0.55 110
EW 40~50、230 0.70 43
黄梅NS 5~100、190、700 0.95 26
EW 15~100、190、600 0.95 28
NE 17~100、170、400 0.95 30
黄石NS 15~130、380 0.90 35
EW 15~130 0.90 34
武汉狮子山NS 5~120 0.90 21
EW 5~120 0.90 19
), ArticleFig(id=1322959416424805123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959397500105406, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

东大别造山带周缘2020-05-18洞体应变仪T < 128 min数据与气压的相干函数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站 测项 与气压的相干函数值在0.5~1.0的频率范围/cpd 与气压的最大相干函数值 最大相干函数值对应频率/cpd
金寨NS 18~180、210、650 0.96 30
EW 18~250、580 0.96 31
麻城NS 110、460 0.55 110
EW 40~50、230 0.70 43
黄梅NS 5~100、190、700 0.95 26
EW 15~100、190、600 0.95 28
NE 17~100、170、400 0.95 30
黄石NS 15~130、380 0.90 35
EW 15~130 0.90 34
武汉狮子山NS 5~120 0.90 21
EW 5~120 0.90 19
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东大别造山带周缘洞体应变观测与气压效应
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林俊 1, 2 , 吕品姬 1, 2, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 观测技术 2025,45(2): 195-202
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大地测量与地球动力学 |观测技术 2025 , 45 (2) : 195 -202
东大别造山带周缘洞体应变观测与气压效应
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林俊1, 2 , 吕品姬1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 湖北省地震局, 武汉市洪山侧路48号, 430071
  • 2 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站, 武汉市洪山侧路40号, 430071
通讯作者:

吕品姬, 高级工程师, 主要从事地壳形变与地震预测研究, E-mail:

LÜ Pinji, senior engineer, majors in crustal deformation and earthquake prediction, E-mail:

作者简介:

林俊, 工程师, 主要从事地震监测预报研究, E-mail:

Cave Strain Observation and Barometric Pressure Effect around Eastern Dabie Orogenic Belt
Jun LIN1, 2 , Pinji LÜ1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Hubei Earthquake Agency, 48 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 2 Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station, 40 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China

    • LIN Jun, engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring and prediction, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.093
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摘要
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对东大别造山带周缘5个观测站的洞体应变观测资料进行气压效应分析, 结果发现: 1)在低频带, 洞体应变、气压与固体潮三者间的相关性较弱; 在中频带, 由于受日月引力潮汐作用的影响, 三者间两两相关性明显; 在高频带, 洞体应变和气压的相关性虽不及中频带, 但随频率的增大有呈指数增加的趋势。由此可知, 在中频带洞体应变对气压的响应突出。2)在2019—2022年9次短周期气压波动事件过程中, 洞体应变在时域、频域、变化形态和空间传播方向等方面呈现出与气压变化相似的特征。3)结合5个观测站不同的基岩岩性、覆盖厚度和地形特征认为, 麻城台的基岩岩性完整、进深大, 气压响应幅度最显著, 平均气压系数最大, 其覆盖层岩体弹性较好; 相反, 金寨台的台基岩性为片麻岩, 表层较破碎, 气压响应幅度最小, 其覆盖层岩体弹性较差。

东大别造山带周缘  /  洞体应变  /  气压效应

Based on the barometric effect analysis of the observed cave strain data from five observation stations on the periphery of the eastern Dabie orogenic belt, we find that: 1) The correlation between the observed cave strain and barometric pressure and earth tide is weak for the low frequency domain, the correlation between any two of the three is obvious for the middle frequency domain, while the correlation between the cave strain and barometric pressure for the high frequency domain is less than that for the middle frequency domain, but it increases exponentially with the increase of frequency. The response of cave strain to barometric pressure is prominent for the middle frequency domain. 2) During the nine short-period pressure fluctuation events from 2019 to 2022, the cave strain shows similar characteristics to the barometric pressure change for time domain, frequency domain, change pattern and spatial propagation direction. 3) Combining the different bedrock lithology, covering thickness and topographic characteristics of the five observation stations, we consider that the bedrock of Macheng station is complete and deep, so the barometric pressure response amplitude of Macheng station is the most significant and the average pressure coefficient is the largest, indicating that the rock mass elasticity of its covering layer is good. On the contrary, Jinzhai station's lithology is gneiss, the surface layer is relatively broken, so its barometric pressure response amplitude is the smallest, indicating that the overburden rock mass elasticity is poor.

eastern Dabie orogenic belt periphery  /  cave strain  /  barometric pressure effect
林俊, 吕品姬. 东大别造山带周缘洞体应变观测与气压效应. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (2) : 195 -202 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.093
Jun LIN, Pinji LÜ. Cave Strain Observation and Barometric Pressure Effect around Eastern Dabie Orogenic Belt[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 195 -202 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.093
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定点地形变观测的结果可以看成是由固体潮应变、大地构造运动、地震前断层体快速移动及气象环境等因素叠加的联合效应。作为定点地形变观测手段之一，洞体应变仪是能精密测量地壳表面水平两点相对距离连续微变化的线应变观测仪器，可为地震孕育过程的研究提供宝贵的数据资料。洞体应变观测资料不仅包括地壳应变信息，还包括气象类(如气压、降雨、温度、湿度、大风)等干扰信息，会对地震前兆异常的识别造成一定的困扰。作为一种地壳表面的快速加卸载源，气压产生畸变时与大地耦合所形成的短临动力，可用于研究非稳定地体的控震问题[1-2]。在东大别这种曾发生多次破坏性地震的地区开展洞体应变观测定量气压效应分析，对气压干扰分频改正及识别地震前兆信号有一定的指导意义，且有助于认识该区应力应变作用机制，为区域微应变变化解释提供依据，也可为洞体应变资料应用于短临地震预报工作提供理论支撑。
1 区域概况
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大别造山带是以断裂构造围限的东宽西窄楔形地质块体，位于华北板块和扬子板块之间，是华北板块与扬子板块碰撞形成的挤压造山带。向西通过南阳盆地与秦岭造山带相接，东部受郯庐断裂巨大平移运动的影响，与苏鲁造山带遥相对应。大别造山带被NNE向麻城-团风断裂分为东、西两个部分，其中东大别造山带又被称为大别地块，是国际地质研究的热点地区，俯冲深度可达150 km[3]，其北部边界为近EW向信阳-金寨断裂，南部边界为NWW向襄樊-广济断裂；西大别造山带又被称为红安地块[4]。
东大别造山带内共发生过17次5级以上地震，其中3次为6级以上地震(图1)，这些地震大多为1970年有地震记录以前的历史地震，且基本分布在东大别周缘区域。20世纪初期，麻城-团风断裂带北段曾发生3次中强地震，最大为1932年麻城北6级地震，1959年发生了潢川5级地震。从图1所示的研究区地震活动分布情况可以清晰观察到，东大别造山带北缘存在一个地震活动异常密集的区域，即霍山地震区。这一区域是大别山及其周边地带地震发生最为频繁和集中的地区，历史上记录到多次5级以上地震事件。霍山地震区内地震的频发与集中现象，无疑与该地区独特的深部地质构造密切相关，这一点在相关研究[4]中得到进一步证实。
2 研究区域台址分布特征
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东大别造山带周缘布设有5个洞体应变观测台站，分别为金寨台、麻城台、黄梅台、黄石台和武汉狮子山台，为定量描绘台域周边地形，本文通过8 m分辨率的DEM高程数据提取了各台站周边500 m范围内地形变化，见图2。各山洞条件对比见表1。
3 典型气压效应分析
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3.1 数据
对东大别造山带周缘5个台站洞体应变仪2019—2022年数据进行统计和筛选后发现，有9个时段所有5个台站的洞体应变仪均受到短时高频气压(周期小于128 min)的影响，其中除2019-08-18、2020-05-18外其他时段所有台站均伴有降雨(日降雨量为1~31 mm，短时降雨量为0.1~3.6 mm/min)。利用本文选取的9个时段的分钟值数据，对东大别造山带周缘5个台站在时频域进行洞体应变观测和高频气压响应研究；同时选取2021-10-01—2022-02-28分钟值数据对东大别周缘5个台站在频率域进行洞体应变观测和高频气压及固体潮响应初探。气压响应事件研究时段见表2。
3.2 频率域洞体应变观测对气压的响应分析
首先求解功率谱，由功率谱获取相干函数，而后在频率域进行洞体应变对气压的响应分析。
3.2.1 功率谱
以2019-01-03—04金寨台数据为例说明求解功率谱的过程。由于高频气压波动周期绝大多数小于128 min，故采用紧支撑标准正交小波基函数db4进行分解[5]。根据气压及洞体应变观测数据变化形态，设置小波分解阶数至第6层，得到第6阶趋势项A6(周期大于128 min)，如图3(a)和3(b)红色曲线，其中蓝色曲线为原始数据曲线。根据小波信号重构原理获得原始数据y的去第6阶趋势项dy，如图3(c)和3(d)所示，即dy=y－A6。去第6阶趋势部分dy主要包含2.13 h以下(周期小于128 min)的噪声、异常突变或随机波动信号。将去第6阶趋势部分dy进行连续小波变换后，得到时频分布，如图3(e)和3(f)所示。将波的功率频谱密度乘以一个适当的系数后，将得到每单位频率波携带的功率，即信号的功率谱密度(PSD)；对小波分解后的去第6阶趋势项dy(周期小于128 min)进行功率谱密度(PSD)分析，得到的结果见图3(g)和3(h)。
3.2.2 相干函数
以2019-01-03—04金寨台数据为例说明求解相干函数的过程。相干函数[6]可直接在频域内揭示2种信号的相关性，从统计学角度来看，相干函数值分别介于0.5~1.0、0.3~0.5、0.1~0.3时依次代表强相关、中等相关和弱相关。因此，通过分析洞体应变、气压和固体潮彼此间的相干性，就能客观评价彼此的相关性随频率变化的关系。相干函数定义为：
$\gamma_{x y}^2=\frac{\left|G_{x y}(\omega)\right|^2}{G_{x x}(\omega) G_{y y}(\omega)}, 0 \leqslant \gamma_{x y}^2 \leqslant 1$
式中，Gxx(ω)和Gyy(ω)分别为信号x和y的自功率谱，Gxy(ω)为互功率谱。根据有关公式计算2019-01-03-04金寨台洞体应变与气压的互功率谱，洞体应变与气压的相干函数见图4。
3.2.3 频率域的响应分析
选取2021-10-01—2022-02-28东大别造山带周缘5个洞体应变观测数据进行频率域气压和固体潮响应初探，期间对有短时缺数和台阶的数据进行线性插值和台阶改正处理。将这5个台站的洞体应变、气压和理论固体潮分钟值信号去长趋势后分别进行两两相干函数对比分析，受篇幅所限，仅以金寨台为例进行分析，结果见图5~7。可以看出：1)洞体应变对气压的响应。在受固体潮影响较大的中频部分(0.5~8 cpd)，所有台站的洞体应变与气压只有在日波(~0.9 cpd)、半日波(~2 cpd)和三分之一日波(~3 cpd)频段附近时信号的相干函数值较高，约为0.8，强相关，这是因为洞体应变和气压包含的由日、月引力引发的固体潮和大气潮能量均最强；高频部分(>8 cpd)，有些频点也呈强相关。2)洞体应变对理论固体潮的响应。在日波(0.9~1 cpd)和半日波(~2 cpd)频段，相干函数值均接近1，相关程度更强，频带更宽。3)气压和理论固体潮。在日波(~1 cpd)和半日波(~2 cpd)频段，相干函数值为0.8~0.95，相关程度较强；且相比而言，半日波频段的相干函数值更大，能量更强。
总体看来，各台洞体应变、气压和理论固体潮相干函数局部特征略有不同，但共有特征明显：低频部分(< 0.5 cpd)相互间的相关性较弱；中频部分(0.5~8 cpd)洞体应变、气压由于均受日月引力潮影响，在日波和半日波频段的相关性强，其中洞体应变与固体潮的相关性更强，频带也更宽，而洞体应变和气压在三分之一日波频段的相关性也很强；高频部分(>8 cpd)洞体应变和气压的相关性随频率的增大有呈指数增加的趋势。
本文重点关注的是洞体应变对气压的响应。由分析可知，日波、半日波和三分之一日波频段的气压扰动对洞体应变观测干扰很大，本文使用的时域数据虽消除了128 min以上的周期成分，但傅里叶变换后频域的频率范围取决于时域数据的采样率和长度，因此数据在时域和频域的频率范围是不同的。
3.3 时频域洞体应变对气压的响应特征
将9次短周期高频事件按金寨台、麻城台、黄梅台、黄石台、武汉狮子山台的台站顺序进行洞体应变仪对气压响应的小波分析，去第6阶趋势部分滤波曲线(周期小于128 min，频率大于11.25 cpd)的幅度、形态、响应时间、谱结构分析统计见表3。
从响应幅度来看，因为麻城台的台基岩性完整，进深大，洞体应变的气压响应幅度最显著，说明其覆盖层岩体弹性较好；相反，金寨台的台基岩性为片麻岩，表层较破碎，洞体应变的气压响应幅度最小，说明其覆盖层岩体弹性较差。用回归分析得到每个台站不同事件的平均气压系数，去掉置信度和相关性较差的系数，将NS分量和EW分量平均气压系数相加得到面应变平均气压系数。由表3可以看出，麻城台洞体应变的气压系数最大，其NS分量和EW分量平均气压系数分别为3.12×10－9hPa-1和3.11×10－9hPa-1。各台站响应差异除与基岩完整性有关外，还可能与各台站周边地形有关。由图2各台站周边高程3D曲面图可知，金寨台和黄梅台正好位于山区和平原的过渡区，且周边还有水库；麻城台也比较类似，但更靠近山区；黄石台和武汉狮子山台地处平原，且靠近江、湖，这些环境因素对洞体周边的应力都有一定影响，需建立模型进行进一步推演。9次响应事件中，第4、6、9号事件基本无降雨，与其他6次有降雨的事件相比，没有发现洞体应变对降雨产生明显响应。
从变化形态来看可分为2种，一种为持续振荡型抖动或小幅抖动，另一种为短时“V”型畸变，其中大部分台站洞体应变仪抖动或“V”型畸变的方向与气压变化相同，只有麻城台洞体应变两分量抖动或“V”型畸变的方向与气压变化相反。正常情况下，当地表气压增大时，地表岩体垂直方向会因地表大气压力加大而表现为压缩应变，水平方向表现为拉张应变。而观测水平向变化的洞体应变观测中，正向变化表示拉张，即气压与洞体应变观测值变化方向相同，金寨台、黄梅台、黄石台、武汉狮子山台洞体应变仪就是此种情形。而麻城台洞体应变仪观测值变化方向相反，可能与台站山洞局部因素与构造(裂隙分布)不同有关，需进一步分析。
在响应时间方面，金寨台和麻城台所记录的洞体应变响应时间均与气压的突变时间相吻合，但黄梅台、黄石台和武汉狮子山台的情况则不同，其记录的洞体应变突变时间有时会较气压突变提前10~13 min。出现这一现象的原因可归结为台站周边独特的地理环境特征：在气压波动尚未直接到达台站的气压监测仪器之前，已通过地层岩体以一种类似准面波的形式提前传递到了距离台站一定距离的地下。这种准面波在地表以下向台站传播的速度显著快于气压波动在空气中的传播速度，因此在某些台站，洞体应变的突变会先于气压的突变被观测到。洞体应变的频谱范围(约为6~300 cpd)也比较接近于气压变化的频谱范围(约为6~350 cpd)，气压的优势频率约为8~80 cpd，洞体应变的优势频率约为8~130 cpd。
本文仅列出2020-05-18气压与洞体应变T < 128 min信号的互谱及相干函数分析结果。表4显示，各台站洞体应变仪在不同频率范围内都有与气压强相关的成分，尤其是金寨台、黄梅台、黄石台和武汉狮子山台洞体应变仪两分量最大相干函数值都超过了0.9，麻城台洞体应变仪与气压的最大相干函数值较小，原因为当天仪器故障导致噪声偏大。所有洞体应变仪与气压的相干函数值在0.5~1.0的频率范围比较分散，最大相干函数值对应频率为19~110 cpd，其中麻城台洞体应变NS分量偏离较大，其余则比较集中。
4 洞体应变对气压响应的机理探讨
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洞体应变观测资料受气压影响的机制相当复杂，其核心关联因素主要包括洞体周边的地形地貌特征及地质构造状况。分析表明，大气流动直接对地表产生作用，当遭遇短时气压急剧变化或持续扰动时，地表所承受的大气压力也会相应发生骤变或扰动。这种压力变化作用于具有弹性的岩体上，会进一步将压力或张力的变化传递至观测仪所在位置，从而引发压性或张性应变。
通过对观测资料的分析可以明确，当气压突然增大时，位于东大别山造山带周边地区的洞体应变台站监测到的地下岩石水平向应变呈现出不同的响应模式：麻城台表现为压应变，而其余4个台站均表现为张应变。这一现象可能与各台站所在山洞的局部地质条件、构造特征及具体环境因素的不同密切相关。因此，为更全面理解这一现象，需要进一步深入分析各台站的特定条件及其与气压变化之间的相互作用机制。
5 结语
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对于东大别造山带周缘5个台站，在频率域进行了2021-10-01—2022-02-28洞体应变观测值、气压和固体潮相互响应初探，在时频域利用2019—2022年9个受气压干扰时段的洞体应变观测数据进行了定量气压效应分析，得出以下结论：
1) 在低频带，洞体应变、气压与固体潮的两两相关性较弱；在中频带，洞体应变受日月引力潮汐作用明显；在高频带，洞体应变和气压的相关性随频率的增大有呈指数增加的趋势；日波、半日波和三分之一日波频段的气压扰动对洞体应变观测的干扰很大。
2) 所有洞体应变仪器在气压变化的频率范围内，最为敏感的是19~110 cpd这一区间。在此范围内，麻城台洞体应变NS分量表现出较大的偏离现象，而其余台站则相对较为集中，显示出较为一致的响应特征。特别地，黄梅台、黄石台和武汉狮子山台等洞体应变观测站，在特定情况下其应变响应会较气压变化提前10~13 min发生突变，这一现象归因于各台站周边独特的地理环境特点。具体而言，当气压波动尚未直接到达台站的气压监测仪器时，已经通过某种方式传递到了距离台站一定距离的地层岩体中，形成一种类似于面波的准面波现象。这种准面波在地表向台站传播的速度显著快于气压波动在空气中的传播速度。因此，当准面波先行到达并影响地层岩体时，就造成了部分台站洞体应变响应相对于气压变化提前的突变现象。
3) 麻城台的台基岩性完整，进深大，气压响应幅度最显著，平均气压系数最大，说明其覆盖层岩体弹性较好；相反，金寨台的台基岩性为片麻岩，表层较破碎，气压响应幅度最小，说明其覆盖层岩体弹性较差。各台站洞体应变对气压的响应差异除与基岩有关外，还可能与各台站周边地形有一定关系，需建立模型进行进一步分析。
基金
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  • 中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH24029C)
  • 中国地震局地震监测、预报、科研“三结合”课题(3JH-202301057)
  • 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202215)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.093
  • 接收时间：2024-03-06
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-03-06
基金
The Spark Program of Earthquake Technology of CEA(XH24029C)
中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH24029C)
Combination Project with Monitoring, Prediction and Scientific Research of Earthquake Technology, CEA(3JH-202301057)
中国地震局地震监测、预报、科研“三结合”课题(3JH-202301057)
Open Fund of Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station(WHYWZ202215)
武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202215)
作者信息
    1 湖北省地震局, 武汉市洪山侧路48号, 430071
    2 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站, 武汉市洪山侧路40号, 430071

通讯作者:

吕品姬, 高级工程师, 主要从事地壳形变与地震预测研究, E-mail:

LÜ Pinji, senior engineer, majors in crustal deformation and earthquake prediction, E-mail:

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.093
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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